Re-description of the male of Psalmopoeus pulcher ...

Re-description of the male of Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925 with the first description of the female (Araneae: Theraphosidae)

Ray Gabriel and Danniella Sherwood.

Hope Entomological Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, Oxon, England, OX1 3PW. Corresponding author: [email protected] Summary The holotype male of Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925 is re-described and the female is described for the first time. Colour ontogeny, intraspecific morphological variation and sexual dimorphism are discussed and its biogeographical distribution mapped.

segments. In the same year, Simon (1903) transferred the Costa Rican species Tapinauchenius reduncus Karsch, 1880 to the genus Psalmopoeus based on the presence of the stridulating organ and transferred Psalmopoeus into the Aviculariinae from the Selenocosmiinae.

Introduction The genus Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 was established to house an adult female, P. cambridgei Pocock, 1895 in the British Museum of Natural History. In the original description, Pocock notes the possession of a stridulation organ describing apparatus on the maxillial coxae and the retrolateral chelicerae (Pocock, 1895: 178). This specimen was in a jar with a species of Omothymus Thorell, 1891, therefore Pocock mistakenly stated this species came from the East Indies, further noting its similarity to the stridulatory organs found in Asian taxa. F.O.P. Cambridge (1898), after comparing the holotype of P. cambridgei, noticed it matched with a species he had described two years earlier as Santaremia longipes F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1896 thus showing the location of P. cambridgei to actually be the West Indies, specifically the islands of Trinidad and Tobago.

P. affinis Strand, 1907 was the next species to be included in the genus with only limited location data, “West Indies”, and again from a single specimen with Strand (1907) defining his species on the number and form of the lyra and also on colour and comparative leg lengths, though only comparing his species against P. cambridgei distinguishing his species mainly on the colour of the carapace and lacking the distinctive red/brown stripe on the metatarsus.

Eight years later, Pocock (1903) added three more species to the genus: P. emeraldus Pocock, 1903 and P. plantaris Pocock, 1903 from Colombia and P. ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903 from Ecuador separating the species on shape and quantity of lyra in the stridulation organ, leg length, colour and comparative lengths of the carapace against various leg 8

Two more species were added to the genus by Petrunkevitch; P. pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925 and P. rufus Petrunkevitch, 1925 - both from Panama. Petrunkevitch (1925: 89-90) is the first to demonstrate variation in the number of lyra: 14 on the right coxa and 16 on the left of P. pulcher and 10 in P. rufus, both species described from single specimens. A further Panamanian species P. intermedius Chamberlin, 1940 was described from a single female which Chamberlin (1940: 39) regarded as distinct from other species as the stridulation organ had 11 lyra. Nearly forty years later, Valerio (1979) re-described the Costa Rican species P. reduncus and indicated this species was highly variable in both colour and size across its zoogeographic range.

Journal of the British Tarantula Society 33(1), June 2018

Saager (1994) described P. irminia Saager, 1994 but gave a vague diagnosis, only separating the species from P. cambridgei based on colour. Similarly, Witt (1996) described a new species from Belize, P. maya Witt, 1996 differentiating it from other species also based on colour. Later, Schmidt, Bullmer and Thierer-Lutz (2006) described P. langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer and Thierer-Lutz, 2006 from Venezuela illustrating the difference in maxillial lyra in the male and the female.

Gabriel (2008), working with limited material, regarded P. maya as a junior synonym of P. reduncus as the holotype of the former could not be located and its close similarity to P.

reduncus, based on the comments of Valerio (1979) reasoning that, as no holotype or other specimens have been deposited in any museum or other place such as a University collection and as the author was no longer contactable, there was no way to examine the specimens to determine the structure and quantity of lyra in the stridulation organ along with other features. He also extended the distribution of P. reduncus into Panama. Mendoza (2014) described P. victori Mendoza, 2014 from Mexico, a species closely related to P. reduncus but differing in the male by the extent of division between the embolus and the tegulum as well as the narrowness of the

Figs. 1-7 : (P. pulcher holotype male AMNH) 1 palpal bulb prolateral view, 2 retrolateral view, 3 dorsal view, 4 ventral view, 5 tibial apophyses prolateral view, 6 retrolateral view, 7 ventral view. Scale bars = 1mm. Journal of the British Tarantula Society 33(1), June 2018

9

I

II

III

IV

Palp

Femur

17.5

15.0

12.7

15.7

9.6

Patella

8.4

7.3

6.2

6.9

5.5

Tibia

15.0

11.9

10.3

14.0

8.9

Metatarsus

12.9

11.7

10.3

15.4

-

Tarsus

7.6

6.1

6.8

7.6

3.4

Total

61.4

52.0

46.3

59.6

27.4

Table 1 P. pulcher holotype male AMNH lengths of legs and palp.

I

II

III

IV

Palp

Femur

15.1

14.0

12.2

14.9

10.4

Patella

8.7

8.4

7.5

7.8

6.0

Tibia

12.0

10.7

9.7

12.9

7.0

Metatarsus

10.8

10.5

10.6

14.3

-

Tarsus

8.3

8.0

7.6

8.3

8.8

Total

54.9

51.6

47.6

58.2

3.2

Table 2 P. pulcher allotype female MIUP lengths of legs and palp.

base of the embolus (Mendoza, 2014: 729). He also used colouration of the females to differentiate P. victori from all other described Psalmopoeus species. In the same year, Gabriel (2014) regarded P. affinis Strand (1907) as nomen dubium as the original description of P. affinis is poor and the holotype was destroyed 10

during the Second World War (Renner, 1988). Gabriel (2014), after examination of the holotype, regarded P. rufus as a junior synonym of P. pulcher based on the similarity of the stridulation organ and abdominal pattern along with its geographical location, which is the same as P. pulcher.


Recently, Gabriel (2018) reversed his earlier synonymy of P. maya with P. reduncus based on molecular results of Panamanian specimens and the discovery of other specimens from Honduras, Belize and Guatemala. Materials and Methods Abbreviations: AMNH = American Museum of Natural History; AUMNH: Auburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn; BMNH = Natural History Museum, London; MIUP = Museo de Invertebrados G.B. Fairchild, Universidad de Panama; OUMNH = Oxford University Museum of Natural History; PMY = Peabody Museum Yale, Connecticut; SDMC = San Diego Natural History Museum, California; AME = anterior median eyes; ALE = anterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; d = dorsal; p = prolateral; r = retrolateral; v = ventral; Imm = immature; Coll. = collector; coll. = collection. Leg spine terminology follows Petrunkevitch (1925). All measurements are in mm. Authors’ emphases in [ ]. Taxonomy Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925 Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925: 87, f. 2 Psalmopoeus rufus Petrunkevitch, 1925: 89 Psalmopoeus pulcher Peters, 2003: 277, f. 11081109 Psalmopoeus pulcher Gabriel, 2014: 135 Type material: Holotype ♂ AMNH, Mount Hope, Canal Zone, Panama, Coll. W. J. Baerg 1924, examined; allotype ♀ MIUP, Capira Occas Arriba, Panama Province, Panama, Coll. J. Angulo, Oct 2003, examined.

Diagnosis: Can be distinguished from other Psalmopoeus species by prominent scletorisation of the apex of spermathecal receptacles and the simple opisthosomal pattern in females, and by the less pronounced apical curve of the embolus in males. Adults of both sexes and juveniles can also be distinguished from sympatric congeners by phenotypic appearance consisting of an overall beige/ blonde pubescence.

Description: Male (AMNH): Total length including chelicerae 37.1. Carapace: length 16.5 width 15.0. Caput: low. Eye tubercle, high, length 2.6 width 3.6, Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row slightly recurved, eyes AME > ALE, ALE > PLE, PLE > PME. Clypeus narrow; clypeal fringe medium. Fovea deep, transverse. Abdomen length 16.4 width 9.6. Chelicerae length 8.3 width 4.3. Maxillae: with 80-100 cuspules covering approximately 60% of the proximal edge. Labium: length 2.0 width 3.1, with 80100 cuspules most separated by 0.5-1 times the width of a single cuspule. Labio-sternum mounds; divided. Sternum: length 8.8 width 6.1 with three pairs of sigilla. Tarsi I-IV densely scopulate, metatarsal scopulae: I - II 84%, III 50% IV 16%, metatarsus IV divided by a line of stout setae. Lengths of legs and palpal segments, see table 1. Spination: metatarsus and tibia I–IV v 0-0-2 (apical). Tibia I with paired apophyses, retrolateral apophyses more elongate than prolateral apophyses widens at apex (Figs. 1-3). Palpal bulb rounded at base with some separation from the tegulum, embolus elongate lacking keels. Microsculpture evident and embolus curved prolaterally when examined in apical view (Figs. 4-7). Posterior lateral spinnerets with three segments, not measured due to fragility, lateral median spinnerets with one segment. Stridulation organ on prolateral faces of maxilla with 16 primary lyra on the left and 14 on the right. Female (MIUP): Total length including chelicerae 46.5. Carapace: length 20.4 width 18.1. Caput: low. Eye tubercle, high, length 2.7 width 3.9, single node present immediately anterior of the tubercle. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior row slightly recurved, eyes ALE > AME, AME > PLE, PLE > PME. Clypeus narrow; clypeal fringe medium. Fovea deep, transverse. Abdomen length 19.6 width 15.9. Chelicerae length 9.6 width 9.8. Maxillae: with 100-150 cuspules covering approximately 60% of the proximal edge. Labium: length 2.2 width 3.0, with 150200 cuspules most separated by 0.5-1.5 times the width of a single cuspule. Labio-sternum


11

Fig. 8 : P. pulcher MIUP allotype female spermatheca dorsal view. Scale bar = 1mm. mounds; divided. Sternum: length 10.0 width 8.0 with three pairs of sigilla. Tarsi I-IV densely scopulate, metatarsal scopulae: I 100%; II 100%; III 59% IV 37% of the length of the segment. Metatarsus IV divided by stout setae. Lengths of legs and palpal segments see table 2. Spination: metatarsus I v 0-0-1 (apical), II – IV v 0-0-2 (apical), tibia I – IV v 0-0-2 (apical). Posterior lateral spinnerets with three segments, basal 4.7, median 2.7, digitiform apical 3.3, lateral median spinnerets with one segment. Spermathecae with two lobes with apical receptacles strongly scletorised (Fig. 8). Stridulation organ on prolateral faces of maxilla with 11 primary lyra on the left and 12 on the right. Colour: Specimens of P. pulcher undergo ontogenetic colour change from spiderlings through to mature adults. Spiderlings possess a dark greenish-black abdomen and blackish carapace with black femora, metatarsi and tarsi but with beige setae on other leg segments 12

(Fig. 9). This colouration persists for another few moults. Larger specimens eventually display blonde leg and carapace pubescence, with reddish-brown colouration of the metatarsi and tarsi with black abdomens and a faint, but developing pattern (Fig. 10). As specimens approach maturity the extent of black hairs covering the abdomen reduces becoming more beige. The abdomen in adult females is almost all beige with only the posterior with black hairs and a dorso-medial stripe [often with some horizontal striping] extending up to the sides of the abdomen (Fig. 11). Older adult females exhibit considerable fading to the opisthosomal pattern with little black around the spinnerets though still retain the dorso-medial stripe (pers. obs.). Adult males are sexually dimorphic, overall grizzled grey/beige upon maturity (Fig. 12) fading to darker beige with age. Distribution: P. pulcher is distributed in


Fig. 9 : Spiderling habitus. Panama with museum specimens indicating a range from Coclé province in the West to the Darien in the East (Fig. 13). It is possible this species may also be found in the Darien area of Colombia. Ecology: In situ, P. pulcher is extremely opportunistic, adopting an arboreal lifestyle.

Given the breadth of specimens we have examined, some of which were collected from in and around houses and other populated establishments, we suspect P. pulcher to be of little conservation concern given its commonality and its apparent ease of adaptability to human habitation.

Fig. 10 : Juvenile habitus.


13

Fig. 11 : Non-type adult female habitus. Reproduction: Cléton, Sigwalt and Verdez (2015: 152) describe the captive reproduction cycle, noting females took between 2-4 months to produce an egg sac and a further 30 -40 days for initial development of the young. They then state in a further 10-15 days the emergence of fully developed spiderlings.

Gabriel (unpublished) also describes two captive breeding successes in which fifty one and fifty three large young were produced in each breeding respectively. Remarks: P. pulcher shows intraspecific variation of the morphology of the

Fig. 12 : Non-type adult male habitus.

14


Fig. 13 : Map of the currently known distribution of Psalmopoeus pulcher. stridulation organ and the number of lobes on the spermathecae. The number and position of primary and secondary lyra varies and will be discussed in a future manuscript (Gabriel and Sherwood in prep). For the purposes of this paper we only consider counts of primary lyra to be taxonomically informative at present. Palpal bulb morphology is more conservative, varying only slightly in intraspecific samples examined. Whilst the number of lobes on the spermathecae does vary intraspecifically the prominent scletorisation at the apex of these lobes is always present and we consider this an informative feature. As such, there is no difficulty in differentiating this species from congeners based on genital morphology in conjunction with biogeography and phenotypic appearance. Considering the homologous nature of the palpal bulb of Psalmopoeus species, it could be argued that this lack of clear variation provides difficulty in asserting morphologies sufficient for species delineation. However, following our examination of a wide range of males of P. pulcher and numerous other Psalmopoeus species (see material examined) we are in agreement with Mendoza (2014) that the width of the embolus [best viewed retrolaterally] and the extent of separation between the palpal bulb and tegulum can be

used. Furthermore, we note that the overall length of the embolus in comparison to the base of the bulb is informative. This will be discussed in detail in future manuscripts covering all other described Psalmopoeus species (Gabriel and Sherwood in prep). Cléton, Sigwalt and Verdez (2015: 78) state that all the pet trade material initially came from a single gravid female which produced young. After many generations of inbreeding this species still shows no signs of inbreeding depression as indicated by Baxter (1993: 45) such as small males, infertile eggs or variation in the size of young. Though arguably, many of these features can also potentially be attributed to natural variation and/or poor husbandry. Acknowledgements We would like to thank, Zoë Simmons, Amoret Spooner, James Hogan, and Darren Mann (all OUMNH) for helping to obtain the relevant type specimens; Norman Platnick and Louis Sorkin (AMNH), Chris Hamilton (AUMNH), Jan Beccaloni (BMNH), Diomedes Quintero (MIUP), Ray Pupedis (PMY) and Michael Wall (SDMC) for allowing us access to their museum collections, arranging loans and allowing examination of material. We especially thank James Hogan and Darren Mann for access to the OUMNH


15

collections and for use of the auto–montage system (sponsored by the A. McCrae bequest). We thank Stuart Longhorn and Richard Gallon for valuable comments on early drafts of the manuscript.

Mexico (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 728-735.

Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. 1896. On the Theraphosidae of the lower Amazons: being an References account of the new genera and species of this Baerg, W. J. 1945. The Black Widow and the group of spiders discovered during the Tarantula. In: In Honour of Alexander expedition of the steamship "Faraday" up the Petrunkevitch. Transactions of the Connecticut river Amazons. Proceedings of the Zoological Society Academy of Arts and Science, 36: 100-113 of London. 1896: 716-766.

Baerg, W. J. 1958. The Tarantula. Transactions of Pickard-Cambridge, F. O. 1898. On new species the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Science, 36: of spiders from Trinidad, West Indies. 100-113. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1898: 890-900. Baxter, R. N. 1993. Keeping and Breeding Tarantulas. Chudleigh Publishing, Ilford, 104 Pocock, R. I. 1895. On a new and natural pp. grouping of some of the Oriental genera of Mygalomorphae, with descriptions of new Chamberlin, R. V. 1940. New American genera and species. Annals and Magazine of tarantulas of the family Aviculariidae. Bulletin of Natural History. (6) 15: 165-184. the University of Utah. 30(13): 1-39. Pocock, R. I. 1903. On some genera and Cléton, F. Sigwalt, Y., Verdez, J.M. 2015. species of South American Aviculariidae. Tarantulas: Breeding, experience and wildlife. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. (7) 11: 81 Frankfurt am Maim. Chimaira 232 pp. -115. Raven, R. J. 1985. The spider infraorder Gabriel, R. 2008. Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, Mygalomorphae Araneae: Cladistics and 1880) a theraphosid spider new to Panama. systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Newsletter of the British Arachnological Society. 112: Natural History. 182: 1-180. 8-10. Renner, F. 1988. Liste der im Krieg vernichteten Gabriel, R. 2014. Revised taxonomic position Typen des Königlichen Naturalienkabinetts in of Psalmopoeus rufus Petrunkevitch, 1925 and Stuttgart. In: Haupt J. (ed.) XI Europäisches Psalmopoeus affinis Strand, 1907 (Araneae: Arachnologisches Colloquium: 319–329. TUBTheraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Dokumentation Kongresse und Tagungen 38, Society 29(3): 132-137. Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin. Gabriel, R. 2018. Some notes and observations on the identity and breeding of Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880) (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Journal of the British Tarantula Society 32(3): 34-40.

Saager, F. 1994. Psalmopoeus irminia sp. n., Beschreibung einer neuen Aviculariinae (Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae, genus Psalmopoeus) inclusive einem Vergleich mit Psalmopoeus cambridgei. Arthropoda 2: 59-71.

Karsch, F. 1880, Arachnologische Blätter Samm, R., Schmidt, G. 2008. Sinurticantinae (Decas I). Zeitschrift für die Gesammten subfamilia nov. -- eine neue Unterfamilie der Naturwissenschaften, Dritte Folge. 53: 373-409. Theraphosidae (Araneae). Tarantulas of the World 140: 3-14. Mendoza, M. J. I., 2014. Psalmopoeus victori, the first arboreal theraphosid spider described for Samm, R., Schmidt, G. 2010. Psalmopoeinae 16


subfamilia nov. -- eine neue Unterfamilie der BMNH, Cauca, Colombia, Coll. H. Groudot; 1 Theraphosidae (Araneae). Tarantulas of the World ♀ P. intermedius SDMC 000065, Panama, Coll. 142: 35-41. C. A. Lawrence, July 19 1937; 1 ♂ P. rufus PMY, Panama, Mount Hope, Canal Zone 1924, Schmidt, G., Bullmer, M., Thierer-Lutz, M. Coll. W.J. Baerg. 2006. Eine neue Psalmopoeus-Art aus Venezuela, Psalmopoeus langenbucheri sp. n. (Araneae: Other material examined (museum numbers Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae). Tarantulas of the given where known): AUMNH specimens: 1 World 121/122: 3-17. ♀ P. pulcher APH_3019, La Chorrera, Panama, 7 km N of La Chorrera in backyard of Simon, E. 1903. Histoire naturelle des araignées. American expat. juvenile missing 2 legs on R Paris, 2: 669-1080. side (raise up), 27/01/2011, Coll. C. A. Hamilton, E. Reynolds and R. Gabriel. Smith, A. M. 1995. Tarantula Spiders: Tarantulas BMNH specimens: 14 ♀, 3 Imm. ♀, 7 Imm. of the U.S.A. and Mexico. Fitzgerald Publishing, P. cambridgei BMNH 7.11.1900, Trinidad, Coll. London, 196 pp. T. Potter, Dr. Ince; 1 Imm. P. cambridgei BMNH 2.9.1957, Wolverhampton in wholesale fruit Strand, E. 1907. Aviculariidae und Atypidae des market, Coll. J.G. Sheals; 1♀ P. cambridgei Kgl. Naturalienkabinetts in Stuttgart. Jahreshefte BMNH, Trinidad, Coll. Pulten; 1 ♀ P. des Vereins für vaterlandische, Naturkunde in cambridgei BMNH,Trinidad, from British Württemberg. 63: 1-100. Museum (Nat. His.) SW7; 1 Imm. P. cambridgei BMNH, San Jose, 1135 mts, Coll J.F Trintan; 1 Valerio, C. E. 1979. Arañas terafósidas de Costa ♂ P. cambridgei BMNH 1932.5.30.4, Trinidad, Rica (Araneae: Theraphosidae). II. Psalmopoeus caught on “Morne Beleue”, 20.2.32, Coll. . R. reduncus, redescripción, distribución y el H. J. Rodger, RN, HMS Norfolk; 1 ♀ P. problema de dispersión en terafósidas. Revista de cambridgei BMNH 1933.2.4.1, West Indies, Coll. Biologia Tropical. 27: 301-308. H.G. Rose; 1 Imm. P. cambridgei BMNH 22.11.1956, among bananas, Grays, Essex, Coll. West, R. C., Marshall, S.D., Fukushima, C.S., F.S. Whalley; 1 ♂ P. cambridgei BMNH, Tobago: Bertani, R. 2008. Review and cladistic analysis Scarborough, in garden, ex CABI 24092; 1 ♀ P. of the Neotropical tarantula genus Ephebopus cambridgei BMNH, Trinidad, Coll. J. Taylor; 3 ♂ Simon 1892 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) with P. cambridgei BMNH, Trinidad, Coll. T. Potter/ notes on the Aviculariinae. Zootaxa 1849: 35-58. Dr. Ince; 1 ♀ Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus BMNH 1903.7.1.118, Rio Sapayo, Purch. of Rosenburg. Witt, G. 1996. Eine neue Psalmopoeus-Species OUMNH specimens: 1 Imm P. cambridgei, aus Belize Psalmopoeus maya sp. n. (Araneida: Drawer 38, Misc. Arachnidae coll.; 1 ♂ P. Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae). Arachnologische cambridgei, 2007 064, pet trade c/b, R. Gabriel Magazin. 4(4): 1-14. coll.; 1 ♂ P. cambridgei, 2007 064, pet trade c/b, don. M. Walters, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 ♂ P. World Spider Catalog. http:// cambridgei, Drawer 12, Hope/Westwood coll.; 1 www.wsc.nmbe.ch. Accessed 15 May 2018. ♀ P. cambridgei, Drawer 36, Misc. Arachnidae coll.; 1 ♀ P. cambridgei, Drawer 38, Misc. Other holotype and paratype material Arachnidae coll.; 1 ♂ P. cambridgei, Drawer 38, examined (museum numbers given where Misc. Arachnidae coll.; 1 ♂ P. cambridgei, 2009 known): 1 ♀ P. cambridgei BMNH, East Indies: 051, pet trade, Imported Lee Ardern possibly from Penang, Malaysia [actually from Spidershop UK, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 Imm ♂ P. Trinidad]; 1 ♂ 2 ♀ P. ecclesiasticus BMNH cambridgei, 2011 058, pet trade, R. Gabriel coll.; 1903.7.1.111 (111-113), Rio Sapayo, N.W. 1 ♂ P. irminia, 2009 007, pet trade, c/b Guy Ecuador, Purch. of Rosenburg; 1 ♀ P. emeraldus Tansley, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 ♂ P. irminia, 2007 BMNH 1894.12.9.1, Muzo Emerald Mines, 064, pet trade, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 ♂ P. irminia, Colombia, Coll. Isla da Costa; 1 ♀ P. plantaris 2007 064, pet trade, c/b 12/1997, R. Gabriel Journal of the British Tarantula Society 33(1), June 2018

17

coll.; 1 ♀ P. irminia, 2009 006, pet trade c/b, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 ♂ P. irminia, 2007 064, pet trade, c/b 1996, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 ♀ P. irminia, 2007 064, pet trade, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 Imm ♂ P. irminia, 2007 064, pet trade, c/b died 1998, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 Imm ♀ P. pulcher, Drawer 5, Miers Coll presented 1880 by J.W. Miers, Miers coll.; 1 Imm P. pulcher, 2009 006, pet trade, c/b R. Gabriel 2003, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 Imm P. pulcher, 2009 006, pet trade, c/b 11/1997, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 ♂ P. reduncus, 2007 064, pet trade, from Norway c/b, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 Imm Psalmopoeus sp., Drawer 20, Hope/Westwood coll.; 1 Imm Psalmopoeus sp., Drawer 21, Hope/Westwood coll.; 1 ♂ Psalmopoeus sp., Drawer 8, Venezuela, O.P. Cambridge coll.; 1 ♀ Psalmopoeus sp., Drawer 16, Hope/Westwood coll.; 1 ♀ Psalmopoeus sp., Drawer 48, Misc. Arachnidae coll.; 1 ♂ Psalmopoeus sp., 2007 064, pet trade, R. Gabriel coll.; 2 ♂ Psalmopoeus sp., 2007 064, pet trade, don. N. Perseden, R. Gabriel coll.; 1 ♀ Psalmopoeus sp., 2007 064, pet trade, c/b died 2004, R. Gabriel coll. MIUP specimens: 1 ♀ P. pulcher, Panama Coprya, El Cacao, Coll. J. Angulo, Augusto 2003; 1 ♀ P. pulcher, P.N. San Lorenzo, Prov. Colon Panama. Dentro de tronco podrido. 23 abril 2006 Coll. R.J. Miranda Psalmopoeus sp. hembra Det R. J. Miranda, P. pulcher Det R. Gabriel 17 01 2012; 1 Imm P. pulcher, Panama Province, Panama, Campana, 12 Septembre 2002, Coll. L. Ortega; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Ciudad Panama, Villa de las Fuentes, en portio de casa, 23 Sept 1982, Coll. M. Simons; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, P.N. San Lorenzo, Colon province, Panama, 24 Sept. 2006, Coll. R.J. Miranda and D. Quintero; 2 ♂ P. pulcher, Panama, Prov. Panama, Capilita, el Cocace, Agusto 2004, J. Angulio; 1 Imm P. pulcher, Parque nac. Soberania, Camino de Cruces, Pma Rep. Panama, 17 oct 195, murio 5 dic 1996, Coll. Roberto Cambra, encima de hoja a 150m altura (dentro de seda); 1 Imm P. pulcher, Huila, dist. Arraijan, Panama (9’02’08”N; 79’44’10”W) 11-Abril-2009 capturada an alicialo raso de auace casa da marri posteriq, Coll. Jacobo Arguz, Psalmopoeus sp. det. D. Quintero 2009; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Achote, Colon, Rep. Panama, Coll. D. Holness; 1 ♀ Psalmopoeus sp., Panama: Colon, Santa Rita Norte, cerea de campo de antennas, 9’20’N 79’46’0, 7 julio 2007 Coll. A. Santos, P. pulche det. R. Gabriel 03/05/2010; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Panama Province, Panama, Calzada larga chilibre dentro de la casa, Coll. S. Markham, 2002, P. pulcher det. R.J. Miranda 2002; 1 ♀ P. pulcher, no 18

other data; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Rio de Chepo, alas 12:00pm, Prov. Panama, R. Panama 2-Nov_1985, Coll. A. Beuville, P. pulcher det. R. Gabriel 2009; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Panam: Panama Province, Arraisan, Nuevo Emperador, La Gloria, 10 diciembre 2009, Coll. E. Echevers, murio 15 marzo 2010; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Panama Province, Clayton, ICAB, Coll. O. Fernandez, 2001, Psalmopoeus sp. nr. pulcher det. D. Quintero 2001; 1 ♀ Pachistopelma sp., 3km S.O. Tonti, ceros aim mobre, Prov. Panama, 16 julio 1987, Coll. D. Quintero, P. pulcher det. R. Gabriel 03/08/2010; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Aguacate, Cerca de Capira, Provincia de Panama, 31-1-1979, Coll. H. Montenegro; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Panama Prov. Chiriqui, Fortuna, dicembre 2004, Coll. O. Lopez Chang, Psalmopoeus sp det R. Gabriel 2017; 1 ♀ Psalmopoeus sp., Panama Prov. Chiriqui, Fortuna, Division Continetal, 3-enero-2007, Coll. D. Correa, Psalmopoeus sp. murio 6 abril 2008 det. R.J. Miranda 2007; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Panama: Prov. Cocle, La Pintanda, Llando Grande, La Venta, 30dic-2007, Coll. R. Debra Guardia, murio 21-Julio2009; 1 ♀ P. pulcher, Panama: Prov. Panama, La Chorrea, La Avenosa, 31-oct-2006, el pelema real, Coll. J. Sandoval, D. Cartillo, Psalmopoeus sp. det. R.J. Miranda 2006; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Panama: Prov. Panama, Arriajan, Res Nuevo, Arriajan Dentrode Casa, 6-Ere-2002, Coll. G. Becerra, murio en el fin de semana 18-20 del marzo 2000, presto en alcohol 20-Mar-2000; 1 ♀ P. pulcher, Cearro Guayaina, Oct 1 1990; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Rio Hato, Cocle Province, Coll. D. Quintero, 15 augusto 1977, Psalmopoeus sp. det. C.E. Valerio marzo 1979, P. pulcher det. R. Gabriel 17/01/2012; 1 ♂ P. pulcher, Panama Prov. Cocle, Puerto Frio, Coll. D. Correa, 29-Sept-2006; 2 Imm ♀ P. pulcher, Darien Province, P.N. Darien, Estancia Rancho Frio Pirre, Col. R. Canberra, A. Santos, R. Miranda, P. Gonzales, 3-17 October 2002 det. R. Gabriel; 1 Imm P. pulcher, Cocle Province, Sendero a Quebrada La Rana, El Cope, Coll. D. Correa, 15 agosto 2007. PMY specimens: 1 Imm P. rufus, Barro Colorado Island, cz., Coll. and det. A. Petrunkevitch, P. pulcher det. R. Gabriel 27/06/2011; 1 ♂ P. rufus, Barro Colorado Island, cz., Coll. and det. A. Petrunkevitch VIII-1938, P. pulcher det. R. Gabriel 27/06/2011; 1 ♂ P. rufus, Barro Colorado Island, cz., Coll. and det. A. Petrunkevitch VIII-1938, P. pulcher det. R. Gabriel 27/06/2011; 1 ♀ P. rufus, Barro Colorado Island, cz., Coll. and det. A. Petrunkevitch VIII-1938, P. pulcher det. R. Gabriel 27/06/2011.
