Registration of 'Atlantic' Winter Barley

Published August 25, 2014

JOURNAL OF PLANT REGISTRATIONS

c u lt i va r

Registration of ‘Atlantic’ Winter Barley W. S. Brooks,* M. E. Vaughn, G. L. Berger, C. A. Griffey, W. E. Thomason, R. M. Pitman, S. Malla, J. E. Seago, D. W. Dunaway, E. G. Hokanson, H. D. Behl, B. R. Beahm, D. G. Schmale, N. McMaster, T. Hardiman, J. T. Custis, D. E. Starner, S. A. Gulick, S. R. Ashburn, E. H. Jones, Jr., D. S. Marshall, M. O. Fountain, T. D. Tuong, M. J. Kurantz, R. A. Moreau, and K. B. Hicks

W

ABSTRACT

inter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)is an inte-

gral component of double-cropping systems in the eastern United States due to its early maturity in comparison to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Browning, 2011; Camper et al., 1972). Production of both wheat and barley allows producers to extend the time available for planting and harvesting both crops and reduces the buildup of crop-specific pathogens. ‘Atlantic’ (Reg. No. CV-354, PI 665041) winter barley provides producers in the eastern United States with an early-maturing, powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal] resistant cultivar with better grain and end-use quality than the winter barley cultivars Price (PI 632708; Brooks et al., 2005a) and Callao (PI 592800; Price et al., 1996). Atlantic is a widely adapted, six-row, short-awned, short-statured winter barley with good winter hardiness, good straw strength, and high grain volume weight. In addition to good kernel physical characteristics, Atlantic has higher starch concentration than Price and Callao and higher protein concentration than the cultivar Thoroughbred (PI 634933; Brooks et al., 2005b). This combination of

‘Atlantic’ (Reg. No. CV-354, PI 665041), a six-row, hulled winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) tested as VA06B-19 by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in March 2011. Atlantic was derived from the cross VA97B-176/VA92-44-279 using a modified bulk-breeding method. It was evaluated in the Virginia Official Variety Trials from 2008 to 2013 in replicated tests at five to six locations. Atlantic’s average grain yield (5349 kg ha−1) was higher than the check cultivars Wysor, Callao, and Price and similar to Thoroughbred. Average grain volume weight of Atlantic (60.8 kg hL−1) was similar to the check cultivar Price and higher than Thoroughbred, Callao, and Wysor. Head emergence of Atlantic is 7 d earlier than Thoroughbred (the predominant barley cultivar grown in Virginia and the eastern United States) and similar to that of Callao. Earlier maturity is a primary factor determining whether barley or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is used in double-cropping systems with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Grain of Atlantic had an average starch concentration (56.5%) that was higher than Callao, similar to Price, but lower than Thoroughbred. Atlantic provides barley producers and end users in the eastern United States with a widely adapted, early-maturing winter barley cultivar that has good grain quality and is highly resistant to powdery mildew [caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E.O. Speer f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal] based on its performance in state and uniform winter barley yield trials.

W.S. Brooks, C.A. Griffey, W.E. Thomason, S. Malla, J.E. Seago, E.G. Hokanson, H.D. Behl, Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences Dep., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; M.E. Vaughn, R.M. Pitman, and D.W. Dunaway, Eastern Virginia Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Warsaw, VA 22572; G.L. Berger, Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Arkansas, Rice Research and Extension Center, Stuttgart, AR 72160; B.R. Beahm, Virginia Foundation Seed Stocks Farm, Mt. Holly, VA 22524; D.G. Schmale and N. McMaster, Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science Dep., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; T. Hardiman, Virginia Crop Improvement Association, Mechanicsville, VA 23116; J.T. Custis, Eastern Shore Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Painter, VA 23420; D.E. Starner and S.A. Gulick, Northern Piedmont Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Orange, VA 22960; S.R. Ashburn, Tidewater Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Holland, VA 23437; E.H. Jones, Jr., Southern Piedmont Agric. Res. and Ext. Ctr., Blackstone, VA 23824; D.S. Marshall, M.O. Fountain, and T.D. Tuong, USDA–ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695; M.J. Kurantz, R.A. Moreau, and K.B. Hicks, USDA–ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA 19038. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this article is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA–ARS is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Copyright © Crop Science Society of America. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Journal of Plant Registrations 8:236–241 (2014). doi: 10.3198/jpr2014.04.0019crc Received 4 Apr. 2014. Registration by CSSA. 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA *Corresponding author ([email protected])

Abbreviations: DON, deoxynivalenol; FHB, Fusarium head blight; IT, infection type; UBWHN, Uniform Barley Winter Hardiness Nursery; UWBYN, Uniform Winter Barley Yield Nursery; VCIA, Virginia Crop Improvement Association.

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kernel quality and grain compositional traits provides the feed and biofuel (ethanol and grain by-products) industries with a valuable feedstock (Hicks et al., 2011; Khatibi et al., 2011). Atlantic has exhibited good yield potential and also expressed a higher level of resistance to powdery mildew than the cultivar Thoroughbred. Barley as an alternative feed ingredient may reduce costs and increase profitability for growers and end users in the eastern United States in comparison to corn (Zea mays L.) (National Pork Board, 2008). The cultivar name Atlantic was selected because of its notable performance in one or more of the barley production regions in the mid-Atlantic region of the eastern United States. Atlantic provides barley producers in North Carolina, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia with a high-yielding, early-maturing cultivar with good grain quality and moderate to high levels of resistance to the prevalent diseases except for Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe).

Methods Parentage, Breeding History, and Line Selection Atlantic winter barley was derived from the cross VA97B-176/ VA92-44-279. Parentage of VA97B-176 is VA89-42-8/Callao (PI 592800). Parentage of VA89-42-8 is CIho 4979/‘Monroe’ (CIho 15691; Starling et al., 1980). The parental line VA92-44279 was derived from a composite of crosses, which consisted of CIho’s 9623, 9658, 9708, ‘Atlas’ (PI 599621)/‘Hanover’ (CIho13197; Starling et al., 1970) or ‘Rapidan’ (CIho14006; Starling et al., 1973)/4/‘Harrison’ (CI 10667; Caldwell et al., 1966)/3/‘Cebada Capa’ (PI539113)/‘Wong’ (PI 539117; Jensen, 1964b)//Awnleted selection of ‘Hudson’ (CIho 8067; Jensen, 1964a)/5/‘Barsoy’ (CI 11904; Finkner et al., 1968). The cross from which Atlantic was derived was made in spring 2000, and the F1 was grown in the field as a single 1.2-m headrow in 2001 to produce F2 seed. The population was advanced from the F2 to F4 generation using a modified bulk-breeding method. Barley spikes were selected from the population in each segregating generation (F2–F3) on the basis of absence of disease, early maturity, short straw, and desirable head type and size. Selected spikes were threshed in bulk, and the seed was planted in 20.9-m2 blocks at Warsaw and Blacksburg, VA, during the fall of each year. Spikes selected from the F4 bulk were threshed individually and planted in separate 1.2-m headrows at Warsaw. Atlantic was derived as a bulk of one of these F4:5 headrows, which was selected in 2005 and tested as entry 19 in nonreplicated observation yield tests at Blacksburg and Warsaw in 2006.

Evaluation in Replicated Yield Trials Atlantic, tested as VA06B-19, was evaluated in the Virginia Official Variety Trials at five to six locations from 2008 to 2013 (http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/category/grains.html). It was also evaluated in the regional USDA–ARS Uniform Winter Barley Yield Nursery (UWBYN) and the Uniform Barley Winter Hardiness Nursery (UBWHN) conducted across four to nine environments in each of 4 yr (2009–2013). The UWBYN trials were conducted at one or two locations per state (Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, Nebraska, Texas, and Virginia). 237

These trials were conducted using randomized complete block designs with two to four replications. Each cooperator used standard variety testing protocols and management practices recommended for their respective state. Plant traits assessed visually (e.g., straw strength) were rated using an ordinal scale from 0 (no visible symptoms) to 9 (severe symptoms). All replicated yield tests in Virginia were conducted according to protocols for small-grain production and management as recommended by Brann et al. (2000). Conventional-till yield plots in the Virginia Official Variety Trial were composed of seven rows with 17.8 cm between rows at Blackstone, Holland, Orange, and Painter, VA, and seven rows with 15.2 cm between rows at Warsaw and Blacksburg. The harvested plot length was 2.74 m at all locations. Tests were planted at 28 seeds per 0.304 m of row. Analysis of variance of agronomic performance data from the Virginia Official Variety Trial was conducted on data from individual locations and years and across locations and years, which is routinely performed in official variety trials, with SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute, 2011). Replications, genotypes, locations, and years were treated as fixed effects. Analysis of variance for the UWBYN data was conducted with Agrobase Generation II (ver. 16.2.1, Agronomix Software, 2004) with genotypes and locations treated as fixed effects. Mean comparisons of traits using a protected LSD (P = 0.05) test were made to identify significant differences among genotypes.

Evaluation of Disease Resistance In field tests, disease severity was rated using an ordinal scale from 0 (no visible symptoms) to 9 (severe symptoms), which is used predominantly in breeding programs (Poland and Nelson, 2011). Assessment of reaction to Fusarium head blight (FHB) was conducted in replicated, inoculated, and mist-irrigated nurseries according to the procedures described by Chen et al. (2006), Khatibi et al. (2012), and Berger et al. (2014). Reaction of seedlings to two races (race 8 and 30) and two isolates (ND89-3 and 3757) of leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei G. Otth.) and a field composite of powdery mildew was assessed in greenhouse tests (Berger et al., 2013). Ten to 14 d following inoculation, primary and secondary leaves were rated using the 0 to 4 scale described by Levine and Cherewick (1952), where infection types (IT) 0 to 2 denote resistance and 3 to 4 denote susceptibility.

Evaluation of Grain Composition Traits Compositional analyses of grain samples from barley lines grown in the 2010 to 2012 crop seasons at Warsaw were conducted by the USDA–ARS Eastern Regional Research Center according to the procedures described in Griffey et al. (2010), in which, starch concentration of barley flour was assessed using AACC approved method 32-32 and AOAC approved method 46-30 (AACC International, 2000; AOAC International, 2000). Protein concentration of barley flour samples was determined in accordance with standard approved AACC methods 990.03 and 46-30 (AACC International, 2000; AOAC International, 2000). Barley b-glucan concentration was analyzed using ICC standard method 168 (ICC International, 2008). Fat concentration of the grain was estimated based on the procedure described by Moreau et al. (2003). Ash concentration was determined in accordance with AACC approved method Journal of Plant Registrations

08-01 (AACC International, 2000). In all cases, results are reported on a dry weight basis.

Seed Purification and Increase During fall 2009, an initial source of Atlantic breeder seed was developed via removal of visible variant plants from a 0.2-ha F11 increase strip sown at the Virginia Crop Improvement Association’s (VCIA) Foundation Seed Farm at Mount Holly, VA. This increase strip produced about 28 units (22.7 kg units-1) of initial foundation seed. This seed was sown on 4.9 ha at the VCIA Foundation Seed Farm during fall 2010 and produced about 1150 units of Atlantic foundation seed that was available for distribution to seed dealers and producers in fall 2011 as registered or certified seed. During the 2010–2011 growing season, a purer source of Atlantic breeder seed was developed from 400 F4:9 headrows of Atlantic that were planted in an isolation block and evaluated for purity and trueness of type. Variant headrows were removed before harvest, and the remaining rows that were similar in phenotype and visually homogenous were harvested in bulk and advanced as a purer source of breeder seed.

Characteristics Botanical and Agronomic Characteristics Data presented here (Table 1 and 2) are means over years and locations from the 2008 to 2013 Virginia Official Variety Trials and means over locations from the 2009 to 2013 UWBYN (USDA–ARS, 2009–2013). Juvenile plant growth of Atlantic is semiprostrate, flag leaves are slightly waxy and upright at the booting stage, leaf sheaths and stems are slightly waxy, and anthocyanin is not present in leaves or stems. The stems have five nodes, closed collars, “straight”-shaped necks, and a 10- to 15-cm exertion above the base of the flag leaf blade. The six-row spikes of Atlantic are lax, strap, and slightly waxy with no overlapping lateral kernels. The rachis is covered with short hairs. Glumes are midlong, with short hairs, and their awns are smooth and shorter than the glumes. The lemma awns are rough and short on central rows and awnless on lateral rows. The basal marking of the lemma is a depression. Rachilla hairs are long. Kernels are covered and midlong to long with a colorless aleurone and lack hairs on the ventral furrow.

In Virginia (Table 1), the average time of spike emergence of Atlantic (106 d) is similar to that of cultivar Callao and 7 d earlier than Thoroughbred. In the UWBYN, spike emergence of Atlantic varied from 93 to 117 d (Table 2). Average plant height of Atlantic (82 cm) in Virginia is similar to that of Price, 3 cm taller than Callao and 7 cm shorter than Thoroughbred, while plant height of Atlantic in the UWBYN varied from 76 to 84 cm. In Virginia, Atlantic’s straw strength (4.7 on a 0–9 scale where 0 = no lodging, 9 = completely lodged) is better than that of Callao (5.9), while it varied from 2.9 to 5.2 in the UWBYN. On the basis of data (Table 2) from 29 environments in the 2009 to 2013 UBWHN (USDA–ARS, 2009–2013), the mean winter hardiness (0–100% survival) of Atlantic varied from 56 to 73% compared with means from 43 to 88% for the check cultivar Kentucky1 (CIho 6050). The 5-yr winter survival of Atlantic was 67.2% versus 69.8% for Kentucky1, 62.7% for ‘Tennessee Winter’ (PI 11193, CIho 257), and 32.0% for the winter-tender check cultivar Trebi (PI 537442, CIho 936; Wiebe, 1965). Complete data for UBWHN is available at USDA–ARS (2009–2013).

Field Performance In Virginia, the 6-yr (2008–2013) average grain yield of Atlantic (5349 kg ha -1) was similar to that of Thoroughbred (Table 1). Grain yields of Atlantic were higher than those of Callao, Price, and Wysor (PI 501526; Starling et al., 1987). The average grain volume weight of Atlantic (60.8 kg hL -1) was higher than that of the check cultivars Thoroughbred, Callao, and Wysor. In the UWBYN (Table 2), mean grain yields of Atlantic varied from 4977 to 6122 kg ha -1 and were similar to those of Thoroughbred in 4 (2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013) of 5 yr and higher than Wysor in all 5 yr. Average grain volume weights of Atlantic varied from 61.0 to 65.0 kg hL -1, which were similar to those of Thoroughbred but higher than those of Wysor in all 5 yr.

Disease Resistance In field trials, reaction of Atlantic to diseases (0 = no disease to 9 = severe infection) evaluated across diverse environments is shown in Table 1 and 2. Atlantic is resistant to powdery mildew and moderately resistant to leaf rust and net blotch (caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Smedeg.). On average, Atlantic had leaf rust ratings that varied from 3.0 to 5.5,

Table 1. Agronomic performance and disease reaction of Atlantic barley and four check cultivars in the Virginia Official Variety Trial, 2008–2013. Cultivar Atlantic Thoroughbred Callao Price Wysor Average (n = 9) CV (%) LSD (0.05) Environments

Grain yield

Volume weight

Days to heading

Plant height

Straw strength

kg ha-1 5349 5468 5132 4961 4771 5074 12 156 33

kg hL-1 60.77 59.98 60.10 60.56 57.42 59.40 3.46 0.52 33

d 106 113 106 109 109 108 1 0.39 15

cm 82 89 79 83 97 90 4.9 1.4 18

0–9† 4.7 3.5 5.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 36.4 0.4 32

Leaf rust

Powdery mildew

Net blotch

Barley yellow dwarf virus

—————————— 0–9‡ —————————— 3.2 0.3 3.4 0.0 6.0 5.0 2.6 1.0 3.4 0.2 2.8 0.0 3.5 0.5 6.2 0.0 5.4 0.1 3.8 0.0 4.1 1.0 3.7 1.3 24.6 81.1 25.9 94.2 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.0 13 14 15 1

† 0 = no lodging; 9 = completely lodged. ‡ 0 = highly resistant; 9 = highly susceptible.

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compared with average scores of 4.0 to 8.7 for the susceptible cultivar Wysor, which has gene Rph7. Atlantic is resistant (0.2 to 2.8) to powdery mildew compared with Thoroughbred (5.9 to 7.5) and moderately resistant to net blotch (2.4 to 5.2) compared with cultivar Tambar 501 (4.9 to 6.6) based on data from the UWBYN. In inoculated and mist-irrigated FHB

field tests, composed of replicated yield plots, Atlantic has expressed moderate susceptibility to FHB and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. The mean reactions of Atlantic to FHB evaluated at locations in Mount Holly and Blacksburg from 2010 through 2013 are shown in Table 3. Atlantic had mean FHB values for incidence of 58%, severity of 20%, and

Table 2. Agronomic performance of Atlantic barley and check cultivars evaluated in the Uniform Winter Barley Yield and Winter Hardiness Nursery (UBWHN) from 2009 to 2013 (USDA–ARS).† Cultivar

Grain yield

Volume weight

Days to heading

kg ha-1

kg hL-1

d

Atlantic Thoroughbred Wysor Perkins Grand mean (all lines) CV (%) LSD (0.05) No. of locations

5192 5235 4483 3988 4418 11 630 5

60.9 60.3 57.7 58.5 65.1 3.4 2.8 5

106 111 108 113 109 1.0 1.8 5

Atlantic Thoroughbred Wysor Perkins Grand mean (all lines) CV (%) LSD (0.05) No. of locations

4977 5101 4236 4209 4314 18 828 7

64.9 63.9 59.5 64.3 67.8 3.3 2.2 8

105 111 110 115 110 2.0 2.5 5

Atlantic Thoroughbred TAMBAR 501 Wysor Grand mean (all lines) CV (%) LSD (0.05) No. of locations

6122 5789 5160 4891 5175 14 595 8

62.7 61.5 55.3 58.7 67.0 3.9 2.3 7

112 117 115 114 116 1.5 1.9 5

Atlantic Thoroughbred Wysor TAMBAR 501 Grand mean (all lines) CV (%) LSD (0.05) No. of locations

5800 6289 5348 5192 5185 13 591 7

62.6 62.8 58.9 58.7 65.7 6.9 4.3 6

93 98 94 96 95 2.1 1.9 6

Atlantic TAMBAR 501 Thoroughbred Wysor Grand mean (all lines) CV (%) LSD (0.05) No. of locations

5671 5784 5606 5278 5054 15 595 9

60.7 54.4 59.9 56.6 63.4 3.4 1.8 8

117 121 124 120 122 1.5 2.2 4

Plant height cm 2009 81 81 91 91 85 8.0 7.6 6 2010 76 76 86 89 80 6.0 6.0 5 2011 77 84 90 94 84 5.2 4.2 6 2012 80 84 90 92 84 6.0 4.2 7 2013 84 99 90 99 91 6.1 4.6 8

Straw strength

Leaf rust

Powdery mildew

Net blotch

—————————— 0–9‡ ——————————

Winter survival (UBWHN) %

4.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 4.2 40.0 2.0 6

5.3 6.3 6.7 6.3 5.1 19.0 1.0 1

0.2 5.9 0.0 2.3 1.8 72.9 1.9 3

4.1 3.8 3.2 4.2 3.8 35.7 1.6 4

73.0 – – – 70.0 4.5 6.4 8

5.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.2 25.0 2.0 5

5.0 7.5 8.2 4.7 5.7 – – 2

– – – – – – – –

3.7 2.3 3.3 2.7 3.5 16.0 0.8 1

56.2 – – – 62.8 9.0 10.9 6

2.9 2.3 4.7 3.1 3.3 45.8 1.3 7

5.0 8.7 3.7 8.7 6.2 14.7 1.3 1

2.8 7.5 5.0 0.5 3.8 24.3 1.6 2

3.6 2.4 5.9 4.4 3.4 44.0 2.1 3

69.0 – – – 68.0 9.0 13.0 5

5.2 2.7 4.2 3.6 4.0 41.3 1.6 6

3.0 4.8 4.0 1.0 2.7 39.5 1.8 2

0.2 6.9 0.0 3.2 2.9 54.6 2.8 2

2.4 2.5 3.0 4.9 3.2 57.6 3.2 2

68.0 – – – 77.0 6.0 9.4 6

4.9 5.4 4.0 5.5 4.6 40.8 1.7 7

5.5 1.3 7.7 8.0 4.5 21.6 1.7 2

1.4 6.0 7.0 0.5 4.0 30.0 2.0 2

5.2 6.6 4.7 4.2 4.1 44.5 2.6 3

70.0 – – – 78.0 4.6 7.7 4

† Complete data available at USDA–ARS (2009–2013). ‡Straw strength and reaction to plant diseases: 0 = highly resistant, 9 = highly susceptible.

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Table 3. Four-year average summary of reaction of entries in the Virginia Tech State Barley Tests to Fusarium head blight (scab) (FHB), 2010- 2013 harvests. Cultivar

FHB incidence†

FHB severity‡

———————— % ———————— 58 20 37 8 40 6 58 11 44 13 45 12 46 11 31 68 15 8

Atlantic Nomini Wysor Callao Thoroughbred Price Mean(n = 30) CV (%) LSD (0.05)

FHB index§

DON¶

0–100 13 3 3 8 7 7 7 88 6

mg kg-1 29 9 24 17 33 31 22 35 15

† FHB incidence = (number of infected spikes/total number of spikes) × 100. ‡ FHB severity = (number of infected spikelets/total number of spikelets) × 100. § FHB index = (% incidence × % severity)/100. ¶ DON = deoxynivalenol content in harvested seed samples (2012 and 2013 from Mount Holly, VA).

index (0–100) of 13 and DON concentration of 29 mg kg-1, similar to cultivars Callao (except for FHB severity) and Price but significantly higher than those of the resistant cultivar Nomini. In seedling leaf rust tests (data not presented), Atlantic was moderately resistant (IT = 2) to P. hordei isolate 3757 and race 8 (IT = 2) but moderately susceptible (IT = 2–3) to race 30 and susceptible (IT = 3–4) to isolate ND89-3, compared with average scores of 4 for the universal susceptible check cultivar Barsoy (CIho 11904; Finkner et al., 1968). The virulence/ avirulence formulae for these P. hordei pathotypes include: isolate 3757 (genes Rph1.a, 2, 3.c, 4, 2+6, 7, 8, 9i, 10, 11/Rph5, 9.z, 14.ab and 15.ad); race 8 (Rph 1.a, 4.d, 8.h, 10.o, 11.p/Rph 2, 3.c, 5.e, 6.f, 7, 9.i, 9.z, 13.x, 14.ab, 15.ad); race 30 (Rph 1.a, 2, 4.d, 6.f, 7, 8.h, 11.p/Rph 3.c, 5, 9.i, 9.z, 10.o, 13.x, 14.ab, 15.ad); and isolate ND89-3 (Rph 1.a, 2, 4.d, 5.e, 6.f, 7.g, 8.h, 10.o, 11.p/Rph 3.c). Seedlings of Atlantic also were highly resistant (IT = 0–1) to a B. graminis field composite of powdery mildew compared with those of Thoroughbred (IT = 3–4).

Average protein concentration of Atlantic (10.03%) was similar to Thoroughbred and Price but lower than that of Callao. Average b-glucan concentration of Atlantic (4.2%) was similar to that of Thoroughbred, Price, and Callao. The ash concentration of Atlantic (2.41%) was similar to those of the check cultivars. The crude fat content of Atlantic (2.17%) was similar to those of Thoroughbred and Callao but higher than that of Price.

End-Use Quality

Atlantic was developed with financial support from the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, the Virginia Small Grains Board, the Maryland Grain Producers Utilization Board, and the Kentucky Small Grains Grower Association. This material is based on work supported by the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative and the U.S. Department of Agriculture under Agreement No. 59-0790-4-102.

Compositional analysis of grain from barley samples from 2010 to 2012 crops (Table 4) were analyzed for starch, protein, b-glucan, ash, and crude fat concentration. Average starch concentration of Atlantic (56.5%) was similar to the hulled check cultivars (Thoroughbred, Callao, and Price).

Availability The VCIA will be responsible for distribution of Atlantic foundation seed through the Foundation Seed Farm at Mount Holly, VA. Small amounts of seed are available from the corresponding author for research purposes. Atlantic has been deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System and will be available for distribution after five years from the date of this publication.

Acknowledgments

Table 4. Three-year (2010–2012 crops) summary of grain composition of Atlantic barley and three check cultivars performed by the USDA–ARS.† Cultivar

Atlantic Thoroughbred Price Callao Mean Max. Min. SD

Moisture Ground sample

Starch

Protein

Beta glucan

Ash

Crude fat

—————————————————————————— %‡ —————————————————————————— 10.7 56.5 10.0 4.2 2.4 2.2 10.7 59.8 9.5 3.9 2.3 1.9 10.6 54.7 10.4 4.0 2.6 1.6 10.5 53.7 11.5 4.5 2.5 1.8 11.1 57.7 10.8 4.4 2.3 1.9 12.4 63.9 12.3 5.0 2.6 2.2 10.5 52.2 9.5 3.9 1.8 1.6 1.4 3.3 0.9 0.4 0.2 0.4

† Data provided by USDA–ARS Eastern Regional Eastern Regional Research Center, PA 19038. ‡ Percentage determined on a dry-weight basis.


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