RESEARCH ARTICLE
A Comparative Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Brihatpanchamoola kwatha Prepared from Root Bark and Stem Bark Manish
Vyas 1*,
Ashok B
K1 ,
B
Ravishankar 2,
BJ
Patgiri1,
PK
Prajapati1
Abstracts: The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare anti-inflammatory activity of Brihatpanchamoola Kwatha prepared by root bark and stem bark of Brihatpanchamoola in Carrageenan induced paw oedema model. Wister strain albino rats of either sex were selected and divided in to four groups of 6 animals each. The test drug was administered orally at a dose of 9 ml/kg body weight of rat. Phenylbutazone was used as standard anti-inflammatory drug for comparison. Both the samples of Brihatpanchamoola Kwatha have shown inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema, however significant inhibition was observed only in stem bark sample treated group. This study shows that Brihatpanchamoola Kwatha prepared from stem bark samples have significant antiinflammatory activity. Hence it can be preferred in the non-availability of root samples. Key Words: Brihatpanchamoola, Anti-inflammatory, Kwatha, paw-oedema, Carrageenan.
INTRODUCTION Dashamoola is a unique contribution of our ancient seers. It is indeed an excellent combination of Brihatpanchamoola and Laghupanchamoola with a multi dimensional action1. This can be seen not only from its potency but also wide spread acceptance. However with the process of standardization of single herbal drug, has brought controversy of genuineness of the drug. Availability in large quantity to necessitate ever-increasing demands in recent years is also a matter of concern. Taking root for medicinal purpose renders the plant useless for its further use as it may become fatal to it. In such conditions, scarcity of genuine drug further hampers its usage. Brihatpanchamoola, as name suggests is a combination of five roots, namely Bilva [Aegle marmelos Carr. (Fam. Rutaceae)], Agnimantha [Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn. (Fam. Verbenaceae)], Shyonaka [Oroxylum indicum Vent. (Fam. Bignoniaceae)], Gambhari [Gmelina arborea Roxb. (Fam. Verbenaceae)], Patala [Stereospermum suaveolens DC. (Fam. Bignoniaceae)]2 in equal proportion. Brihatpanchamoola is an anti-inflammatory and effective in bronchitis, cough, headache and digestive problems2. However owing to the shortage of genuine drug and ever increasing demands in market, it becomes necessary to search an alternative with equal efficacy without compromising the source. Hence, stem barks of the same species are being used in the present scenario and for establishing the rationality of its usage. Kwatha Kalpana is widely accepted for therapeutic purposes due to feasibility in preparation and convenience in administration. Moreover, Brihatpanchamoola 1Institute
for Post Graduate Teaching & Research in Ayurveda, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar - 361 008, Gujarat, India. E-mail:
[email protected] *Corresponding author
2SDM
College of Ayurveda, Laxminarayana Nagar, Kuthpady, Udupi-574118, Karnataka. India.
Inventi Rapid: Ethnopharmacology Vol. 2011, Issue 2 [ISSN 0976-3805]
is generally administered in the form of Kwatha to treat various diseases. Therefore, in the present study, Kwatha of Brihatpanchamoola prepared from root and stem bark have been selected and subjected to comparative anti-inflammatory activity to know whether stem bark is having similar properties of that root bark or not.
MATERIAL AND METHODS Test Drug The root bark and stem bark samples of all five drugs mentioned above were collected from the Dang forest, Gujarat and were subjected to pharmacognostical studies in order to evaluate the genuinity. From the raw materials, two samples of brihatpanchamoola Kwatha were prepared viz. one from root (RK) and other from stem bark (SK) by following the classical guidelines3 in the department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana of the institute. Animals Wistar strain rats of either sex weighing 200 ± 20g are used for experimental study. The animals were obtained from the animal house attached to the pharmacology laboratory of I.P.G.T. & R.A. They were housed in large spacious polypropylene cages and fed with Amrut brand rat pellet feed supplied by Pranav Agro Industries and tap water given ad libitum. The animals were acclimatized for at least one week in lab conditions before the commencement of experiment in standard laboratory conditions 12 ± 01 hour day and night rhythm, maintained at 25 ± 3oC and 40 to 60 % humidity. Before the test, the animals were fasted for at least 12 hours. Institutional animal ethics committee had approved the experimental protocol (Approval number; IAEC 04/08-10/M.Ph.05)
Dose Selection Dose of the test formulations for the animals was calculated by extrapolating the human dose (96 ml/day) to animals (9 ml/kg) based on the body surface area ratio by referring to the standard table of Paget and Barnes (1964)4. The test formulation administered
orally at a volume of 0.09 ml/10g body weight with the help of gastric catheter of suitable size sleeved on to a syringe nozzle.
Experimental Design The selected animals were divided into four groups of six animals each. Group I received tap water and served as control. The calculated dose of test formulations RK and SK were administered to the groups II and III respectively. Fourth group was administered with standard anti-inflammatory drug phenylbutazone (Wilson Laboratories, Mumbai) in the dose of 100mg/kg. The antiinflammatory activity (Carrageenan induced paw oedema) was carried out by following method of Winter et al. (1962)5. The test drugs were administered for five consecutive days, while phenylbutazone was administered as single dose one hour before carrageenan injection. Initially left hind paw volumes up to the tibio-tarsal articulation were recorded prior to Carrageenan injection by using plethysmograph6. The plethysmograph employed, consisted of 10 ml glass vessel (25mm × 65mm) fixed to 2 ml glass syringe through pressure tubing. About 4 ml of Mercury was filled in the syringe and the mercury level was adjusted to zero mark on the micropipette. The space between the zero mark and the fixed mark on the glass vessel was filled with water and few drops of teepol. The initial level of fluid was adjusted and set at zero. The paw was immersed in water exactly up to the tibio-tarsal articulation. The increased level of water in the glass vessel was adjusted to the prefixed mark by releasing the pressure of the connected syringe. The level where water and mercury interface in the micropipette was recorded as paw volume. On fifth day one hour after drug administration oedema was produced by injecting 0.1 ml freshly prepared 1% carrageenan in sterile saline solution to the sub-plantar aponeurosis of the left hind limb. The rats were administered tap water in the dose of 2 ml per 100 g body weight to ensure uniform hydration and hence to minimize variations in oedema formation. Paw volume was recorded three hour after carrageenan injection. Results were expressed as an increase in paw volume in comparison to the initial paw volumes and also in comparison with control group. Statistical Analysis Students "t" test for unpaired data has been used for analyzing the data generated during the study. A ' P ' value less than 0.05 is considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS The result shows (Table - 1) that an apparent inhibition in paw oedema was observed in both the samples of Brihat Panchamoola Kwatha treated groups in comparison to control group, however only the observed inhibition in Brihat Panchamoola Kwatha 2011ep383, CCC: $10 © Inventi Journals (P) Ltd Published on Web 11/05/2011, www.inventi.in
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Table 1 : Effect on carrageenan induced paw edema Treatment Increase in % of paw oedema after 3 hrs. Control 90.16 ± 01.77 RK 77.22 ± 06.29 SK 71.62 ± 06.28* Phenylbutazone 14.94 ± 04.03*** Data: Mean ± SEM,
*P
