British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 9(7): 1-12, 2015, Article no.BJMMR.14777 ISSN: 2231-0614
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Relationship between Blood Pressure, Blood Glucose and Body Mass Index and Coexisting Prehypertension and Prediabetes among Rural Adults in Niger Delta Region, Nigeria A. Nwafor1*, F. C. Mmom2, O. Obia1, C. Obiandu1, V. O. Hart1 and B. C. Chinko1 1
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching, Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions
This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author AN designed the study, wrote the protocol, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors VOH and BCC managed the literature searches, analyses of the study performed the body mass index, blood pressure and blood glucose analysis and Authors FCM, OO and CO managed the experimental process and author FCM identified the pathophysiology. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BJMMR/2015/14777 Editor(s): (1) Gaetano Santulli, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA. (2) Ricardo Forastiero, Professor of Physiology and Internal Medicine, Haematology, Favaloro University, Argentina. (3) Jimmy T. Efird, Department of Public Health, Director of Epidemiology and Outcomes Research East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina, USA. Reviewers: (1) Anonymous, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, India. (2) Anonymous, Devi Ahilya University, India. (3) Anonymous, University G. D’Annunzio, Italy. (4) Anonymous, Université de Montréal, Canada. (5) Anonymous, Central Michigan University, U.S.A. (6) Anonymous, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Greece. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/10055
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Original Research Article
Received 21 October 2014 Accepted 24th June 2015 th Published 6 July 2015
ABSTRACT The incidence of hypertension, diabetes and overweight-obese are emerging health problems, which are increasingly prevalent globally. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and the relationship between blood pressure, blood glucose and body mass index, and the tendency of developing prehypertension and pre-diabetes in rural adults in the Niger Delta _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ *Corresponding author: Email:
[email protected];
Nwafor et al.; BJMMR, 9(7): 1-12, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.14777
region. A cross-sectional, population-based descriptive design was used. A total sample of 250 subjects aged 20 years and older, that had resided continually in the order of 10 years and above, in the oil and gas extraction environments, were recruited. While body mass index was calculated using internationally accepted standard methods, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose level were recorded also by standard methods, classified and correlated. One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used for comparisons between groups. Result showed that although blood pressure and blood glucose measurements increase with age, males had higher prevalence of high blood pressure and raised blood glucose compared with females (p0.05). In total, overweight coexisted among 14% of participants with normal blood glucose, 19.6% pre-diabetes, 7.6% diabetes, 24% normotensive, 15.4% prehypertensive and 1.8% hypertensive. Pre-diabetes coexisted among 9.8% normotensive and prehypertensive respectively, while 0.2% normotensive, 5.6% pre-hypertensive, and 18.2% hypertensive had combined diabetes. About 16.4% had both combined diabetes and obesity, and hypertension and obesity. Overall, 19.5% had combined hypertension, obesity and diabetes. In total, the prevalence of obesity was 16.4%, hypertension 18.2%, and diabetes 24.0%. The prevalence of coexisting prehypertension and pre-diabetes, pre-non-communicable and main noncommunicable diseases was 17.5%, 21.3%, and 23.7% respectively. Data analysis revealed positive and linear correlation and statistically significantly different (p
