researches about the biodiversity of the ...

Analele Universităţii din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru Vol. XL/2 2010

CERCETĂRI PRIVIND BIODIVERSITATEA MACROLEPIDOPTERELOR DIN REZERVAŢIA NATURALĂ PĂDUREA DE STEJAR “DUMBRAVA SIBIULUI” ÎN PERIOADA 2000-2010 RESEARCHES ABOUT THE BIODIVERSITY OF THE MACROLEPIDOPTERA SPECIES IN THE OAK FOREST ECOSYSTEMS NATURAL RESERVATION “PADUREA DUMBRAVA SIBIULUI” DURING THE PERIOD 2000-2010 CRISTINA STANCĂ-MOISE University “Lucian Blaga” of Sibiu Key words: Macrolepidoptera, “Dumbrava Sibiului” Natural Rezervation

REZUMAT În lucrarea de faţă este prezentat un studiu complex asupra biodiversităţii Macrolepidopterelor din pădurea de stejar “Dumbrava Sibiului”. Sunt prezentate toate speciile colectate pe parcursul mai multor ani din acest areal. Speciile colectate personal au fost comparate cu speciile de Lepidoptere existente în colecţiile naturaliştilor si din cadrul Muzeului de Istorie Naturală din Sibiu. ABSTRACT The present work is a part of a complet study concerning of Macrolepidoptera from the forest “Dumbrava Sibiului” in the Sibiu county. They are presented only the species found by myself for the frist time from this area. I mention that these species were not found by me in the five collections of Lepidoptetra studied by me and preserved at the Natural Hystory Museum in Sibiu. INTRODUCTION The classification of Lepidoptera in useful, useless and indifferent species from economical point of view, emphasizes the fact that only about 10 species from the total are useful-in a strict meaning in the World and only 150-200 species produce important damages in the agriculture and forestry. By comparison all this very small numbers with the of 150.000 species Known in the World till now, on can see that the importance of Lepidoptera is not at all negligible. In the present paper, there is pointed out the importance of this insects order in the Oak Forest Ecosystem, Natural Reservation “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului”.


MATERIAL AND METHOD In this paper is presented the processing of the personal collecting data in the period 2000-2010, the theoretical data existing in bibliography, and also in the museal collections: Dr. Daniel Czekelius, Dr. Eugen Worell, Victor Weindel, Henrich Hann von Annenheimer and Rolf Weyreuch. collections preserved at the Natural History Museum in Sibiu. The studied species were collected during a period of more than 100 years, in the XIX-XX centuries. Imention only the material collected strictly in the Oak Forest Ecosystem, Natural Reservation “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului”. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The importance of the Lepidoptera in general, and also of the species studied in “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului”, consists in the fact that they feed (nourish) with nectar of flowers, being well know their unguestinable contribution to pollinate the plants with flowers in the spontaneous flora and also cultivated flora. The nectar of the flowers with a long and deep corolla is accessible anly to Lepidoptera with oral apparatus turned into a very long proboscis. The polenization of these species of plants is in a close correlation and in some cases also the adults of Lepidoptera are consumed by birds, being their food. In the period of the excessive increase (multiplication) of the populations, mainly by the pest species in the favorable years, the birds contribute in a considerable measure to the limitation of these populations. Excreta and larvas of Lepidoptera contribute to the bettering of the soil quality, mainly in the forest, like the zone of study, but also around the isololated trees. Larvas of Lepidoptera feed with the rotten wood or with other organic substances, in this wary thay speed up the return of the component elements in the circuit of matter in the nature. In all the studies of development, the Lepidoptera are used as an experimental material in the biological researches. In this category are also data included in my Ph.D. Thesis (Moise, 2002). The collecting of butterflies was not only a preoccupation pure scientific of the Museums and the Natural Sciences Institutions but become a passion for many amateurs, some of them were remarked in the Lepidopterology field. As a result of the remarked in the Lepidopterology field. As a result of the increasing necessities in some counties appeared a commercial branch, which deals with the secure of the scientifical material from all over the World, appearing true Butterflies markets stocks. In oder to emphasize (to underline) the importance of Macrolepidoptera in “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului” I studied the evolution, the structure and their dyramicn along the time, I presente all the species quateted till the present in this aria, the collecting from the last century and the present day also. In Table 1 are presented data about systematic framing in: 7 Superfamilies, 18 Families, 29 Underfamilies of Macrolepidoptera quateted up to the present in the “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului”, personal collection or quatetions from the other collections preserved in the Natural History Museum in Sibiu. In the Table 1 are presented every Superfamily with correspondent Families and Under families, and in the Table 2, number of Genuses and Species. In the same time these results are presented in percent, in the graphics on the Drawings VIII, XIV.


Table 1 THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE MACROLEPODOPTERA FAMILIES IN “PĂDUREA DUMBRAVA SIBIULUI” SUPERFAMILIES BOMBYCOIDEA

FAMILY LASIOCAMPIDAE LEMONIIDAE SATURNIIDAE DREPANIIDAE THYATIRIDAE

GEOMETROIDEA

GEOMETRIDAE

SPHINGOIDEA NOTODONTOIDEA

SPHINGIDAE NOTODONTIDAE LYMANTRIIDAE ARCTIIDAE CHENUCHIDAE

NOCTUOIDEA NOCTUIDAE

HESPERIOIDEA

HESPERIIDAE PAPILIONIDAE PIERIDAE

PAPILIONOIDEA

NYMPHALIDAE LYCAENIDAE

SATYRIDAE

SUBFAMILY ARCHEARINAE OENOCHROMINAE GEOMETRINAE STERRHINAE LAREENTIINAE BOARMINAE MACROGLOSSINAE LITHOSIINAE ARCTIINAE CALLIMORPHINAE NOCTUINAE HADENINAE CUCULLIINAE ACRONICTINAE AMPHIPYRINAE CATOCALINAE OPHIDERINAE HYPENINAE HESPERINAE PAPILIONINAE DISMORPHIINAE PIERINAE COLIADINAE NYMPHYLINAE RIODININAE THEDINAE LYCAENINAE PLEBEJINAE -

CONCLUSIONS From the Tabel 2 can result the following data: in the Oak Forest Ecosystem, Natural Reservation “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului” 243 species of Macrolepidoptera were quateted along the time, from the XIX century till the present day. These species belong to 162 Genuses. Between them, 54% poceed from personal researches and 46% from five lepidopterological collections preserved at the Natural History Museum in Sibiu. The analysis of the Families structure relate to Genus and Species on remark the fact that the following Families: Leumoniidae, Notodontidae and Chenuchidae are very poor represented in the habitat of “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului” with a percent of 0,62 concerning Genuses and 0,41 species of the total number of known species in the studied aria.


Fam Saturniidae and Papilionidae are represented by namely 2 Genuses of each Family: Fam. Lymantriidae with 1,85% represent 3 Genuses: -2,47% are the Genuses in the Fam. Drepanidae and Thyatiridae; -3,70% are Genuses in Fam. Pierdiae; -4,32% are the Genuses in Fam. Hesperiidae; 4,54% are the Genuses in Fam. Sphingidae and 5,55% ARE THE Genuses in Fam. Lasiocampidae. The best represented are Genuses of Family Geometridae, namely with a total of 38 Genuses, followed by fam. Noctuidae with 32 Genuses and Fam. Nymphalidae with 25 species. There are also a series of heliophilous species with a large number of representants belog to the Fam. Lycanidae, 26 species, Satyridae 14 species Pieridae 19 species, Arctiidae 14 species and Lasiocampidae 10 species. Because of the anthropic influence and seconds hand effects caused by man inferventions in the studied aria, I ascertain that in the present day the Fauna of Macrolepidoptera is much more poor in species comparative with XIX century. From that time were not more observed 110 species belonging to 91 Genuses and 10 Families. This represent cca 46% from the total species that were recorded along the time in the Oak Forest “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului”. Only 24% from the total species of Macrolepidoptera managed to adapt to all the now a day present conditions, to mentai the habitat and to continue to exist till today, like in the last century in “Pădurea Dumbrava Sibiului”, species that I consider as permanent species (Papilio machaon L., Iphiclides podalirius L.., Clossiana selene L., Melitaea cinxia cinxia L., Aporia crataegi L., Leptidea sinapis L., Pieris brassicae L., Anthocaris cardamines L., Colias hyale hyale L., Vanessa cardui L., Vanessa atalanta L., Gonepterix rhamni L., Aglais urticae urticae L., Limenitis populi L .). This is a low percent comparative at the large number of species that they were not quateted in the XXI century. Tabel 2 No.

Family

1.

No. Genuses 9

No. Species 10

1 2 4 4 38 8 1 3 12 1 32 7 2 6 13 7 12 162

1 3 6 6 53 8 1 3 14 1 40 11 2 19 25 14 26 243

LASIOCAMPIDAE 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

LEMONIIDAE SATURNIIDAE DREPANIDAE THYATIRIDAE GEOMETRIDAE SPHINGIDAE NOTODONTIDAE LYMANTRIIDAE ARCTIIDAE CHENUCHIDAE NOCTUIDAE HESPERIIDAE PAPILIONIDAE PIERIDAE NYMPHALIDAE SATYRIDAE LYCENIDAE TOTAL


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