Ultrasound-Controlled Osteoarthritis Model in Rats Dragulyan M.V.
1,
Gulko T.P.
1,
Bubnov R.V.
2,
Irodov D.M.
1,
Pokholenko Ia.O.
1,
Kordium
1 V.A.
¹Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine, ² Clinical Hospital ”Pheophania“ of State Affairs Department, 21, Zabolotnogo Str., 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
[email protected]
INTRODUCTION AND AIM •Objectives •In the biological sciences, many studies using rat models are limited by the inability to gather anatomical and physiological information noninvasively in a longitudinal manner. Conventional destructive methods required to kill and open animal. Today imaging modalities were reported used for longitudinal monitoring of the osteoarthritis (OA) disease process in vivo, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, very high magnetic field MRI (up to 14T) should be used to study little objects. Ultrasound (US) besides the human could be succesfully used to study the structure of animal tissues, including small ones. Such equipment is available only in few research laboratories. •The aim of paper was to assess the capabilities of suggested OA model in rats using general US equipment. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The 6-8 month old male Wistar rat (weighing 350-465 g, n=20) were used in experiments. Animals were captures in facility with room temperature and inversed cycle of light-dark (12-12 hours), with free access to food and water. The intra-articular injection of solution of iodoacetic acid in saline 100 mkl (100 mg/ml) was performed through the patellar ligament of the right knee under US guidance. The control animals received the same volume of saline. US, clinical, xray, histological tests of the knee were performed on 3, 4, 14 days after the injection. Ultrasound scanning by linear 10-12 MHz tranceducer with Doppler techniques and sonoelastography was carried out. US scores were evaluated by two radiologist (US experts). US criteria of OA were documented as: articular gap, osteophytes, articular cartilage surfaces, functional tests etc.
Fig. 11,12.X-ray exam of rats with OA for 7 days after the administered iodine acetic acid.
Fig. 13-14. US exam of rat knee. Articular gaps, osteophytes, petrifications in soft tissue (arrow)
Fig. 15-16. US exam of rat knee. Joint efusion (arrow), cartilage deformation
Fig. 2. Clinical measurements Fig. 1. Anesthesia of rat
Fig. 3. US examinatio of rat knee
Pethological findings
Fig. 4-7. Normal knee joint ultrasonograms
Figures. Pathology exam of knee of rat. Photomicrograph of the medial head of the right (A) and left (B) knees of rat. Moderate degeneration of the cartilage of the medial head of the tibia is characterized by loss of chondrocytes, loss of proteoglycans (as evidenced by reduction of color (C, D) stained toluidine blue) for Bendele AM
CONCLUSION
Fig. 8-10. Different approaches to puncture rat knee joint (blind, US and X ray guided)
RESULTS •We obtained good ultrasound visualization of affected joints. Ultrasonography revealed articular gap distinguished over 0.1 mm, hydrarthrosis, osteophytes, deformation of cartilage surface, periarticular cysts, scarring tissue (Fig. 13-16). Clinical, X-ray, histological data of experimental OA progression were revealed after intra-articular injection of iodoacetic acind solution in rats during all time of observation with significant cartilage degeneration and beginning of the formation of osteophytes. US data sensitivity, specificity for the diagnosis of OA in rats were 92%, 86% respectively in first expert, 82 % and .80 % for second expert. RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2011
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US is a valuable tool for the in vivo identification for early lesions of OA and for monitoring the disease. However method is operator related, requires specialized training in musculo-sceletal US, particularly in small animals. The potential uses of this model include the evaluation of different agents that induce matrix regeneration and can influence on the inhibition of the formation of the osteophytes or promotion of their resorption. Preliminary results of model application allowed a possibility to test growth factors, stem cells for OA management.
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