Review on Implementation of Industry 4.0 Globally

0 downloads 0 Views 602KB Size Report
Some of the initiatives are 'Made in India 2025' and 'Made in China 2025' [23, 37]. “Made in ... glove and support straining manual movements. Ivanov et al. [30].
CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

2203 Review on Implementation of Industry 4.0 Globally and Preparing Malaysia for Fourth Industrial Revolution Effendi MOHAMAD*1, Lukman SUKARMA*1, Nor Akramin MOHAMAD*1, Mohd Rizal SALLEH*1, Muhamad Arfauz A RAHMAN*1, Azrul Azwan ABDUL RAHMAN*1 and Mohd Amri SULAIMAN*1 *1

Fakulti Kejuruteraan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. This study aims to scrutinise the present trend of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) that emphasises on the industry and to appraise the initiatives espoused by the Government of Malaysia in view of this. Many research works have shown that several advanced nations have begun deploying advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, Internet of things (IoT) and nanotechnology. This study substantiates that Malaysia is the new entrant for the 4IR and goes ahead to take measures for dealing with the challenges that come with it. The efforts taken by the government to endorse the deployment of 4IR include offering allowances, training and education. This paper is split into two segments. The first offers an assessment of the global 4IR trend in other nations. The second segment reviews the preparations by Malaysia for facing the 4IR challenges. The study collected information through multiple sources such as Springer, Elsevier, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Key Words : Industry 4.0; Technologies of Industry 4.0; Malaysia for Fourth Industrial Revolution.

1.

Introduction

As per the economic reports prepared by Malaysia’s Ministry of Finance, in 2017, the manufacturing and service sectors are still the major contributors to the country’s economic advancement [1]. In the manufacturing segment, electrical and electronics product exports are estimated to grow 4.1% this year, a bit higher than 4% in the past years [2]. Nowadays, manufacturing sector is viewed as a key sector for driving economic advancement and generating jobs

[3-4]

. Manufacturers have to espouse

modernisation for obtaining greater flexibility and efficacy. The assimilation of manufacturing infrastructure is possible through the use of latest technology wherein automation is the major factor that drives the successful transition [5]. Economic historians point out that there have been three epoch-making industrial revolutions, spanning nearly 200 years [6]. Table 1 shows the four stages of industrial revolution. Table 1: Industrial Revolutions Revolution

Time Period

Technologies

First

18th and 19th centuries

Water- and steam-powered mechanical manufacturing

Second

late 19th century –

Electric-powered mass production based on the division

1970s

of labour

1970s-Today

Electronics and information technology drives new

Third

levels of automation of complex tasks Fourth

Today

Based on Cyber- Physical System

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

The 4IR banks on the progresses made in the ICT. This is termed as the synthesis of cyber-physical systems (CPS) offering totally new competencies for humans and machines [6-9]. The 4IR signifies totally new means of embedding technology within societies as well as human bodies, as typified by the advent of new technological innovations like artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, Internet of Things, and self-driving vehicles. 1.1 Industry 4.0 These days, researchers express their views and interpretations regarding how the world should respond and why the global business culture should be concerned on the arrival of the 4IR [8-9]. The term Industry 4.0 was conceived as Industrie 4.0 by the Government of Germany, denoting a project devised for the future of German industrial production [10]. The preliminary journey towards a new technological revolution was evident with the announcement at the World Economic Forum (WEF) conference in January 2016 that provoked a profound interest about the advent of 4IR [11]. Other than Industry 4.0, there are some other terms which denote the same idea [12] for example, Industrial Internet [13], Manufacturing 4.0 [14], Smart Manufacturing [15-16] and Smart Factory [17]. The further evolution of advanced technology, blending internet and technological gadgets/tools such as sensors, intelligent robots, software data analysis, 3D printing, data storage cloud, and spread of wireless communication will impact the makeover of the industrial sector [18]. 1.2 Technologies of Industry 4.0 Industry 4.0 pertains to a new domain encompassing interconnection between the IoT and CPS in a manner where the blend of sensors, software, processors and communication technology plays a massive role in creating "things" to have the potential of providing information and ultimately adds value to manufacturing practices

[19-22]

. Nine technologies which drive the

transformation of present manufacturing processes to Industry 4.0 are IoT, Simulation, Horizontal and Vertical Integration, Cyber Security, The Cloud, Additive Manufacturing, Augmented Reality, Big Data Analytics and Autonomous Robot [19, 24]. IoT facilitates interaction among humans, machines and equipment and concerning intelligent manufacturing through the World Wide Web. CPS can enable real time communication and working with each other as well as humans

[23]

. In 4IR, Vertical

integration encompasses the vertical digitisation of processes across the organisation, starting from product development to logistics and services, whereas horizontal integration goes beyond internal operations, from supplier to consumer and all partners [16]. The big data framework under 4IR enables a complete assessment of data collected from different sources so as to aid real-time decision making, save energy, amplify quality of manufacturing, and improve equipment services

[25]

. For

simulation, the virtual prototype can capitalise on real-time data to mirror the physical world which involves humans, machines and products [19]. Under 4IR, robots will be more autonomous, flexible and cooperative. They will communicate with each other and work securely with humans while also learning from them. The competencies of these robots will be wider compared to those deployed in present manufacturing

[19]

. Systems based on augmented reality will support a multitude of services, such as

selecting parts in a warehouse and transferring repair directives by means of mobile devices

[26]

technology is termed as the notion of simulating an industrial unit online by utilising Web services

. In industry, the cloud

[27]

. Cloud computing has

the potential to manage several virtual computing data and form resource pools for offering on-demand service for personal as well as business users through different service modes online. The limited volume of custom-made products can be manufactured by deploying additive production approaches that provide development benefits such as intricate and lightweight designs. Optimal performance coupled with additive production systems that are decentralised help reduce transportation distances and available stock [19]. 4IR can also increase the risk of cyber security. Appropriate communication, access and identity management of users as well as machines are vital for detecting threats to cyber security that could be amplified with the rise in connectivity and usage of standard communication protocols [24].

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

2.

Research Method

This study began with choosing the review topic, searching and examining the literature works. A wide-ranging number of papers were obtained by forming a search string using the keywords ‘fourth industrial revolution’ ‘Industry 4.0’, ‘4th industrial revolution’, ‘automation Malaysia’ and ‘internet of things’. An orderly search was carried out to determine academic papers through the e-databases of Science Direct, Scopus, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Elsevier, and Google Scholar. Furthermore, certain information collected from online sites as 4IR is comparatively new in Malaysia and not many academic researches has been carried out on it. The 58 references comprised 36 academic papers and books and 22 information extracts from reliable websites. This paper was split into two segments. The first segment offered review on the global trend of 4IR in other nations. The second segment offered a review on 4IR in Malaysia, focusing on the preparation to deal with the challenges that come with it. Figure 1 presents the methodology of this review.

Figure 1: Process Flow of the methodology of the study

3.

Review Analysis

3.1 Global Trend of Industry 4.0 Manufacturing countries such as United States (US), Germany, Japan, France, India and China have been developing technologies in different fields to attain Smart Manufacturing in the industrial arena over the last few years [28]. Figure 2 depicts the countries which have deployed Industry 4.0 in their production sector.

Figure 2: Countries that are part of the Fourth Industrial Revolution [No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

The Government of Germany announced ‘Industrie 4.0’ as the ultimate step towards establishing smart industrial units and blend of projects encompassing the government, private sector, and academia [29]. According to Germany, the transformation in industrial manufacturing and intelligent products generates more prospects to raise output, flexibility and quality in different economic zones [8]. Industry 4.0 will be espoused by an increasing number of German firms during 5–10 years and will help raise the output in all manufacturing sectors of the country by EUR90–150 billion [24]. Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition (SMLC), a non-profit entity, offers its backing to the manufacturing sector by means of commercialisation of smart manufacturing systems in the US [30]. SMLC is not essentially Industry 4.0; however, the mission and vision are almost the same. Its vision states that the future holds a “fundamental shift in manufacturing processes toward demand-dynamic economics, flexible factories, and demand-driven supply chain service enterprises” [31]. The SMLC vision’s is multi-dimensional where it must be implemented vertically across planning levels and horizontally across the product life cycle is to assimilate manufacturing ideas from leaders from the industry; confederations, academic world, and the government for developing cloud-based, open-design production infrastructure and marketplace [31]. The US is at present actively pursuing the R&D of major technologies such as big data analytics, IoT, system integration, CPS, sustainable production and additive manufacturing. In France, “Industry de Futur” was introduced to reform the manufacturing, business model and organisational setup through a new digital ecosystem [32]. This plan concentrates on nine primary markets: sustainable cities, new resources, transportation of tomorrow, ecological mobility, health of tomorrow, intelligent objects, intelligent food, digital economy, digital trust and intelligent food. Korea has deployed the manufacturing Industry Innovation 3.0 approach which mirrors Industry 4.0, adopting automation and data exchange which can enhance production technologies

[33]

. This approach aims to endorse innovation in production by

deploying the concept of a smart factory and advancement of core technologies pertaining to 3D printing, IoT and big data. The Government of Japan has taken actions to deploy the Industrial Value Chain Initiatives (IVI) that concentrate on IoT technologies and Industry 4.0 conceptions [34]. For instance, at Shimane Fujitsu, a manufacturing line for the overall process, right from assembly and testing to packaging is operated on the lines of a totally automatic assimilated line for a printed circuit board. The complete communication between humans and data enables a mixed flow production through the deployment of technologies like RFID tags and IoT [35]. Table 2 shows recent works and related technologies pertaining to the deployment of Industry 4.0 in different nations. In Southeast Asia, a country such as Singapore is embracing Industry 4.0 in Jurong Island Eco-industrial Park [36]. Emerging countries in Asia are characterised by low wages, including India and China, have expressed their commitment towards transforming their manufacturing industry. Some of the initiatives are ‘Made in India 2025’ and ‘Made in China 2025’ [23, 37]. “Made in China 2025” is a program started by the government to upgrade the country’s manufacturing sector and enable it to advance like countries such as Germany and other emerging nations with lower labour costs [37]. The objective is to transform China from being a manufacturing major into a global manufacturing player over a period of 10 years

[38]

.

The plan

concentrates on domains such as renewable energy automobiles, aerospace equipment, robotics, high-end computerised machinery, and biological medicine. The Government of India launched ‘Make in India’ to make local and multinational firms confident about manufacturing products within the country through a blend of industry and IoT [37] [39]. Table 2: Floating-point operations necessary to classify a sample Country

Author(s)

Germany

Kang et al. [29]

Key Technologies / Methods  Key Technology:  Sub-Technologies: Smart Manufacturing IoS, Broadband-Infra, Security and safety, Resource efficiency, Training and development,  Core Technology: Smart energy, Regulatory framework, CPS, IoT, Big Data, Sensor, Standardization and reference architecture Cloud Computing

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

Wee et al.

[40]

Ivanov et al.

[30]

glove and support straining manual movements

Kuge et al.

Dynamic model & algorithm in supply chain scheduling in smart factories

[13]

Kegermann et al.

Apply latest software NX, Team center, Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), SIMATIC controllers and SIMATIC IT, Manufacturing Execution System (MES) ALLROUNDER injection molding machine and a free former for additive

Rauen et al. [41]

China

Exoskeleton emulating the anatomy and physiology of the human hand. Wear as a

manufacturing are linked by means of a seven-axis robot monitor using tablet PC. [8]

Chunxi [42]

Intelligent autonomous machine and assistance system, CPS technologies, IoT Digital factory, Big data, Cloud service, Intelligent robot  Core Technologies: CPS, IoT/wireless platform,

Kang et al. [29]

Big Data/data analytics, Sensor, Cloud Computing,

United States

Smart energy, Additive

(US)

 Sub-Technologies: Reference structure, Robot system, Sustainable manufacturing, System integration, Interoperability, Multi-scale dynamic modeling and simulation, Intelligent automation, Cyber security

manufacturing Huang et al. [43] South Korea Switzerland

Kang et al. [29]

Additive manufacturing (AM)  3D Printing Core Technologies: CPS, IoT, 3D printing, Big data Cloud Computing, Sensor, Smart Energy, Hologram

Schlaepfer et al. [10]

Additive manufacturing (AM)  3D Printing  Cyber-infrastructure, high performing computing

Singapore

Pan et al. [36]

(HPC)  Eco-industrial parks (EIPs)

 Big data  Sensor technologies  Semantic web technologies

data storage India

Kegermann et al. [8]

Existence of Cyber-Physical Systems Innovation Hub Autonomous robots/machine and assistance system, IoT

3.2 Industry 4.0 prospects in Malaysia Today, Malaysia is taking steps to improve competitiveness, particularly in manufacturing exports which concentrate on frontier or high-value commodities. The country is quite dependent on the deployment of smart manufacturing practices as well as technologies to make sure the manufacturing sector would continue to expand at par with other emerging nations [44]. As per Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index 2016, Malaysia stood on the 17th position in the world and its index score was 59.0 out of 100 [45]. The list was topped by China (100), US (99.5) and Germany (99.3). A vital strategy to raise competitiveness is by espousing advanced technologies like smart products, IoT, smart production through 4IR [45]. Malaysian Government also has acknowledged the significance of digitalised technology for its economic sector, particularly the industrial segment. Furthermore, the government has recognised the significance of future manufacturing systems which intend to lend flexibility and enhance output in the industrial sector as pursued by governments [46]. As per the “2016 GE Global Innovation Barometer” report, a huge number of business executives in Malaysia are quite keen to be part of 4IR. About 76% of Malaysian executives were confident against 61% worldwide. Meanwhile, 72% of Malaysian executives were confident compared to 60% globally

[46]

. According to these statistics, Malaysian executives are optimistic

about transforming their present manufacturing systems to the new technological advancement driven by Industry 4.0. However,

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

their eagerness is not always supported by know-how and technology for deploying Industry 4.0. At present, countries such as Japan, Germany, US, India and China are deploying Industry 4.0 as major attributes of their economies. Being ready for the competition is vital to draw investors. With the advanced technology, Industry 4.0 holds the ability to draw increasing number of investors to invest in Malaysia. 3.3 Malaysia’s initiatives to encounter Industry 4.0 Revolution At present, Malaysia is preparing itself for Industry 4.0. Among the many initiatives taken is Economic Transformation Programme (ETP). By 2020, this program intends to transform the country into a high-income economy [48]. Under the ETP, projects will be initiated with the aim of providing a catalyst for the country’s economy and becoming a platform to augment the usage of automation in its sectors [49]. Moreover, the focus on smart manufacturing was stated in the 11th Malaysia Plan [5051]

. This plan also endorses the usage of ICT, particularly in supply chain management, business operations, and delivery

systems, while proceeding with the application of the Technology Commercialisation Platform (TCP) to improve productivity by means of innovation and automation. Automation Capital Allowance (ACA) was launched as part of Malaysia’s Budget 2015, marking it as one of the initiatives to stimulate transformation of the manufacturing industry. The Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA) has sanctioned 24 applications since its execution. With this automation, it is possible for firms to attain, on average, a rise of 20–30% in manufacturing volume [51]. For embracing Industry 4.0, a key aspect is to bring on board individuals with specific talents to handle the integration of automation and ICT in several applications. As per prior study, Industry 4.0 would drive a reduction in low-skill tasks and a rise in high-skill tasks, including implementation of control and IT related activities and automation

[52]

. At present, the

production, agriculture, and construction segments in Malaysia employed more than 30% of foreign labourers, the majority of them being low skilled [50, 53]. Thus, a key focus of the 11th Malaysia Plan is on raising the efficacy of the labour market to speed up economic progress. The main strategies involve improving labour output and decreasing reliance on low skilled labourers. Malaysia’s Economic Planning Unit (EPU) too has designed a five-year exhaustive blueprint that aims to improve output and decrease reliance on labour and capital inputs. Furthermore, it is necessary to concentrate on uninterrupted learning, education and training to get the labour force ready for prospective qualification prerequisites of Industry 4.0 technologies. This is vital to evade unemployment. The Government of Malaysia has launched multiple programs so that the youth is ready to take up jobs. These include offering training through initiatives like 1Malaysia Skills Training and Enhancement for the Rakyat (1MASTER), National Dual Training System (NDTS), and 1Malaysia Skills and Employability Programme (SKK1M)

[50]

. Furthermore, the government believes

that the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) segment is a major means of supplying highly skilled labour force that would also be a main driver of the economy for emerging high-income countries [54]. Furthermore, TVET will be a crucial enabler for ensuring a successful Economic Transformation Programme (ETP)

[55]

. The existing labourers would get

several opportunities for improving and upgrading themselves such that they can continue to be relevant with economic transformations. The 2050 National Transformation (TN50) roadmap is another effort by Malaysian Government to feature in the top 20 nations of the world by 2050 with regards to economic advancement, citizen welfare, and advances in science and technology [56]. Furthermore, TN50 is an extension of Vision 2020 which grooms Malaysia for prospective technological progresses and economic challenges, to be at par with economic giants such as United States, China and Japan [57]. This can be achieved by espousing automation that can propel the country’s economy [56]. When launching the TN50, the prime minister of Malaysia said that the digital economy would aid in uplifting the country’s economy to RM8.8 million or USD2 trillion in eight years from the current value of USD1.3 trillion [58]. TN50 will concentrate on the young generation to build Malaysia’s future. Thus,

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

to deal with 4IR, young individuals are being inspired to take up technology-based courses, particularly robotic and engineering, to aid in building industries by means of automation [56]. Malaysian Digital Economy Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (MDEC) is a government agency set up in 1996 to kick off the makeover of the country’s digital economy [59]. The key areas are IoT, big data analytics (BDA), data centre & cloud, and e-commerce [60]. MDEC intends to achieve this transformation through different means such as by initiating the National BDA Innovation network to promote BDA in the country. Participating firms include SAP, Dell, Telekom Malaysia, IBM, Microsoft, HP, Oracle and SAS. Furthermore, MDEC issues product development and commercialisation funds (PCF) to five local entities for successful BDA development, propelling its further advancement and commercialisation [61]. For promoting IoT, the Government of Malaysia has come up with the National IoT Strategy Roadmap. The goal behind this is to set up a national ecosystem that enables the propagation of usage as well as industrialisation of IoT which can speed up economic advancement. Three long-term IoT approaches have been formulated: Open Community Data Framework, Open Innovation Framework, and IoT Malaysia [62]. MDEC had joined forces with MDT Innovation and Vitrox Corporation as part of its IoT deployment program.

4.

Conclusions and Future Works

The Government of Germany has identified Industry 4.0 as one of the 10 future schemes which constitute the High-Tech Strategy 2020. This paper offers an appraisal of the global 4IR trend in other countries and how Malaysia can prepare itself to deal with the 4IR challenges that its industry might face. Since the advent of ICT, the economies of certain counties of the world have improved as their business organisations are able to compete by means of the execution of automation and CPS. Thus, it can be said that Malaysia is now one of the new players of Industry 4.0, wherein it has implemented few of the nine Industry 4.0 technologies such as automation, IoT, robotics, and big data analytics. Several preparations have been made by its government to espouse Industry 4.0. However, if there is not much response to the programs from manufacturers and organisations, the execution of 4IR will be tougher in moving forward. Thus, more education and acquaintances are required to draw manufacturers towards Industry 4.0. In the challenging economic environment of today, it is certainly advisable to espouse Industry 4.0 as its technological advancements to attract more investments and trade prospects for the existing and newer industry in the country by raising FDI otherwise, Malaysia would lag behind other advanced countries such as China, the US, Japan and Germany as the competition in today’s marketplace is mostly centred on cutting-edge technology systems. Not many paper reviews regarding Industry 4.0 are available in Malaysia. Thus, this paper is expected to fill the gap and offer more ideas regarding the deployment of Industry 4.0 in the country. The study would also scrutinise the readiness of manufacturing industries in Malaysia to implement Industry 4.0 concept and also offer a new framework as a reference tool for Industry 4.0 which would prove to be advantageous to manufacturing industry.

5.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Malaysian Government and Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), for their financial support.

6.

References

(1) Ganeshwaran,K., Economic report 2016/2017: Domestic demand, manufacturing to underpin growth [Online],(2016), Available:http://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2016/10/21/domestic-demand-manufacturing-to-underpingrowth/.

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

(2) Rashid, A.R., Yeo, E.P., Singh, A., Puri, A. K.

and Cheong, P., Budget 2017 Malaysia [Online], (2016), Available:

http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ey-take-5-budget-2017-malaysia/$FILE/ey-take-5-budget-2017-malaysia.pdf. (3) Moreira, M. M. "Fear of china: Is there a future for manufacturing in Latin America?". World Development, Vol. 35, No. 3, (2007), pp. 355–376. (4) Mohamad, E., Muhammad, M.R., Abdullah, R., and Saptari, A., 2008, A study on The Development of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) at Aerospace Manufacturing Company, Journal Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.2 No.2, pp 1-17. (5) Lydon, B., Worldwide manufacturing technology changes [Online]. (2017), Available: http://www.automation.com/automationnews/article/worldwide-manufacturing-technology-changes. (6) Drath, R. and Horch, A.,"Industrie 4.0: Hit or hype?”. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, Vol. 8, No. 2, (2014) , pp. 56–58. (7) Lee, J., Kao, H. A. and Yang, S., "Service innovation and smart analytics for industry 4.0 and big data environment", Proceedia CIRP, Vol. 16, (2014), pp. 3-8. (8) Kagermann, H., Helbig, J., Hellinger,A. and Wahlster,W., "Recommendations for implementing the strategic initiative industrie 4.0: Securing the future of german manufacturing industry,” Acatech, Germany, (2013). (9) Schlechtendahl, J., Keinert, M., Kretschmer,F., Lechler, A. and Verl, A. "Making existing production systems industry 4.0ready," Production Engineering - Research and Development, Vol. 9, No. 1,(2014), pp. 143–148. (10) Schlaepfer, R.C., Koch, M and Merkofer, P., Industry 4.0. Challenges and solutions for the digital transformation and use of exponential technologies, (2015), Available:https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ch/Documents/manufacturing/chen-manufacturing-industry-4-0-24102014.pdf (11) Ahmad, A., "Is it The Dawn of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Malaysia," my Foresight, (2016), pp. 4–7. (12) Sniderman, B., Mahto,M.,and Cotteleer,M., Industry 4.0 and manufacturing ecosystems in Deloitte, DU Press [Online],(2013), Available:

https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/focus/industry-4-0/manufacturing-ecosystems-exploring-world-connected-

enterprises.html. (13) Geissbauer,R., Kuge,S., Schrauf,S. and Koch,V., Industry 4.0: Opportunities and challenges of the industrial internet in Strategy [Online], (2015), Available: http://www.strategyand.pwc.com/reports/industry-4-0. (14) Qin, J., Liu. Y., and Grosvenor, R., "A categorical framework of manufacturing for industry 4.0 and beyond," Proceedia CIRP, Vol. 52, (2016), pp. 173-178. (15) Helu,M., and Hedberg,T., "Enabling smart manufacturing research and development using a product Lifecycle test bed," Proceedings Manufacturing, Vol. 1, (2015), pp. 86–97. (16) Ezell, S. J., A policymaker’s guide to smart manufacturing [Online], (2016), Available FTP: http://www2.itif.org/2016-policymakersguide-smart-manufacturing.pdf (17) Bauer,M., Jendoubi,L., and Siemoneit,O., "Smart factory–Mobile computing in production environments." Proceedings MobiSys 2004 Workshop on Applications of Mobile Embedded Systems, Boston, USA, (2004), pp. 18-20. (18) Grangel-Gonzalez ,I., Halilaj,L., Coskun,G., Auer,S., Collarana,D., and Hoffmeister,M., "Towards a semantic administrative shell for industry 4.0 components," Proceedings IEEE 10th International Conference on Semantic Computing, Laguna Hills, CA, USA, (2016). pp. 230-237. (19) Bahrin,M.A.K., Othman,M.F., Azli,N.H.N., and Talib,M.F., "Industry 4.0: A Review on Industrial Automation and Robotic", Jurnal Teknologi, Vol. 78, No.6, (2016), pp.137-143. (20) Mohamad, E., and Ito, T., (2013), ‘Integration of e-learning and simulation to user training programme of SMED’, International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services, Vol.3, No.2, pp.121-136. (21) Mohamad, E., and Sulaiman, M.A., (2016), Simulation-based approach to Lean Manufacturing, Monograph Series, ISBN 978967-0257-59-4, Penerbit Universiti: Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. (22) Mohamad, E., Ibrahim, M.A., Shibghatullah, A.S., Rahman, M.A.A., Sulaiman, M.A., Rahman, A.A.A., Abdullah, S. and Salleh, M.R., (2016). A Simulation-Based Approach for Lean Manufacturing Tools Implementation: A Review, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol 11, Issue 5, pp 3400-3406. (23) Liu,Y., and Xu,X., "Industry 4.0 And Cloud Manufacturing: A Comparative Analysis," Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 139, (2016), pp. 034701-034701.

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

(24) Rüßmann, M., Lorenz, M., Gerbert, P., Waldner, M., Justus, J., Angel. P., and Harnisch, M., "Industry 4.0: The future of productivity and growth in manufacturing industries," The Boston Consulting Group, Boston, MA, 2015. (25) Cohen,J., Dolan,B., Dunlap,M., Hellerstein,J., and Welton,C., "MAD skills: New Analysis Practices for Big Data", Proceedingss of the VLDB Endowment, Vol. 2, No. 2, (2009), pp. 1481-1492. (26) Geissbauer, R., Vedso, J., and Shrauf, S., Industry 4.0: Building the digital enterprise [Online], (2016), Available FTP: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/industries-4.0/landing-page/industry-4.0-building-your-digital-enterprise-april-2016.pdf (27) Zhang, L., Luo, Y., Tao,F.,

Li,B., Ren,L., Zhang,X., Guo,H., Cheng,Y., Hu,A., and Liu,Y., "Cloud manufacturing: a new

manufacturing paradigm", Enterprise Information Systems, Vol. 8, No. 2, (2012), pp. 167-187. (28) O’Donovan, P., Leahy, K., Bruton, K., and O’Sullivan, D. T. J.,"An industrial big data pipeline for data-driven analytics maintenance applications in large-scale smart manufacturing facilities," Journal of Big Data, Vol. 2, no. 1, (2015). (29) Kang, H. S., Lee, J. Y. , Choi, S. , Kim, H. , Park, J. H, Son, J. Y. , Kim, B. H., and Noh, S. D., "Smart manufacturing: Past research, present findings, and future directions," International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, (2016), pp. 111–128. (30) Ivanov, D., Dolgui, A., Sokolov, B., Werner, F., and Ivanova, M., "A dynamic model and an algorithm for short-term supply chain scheduling in the smart factory industry 4.0," International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 54, No. 2, (2015), pp. 386–402. (31) Davis, J., Edgar, T., Porter, J., Bernaden, J., and Sarli, M., "Smart manufacturing, manufacturing intelligence and demanddynamic performance", Computers & Chemical Engineering, Vol. 47, (2012), pp. 145-156. (32) Leeuw,V.D., France’s "Industrie du Futur’ is well on track" Industrial IoT/Industrie 4.0 Viewpoints [Online],(2015), Available: https://industrial-iot.com/2015/08/frances-industrie-du-futur-is-well-on-track/ (33) Kim, M., "Smart Factory Innovation in Manufacturing 3.0 Strategy Needs Better Focus with Clearer Direction", Bussiness Korea, Vol.32, No. 367, (2017), pp. 16-17. (34) Dressler, U., Internet of things in Japan: Quietly, systematically plowing ahead [Online], (2016). Available: https://www.japanindustrynews.com/2016/04/internet-things-japan-quietly-systematically-plowing-ahead/. (35) Nishioka,

Y.,

Japanese

Factories

Connected

Together

[Online],

(2017),

Available:

http://www.meti.go.jp/english/publications/pdf/journal2015_05a.pdf. (36) Pan, M., Sikorsi, J., Kastner, C. A., Akroyd, J., Mosbach, S., Lau, R., and Kraft, M., “Applying industry 4.0 to the Jurong island Eco-industrial park," Energy Procedia., Vol. 75, (2015), pp. 1536–1541. (37) Wolf, C., China and India, 2025 A Comparative Assessment. RAND National Defense Research [Online], (2011), Available: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2011 (38) Yanlin,

W.,

Shanghai

seeks

to

tap

German

prowess

[Online],

(2017),

Available:

https://www.shine.cn/archive/business/manufacturing/Shanghai-seeks-to-tap-German-prowess/shdaily.shtml. (39) Abhishek, R., Towards Smart Manufacturing: Industry 4.0 and India - Make In India [Online], (2017), Available: http://www.makeinindia.com/article/-/v/towards-smart-manufacturing-industry-4-0-and-India. (40) Wee, D., Kelly,R., Cattel, J., and Breunig, M., "Industry 4.0—How to Navigate Digitization of the Manufacturing sector." McKinsey Digital, (2015), pp. 1-62. (41) Rauen,H., Industrie 4.0 in practice – Solutions for industrial applications [Online],(2015), Available FTP: https://ant.vdma.org/documents/196104/15495866/Industrie+in+practice+2016.pdf/5ac241bc-d716-45e5-9a06-d36bce8226a1 (42) Chunxi,W., "Intelligent manufacturing — Chinese industry 4.0", 2015 54th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE), Hangzhou, (2015), pp. 997-1002. (43) Yan,B., and Huang, G. ,"Supply chain information transmission based on RFID and internet of things," Proceedings of the ISECS International colloquium on computing, communication, control, and management, Sanya, Taiwan, (2009). pp. 166-169. (44) Ahmad.F., MIDA Collaborates With UM & UTEM to Embark On A Study On Future Manufacturing [Online],(2016), Available: http://www.mida.gov.my/home/3187/news/mida-collaborates-with-um-utem-to-embark-on-a-study-on-future-manufacturing/.

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕

CopyrightⒸ2018 一般社団法人 日本機械学会

(45) Giff, C. A., Rodriguez, M. D., Gangula, B., Roth, A. V., and Hanley, T. , 2016 Global manufacturing competitiveness index [Online],

(2016),

Available:

https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/gr/Documents/about-

deloitte/gr_global_mfg_competitiveness_2016_noexp.pdf. (46) Hashim, M. K., and Abdullah. M. S., "A proposed framework for redefining SMEs in Malaysia: One industry, one definition," Asian Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 5, No. 1, (2000), pp. 65-79. (47) GE

Report

“GE

Staff,

Global

Innovation

Barometer

2016,"

in GE

Reports

[Online],(2016),Available:

http://www.gereports.com/innovation-barometer-2016/. (48) PEMANDU. (2013). Overview of ETP [Online]. Available: http://etp.pemandu.gov.my/About_ETP-@-Overview_of_ETP.aspx. (49) Mahbub, R., "Readiness of a Developing Nation in Implementing Automation and Robotics Technologies in Construction: A Case Study of Malaysia", Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Vol. 6, No. 7, (2012), pp. 858-866. (50) EPU,

Eleventh

Malaysia

Plan:

Anchoring

growth

on

people

[Online].

(2015),

Available:

Malaysia

[Online].

(2017).,

Available:

http://www.epu.gov.my/sites/default/files/Chapter%201.pdf (51) Bernama.

Smart

Manufacturing,

The

Way

Foward

For

http://mrem.bernama.com/viewsm.php?idm=28263. (52) Bonekamp,L., and Sure,M., "Consequences of Industry 4.0 on Human Labour and Work Organisation", Journal of Business and Media Psychology, Vol. 6, (2017), pp. 33-40. (53) E. Ramstetter, "Experiences with Foreign Workers in Singapore and Malaysia: What are the Lessons for Japan’s Labor Markets?", AGI Working Paper Series, Vol. 6, (2016), pp. 1-60. (54) Rasul, M. S., Ashari, Z. H. M., Azman. N., and Rauf. R. A., "Transforming TVET in Malaysia: Harmonizing the governance structure in a multiple stakeholder setting", Tvet @Asia, Vol. 4, (2015), pp. 1-12. (55) MIDA, Education and Industrial Training Services. [Online]. (2017). Available: http://www.mida.gov.my/home/educationand-industrial-training-services/posts/. (56) Avineshwaran,

T.L,

Level

up

on

automation’



Community

[Online],

(2017),

Available:

http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2017/01/26/level-up-on-automation-minister-says-more-experts-in-roboticsneeded-for-country-to-progress. (57) Bernama,

TN50

to

enhance

education,

create

competitive

youths

[Online],(2017),Available:

http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/tn50-to-enhance-education-create-competitive-youths. (58) Bernama , Matrade: TN50 to prepare nation’s economic structure after if high-income status achieved by 2020 [Online], (2017), Available: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/matrade-tn50-to-prepare-nations-economic-structure-after-ifhigh-income-sta. (59) MDEC, About MDEC [Online]. (2017), Available: https://www.mdec.my/about-mdec. (60) MDEC, Catalyzing Digital Innovation Ecosystem [Online]. (2017), Available: https://www.mdec.my/digital-innovationecosystem. (61) MDEC, MDEC Launches National Big Data Analytics (BDA) Innovation Network [Online], (2017), Available: https://www.mdec.my/news/big-data. (62) MIMOS, National Internet of Things (IoT) Strategic Roadmap: A Summary [Online], (2017), Available: http://www.mimos.my/iot/National_IoT_Strategic_Roadmap_Summary.pdf.

[No.18-11] 日本機械学会 第 28 回設計工学・システム部門講演会講演論文集〔2018.11.4-6, 沖縄県読谷村〕