resolution mass spectrometry

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Of these 210 congeners, 7 PCDD congeners and 10 PCDF. 53 congeners display ...... Ontario Ministry of Research & Innovation, Ideas and Innovation. 518.
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AUTHOR'S PROOF!

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AUTHOR'S PROOF! Graphical A bs tract 1

Article Title

Optimized efficiency of mapping a site contaminated with dioxins by immunoassay compared to gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry

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Article Sub- Title

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Article Copyright Year

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 (This will be the copyright line in the final PDF)

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Journal Name

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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Family Name

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Particle

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Given Name

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Suffix

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Organization

Ryerson University

Division

Environmental Applied Science and Management

Address

350 Victoria Street, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario

Organization

Ryerson University

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Division

Department of Civil Engineering

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Address

350 Victoria Street, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario

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Organization

Laboratory Services Branch

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Division

Ontario Ministry of the Environment

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Address

125 Resources Road, Etobicoke M9P 3V6, Ontario

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e-mail

[email protected]

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Family Name

Buan

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Particle

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Given Name

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Corresponding Author

Author

Lo Ching

Eric

Suffix Organization

Ryerson University

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Division

Environmental Applied Science and Management

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Address

350 Victoria Street, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario

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e-mail

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Family Name

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Given Name

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Suffix

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Li James

Organization

Ryerson University

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Division

Department of Civil Engineering

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Address

350 Victoria Street, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario

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Organization

Ryerson University

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Division

Environmental Applied Science and Management

Author

AUTHOR'S PROOF! 36

Address

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e-mail

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Author

350 Victoria Street, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario Zhang Wei

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Ryerson University

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Division

Environmental Applied Science and Management

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Address

350 Victoria Street, Toronto M5B 2K3, Ontario

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e-mail

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Received

8 September 2015

Revised

23 October 2015

Accepted

19 November 2015

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Schedule

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Abstract

The use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) has shown promise as a complementary tool to gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). This is especially true due to its low cost, ease of sample preparation and fast sample turnaround time. One problem that was unaddressed by other research is how to increase the efficiency of ELISA to a point that makes it practical for the analysis of large groups of samples that can have a wide range of unknown PCDD/F concentrations; one ELISA test is unable to screen for PCDD/F concentrations that can range anywhere from background levels to upwards of 10,000 picograms toxic equivalents per gram of soil (pgTEQ g−1). This paper resolves this problem by introducing a sample algorithm which enables the correct amount of dioxin to enter an ELISA tube from a sample (whose unknown PCDD/F concentration can range between 30 and 10,500 pgTEQ g−1) in only two ELISA runs. In doing so, the time and cost benefits of ELISA are preserved. ELISA results for soils and sediment samples processed using the algorithm were then plotted on two site maps alongside their GC-HRMS counterparts. A comparison of both analytical methods showed that areas of high and low PCDD/F concentrations were equally identifiable with either analytical tool; 29 of 32 sample locations on the site maps were placed into the same of three possible screening levels. Therefore, processing ELISA samples through the sample algorithm achieves the necessary level of efficiency while producing virtually equal screening results in comparison to GC-HRMS but at a fraction of the cost. The agreement between GC-HRMS and ELISA was 94 % (R2 = 0.99, n = 53). GC-HRMS and ELISA results were significantly correlated (Wilcoxon signed rank test p