Results Perspectives on Urban Greening - ICIS.xlsx

Perspectives on Urban Greening Results

ICIS July 2013

© Flycatcher Internet Research, 2004 Dit materiaal is auteursrechtelijk beschermd en kopiëren zonder schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever is dan ook niet toegestaan.

Results Note: Where figures are rounded off, the sum of the numbers may deviate from the total.

1. General Questions 1. Do you have a profession in any of the following fields? agriculture, gardening, forestry, fishery resourcedepletion (oil, gas, sand, minerals etc.) enery- and/or water companies architecture and/or construction public governance: spatial planning and/or environment public space maintenance forest and/or nature conservation education: biology, ecology, environment, sustainability research: biology, ecology, environment, sustainability eco-tourism art and/or culture non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) international Community Organs other:* I don't work / I am retired total

frequency 2 0 0 1 8 0 1 7 22 1 0 3 0 10 7 62

percent 3% 0% 0% 2% 13% 0% 2% 11% 35% 2% 0% 5% 0% 16% 11% 100%

* appendix 1 Do you have a profession in any of the following fields?

agriculture, gardening, forestry, fishery

3%

resourcedepletion (oil, gas, sand, minerals etc.)

0%

enery- and/or water companies

0%

architecture and/or construction

2%

public governance: spatial planning and/or environment public space maintenance

13% 0%

forest and/or nature conservation

2%

education: biology, ecology, environment, sustainability

11%

research: biology, ecology, environment, sustainability

35%

eco-tourism art and/or culture

2% 0%

non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) international Community Organs

5% 0%

other

16%

I don't work / I am retired

Flycatcher Internet Research

11%

1

Perspectives on Urban Greening ICIS - july 2013

2. Your surroundings 2a. In what type of area do you live currently MOST OF THE TIME? Dense Urban Neighbourhood Dispersed Urban Neighbourhood Intensive Agricultural Area Rural Mosaic or Pastoral Landscape Plantation Forest Landscape Natural Forest Landscape Open Semi Natural Landscape Natural Area Landscape Composite Landscape other total

frequency 31 25 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 62

percent 50% 40% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2% 0% 100%

frequency 31 31 0 62

percent 50% 50% 0% 100%

In what type of area do you live currently MOST OF THE TIME? Dense Urban Neighbourhood

50%

Dispersed Urban Neighbourhood Intensive Agricultural Area

40% 0%

Rural Mosaic or Pastoral Landscape

8%

Plantation Forest Landscape

0%

Natural Forest Landscape

0%

Open Semi Natural Landscape

0%

Natural Area Landscape

0%

Composite Landscape other

2% 0%

2b. Are you or is any other members of your household renting or owning the home? renting owning other total Are you or is any other members of your household renting or owning the home? 0%

50%

50%

renting owning other


2


3. Do you have a: (more options available) front yard backyard patio balcony veranda roof terrace vegetable garden/allotment garden community (vegetable) garden other:* none of the above

frequency (n=62) 32 37 12 15 5 7 21 5 3 4

percent (n=62) 52% 60% 19% 24% 8% 11% 34% 8% 5% 6%

frequency 27 19 9 6 1 62

percent 44% 31% 15% 10% 2% 100%

* appendix 2 Do you have a: (more options available)

front yard

52%

backyard

60%

patio

19%

balcony

24%

veranda

8%

roof terrace

11%

vegetable garden/allotment garden

34%

community (vegetable) garden

8%

other

5%

none of the above

6%

Respondents without an outside space skip question 25c, 25d, 26-31 and 35a-36b. 4a. How important do you consider the availability of a garden in your choice for your current home? very important important not important/not unimportant unimportant very unimportant total

How important do you consider the availability of a garden in your choice for your current home? 10%

2%

15% very important

44%

important not important/not unimportant unimportant

31%

very unimportant


3


4b. How important do you consider the availability of a garden in your choice for your future home? very important important not important/not unimportant unimportant very unimportant total

frequency 38 23 1 0 0 62

percent 61% 37% 2% 0% 0% 100%

How important do you consider the availability of a garden in your choice for your future home? 2%

0%

37% very important important 61%

not important/not unimportant unimportant very unimportant

5. Considering your current situation, your available time and other obligations, would you choose: a green garden in need of gardening work and attention to keep it smart a low maintenance garden, time efficient, easy to keep smart but predominantly paved a wild and lush green garden that grows as it wants to none of the above, I prefer to have no garden total

frequency 20

percent 32%

13 28 1 62

21% 45% 2% 100%

Considering your current situation, your available time and other obligations, would you choose: a green garden in need of gardening work and attention to keep it smart

32%

a low maintenance garden, time efficient, easy to keep smart but predominantly paved

21%

a wild and lush green garden that grows as it wants to

45%

none of the above, I prefer to have no garden


2%

4


6. Which activity in your OUTSIDE SPACE do you consider most important? Please also choose one option if an outside space is not available to you. gardening being outside greening the neighbourhood growing food relaxing being with friends and/or family playing with the children or the pets eating outside, barbecuing other:* total

frequency 2 21 5 7 12 10 2 0 3 62

percent 3% 34% 8% 11% 19% 16% 3% 0% 5% 100%

* appendix 3 Which activity in your OUTSIDE SPACE do you consider most important? Please also choose one option if an outside space is not available to you. gardening

3%

being outside

34%

greening the neighbourhood

8%

growing food

11%

relaxing

19%

being with friends and/or family playing with the children or the pets eating outside, barbecuing other

16% 3% 0% 5%

Respondents with an outside space skip question 7. 7. In case you'd rather not have an outside space, what would be the main reason? it is hard to keep it tidy I don't have green fingers I don't have the time I just don't care much about it it is too expensive I have limited physical abilities to maintain an outside space I can make use of another outside area/space I prefer using not so much space there was no outside space with my home when I started living there there was no possibility to create an outside space near my living space other


5

frequency (n=4) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 0

percent (n=4) 25% 25% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 75% 75% 0%


In case you'd rather not have an outside space, what would be the main reason? it is hard to keep it tidy

25%

I don't have green fingers

25%

I don't have the time

0%

I just don't care much about it

0%

it is too expensive

0%

I have limited physical abilities to maintain an outside space

0%

I can make use of another outside area/space

0%

I prefer using not so much space

0%

there was no outside space with my home when I started living there

75%

there was no possibility to create an outside space near my living space

75%

other

0%

3. Lifestyle and Outlook The next questions consider the way you approach events, problems and opportunities in life and your basic assumptions about nature and the world in general. 8a. I consider nature as basically: stable, but there are certain limits of human induced pressure good and giving flexible, after damage nature will restore herself overwhelming, she makes me feel small fragile, we are responsible and should tread very lightly complex, small changes we induce can have big and unforeseen consequences total

frequency 8 6 4 3 14 27 62

percent 13% 10% 6% 5% 23% 44% 100%

I consider nature as basically:

stable, but there are certain limits of human induced pressure

13%

good and giving

10%

flexible, after damage nature will restore herself

6%

overwhelming, she makes me feel small

5%

fragile, we are responsible and should tread very lightly

23%

complex, small changes we induce can have big and unforeseen consequences


44%

6


8b. I consider the nature of human beings as being basically: ignorant sociable independent unpredictable spiritual the product of his/her environment total

frequency 8 9 3 12 2 28 62

percent 13% 15% 5% 19% 3% 45% 100%

frequency 7 11 12 14 14 4 62

percent 11% 18% 19% 23% 23% 6% 100%

frequency 13 24 3 10 7 5 62

percent 21% 39% 5% 16% 11% 8% 100%

I consider the nature of human beings as being basically: ignorant

13%

sociable independent

15% 5%

unpredictable spiritual

19% 3%

the product of his/her environment

45%

9a. Other people describe my good characteristics often as: righteous compassionate innovative patient wise spontaneous total Other people describe my good characteristics often as: righteous

11%

compassionate

18%

innovative

19%

patient

23%

wise

23%

spontaneous

6%

9b. Sometimes people criticize me for being: rigid idealistic opportunistic pessimistic an outsider vague total


7


Sometimes people criticize me for being: rigid

21%

idealistic opportunistic

39% 5%

pessimistic

16%

an outsider vague

11% 8%

10a. According to my own opinion, the following term best reflects my character: righteous goodhearted optimistic flexible independent open minded total

frequency 6 12 10 4 14 16 62

percent 10% 19% 16% 6% 23% 26% 100%

frequency 19 7 5 15 9 7 62

percent 31% 11% 8% 24% 15% 11% 100%

According to my own opinion, the following term best reflects my character: righteous

10%

goodhearted

19%

optimistic flexible

16% 6%

independent

23%

open minded

26%

10b. According to my own opinion, the following term best reflects my character: conscientious amiable ambitious realistic autonomous dynamic total According to my own opinion, the following term best reflects my character: conscientious

31%

amiable ambitious

11% 8%

realistic autonomous dynamic


24% 15% 11%

8


11. I consider the following quality MOST important for a well functioning society: truthfulness kindness intelligence adaptability independence loyalty total

frequency 12 17 5 24 1 3 62

percent 19% 27% 8% 39% 2% 5% 100%

frequency 6 4 16 9 9 18 62

percent 10% 6% 26% 15% 15% 29% 100%

frequency 7 2 10 8 12 23 62

percent 11% 3% 16% 13% 19% 37% 100%

I consider the following quality MOST important for a well functioning society: truthfulness

19%

kindness

27%

intelligence

8%

adaptability independence loyalty

39% 2% 5%

12. I don't like people who are: vague formal pessimistic naive competitive rigid total I don't like people who are: vague formal

10% 6%

pessimistic

26%

naive

15%

competitive

15%

rigid

29%

13. My personal motto mostly resembles: Slow and steady wins the race! Union is strength! Carpe Diem! Every moment is an opportunity to make the most of life! Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're going to get! I am the change I want to see in the world! We cannot solve our problems with the same means that created them total


9


My personal motto mostly resembles: Slow and steady wins the race!

11%

Union is strength!

3%

Carpe Diem! Every moment is an opportunity to make the most of life! Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you're going to get!

16% 13%

I am the change I want to see in the world!

19%

We cannot solve our problems with the same means that created them

37%

14a. Which of the following pictures are most appealing to you? Please, choose intuitively which graphic you like best at first sight. A B C D E F total

frequency 10 19 7 7 12 7 62

percent 16% 31% 11% 11% 19% 11% 100%

Which of the following pictures are most appealing to you? Please, choose intuitively which graphic you like best at first sight. 11%

16%

19% 31% 11% 11%

A

B

C

D

E

F

14b. Please indicate in your own words what the chosen picture means to you.* * appendix 4


10


4. Management Style and Preferences The following questions relate to your preferences in relation to problems and their solutions. 15. When I have to solve a personal dilemma, I usually: ask an expert talk about it with my friends/family think outside the box wait patiently: time will tell meditate, pray, or ask higher powers for guidance go with the flow total

frequency 2 32 8 7 8 5 62

percent 3% 52% 13% 11% 13% 8% 100%

frequency 5 15 2 5 18

percent 8% 24% 3% 8% 29%

17 62

27% 100%

When I have to solve a personal dilemma, I usually: ask an expert

3%

talk about it with my friends/family

52%

think outside the box wait patiently: time will tell

13% 11%

meditate, pray, or ask higher powers for guidance go with the flow

13% 8%

16. For tackling our global environmental problems, I think we should basically focus on: implementing clear rules and regulations raising awareness and engaging collectively for the good cause developing innovative technologies coping with the emerging problems. There will always be new problems anyway. cutting down on our consumption patterns integrate our knowledge to better understand the complexities of the global problems total For tackling our global environmental problems, I think we should basically focus on: implementing clear rules and regulations

8%

raising awareness and engaging collectively for the good cause

24%

developing innovative technologies

3%

coping with the emerging problems. There will always be new problems anyway.

8%

cutting down on our consumption patterns

29%

integrate our knowledge to better understand the complexities of the global problems


27%

11


17. Solving global environmental problems is mainly the responsibility of: the Government Non Governmental Organizations (for example WWF, Greenpeace, Earth first) or Civil Action Groups scientists and Innovators we can't help solving global environmental problems: they are beyond our influence myself and the lifestyle choices I make all joined forces together total

frequency 4

percent 6%

0 2

0% 3%

0 4 52 62

0% 6% 84% 100%

Solving global environmental problems is mainly the responsibility of:

the Government Non Governmental Organizations (for example WWF, Greenpeace, Earth first) or Civil Action Groups

6% 0%

scientists and Innovators we can't help solving global environmental problems: they are beyond our influence

3% 0%

myself and the lifestyle choices I make

6%

all joined forces together

84%

18. Of the following terms, I favor this one the most: stability revolution progress perseverance connectedness evolution total

frequency 5 4 16 6 21 10 62

percent 8% 6% 26% 10% 34% 16% 100%

Of the following terms, I favor this one the most: stability revolution

8% 6%

progress perseverance

26% 10%

connectedness evolution


34% 16%

12


19. I often worry about the future of the Earth. every day multiple days a week every week multiple days a month every month less than once a month never total

frequency 15 12 8 6 5 11 5 62

percent 24% 19% 13% 10% 8% 18% 8% 100%

frequency 6 11 29 14 2 62

percent 10% 18% 47% 23% 3% 100%

I often worry about the future of the Earth. every day

24%

multiple days a week

19%

every week multiple days a month every month

13% 10% 8%

less than once a month never

18% 8%

20. I believe in the problem solving powers of technological development. strong trust trust a little trust little trust no trust total I believe in the problem solving powers of technological development. 3%

10%

23% 18% strong trust trust a little trust little trust 47%

no trust

21a. Are you active in nature and environmental conservation in one of the fields mentioned below? I do voluntary work for nature and the environment I am a member of an organization for nature and environmental conservation I do something else:* no, I am not active in nature or environmental conservation

frequency (n=62) 15 25 10 20

percent (n=62) 24% 40% 16% 32%

* appendix 5


13


Are you active in nature and environmental conservation in one of the fields mentioned below? I do voluntary work for nature and the environment

24%

I am a member of an organization for nature and environmental conservation

40%

I do something else

16%

no, I am not active in nature or environmental conservation

32%

21b. Do you support charity organisations/NGOs that are active in the field of nature and environmental conservation? yes, I donate money (contribution or collections). yes, I do voluntary work yes, other:* no

frequency (n=62) 31 13 2 21

percent (n=62) 50% 21% 3% 34%

* appendix 6 Do you support charity organisations/NGOs that are active in the field of nature and environmental conservation? yes, I donate money (contribution or collections).

50%

yes, I do voluntary work

21%

yes, other

3%

no


34%

14


5. Practical Relation to Nature

22a. What picture of nature do you like best? A (upper left) B C D E F (right below) total

frequency 21 7 4 9 11 10 62

percent 34% 11% 6% 15% 18% 16% 100%

What picture of nature do you like best? 16% 34% 18%

15%

A

B

C

D

E

F

11% 6%

22b. What does the picture you chose mean to you?* * appendix 7


15


23. How often do you go out to enjoy nature throughout the year? (Please, indicate the approximate frequency spent outside with the explicit purpose to enjoy natural landscapes) every day more than once a week once a week once a month once every few months never I don't know other:* total

frequency 12 21 9 8 7 1 1 3 62

percent 19% 34% 15% 13% 11% 2% 2% 5% 100%

24. If you go outside, what is the most common motivation for you to do so? Please indicate one main reason why you go to spend time outdoors. frequency to care for the garden 6 to walk the dog 1 to play with the children 2 for solitude and quietness 5 for sports activities 7 I work outside 1 to enjoy nature 14 to relax from daily hassle 13 to meet other people/spend time with family/friends 4 to enjoy the sun 1 other:* 8 total 62

percent 10% 2% 3% 8% 11% 2% 23% 21% 6% 2% 13% 100%

* appendix 8 How often do you go out to enjoy nature throughout the year? every day

19%

more than once a week

34%

once a week

15%

once a month

13%

once every few months

11%

never

2%

I don't know

2%

other

5%

* appendix 9


16


If you go outside, what is the most common motivation for you to do so? Please indicate one main reason why you go to spend time outdoors. to care for the garden to walk the dog

10% 2%

to play with the children

3%

for solitude and quietness

8%

for sports activities I work outside

11% 2%

to enjoy nature

23%

to relax from daily hassle

21%

to meet other people/spend time with family/friends to enjoy the sun

6% 2%

other

13%

6. Questions about Gardening 25a. Do you watch gardening shows on TV? often regularly sometimes rarely never total

frequency 0 3 7 18 34 62

percent 0% 5% 11% 29% 55% 100%

Do you watch gardening shows on TV? 0% 5%

11% often regularly

55% 29%

sometimes rarely never


17


25b. Do you read books or magazines about gardens and gardening? often regularly sometimes rarely never total

frequency 0 4 21 20 17 62

percent 0% 6% 34% 32% 27% 100%

Do you read books or magazines about gardens and gardening? 0% 6% 27% often

34%

regularly sometimes rarely 32%

never

25c. Do you consider yourself an active gardener? I am a very active gardener I am an active gardener I am not such an active gardener I am not an active gardener at all total

frequency 5 14 25 14 58

percent 9% 24% 43% 24% 100%

Do you consider yourself an active gardener? 9% 24% I am a very active gardener

24%

I am an active gardener I am not such an active gardener I am not an active gardener at all

43%

25d . Do you consider it important what your neighbors think about your garden/outside area. very important important not important, not unimportant unimportant very unimportant total


18

frequency 1 10 27 14 6 58

percent 2% 17% 47% 24% 10% 100%


Do you consider it important what your neighbors think about your garden/outside area. 10%

2% 17% very important

24%

important not important, not unimportant unimportant

47%

very unimportant

26a. What is the main REASON for WORKING in your garden/outside space? frequency (more options available) (n=58) keeping the garden tidy 15 being outside 28 to let myself go with the newest gardening trends 3 I don't work in the garden. Things grow as they want anyway 2 finding some quiet time for myself 15 watching things grow and unfold 21 somebody else does the gardening work 6 other:* 4 I don't use the outside space/garden 1

percent (n=58) 26% 48% 5% 3% 26% 36% 10% 7% 2%

* appendix 10 What is the main REASON for WORKING in your garden/outside space? (more options available)

keeping the garden tidy

26%

being outside

48%

to let myself go with the newest gardening trends

5%

I don't work in the garden. Things grow as they want anyway

3%

finding some quiet time for myself

26%

watching things grow and unfold

36%

somebody else does the gardening work

10%

other

I don't use the outside space/garden


7%

2%

19


26b. What is the main REASON for BEING in your garden/outside space? (more options available) relaxing gardening growing food enjoying nature playing (with the children or pets) passing through being together with other people other:* I don't use the garden

frequency (n=58) 32 14 15 28 7 3 21 4 2

percent (n=58) 55% 24% 26% 48% 12% 5% 36% 7% 3%

* appendix 11 What is the main REASON for BEING in your garden/outside space? (more options available)

relaxing

55%

gardening

24%

growing food

26%

enjoying nature

48%

playing (with the children or pets)

12%

passing through

5%

being together with other people

36%

other

7%

I don't use the garden

3%

27. If you consider buying plants for your outside space what do you prefer to buy: grown plants, for immediate results seeds or seedlings, and watching them grow I never buy plants or seeds total


percent 34% 53% 12% 100%

If you consider buying plants for your outside space what do you prefer to buy: 12% 34%

grown plants, for immediate results seeds or seedlings, and watching them grow 53% I never buy plants or seeds


20


28. Do you use pesticides and/or fertilizers for your outsides space? yes, pesticides and fertilizers only pesticides only fertilizers no, I don't use any of these things total


percent 5% 0% 10% 84% 100%

Do you use pesticides and/or fertilizers for your outsides space? 5% 0% 10%

yes, pesticides and fertilizers only pesticides only fertilizers 84%

no, I don't use any of these things

29. What type of pesticides and/or fertilizers do you use? strong and effective ones with environmental friendly certification (for example ECO or BIO) organic ones from a shop home made organic ones, based on traditional ecological knowledge total

frequency 0 5 2 2 9

percent 0% 56% 22% 22% 100%

What type of pesticides and/or fertilizers do you use? 0% 22% strong and effective ones 56%

with environmental friendly certification

22%

organic ones from a shop home made organic ones


21


30. Do you do anything for the native animals in your garden? (more options frequency available) (n=58) no 15 I feed the animals (birds, hedgehogs, squirrels etc.) 18 I make sure there are flowers with nectar for the pollinator insects (bees, bumblebees, butterflies etc.) 22 I have shrubs with berries and/or fruit trees 21 I try to attract species that naturally keep pests out (ladybugs, hoverflies, earwigs etc.) 13 I take care of nesting and shelter possibilities for small animals (birds, hedgehogs, bats etc.) 17 I have nest boxes 11 I install 'insect hotels' for pollinator and other insects (bees, butterflies, ladybugs etc.) 6 I keep honeybees 0 I leave some leaves, branches and other organic rubbish on the soil for animals to shelter 19 I have a water pond (no swimming pool) 10 I have a flowing water element (fountain, stream etc.) 1 my garden is surrounded by natural hedges or shrubs 13 my garden leaves opportunities for small terrestrial animals (other than birds and insects) to enter and leave my garden freely and safely (for example leaving enough open space underneath fences) 12 my cat and/or dog are often in my garden or outside space 14 other:* 3

percent (n=58) 26% 31% 38% 36% 22% 29% 19% 10% 0% 33% 17% 2% 22%

21% 24% 5%

* appendix 12 Do you do anything for the native animals in your garden? (more options available) no

26%

I feed the animals

31%

I make sure there are flowers with nectar for the pollinator insects

38%

I have shrubs with berries and/or fruit trees

36%

I try to attract species that naturally keep pests out

22%

I take care of nesting and shelter possibilities for small animals

29%

I have nest boxes

19%

I install 'insect hotels' for pollinator and other insects I keep honeybees

10% 0%

I leave some leaves, branches and other organic rubbish on the soil for animals to shelter

33%

I have a water pond I have a flowing water element

17% 2%

my garden is surrounded by natural hedges or shrubs

22%

my garden leaves opportunities for small terrestrial animals to enter and leave my garden freely and safely

21%

my cat and/or dog are often in my garden or outside space

24%

other


5%

22


7. Looks and Landscapes The following Questions will ask you about your preferences for landscape types and the character of your outside area. 31. My outside space looks like (a) (please, choose the description that approximates your garden/outside space the most. park outdoor café/terrace wilderness paradise playground mudpool zoo farm refuge carpark ecosystem sanctuary picture in a gardening magazine total

frequency 12 11 11 4 0 1 0 6 0 1 5 4 3 58

percent 21% 19% 19% 7% 0% 2% 0% 10% 0% 2% 9% 7% 5% 100%

My outside space looks like (a) (please, choose the description that approximates your garden/outside space the most. park

21%

outdoor café/terrace

19%

wilderness

19%

paradise playground mudpool zoo

7% 0% 2% 0%

farm refuge carpark

10% 0% 2%

ecosystem

9%

sanctuary

7%

picture in a gardening magazine


5%

23


32a. Looking at the following pictures, I am most inspired by: French Castle Gardens (upper left) English Romantic Gardens Japanese Gardens Modern Gardens Energetic or Healing Gardens Herb and Vegetable Gardens Lush Gardens Adventure Gardens Desert Garden (right below) total

frequency 1 12 3 2 6 15 15 4 4 62

percent 2% 19% 5% 3% 10% 24% 24% 6% 6% 100%

Looking at the following pictures, I am most inspired by: French Castle Gardens

2%

English Romantic Gardens Japanese Gardens Modern Gardens Energetic or Healing Gardens

19% 5% 3% 10%

Herb and Vegetable Gardens

24%

Lush Gardens

24%

Adventure Gardens

6%

Desert Garden

6%

32b. What inspires you most about your chosen garden style?* * appendix 13


24


33. For my garden/outside space I am most attracted to the idea of the: Low Maintenance Garden Edible Garden Lounge Garden Extended Living Room Garden Garden of Five Senses Adventure Garden Exotic Garden Designer Garden Living Garden Energetic or Healing total

frequency 10 21 1 7 5 2 0 2 11 3 62

percent 16% 34% 2% 11% 8% 3% 0% 3% 18% 5% 100%

For my garden/outside space I am most attracted to the idea of the: Low Maintenance Garden

16%

Edible Garden Lounge Garden

34% 2%

Extended Living Room Garden

11%

Garden of Five Senses Adventure Garden Exotic Garden Designer Garden

8% 3% 0% 3%

Living Garden Energetic or Healing


18% 5%

25


From upper left to right below: A: hierarchist B: egalitarian (nature oriented) C: individualist D: dynamic integrator E: autonomous (nature oriented) F: egalitarian (people oriented) G: dynamic integrator H: autonomous (spiritually oriented) I: autonomous (self-sufficiency/worldly oriented) 34. Each time you see two pictures. Please, choose the picture you prefer over the other. Pictures showed: A B B D D A C B A C C D


26

frequency absoluut 6 56 34 28 52 10 13 49 14 48 15 47

percent relatief 16% 84% 50% 50% 90% 10% 30% 70% 24% 76% 30% 70%


E A C E D E B E F B E F F C D F A F G C A G G F D G G B E G H E B H H G C H H D F H H A I H F I I A D I I C

53 9 17 45 20 42 25 37 33 29 33 29 44 18 28 34 9 53 43 19 11 51 29 33 29 33 22 40 40 22 22 40 39 23 28 34 19 43 20 42 34 28 52 10 48 14 13 49 58 4 13 49 48 14


27

79% 21% 36% 64% 55% 45% 70% 30% 37% 63% 59% 41% 57% 43% 70% 30% 22% 78% 37% 63% 35% 65% 30% 70% 80% 20% 16% 84% 70% 30% 57% 43% 69% 31% 76% 24% 36% 64% 37% 63% 41% 59% 81% 19% 46% 54% 41% 59% 76% 24% 64% 36% 60% 40%


G I I B E I totaal

35a. My personal outside space reflects the native vegetation typical for the region I live in. yes no I don't know other:* total

5 57 34 28 23 39 62

23% 77% 26% 74% 57% 43% 100%


percent 57% 26% 12% 5% 100%

* appendix 14 My personal outside space reflects the native vegetation typical for the region I live in. 5% 12% yes 57%

26%

no I don't know other

35b. In the context of the region I live, I have many exotic (non-native) plants in my outside space. frequency yes 10 some 22 no 22 I don't know 4 total 58

percent 17% 38% 38% 7% 100%

In the context of the region I live, I have many exotic (non-native) plants in my outside space. 7%

17%

yes 38%

some 38%

no I don't know


28


35c. I intentionally designed my outside space to be compatible with the local climate and biodiversity. yes no partly I don't know other:* total

frequency 26 13 14 2 3 58

percent 45% 22% 24% 3% 5% 100%

* appendix 15 I intentionally designed my outside space to be compatible with the local climate and biodiversity. 3% 5%

24%

yes

45%

no partly I don't know 22%

other

36a. I like my outside space. fully agree agree don't agree/don't disagree disagree fully disagree total

frequency 20 25 9 4 0 58

percent 34% 43% 16% 7% 0% 100%

I like my outside space. 7% 0% 16%

34% fully agree agree don't agree/don't disagree disagree

43%

fully disagree

36b. I would like to change my outside space. fully agree agree don't agree/don't disagree disagree fully disagree total


frequency 8 20 16 13 1 58

29

percent 14% 34% 28% 22% 2% 100%


I would like to change my outside space. 2%

14%

22% fully agree agree 34%

don't agree/don't disagree disagree

28%

fully disagree

37. For my garden/outside space, I consider the following quality the most important: esthetics (a beautiful garden) practical functionality ecological functionality total


percent 26% 23% 52% 100%

For my garden/outside space, I consider the following quality the most important:

26% esthetics (a beautiful garden)

52%

practical functionality 23% ecological functionality


30


8. Envisioning Your Ideal Garden

38. My ideal outside space looks most like: (please, choose intuitively the picture most appealing to you at first sight) A (upper left) B C D E F (right below) total

frequency 25 5 3 9 19 1 62

percent 40% 8% 5% 15% 31% 2% 100%

My ideal outside space looks most like: (please, choose intuitively the picture most appealing to you at first sight) 2% 31%

15%


40%

8%

5%

31

A

B

C

D

E

F


39. I have a philosophy/specific ideas about how my outside space should look like. yes, (please, explain briefly):* no I don't know total


percent 47% 37% 16% 100%

* appendix 16 I have a philosophy/specific ideas about how my outside space should look like. 16%

47% yes 37%

no I don't know

40a. I think my outside space contributes to the nature close to my home. yes no I am not sure total


percent 73% 11% 16% 100%

I think my outside space contributes to the nature close to my home. 16%

11% yes no

73%

I am not sure

40b. I believe my private outside space contributes to global biodiversity. yes no I am not sure total


percent 55% 24% 21% 100%

I believe my private outside space contributes to global biodiversity.

21%

55% 24%

yes no I am not sure


32


41. In the following pictures you see different examples of types of houses. Please, while reading the text below each picture, choose the house that you would PREFER TO LIVE in the most. Building our own Family Earthship (upper left) Being Proud of my Classical Villa Dreaming in my Luxury Villa Lucky Heritage Silent Retreat to the Trees Going with the Flow of the Tides (right below) total

frequency 12 6 14 7 23 0 62

percent 19% 10% 23% 11% 37% 0% 100%

In the following pictures you see different examples of types of houses. Please, while reading the text below each picture, choose the house that you would PREFER TO LIVE in the most.

Building our own Family Earthship

19%

Being Proud of my Classical Villa

10%

Dreaming in my Luxury Villa

23%

Lucky Heritage

11%

Silent Retreat to the Trees

Going with the Flow of the Tides


37%

0%

33


9. Sustainability and Sustainable Development 42. Can you briefly explain in your own words what you believe sustainable development is?* * appendix 17

43. How often do you think about sustainability? always often sometimes rarely never total

frequency 18 34 10 0 0 62

percent 29% 55% 16% 0% 0% 100%

How often do you think about sustainability? 16%

0% 29% always often sometimes rarely

55%

never

44. Please, indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statements.* * appendix 18

60% 11% 15% 11%

Sustainable development is crucial to secure the future of our planet 3%

76% 16%

Sustainable development is crucial to secure the future of human life

3% 3% 2% 61% 19%

Sustainable development is important for the life on planet Earth

11% 6% 2% 39% 31%

Sustainable development will help overcome global economic problems

23% 6% 2% 45% 34%

Sustainable development will help improve global social equity

16% 3% 2%

fully agree


agree

don't agree / don't disagree

34

disagree

fully disagree


45. Please indicate how often you think about or do the subject mentioned below.* * appendix 19

5% 33% 35%

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of biodiversity loss on my life.

23% 3% 7% 50%

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of biodiversity loss for the planet.

28% 13% 2% 13% 34%

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of climate change on my life.

44% 7% 2% 21% 39%

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of climate change for the planet.

31% 7% 2% 16% 33% 30%

I am often worried about the future of our planet. 16% 5% 9%

31% 34%

I am optimistic about the future of our planet. 22% 3% 13%

54% When I buy food, I intentionally buy locally grown food.

28% 3% 2% 8% 56%

When I buy food, I intentionally buy organically grown food.

23% 11% 2%

always


often

sometimes

35

rarely

never


46. I feel that my life and the choices I make have an influence on the future of our planet. yes no I don't know total

frequency 52 8 2 62

percent 84% 13% 3% 100%

I feel that my life and the choices I make have an influence on the future of our planet. 13%

3%

yes no I don't know

84%

10. Urban Greening 47a. Have you ever heard of the following urban greening trends? If yes, do you participate in any of the trends?* * appendix 20

13% green rooftops

82% 5% 15%

vertical gardens

79% 6% 29%

urban farming

63% 8% 19%

permaculture

55% 26% 16%

guerilla gardening

61% 23% 24%

green belts and greenways

60% 16% 23%

community gardening (garden with shared maintenance)

74% 3% 8%

allotment gardening

55% 37%

yes, i know the trend and i participate


yes, i know the trend but i don't participate

36

no


47b. Do you know of any other urban greening trends that are not mentioned above? yes:* no total

frequency 13 49 62

percent 21% 79% 100%

* appendix 21 Do you know of any other urban greening trends that are not mentioned above?

21%

yes

79%

48a. In case you are participating in/practicing a greening activity in your living environment, what was your motivation to do so (more options available)? I consider it my duty to do something for my environment it gives me the chance to meet new people it is trendy to green my environment it is my job somebody I know asked me to join I love working outside, it gives me a feeling of peace and connectedness to the planet I wanted to take part in co-creating my living environment other:* not applicable

frequency (n=62) 21 11 4 8 4

percent (n=62) 34% 18% 6% 13% 6%

18 17 1 2

29% 27% 2% 3%

* appendix 22 In case you are participating in/practicing a greening activity in your living environment, what was your motivation to do so (more options available)? I consider it my duty to do something for my environment

34%

it gives me the chance to meet new people

18%

it is trendy to green my environment

6%

it is my job

13%

somebody I know asked me to join

6%

I love working outside, it gives me a feeling of peace and connectedness to the planet

29%

I wanted to take part in co-creating my living environment other

27% 2%

not applicable


3%

37

no


48b. In case you are NOT participating in/practicing a greening activity in your living environment, what is the reason you don't? (more options available) My local government already takes care of the green in my local environment I never thought about doing it I don't have the time I don't have money I don't see the point of greening cities enough other people are already doing it my living environment is already quite green I have limited physical capabilities I never heard of it before other:* not applicable

frequency (n=62) 6 7 14 4 0 0 8 1 1 3 0

percent (n=62) 10% 11% 23% 6% 0% 0% 13% 2% 2% 5% 0%

* appendix 23 In case you are NOT participating in/practicing a greening activity in your living environment, what is the reason you don't? (more options available) My local government already takes care of the green in my local environment

10%

I never thought about doing it

11%

I don't have the time

23%

I don't have money

6%

I don't see the point of greening cities

0%

enough other people are already doing it

0%

my living environment is already quite green

13%

I have limited physical capabilities

2%

I never heard of it before

2%

other not applicable


5% 0%

38


49. To which of the urban greening trends are you most attracted? Green rooftops (upper left) Vertical gardens Urban farming Permaculture Guerilla gardening Green infrastructure (right below) Community garden (middle below) total

frequency 5 4 18 11 2 13 9 62

percent 8% 6% 29% 18% 3% 21% 15% 100%

To which of the urban greening trends are you most attracted? Green rooftops Vertical gardens

8% 6%

Urban farming

29%

Permaculture Guerilla gardening

18% 3%

Green infrastructure Community garden


21% 15%

39


50. Who do you consider to be most responsible for the green in your living environment? the local government the inhabitants of the community greening companies and horticultural businesses I am responsible myself all the different parties together I don't know total

frequency 11 13 0 3 34 1 62

percent 18% 21% 0% 5% 55% 2% 100%

51a. Do you consider the greening of cities as something that can contribute to the protection of biodiversity in your local area? frequency yes 60 no 1 I don't know 1 total 62

percent 97% 2% 2% 100%

Who do you consider to be most responsible for the green in your living environment? the local government

18%

the inhabitants of the community greening companies and horticultural businesses I am responsible myself

21% 0% 5%

all the different parties together I don't know

55% 2%

Do you consider the greening of cities as something that can contribute to the protection of biodiversity in your local area? 2% 2%

yes no 97%


I don't know

40


51b. Do you consider the greening of cities as something that can contribute to the protection of global biodiversity? yes no I don't know total

frequency 54 7 1 62

percent 87% 11% 2% 100%

Do you consider the greening of cities as something that can contribute to the protection of global biodiversity? 11% 2%

yes no 87%


41

I don't know


52a. Which of the following city-types is MOST APPEALING to you if you'd consider an IMAGINARY CITY TRIP? A (upper left) B C D E F (right below) total

frequency 9 40 2 2 5 4 62

percent 15% 65% 3% 3% 8% 6% 100%

Which of the following city-types is MOST APPEALING to you if you'd consider an IMAGINARY CITY TRIP? 6% 15% 8% 3% 3%

65%

A

B

C

D

E

F

52b. Please, briefly motivate your choice in your own words.* * appendix 24


42


53a. Which one of the following green rooftop-concepts do you like best? Lean and Green (upper left) Colourful Rooftops Living Roof Technology Safely Living Underground Green off the Grid Integrated Functions (right below) total

frequency 15 13 4 0 11 19 62

percent 24% 21% 6% 0% 18% 31% 100%

Which one of the following green rooftop-concepts do you like best? 24% 31%

Lean and Green Colourful Rooftops Living Roof Technology Safely Living Underground 21%

18%

Green off the Grid Integrated Functions

0% 6%

53b. Please, briefly motivate your choice in your own words.* * appendix 25


43


54a. Do you prefer the landscape in picture A or in picture B? A (left) B (right) total

frequency 14 48 62

percent 23% 77% 100%

Do you prefer the landscape in picture A or in picture B? 23%

A 77%

B

54b. Would you prefer to design / did you design your garden as in picture A or as in picture B? frequency A 48 B 14 total 62

percent 77% 23% 100%

Would you prefer to design / did you design your garden as in picture A or as in picture B? 23%

77%

A B


44


55a. What is your highest completed education? Primary School High School Vocational Education Higher Professional Education University Education (BA/MA) University Education (PhD/Postdoctoral) other total

frequency 0 2 1 2 43 14 0 62

percent 0% 3% 2% 3% 69% 23% 0% 100%

What is your highest completed education? Primary School High School Vocational Education Higher Professional Education

0% 3% 2% 3%

University Education (BA/MA)

69%

University Education (PhD/Postdoctoral) other

23% 0%

55b. What is your nationality?* * appendix 26

55c. In which country do you currently live?* * appendix 27

If you have any final input or comments regarding this questionnaire, please feel free to leave these below:* * appendix 28


45


Appendix 1 question 1 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 1. Do you have a profession in any of the following fields? other: data management Marketing Meteorology, seismology Nursing , Biology, Care organisational change & nature coaching pharmacist research in urban planning student in Sustainability Science and Policy student sustainability and hobby gardening transition research


46


Appendix 2 question 3 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 3. Do you have a: (more options available) other: forest area swimming pool window boxes on every surface with sunlight


47


Appendix 3 question 6 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 6. Which activity in your OUTSIDE SPACE do you consider most important? Please also choose one option if an outside space is not available to you. other: Nature coaching to have a feeling to live with nature and seasons, for example seeing birds in the garden or washing themselves in the pool working on phd


48


Appendix 4 question 14b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 14b. Please indicate in your own words what the chosen picture means to you. A A loving family living in peace Animals, which are dependent on nature, and which are under threath of our actions bonds and connections that bring confort and energy common things, common solutions, family, common goals It represents society, which is well ordered if everyone has its proper role. It is also the only figure with more than one living being It shows that we as human beings are not the only animals in this world. Since we are the only animal with the capacity to shape the natural environment according to our wants and needs, we need to take responsibility as well for the life of others who can't. life is nature love and good relationship The social aspect of life, caring for eachother together, family, beautiful animalworld, care B A tiny spyder is capable to create an intelligent, creative and functional obeject , without using brains, just impulsive. I wonder how beautiful it works if your not like a human being. Beautiful but very precious product of nature circle of life, in which is a role for growth and decay Early morning walks 0500 h recharging my batteries Forest I found none of the pictures particularly great but pictures one and two are still the most appealing to me as they are comparatively "harmless" compared to the other pictures and I decided to chose picture 2 because spider webs are a very fine piece of nature work. i like something green behind because it is nature Incredible capacities in nature - beautiful, elegant, functional structures individual interconnected nature of the world Little beautiful things from the nature that you can observe everyday (if you can look at them positively!) Natural beauty and innate design. Plus, I enjoy seeing spiders. Natures wonderful patterns, No straight lines! quiet, nature, peacefulness Reminds me of an autumn morning, the light is soft, I'm enjoying the details I notice when walking/cycling. some snapshot of the complex web of light, seasons, beings, colors, textures that we recognize within ourselves and outside of ourselves - connects us as part of the living world The beauty of small things; the unexpected discovery; nature, popping up where you might not expect it. Nature is everywhere. the unpretentious beauty of nature,, close to home unique C alpinism, overcoming your fears, freedom, exploring the world Due to my fear of height, I found it impressive to see a person standing on top of the mountain. Secondly, I fought the contrast of small man/giant nature striking. Freedom freedom and to see the whole world with all its complexity that we need to take care of. A human with a benevolent attitude Freedom, beauty of nature, achievement, serenity Freedom, independence, personal achievement but also connection with nature, enoying its vastness and beauty, looking at it from a bird's eye view, seeing where it fluorishes and where it is harmed.


49


D beauty, serenity peaceful and relaxing, full of hope the greater view, exploration, beauty The picture shows depth, something misterious, the vastness of the universe the universe is bigger than we can conceive Tranquility we are part of something awesome E circle of life evenwicht, schoonheid, ecologie I can swim in it :-) miracle, endlessness Peace of mind, beauty, colour peace, beauty, symmetry, calm/tranquility quietness, romance Serenity Serenity serenity with a little sadness The serenity of a sunset + the calming nature of a body of water. F Beauty /Clarity/Change/ Ever moving and changing life/ Fresh and free/ Strength/Essence of life/Light and Energy/ No constricted/ non conformist/Purity Life is not easy. Sometimes we face some opportunities and challenges in life patterns of the sea represent the rhythm of life power and strength of the oceans Stillness. waves


50


Appendix 8 question 21a Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 21a. Are you active in nature and environmental conservation in one of the fields mentioned below? I do something else: donate to engo's environmental consulting human-environment systems research i am active as a university researcher and teacher I sign petitions I try to adapt my lifestyle to nature and the environment as best I can our lifestyle tries to reflect awareness paid to work in this area redesigning my garden into a permaculture garden research to address problems


51


Appendix 6 question 21b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 21b. Do you support charity organisations/NGOs that are active in the field of nature and environmental conservation? yes, other: I sign petitions through partnerships and financial support


52


Appendix 7 question 22b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 22b. What does the picture you chose mean to you? A a healthy ecosystem beautiful beautiful and peaceful beauty and color of the world beauty of nature that is so impressive and can be much more beautiful than any actitity planned by humans Coloful, wild flowers, untouched nature colorful coolness, abundant water, abundant life, beauty, the miracles that occur in nature! diversity, surprise I chose picture one as it shows a fascinating flowering mountain area kracht van natuur, onderdeel zijn van groter geheel, evolutie magic Natures colour and variety/ Unspoilt/ Light/Freedom/the wonderful fact that it is not a developed area!/unconstrained to human constricts/ peace/ silence/natures boundless energies/The evolution of life/ immortality/Restful/Awe inspiring peaceful Peaceful Serenity plenty; overwhelming biomassaliteit spring, amazing palette of flowers, beauty, ephemerality The changing of seasons and its beauty The creative power of nature The flowers are just gorgeous and it would be somewhere i would love to camp. watersheds, they are what we should be conserving and protecting B (bio)diversity, interspecies relationships, connectedness and relationships between species and their natural environment Harmony I like animals, the picture shows pureness, sweetness of nature; untouched nature; and it shows the harmony amongst different species and nature Interspecies harmony and the joy/playfulness of youth. New life - new start - fragility but adaptivity the extremes can meet C a peaceful life chilling relexation D contrast yet connectedness, the elements, beauty Depicts the power of nature Dynamic forces of great power and beauty. Force of nature It contrasts a storm often viewed as powerful or destructive by humans against the organisms that rely such storms. science storm


53


The impressiveness of the forces of nature, beyond real comprehension The wildness of true nature. The force of natural powers. The lack of human influence. E A human intervention which is visible but perfectly integrated and respectful of the natural environment. Feeling very small and seeing something bigger than myself Freedom & trust nature as independent, rough and strong as a rock, and yet even then, vulnarable in terms of polution. openness, ruggedness, expanse, wild, geology Plants, mountains Reminds me of my favorite natural scenary: mountains & sea combined. And I find the man-made stairs quite spectacular. rocks means climbing to me and the stairs a nice walking path in nature varied views, something new behind every corner to discover and enjoy F Always good to see earth as one, holistic approach. Global holistic & and unity home to all nature Mother Earth's plentiful goodness and marvellous harmony save the Earth Spaceship Earth That we as human beings are bounded to earth. Our society has developed towards a state in which we have forgotten that we thank our existence to the earth and its natural surroundings. the universe ids bigger than we can conceive universe, earth, life


54


Appendix 8 question 23 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 23. How often do you go out to enjoy nature throughout the year? (Please, indicate the approximate frequency spent outside with the explicit purpose to enjoy natural landscapes) other: almost everyday (exept when it is really bad weather or when no time) I enjoy the outside more than once a week, but unfortunately, natural landscapes are not close enough nearby. I only get to enjoy those maybe once every 2-3 months. not enough


55


Appendix 9 question 24 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 24. If you go outside, what is the most common motivation for you to do so? Please indicate one main reason why you go to spend time outdoors. other: birdresearch hike with dog on hiking trail at south mountain shopping to change from being indoors To commute and explore to enjoy nature AND walk the dog to walk, relax and enjoy nature


56


Appendix 10 question 26a Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 26a. What is the main REASON for WORKING in your garden/outside space? (more options available) other: Can work there (not allowed by owner) Changing the lay-out and plants and such. To change how it looks and feels. Not necessarily following trends, but just making changes because I want change. i do not have a garden seeing the evolution from degraded to biodiversity rich garden unfold (permaculture garden)


57


Appendix 11 question 26b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 26b. What is the main REASON for BEING in your garden/outside space? (more options available) other: enjoying the sun and garden i do not have a garden I've grown food in the past, but not this year They are window boxes i'm not really in them..


58


Appendix 12 question 30 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 30. Do you do anything for the native animals in your garden? (more options available) other: bird bath i do not have a garden There are none - window boxes.


59


Appendix 13 question 32b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 32b. What inspires you most about your chosen garden style? French Castle Gardens The castle garden is green nature English Romantic Gardens Availability of little, hidden spaces; not too structured; colorful colours and natural growing pattern of plants Cultivated wilderness full of greens I love the lushness, without it being a jungle. I like the fact that it looks wild, even though it really isn't. My ideal garden would be a herb-and-vegetable garden, but looking like this, because I like the look of the English garden better than the look of the vegetable garden, although I prefer to grow edible plants as much as possible. lots of plants and animals can fullfill their lifecycle natuurlijke tuin, geleidelijke overgangen simple and fresh The balance between structured organisation and overgrowing flowers - nice contrast. The right balance between nature & culture. Japanese Gardens attention to detail, thoughtfulness It looks simple but it has complex small details. relaxing Modern Gardens I like the combination of modern desgin with natural materials. My garden should be functional and a place for relaxing and receiving family and friends. There is space to be together with other people in the garden. It is functional, but also beautiful. Design is a bit existentialist. Energetic or Healing Gardens Energetic/healing gardens help me feel positive and happy. Any type of garden - formal, modern, desert, etc., can have beneficial energy as a whole. Ever growing and developing life/ natural healing - i believe in this/ a garden with a proper use for others rather than useless/beautiful/fun/enhancing life Flow It inspires feeelings of peace relax seems peaceful & diverse Herb and Vegetable Gardens best relationship with life. living and eating from the land. being part of your surroundings en the natural cylces in life Can be productive and beautiful combine beauty and usefulness Growing food is fascinating I love food. Nature shows its wonders, its abundance productive simplilicity The relaxed, no straight lines image the variety of plants, colors, practicality and wildness


60


Wildness, growing own food Lush Gardens Emphasises nature in the human-nature balance Everything seems to be scattered in a beautiful flowing pattern but i would like it to be more of a random food forest with gorgeous flowing flowers short and tall interdispersed. freedom Green, flowerw, creativity it is natural It reminds me of the yard we had at our former house. it would fit best in the natural surroundings of where I live Nature as it is sort of balance in what I as a human being wants and what nature does The impression of wilderness the wildness and beauty of nature when it grows freely. it is everytime again surprising how beautiful nature is when it is just pure nature variety of color and texture, element of wildness Adventure Gardens always a chance that you'l meet a beautiful creature I do not have a garden space that I am allowed to maintain. If I had one, in a lush are, I like the adventure garden. It reminds me a where I grew up- it allows for exploration and for things to grow as they are. i like climbing and playing in nature Desert Garden desert it is both lush and geometric the unique plants, and growing things that occur naturally in my area


61


Appendix 14 question 35a Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 35a. My personal outside space reflects the native vegetation typical for the region I live in. other: mixed - native front yard, nonnative backyard some is native, some is desert-adapted and the rest is a pest (e.g., bermuda grass) yes and no (edible ecosystem)


62


Appendix 15 question 35c Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 35c. I intentionally designed my outside space to be compatible with the local climate and biodiversity. other: I didn't design my outdoor space i don't design my outside space outside space is managed by owner


63


Appendix 16 question 39 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 39. I have a philosophy/specific ideas about how my outside space should look like. yes, (please, explain briefly): a variety of colors, textures and sizes Allow people to feel & play. Bring them to a higher resonance level. Fully connected to nature. Stimulate connection and respect for nature. Especially but not exclusively for children. Urban gardening, climbing tress, bees, lots of wild plants and no fences. Restoring the connection between men & nature. As natural as possible, including native species, systems belonging in the local environment, etc. And edible. Preferrably, all species are edible or otherwise useable. balanced, sustainable beautiful, harmonious, functional, ecologically in tune comfortable ecological integrity + useful to people ecological, playfull, natural ecosystem in which a place for man Edible fit into local climate/sun/ circumstances food forest functional, consistent with native environment green It should be in harmony with nature and help in some way towards the ecological balance and help the native creatures mainly "wild" with only a few more 'tidy' spots where to sit and rest natural, wild, but at the same time romantic and with areas of an edible garden naturally Nature like paradise for people and other creatures park-like (combination of lawn & shrubs & trees) partly wild, partly vegetable garden permaculture resembling an ecosystem should not be wasteful. a good mix of wild plants with enough upkeep to look tidy. soothing and cool useful for wildlife and humans wild tidy beautiful


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Appendix 17 question 42 Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 42. Can you briefly explain in your own words what you believe sustainable development is? - produce no waste, design cradle to cradle - do not deplete natural resources - design your environment for self-reliance and resilience (permaculture) - be respectfull and friendly to animals and humans - get rid of our strangling monetary system - equal oppotunity and freedom for everybody a combination of technical fix and behavioural change in order to find a balance between socio-economic and environmental sustainability a combined ecological, social and economic perspective. respecting the limited flow of resources and considering the needs of future generations A development that allows to meet human needs today but which does not impact the chances of future generations to meet their needs too. A harmony between human and nature. a system of life where all we use is returned to be recycled an exuilibirum between nature's best and technology's best an oxymoron. I would like to use the words adaptive management instead of development because that assumes growth and maybe we dont have to keep growing, just adapting and managing. balance Balancing resource availability, environmental preservation and human development. better living in present and in future Brundtland commission (development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs) carefull balancing of people, planet, profit; stimulating connectedness to nature with the aim to safeguard the living planet for current and future quality of life and a rich biodiversity. de tendens dat de mens steeds meer in overeenstemming met de natuur leeft. Waarbij onze voetstap lichter wordt Development that doesn't require much of our own input to survive. It thrives on it's own. development that has no negative impact, that works with nature rather than against it. development that insures the Earth and it's resources are being preserved for the future. Development that integrates consideration for the long and short term benefits of environment/ecology, the people living close and far, and the social and economic structure of the region Enhancing human well being now and in the future by taking care of Earth as it takes care of us. Figuring out how to optimize human well-being and environmental integrity in ways that ensure future generations will be at least as comfortable as we are. fulfilling needs without endangering the possibilities of others to fulfil those needs Human development that embraces the value of intact, dynamic, vibrant social-ecological systems and pursues human well-being with future generations close to mind. I believe sustainable development can be achieved if we encourage collective actions to get the sustainable development I don't really know. Resposibility and attention for the worth of things in nature and mainly their relations Improving society while improving the (global) environment that surrounds it. In my opinion sustainable development is meeting the needs of future generations, unifiying the three dimensions of ecology, economy and social needs. Conservation of biodiversity, coping with urbanism and rethinking consumption patterns are only a few of many fields which are touched by the concept. In my opinion, sustainable development is the development of an area (meaning cultivation, habitation, etc.) without this development permanently damaging the area. The development does not cause less benefits to be available from the system, either now or in the future. is the development who meets the needs of the present without compromising the future generations to meet their own needs. It is the only way forward to secure the survival of the world. It is a practical way to get companies, governments etc to join in and face the facts and act! Leaving materialism behind us, valueing the good & simple life, caring for natural & cultural heritage. Leren van de natuur, kringloopeconomie, C2C, systeemdenken. Uitrgangspunt. Aarde is een Ecolgisch Systeem: Kernbegrippen: Energie Kringlopen Onderlinge afhankelijkheid Grensgebieden, gradienten, daar doen zich veranderingen voor Adaptatie, aanpassing Stabiel evenwicht PPP< People planet Prosperity, rekening houdend met dat we binnen het ecosysteem aarde leven , samen werken aan een goed en gezond leven. live in balance and responsibility with ecosystems Living in a concious way, without exploiting people or nature to an extend where there is no way back.


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Living in balance with nature without taking more than what is needed and available. living without exploiting natural resources look up for literature! MDG modern People think it is People, Planet, Profit. But for me it is PNEUMA, the spiritual breath that connects everybody and everything. Permaculture present generation can fulfill the need without compromising the future generation needs preserving the holistic aspect/interconnectedness of all that is, while consciously integrating new elements. Allowing freedom of evolution and human 'design' while preserving existing biodiversity and the survival of vital earthly mechanisms. Recovering the nature and resources we have lost, reconsidering our current living pattern, thinking about future developments - and this all with increasing our living standard withouth decreasing our natural environment. regard for the climate, water resources, and a regenerative future SD is a development where human activity is within limits of the environment and which is simultaneouly favorable for the society and the economic development SD is a good ideal of people. It is the long term process to fulfill. In addition, it is a sound relationship between people and nature. It is the harmonious relationship between people and nature. SD is an honest way of living, which acknowledges our heavy (psychological) depedence on economic incentives and materialism, SD gives more weight to ecological and social aspects of our living. Sustainable Development for me is a scientific and policy objective that helps to structure the way we perceive problems sustainable development is a state of harmony between humans and nature, respecting ecological social and political limits, history and future. Sustainable development is about transforming our current modes of thinking, doing and organizing. It refers to a movement of change, since modern society is characterized as unsustainable. I believe that sustainable development is about dealing with modern challenges collectively, by respecting each others values and perspectives and by striving towards a higher quality of life, based on the local context. sustainable development is development that is generally beneficial for both society and the environment. Sustainable development works with the natural environment rather than against it. It reduces or eliminates energy needed to support structures and activities that counter environmental features. An example would be desert climate housing designed to minimize the need for air conditioning and the consumption of water. The concept is too vague to shortly explain, but we should respect both ecological and social values The others appealed even less to me. to live wisely within the boundaries that define our planet to reocncile the needs of the economy with those ones related to society and environment trajectory guided by shared sustainability principles tthinking about long term effects of actions Using nature while maintaining its integrity and making its benefits accessible to people way of life on earth that contribute to relatively stable natural cylces and ecosystems We can live in a modern house with a beautiful garden


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67


12 19 21

agree 11% 16%

38 24 28

fully agree 60% 76%



Sustainable development is crucial to secure the future of our planet



19% 31% 34%

61% 39% 45%



percent


7 10

37 47

Sustainable development is crucial to secure the future of our planet

agree

fully agree


frequency

44. Please, indicate how much you agree or disagree with the following statements.

question 44

Appendix 18

23% 16%

11%

3% 6% 3%

6%

3%

11%

disagree

don't agree / don't disagree 15%

4 2

4

2

7

disagree

14 10

7

2

9

don't agree / don't disagree

2% 2%

2%

2%

3%

fully disagree

1 1

1

1

2

fully disagree

100% 100%

100%

100%

100%

total

62 62

62

62

62

total


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20 18 33 34

10 5 8 5

I am optimistic about the future of our planet.

When I buy food, I intentionally buy locally grown food.

31% 54% 56%

9% 13% 8%

I am optimistic about the future of our planet.


When I buy food, I intentionally buy locally grown food.

39% 33%

21% 16%

I am often worried about the future of our planet. 28% 23%

34%

30%

31%

44%

28%

50% 34%

7%

35%

sometimes

17 14

20

18

19

27

17

21

sometimes

33%

13%

5%

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of climate change on my life. I am often thinking about the possible impacts of climate change for the planet.

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of biodiversity loss on my life. I am often thinking about the possible impacts of biodiversity loss for the planet.

percent

often

24

13

I am often worried about the future of our planet.

always

21

8


30

4

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of climate change on my life. I am often thinking about the possible impacts of climate change for the planet.

often 20

always 3

I am often thinking about the possible impacts of biodiversity loss on my life. I am often thinking about the possible impacts of biodiversity loss for the planet.

frequency

mentioned below.

question 45

Appendix 19

3% 11%

22%

16%

7%

7%

13%

23%

rarely

2 7

13

10

4

4

8

14

rarely

2% 2%

3%

5%

2%

2%

2%

3%

never

1 1

2

3

1

1

1

2

never

100% 100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

total

61 61

58

61

61

61

60

60

total

1 1

4

1

1

1

2

2

I don't know


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34 38 37 46 34

12 10 15 14 5

permaculture

guerilla gardening



55% 61% 60% 74% 55%

19% 16% 24% 23% 8%

urban farming

permaculture

guerilla gardening



allotment gardening

79% 63%

15% 29%

vertical gardens

82%

13%

green rooftops

percent

yes, i know the trend yes, i know the trend and i participate but i don't participate

39

18

urban farming

allotment gardening

51 49

8 9

green rooftops

yes, i know the trend yes, i know the trend and i participate but i don't participate

vertical gardens

frequency

47a. Have you ever heard of the following urban greening trends? If yes, do you participate in any of the trends?

question 47a

Appendix 20

3% 37%

16%

23%

26%

8%

6%

5%

no

2 23

10

14

16

5

4

3

no

100% 100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

total

62 62

62

62

62

62

62

62

total

Appendix 21 question 47b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 47b. Do you know of any other urban greening trends that are not mentioned above? yes: aquaponics aquaponics - can be done indoors beekeeping, small greenhouses CSA, school tuinen, green infrastructure green stormwater infrastructure Palate gardening pop up parks rooftop food gardens use of trees in flood prevention, air cleaning, as noise barriers, etc. Water Harvesting Window farms window gardens


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Appendix 22 question 48a Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 48a. In case you are participating in/practicing a greening activity in your living environment, what was your motivation to do so (more options available)? other: samen buiten werken is prettig en je hgeeft vorm aan je ideeen


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Appendix 23 question 48b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 48b. In case you are NOT participating in/practicing a greening activity in your living environment, what is the reason you don't? (more options available) other: I am not sure where to do it and I would prefer to do this in a group and I don¿t know people who are doing it I want to see, experience and explain to others no place to practice it in my living situation


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Appendix 24 question 52b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 52b. Please, briefly motivate your choice in your own words. A I like big historic cities! I like cities with a rich historical background and great quality of life. Not the sciencefiction based city. I like older, historic cities i like the excitement of large cities and the intrigue of history If I visit a city I would pick a city for its rich cultural heritage.musea's, churches etc. Organised ROMA B a historical city well set into the landscape beautiful city adapted to natural conditions combination of dense urban environment with access to outdoor trips. compact, cosy, view connected with nature Culture and nature connected, tradition, water exotic and adventurous Forest, hiking, old village, sea Friendly community in a dramatic landscape, mountains and sea - wonderful! hill, sea, and house what a great view ever Human development CONNECTED to and IN BALANCE with nature I am drawn to coastal cities. I am interested in old cities that have been around for a long time I enjoy old towns with winding streets on multiple levels. A seaside location is nice, too. I love the combination of rugged landscape with a small-scale city. The coastal factor also plays a role; I feel most comfortable in proximity to the sea. It is very near to the nature. i like the natural environment It was between this one and the last one but the last one looked too outer space for me . i also loved the colors on the buildings. living in a close-knit community nearby the sea Long-term example of living alongside nature and making use of different ecosystem types for different purposes - nature on the doorstep. Arguably not so integrated and embedded a concept as the last picture, but fine if/when it's possible to live in small cities. So depends on context... depends on whether my imaginary city trip is to a city on a planet with a population with bigger/lower/same population as now looks dynamic, interesting, fun and community-oriented looks like a peaceful quiet and artistic place looks the nicest not many high building. I can live in nature organically grown and still living Part of nature rather conservative choice: no futuristic nor to much buildings realtie tussen zee en aarde, zuidelijke sfeer, rust seems natural Small village souvenirs, souvenirs that beautiful places in the world which has beautiful nature the city is sourrended by nature, not so big, it looks quiet and a bit romantic


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the water is an attractive feature - hopefully contributes to the vitality of the life in the area, adds an aspect of sea life, mountain life, clean air and beauty This image looks like the it incorporates natural sites (like the sea and the green areas) with a city. The city looks colour-full and diverse. I would feel more comforable and at home here than in some of the more surrealistic city images; I am not curious/adventurous to explore weird/futuristic cities. this is the greenest of all city types to choose from very romantic, nestled within a strong environmental setting C Urban population globally will soon be too large for all of the other options. we need large, more or less dense cities to reach for sustainable living D Culture/ our history/tradition/beauty/care/natural use of local products History and why the system failed. E Exotic, spectacular scenery. It seems interesting from my viewpoints: the cultural side, the natural side, the aesthetic side and so on The Landscapes! visit cities like this every year in france and italy,great F because it looks innovative, new i've not seen anything like this! It looks like a very interesting urban-nature integrated city well, that is like visiting the future ;)


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Appendix 25 question 53b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 53b. Please, briefly motivate your choice in your own words. Lean and Green An approach that every inhabitant can follow, to improve the livability of big historic and mineral cities... At the moment I live in the city, having a "private" rooftop garden would be a dream as it is like an oasis which can be used for relaxation purposes - easily and always available binnensteden worden aantrekkelijker, gezonder, koeler Combination of green and energy production. e space looks versatile and looks like an extension of a living room ¿> has the potential for me to use the outdoor space even more I like trees and shade, though I might also choose the second one with the flowers. It adds greenery to existing structures along with features (deck, chairs) for enjoying the environment. It looks like a muitlfunctional space that is most realistic given our current infrastructure. looks like there is biodiversity possible with nice density of housing.

.

seems most likely to actually have an impact simple the others look to much artificial This rooftop looks like it can be used for sitting there or walking around and enjoying the green Colourful Rooftops Flowers I love a colorful garden which has many kind of flowers I would love to see more flowers, veggies and fruits growing on roofs, feeding people and bringing enjoyment. it is unrealistic to think of producing substantial quantities of food on roofs It looks extremely lovely with lots of colors. Lush one of the best functions of vegetation in cities is to reconnect people with color - this picture represents a more wild-looking and colorful rooftop pretty Living Roof Technology buildings are in every sence part of nature and contribute to clean air It is the most unrealistic, but if we managed to eventually get that many stakeholders (renters, landlords, developers, office workers, local govt. etc.) involved, cities will be green by default. it seems visionary Since many high building have been built recently, it is better to make a greenroof top Green off the Grid affordable and ecological home i like the fantasy atmosphere of a hobbit house it looks like from some of the fairy tales It seems like a pretty simple and low maintenance lifestyle. Lord of the rings look? most naturally Reminds me of the Hobbit houses, great! SIMPLICITY The ideal of living off the grid the most integrated in the natural landscape


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Integrated Functions any green space should fulfill multiple uses because this way rooftop gardening fulfils multiple functions Both a green infrastructure and taking advantage of it combining recreation and leisure with production of food is perfect Doing as much as possible not to contribute to Natures destruction i like the idea of integrating functions, would like to live off the grid also though! I love methods that combine multiple functions, since this is what nature does as well. The more combined functions, the more effective (and efficient) a system is. Integration is always good! It seems to me the most efficient in integrating the natural side to the functions of the building it's practical Let nature be part of daily life; make use of nature in a positive way withough exhausting or destroying it most functional and feasible, and can include off the grid. Multifunctional multiple benefits, functionality, cool utilizing the whole entire space just makes sense!


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Appendix 26 question 54b Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 54b. What is your nationality?

aantal

Aust.

1

Belgian

2

British

2

China

1

Dutch

23

French

1

German

9

Greek

1

Indonesian

4

Irish

1

Italian

1

US Citizen

12

Vietnamese

2

White

1

world

1


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Appendix 27 question 54c Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. 54c. In which country do you currently live?

aantal

aruba

1

Aust.

1

Australia

1

Belgium

2

England

1

France

1

Germany

6

Greece

1

Italy

1

Jakarta

1

Luxembourg

1

Netherlands

29

United States

14

Vietnam

2


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Appendix 28 If you have any final input or comments regarding this questionnaire, please feel free to leave these below. Note: The comments below are literal representations of the reactions of respondents, and may contain spelling mistakes or grammatical errors. If you have any final input or comments regarding this questionnaire, please feel free to leave these below: a little bit complicated to fill out if you have an open space belonging to your flat which you are not allwoed to garden Although I do think that humans are affecting their environment quite severely, I also believe in the resilience of nature as a whole. So although I am quite sure that we will wipe ourselves out at some point, and probably take many species with us along the way, I also do not believe that we are capable of truly destroying the planet. Even if we would drop nuclear bombs all over the face of the Earth, some life would survive, and in time, new systems would grow. Therefore, I do not worry about our planet; I worry about our species. Dat ik geen eigen tuine heb, maar in een appertement woon, met balkon, maakt dat ik veel vragen over garden/ outside space niet kan beantwoorden. Ik beschoue de parken, stadsrand, natuurgebieden rondom als mijn outside space, maar dat wordt niet gevraagd. Succes Carijn Excellent and keep it going! Good luck with the investigation! Great research. I would me also interested in the relationship between greening local environments and local energy production. It would be nice to know the methodology and reasoning underlying these questions. Would you want to share these? Cheers like all questionnaires, it leaves room for discussion Quite a long survey some choices were too restricted some of the pictures were a little hard to see Some questions were difficult to answer accurately as options did not reflect my situation. thanks for the pics of guerrilla gardening. I'm going to google that now !! the concept of a 'garden' is a bit different in the USA compared to other places. The questionnaire contains a lot of questions that do not really match my situation, living in a rented flat with a small veranda plus a bit of green in front of it over which I have no control. Some of my answers concerning gardening refer to my parent's singly family home where I often spend my weekends but do not engage in gardening. I did not want to answer the question on sustainability as this is to complicated and time consuming. Very interesting research. Looking forward to the results! Very interesting! Also liked the inclusion of pictures a lot. Way, way too long, sorry. The pysch. questions were too transparent: personality descriptors were incomplete (no other option and forcing to choose options that you dont fit is problematic) and the green type ranking exercise was eurocentric and took too long.


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