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Accepted Manuscript Title: Protective and risk factors associated with adolescent sleep: findings from Australia, Canada and The Netherlands Author: Kate Bartel, Paul Williamson, Annette van Maanen, Jamie Cassoff, Anne Marie Meijer, Frans Oort, Bärbel Knäuper, Reut Gruber, Michael Gradisar PII: DOI: Reference:
S1389-9457(16)30086-7 http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.007 SLEEP 3096
To appear in:
Sleep Medicine
Received date: Revised date: Accepted date:
28-4-2016 28-7-2016 28-7-2016
Please cite this article as: Kate Bartel, Paul Williamson, Annette van Maanen, Jamie Cassoff, Anne Marie Meijer, Frans Oort, Bärbel Knäuper, Reut Gruber, Michael Gradisar, Protective and risk factors associated with adolescent sleep: findings from Australia, Canada and The Netherlands, Sleep Medicine (2016), http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.007. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Protective and Risk Factors associated with Adolescent Sleep: Findings from Australia, Canada and The Netherlands. Kate Bartel1, Paul Williamson1, Annette van Maanen2, Jamie Cassoff3, Anne Marie Meijer2, Frans Oort2, Bärbel Knäuper3, Reut Gruber3 & Michael Gradisar1.
1Flinders University, School of Psychology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. 2University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 3McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Correspondence to: Michael Gradisar School of Psychology GPO Box 2100 Adelaide, SA 5001
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Protective and Risk Factors for Adolescent Sleep in Australia, Canada and the Netherlands Highlights
Less pre-sleep cognitive arousal is related to shorter sleep latency and longer sleep.
Mobile phone/internet use is associated with later bedtimes and less sleep.
Some protective/risk factors for sleep vary between countries.
Experiments need to determine cause and effect.
Clinicians should consider country when assisting adolescent sleep. ABSTRACT
Sleep is vital for adolescent functioning. This study explored the influence of numerous protective and risk factors on adolescent’s school night sleep (bedtime, sleep latency, total sleep time) simultaneously to assess the importance of each one and compare within three countries. Online survey data were collected from Australia, Canada and The Netherlands. Overall, 325 (137 male), 193 (28 male) and 150 (55 male) contributed to data from Australia, Canada and The Netherlands, respectively (age range 12-19yrs). Results from regression analyses were mixed, when comparing protective and risk factors for sleep parameters within different countries, with combined behavioural factors contributing to small to large shared portions of variance in each regression (9-50%). One consistent finding between countries was found, with increased pre-sleep cognitive emotional sleep hygiene related to decreased sleep latency (beta = -.25 to -.33, p
