RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FISH LENGTH AND OTOLITH LENGTH

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The relationships between otolith dimensions and fish size (Fish total and fork lengths) for the teleost species, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) collected ...
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