Herring gull (Egg), Toronto Harbour, Canada. [84]*. ⢠Tawny Owl (egg), Trondheim, Norway. [11]*. ⢠Peregrine falcon (egg), Sweden,. NaÆonwide [12]*.
Additional file 8
Reported time trends
Supplementary information to What is the effect of phasing out long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on the concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids and their precursors in the environment? A systematic review Magnus Land1)*, Cynthia A. de Wit2), Anders Bignert3), Ian T. Cousins2), Dorte Herzke4), Jana H. Johansson2), Jonathan W. Martin2, 5)
1) Mistra
EviEM, Stockholm Environment Institute, Box 24218, SE-104 51 Stockholm, Sweden
2) Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 3)
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
4)
Norwegian Inst Air Res, FRAM High North Res Ctr Climate & Environm, Tromso, Norway
Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 2G3
5)
*Corresponding
author
1
Reading instructions for figures in this supplementary information The figures in this supplementary material show reported time trends for PFASs in human and environmental samples. The figures are in principle constructed the same way as in Additional file 7: Re-analysed time series (see page 2-3 in Additional file 7 for details). However, one important difference is that the power to detect a trend rarely is reported, and the power to detect a trend is therefore not indicated in the figures shown here. This supplementary information contains also another type of diagram, showing reported differences in concentrations between two consecutive study periods (se example figure below). For example, in dataset A the first study period was 2002-2003 and the second study period was 2010-2012. There was no statistically significant difference in PFHxS concentrations between the two study periods. Dataset B contains concentration values for three different periods (1999-2000, 20052006, and 2007-2008). The concentrations during the second study period was significantly lower (20%) than the first period, and the concentrations during third period was significantly higher (35%) than during the second period.
A
B
Example figure. Panel a) shows study periods and indications of relative differences between consecutive periods. Panel b) shows differences between consecutive periods in %.
2
List of Figures Figure 1.
PFBS trends in all samples
Figure 2.
PFBS differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 3.
PFHxS in human samples
Figure 4.
PFHxS in biological (non-human) and abiotic samples
Figure 5.
PFHxS differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 6.
PFOS in human samples
Figure 7.
PFOS in terrestrial and freshwater samples
Figure 8.
PFOS in coastal and marine mammals
Figure 9.
PFOS in coastal and marine biological samples
Figure 10.
PFOS in abiotic samples
Figure 11.
PFOS differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 12.
PFDS in all samples
Figure 13.
PFDS differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 14.
PFHpS in all samples
Figure 15.
PFHpS differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 16.
PFOA in human samples
Figure 17.
PFOA in biological (non-human) and abiotic samples
Figure 18.
PFOA differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 19.
PFNA in human samples
Figure 20.
PFNA in terrestrial and freshwater samples
Figure 21.
PFNA in biological (non-human) and abiotic samples
Figure 22.
PFNA differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 23.
PFDA in human samples
Figure 24.
PFDA in terrestrial and freshwater samples
Figure 25.
PFDA in biological (non-human) and abiotic samples
Figure 26.
PFDA differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 27.
PFUnDA in human samples
Figure 28.
PFUnDA in terrestrial and freshwater samples
Figure 29.
PFUnDA in biological (non-human) and abiotic samples
Figure 30.
PFUnDA differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 31.
PFDoDA in human samples
Figure 32.
PFDoDA in biological (non-human) and abiotic samples
Figure 33.
PFDoDA differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 34.
PFTrDA in human samples
Figure 35.
PFTrDA in biological (non-human) and abiotic samples
Figure 36.
PFTrDA differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 37.
PFTeDA in all samples
Figure 38.
PFTeDA differences between time periods in all samples
Figure 39.
PFOSA in all samples
Figure 40.
PFOSA differences between time periods in all samples
3
PFBS Increasing
a) InsigniĮcant
Decreasing
b)
Change-point
• Blood serum (F, 19-41), Uppsala, Sweden [62]* • Blood serum (F, 19-42), Uppsala, Sweden [85]* • Harbor Seal (F+M, 1 yr), Sweden, NaƟonwide [99]* 1970
1980
1990 Year
2000
2010
-10
0
Annual change (%)
Figure 3. Reported time trends for PFHxS in human and food samples. a) Study period and direction of trend. b) Magnitude of annual change. Where data is missing in panel b) the authors reported only direction and statistical significance of the trend. For further details please see page 2.
Back to list
10
PFHxS Increasing
a) InsigniĮcant
Decreasing
b)
Change-point
• OƩer (F+M, Juvenile to adult), Southern, Sweden [125]* Herring gull (Egg), Agawa Rocks, Canada [84]* Herring gull (Egg), Gull Island, Canada [84]* Herring gull (Egg), Chantry Island, Canada [84]* Herring gull (Egg), FighƟng Island, Canada [84]* Herring gull (Egg), Niagara River, Canada [84]* Herring gull (Egg), Toronto Harbour, Canada [84]* • Tawny Owl (egg), Trondheim, Norway [11]* • Peregrine falcon (egg), Sweden, NaƟonwide [12]* Bald Eagle (F+M, 5-9 weeks), MulƟple, USA [127]* • Polar Bear (F+M?,
