Romana Roschinsky

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youtube/Draw with Jazza. We need a ... 3) INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING ... SMALL BUSINESSES were created: sale of botanical solutions, compost.
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FACILITATING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ON SMALLHOLDER FARMS THROUGH FARMERS’ COLLECTIVE LED ON-FARM ADAPTIVE RESEARCH

Romana Roschinsky Sunil Simon, Pranab Ranjan Choudhury, Augusting Baroi, Manindra Malla, Sukleash George Costa, Valentine Denis Pankaj, Chintan Manandhar, Manfred Aichinger, Maria Wurzinger

© UN.org 2015

South Asia…with 1.75 billion people the most populated region: A region facing many challgenges: Population growth Socio-dempgraphic changes: urban migration Scarce natural resources: land, water AND Climate change

Western Ghats India: dry season (upper) and monsoon (lower) © Arne Hückelheim 2010 via Wikipedia

South Asia is chracterized by the monsoon. Annual phenomenon Dictating rain-fed farming systems Influencing whic crops are cultivated, and when Picture: the influence of monsoon: dry season pictured on top – monsoon season pictured at the bottom

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© news.com.au © Shafiqul Islam/WPN

Climate Change has a great influence on this system Temperatures rise Rainfall decreased The monsoon changes drastically becomes unpredictable Extreme events like droughts and flood become more frequent

© SAF-BIN/Caritas Nepal

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas India And who is most affected by these changes? Smallholder farmers like this Indian couple They farm on less than 2ha, like 70% of farmers in this region and are The Backbone of South Asian food security; They depend on regular seasons and rainfall Their Strategies, developed over generations are no longer effective. Picture: a smallholder farmer couple from India – participants of SAF-BIN project

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Nepal What are the issues? The agricultural research and extension systems do not provide solutions for smallholder systems. Available technologies are often: Unsuitable for the small structures; Out of reach for smallholder farmers; Focus on few crops (rice, wheat,..) ; ignore traditional practices BUT: farmers need to increase their adaptive capactity to ensure food security Picture: SAF-BIN participants in Kaski, Nepal establishing an on-farm adaptive trial plot

We need a TRANSFORMATION!!!!

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THAT IS WHY WE NEED A TRANSFORMATION - a stronger system! Agricultural research and extension MUST work WITH farmers produce RELEVANT OUTPUTS FOR small farmers. Participatory research methods have potential as they bring together farmers, research, extension and other actors to come up with solutions together

THE SAF-BIN project wanted to fill this gap EU-funded, 5 years (2011-2016), Multi-sector cooperation: research and civil society

APPLIED: FARMER COLLECTIVE LED ON-FARM ADAPTIVE RESEARCH To PROMOTE local food and nutritional security through adaptive smallholder farming in the context of climate change.

© UN.org 2015

Where was SAF-BIN active? 4300 farmers directly involved in 270 smallholder farmers groups 9 districts, 90 villages The approach put FARMERS are AT THE CENTRE, and actively involved in all steps of the research process. THERE WERE 5 STEPS!

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Bangladesh 1) DIAGNOSIS Farmers, project staff, research, extension and administration TOGETHER identified CLIMATE CHANGE CAHLLENGES and food security issues. Local practices and innovations fro climate change mitigation were documented. Picture: Participatory Rural Appraisal exercise in a village participating in SAF-BIN project in Bangladesh

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas India 2) DESIGN Multi-stakeholder process research priorities were identified: WHICH crops…. WHICH problems with climate change? LOCAL PRACTICES and FORMAL RESEARCH OUTPUTS were combined and selected for on-farm research trials. FARMERS DECIDED which crops they wanted to work on and which problems needed to be addressed. Photo: Village level meeting in Khargatorra village, Sagar district (INDIA)

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Nepal 3) INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING Smallholder farmer groups were established to implement on-farm adaptive research trials 15 farmers, 3-4 groups/ village, regular meetings (every 14 days) Design, establish, monitor, analyse and adapt on-farm research trials. Picture: a smallholder farmer collective meeting in Nepal

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Bangladesh 4) IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING In the FARMERS OWN FIELDS trials were conducted. Alternative strategies were compared in a simple research design. All STEPS were taken by THE FARMER GROUP, supported by the PROJECT TEAM: trial setup, data collection, data analysis and, if the farmers wished it, adaptation of the trials. Picture: a smallholder farmer collective in Bangladesh, Nepal monitors the on-going on-farm research trial

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Bangladesh 5) SHARING AND DISSEMINATION To REACH as many PEOPLE as possible results of ON-FARM TRIALS were shared with OTHERS At local, regional, national and international level. NETWORKS were established, COOPERATIONS with extension and research organisations initiated. Picture: Farmer Fair in Bangladesh, used to share

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Nepal WHAT WERE THE RESULTS of SAF-BIN? FARMERS INCREASED their ANALYTICAL and DECISION MAKING SKILLS FARMER GROUPS as local institutions EVOLVED into sustainable initiatives like saving groups, communal use of inputs). FARMERS BUILT THEIR CONFIDENCE to approach and interact with government institutions, researchers, extension agents. Picture: Participatory Rural Appraisal exercise in Nepal

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Bangladesh FARMERS were able to INCREASE their YIELDS through: improved varieties, Improved practices, close monitoring! Sustainable fertilization and pest control technologies Picture: A farmer and participant of SAF-BIN presenting his rice harvest in Bangladesh

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Nepal Local communities have more FOOD SECURE DAYS from their OWN PRODUCTION On average from 179 food secure days BEFORE SAF-BIN to 260 food secure days AFTER SAF-BIN. MORE OPTIONS for CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTTION are AVAILABLE. Picture: Farmers and SAF-BIN participants in Nepal presenting their potato harvest

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas India CROP DIVERSITY has INCREASED. MORE items in the FOOD BASKET means more options for NUTRITIOUS food. TRADITIONAL food sources have been REVIVED (KODO millet, fish ponds, snail cultivation). Production systems have bcome more diverse which increases resilience for smallholder farmers.Indian farmers present the diversity of leafy vegetables available

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas India SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION PRACTICES AND KNOWLEDGE HAVE SPREAD This farmer stopped the spread of chilli leaf curl virus with BOTANICAL SOLUTIONS made from LOCAL MATERIALS, Cheap and safe technology, LOCAL PRACTICES DOCUMENTED 1st year alone: 297 practices documented  pool of technologies for future use. Picture: Farmer and SAF-BIN participant Ramesh Balla, Sagar District, MP, India in his chilli plot

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas Bangladesh COMMUNITIES take CARE of their own SEED SUPPLY. SEED BANKS created, the are reliable and local. SMALL BUSINESSES were created: sale of botanical solutions, compost FARMERS NOT PARTICIPATING can also BENEFIT. A SAF-BIN participant in Bangladesh showcases the locally established seedbank

THANK YOU!!! Farmers SAF-BIN partners and team European Union

More information: www.safbin.org www.boku.ac.at/cdr/

© SAF-BIN project/Caritas India With this I hope I could show you HOW involving farmers through ON-FARM RESEARCH can INCREASE their OPTIONS to ADAPT to climate change and INCREASE FOOD SECURITY A PROMISING approach for SUSTAINBALE SUPPORT of other farmers in other regions. Picture: A farmer during rice transplantation in India