ScienceDirect Effect of electrode diameter and input

0 downloads 0 Views 824KB Size Report
TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding or GasYShielded Tungsten Arc Welding ... conducted using Lincoln Electric V205T TIG welding machine, a servo motor driven.
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2369 – 2375

,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DWHULDOV(QJLQHHULQJ $00(

(IIHFWRI HOHFWURGHGLDPHWHUDQGLQSXWFXUUHQW RQ JDVWXQJVWHQDUF ZHOGLQJKHDW GLVWULEXWLRQSDUDPHWHUV %5DNHVK&KDQGUDD 6DQMLYL $UXOD56HOODPXWKXD D

'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ$PULWD6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJ$PULWD9LVKZD 9LG\DSHHWKDP&RLPEDWRUH UDNHVK#JPDLOFRP VBDUXO#FEDPULWDHGX UBVHOODPXWKX#FEDPULWDHGX

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© Ltd. This is an open access article ‹ 2014 Elsevier 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU /WGunder the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). 6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI 2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRI$00( Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 .H\ZRUGV *DV 7XQJVWHQ $UF :HOGLQJ *7$:$UF3DUDPHWHUV:HOGLQJ&XUUHQW(OHFWURGH'LDPHWHU:HOGLQJ6SHHG5HJUHVVLRQ$QDO\VLV

,QWURGXFWLRQ 7,* 7XQJVWHQ,QHUW*DV ZHOGLQJRU*DV6KLHOGHG7XQJVWHQ$UF:HOGLQJ *7$: LVD SURFHGXUHZKLFKXVHVD QRQFRQVXPDEOHVROLGWXQJVWHQHOHFWURGH7KHHOHFWURGHWKHDUFDQGWKHDUHDVXUURXQGLQJWKHPROWHQZHOG SRRO DUH SURWHFWHG IURP WKH DWPRVSKHUH E\ DQ LQHUW JDV VKLHOG 7KH SURFHVV FDQ HPSOR\ GLUHFW FXUUHQW ZLWK SRVLWLYH RU QHJDWLYHHOHFWURGH RUDOWHUQDWLQJFXUUHQW

5DNHVK&KDQGUD%7HO (PDLODGGUHVV UDNHVK#JPDLOFRP

2211-8128 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.481

2370

B. Rakesh Chandra et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2369 – 2375

7KH FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI KHDW VRXUFH GXULQJ JDV WXQJVWHQ DUF ZHOGLQJ LV QHFHVVDU\ LQ RUGHU WR SUHGLFW WKH PLFURVWUXFWXUHDQGPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHZHOGPHQW9DULRXVPRGHOV RI WKH KHDW VRXUFHJHRPHWU\LQFOXGLQJ 5RVHQWKDO¶VSRLQWRUDOLQHKHDWVRXUFH3DYHOLF¶VGLVFPRGHO 3DYHOLFHWDO DQG*ROGDN¶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ൌ



Ȁሺ Ǥ ሻ

:KHUH4QHW LVWKHQHWIOX[LQSXW9LVWKHYROWDJH DQG,LVWKHFXUUHQW )RUILQGLQJWKHQHWIOX[ LQSXWWKH\SURSRVHGDQRWKHUHTXDWLRQ

:KHUH

ൌ ሺ

Ǥ



ሻȀ͵

LVWKHSHDNKHDWLQWHQVLW\$L LVWKHDUHDRIKHDWDSSOLFDWLRQ

7KHDUHDRIKHDWLQFLGHQWRQWKHZRUNSLHFHVXUIDFHGHWHUPLQHVWKHKHDWGLVWULEXWLRQRQPHWDOVXUIDFH $UXODQG 6HOODPXWKX  REVHUYHGWKDW WKHSURMHFWHGDUFDUHDLVIRXQGWRLQFUHDVHZLWKFXUUHQWDQGHOHFWURGHGLVWDQFH DQGWRGHFUHDVH ZLWKHOHFWURGHWLSDQJOH ZKHUHDVLWLV IRXQGWREHLQGHSHQGHQWRIVSHHG7KHVKDSHRI WKH SURMHFWHG DUFDUHDLVREVHUYHGWREHVHPLFLUFXODULQWKHIURQWDQGVHPLHOOLSWLFDOLQWKH UHDUIRUPRYLQJKHDWVRXUFH $UXO DQG 6HOODPXWKX  $ VFKHPDWLF GLDJUDP RI WKH EHDGRQSODWH ZHOGLQJ SURFHVV IRU D PRYLQJ VRXUFH LV VKRZQLQWKHILJ 

)LJ  6FKHPDWLFRIWKHEHDGRQSODWHZHOGLQJSURFHVV 7KHDUHDRIKHDWLQFLGHQWRQWKHZRUNSLHFHLVFDOFXODWHGIURPWKHH[SUHVVLRQ $UXODQG6HOODPXWKX  $L



Ǥ



,QWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\WKHHIIHFWRIWKHHOHFWURGHGLDPHWHU DQGFXUUHQW RQWKH DUF GLVWULEXWLRQ LVLQYHVWLJDWHG

B. Rakesh Chandra et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2369 – 2375

2371

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

)LJ([SHULPHQWDOVHWXS

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

)LJ7\SLFDOIURQWYLHZRIWKHDUF

2372

B. Rakesh Chandra et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2369 – 2375

5HVXOWVDQGGLVFXVVLRQ $UFSDUDPHWHUV 7KH YDULDWLRQ RI DUF SDUDPHWHUV ZLWK FKDQJH LQ HOHFWURGH GLDPHWHU DQG FXUUHQW DUH VKRZQ LQ ILJXUH  DQG  )LJXUH  VKRZVWKH YDULDWLRQ RIDI DQG ILJ  VKRZV WKH YDULDWLRQRIDU ZLWK ZHOGLQJYDULDEOHV)URPWKHSORWVLWLV XQGHUVWRRGWKDWDI DQGDU YDOXHVLQFUHDVHVDVFXUUHQWDQGHOHFWURGHGLDPHWHUVDUHLQFUHDVHG (IIHFWRI HOHFWURGH GLDPHWHU ,W FDQEHQRWHGIURPILJXUHV  DQG  WKDWDVWKHHOHFWURGHGLDPHWHULQFUHDVHV WKHDI DQGDU YDOXHVDOVRLQFUHDVHV ,Q WKHOLWHUDWXUHLWLVIRXQGWKDWH[SHULPHQWVZHUHFRQGXFWHGWRLQYHVWLJDWHWKHYDULDWLRQRIDUFSDUDPHWHUVE\FKDQJLQJ WKHHOHFWURGHWLS DQJOH $UXODQG6HOODPXWKX 'REUDQV]N\ HWDO *RRGDU]L HWDO 7KH\KDYHIRXQG RXW WKDW LQFUHDVH LQ WLS DQJOH VKULQNV WKH DUF GLDPHWHU (DUOLHU VWXGLHV ZHUH GRQH WR ILQG WKH YDULDWLRQ LQ DUF GLPHQVLRQZLWKFKDQJHLQHOHFWURGHGLVWDQFH $UXODQG 6HOODPXWKX7VDLDQG(DJHU $OOXP 7KH\ FRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHDUFSDUDPHWHUVLQFUHDVHZLWKLQFUHDVHLQHOHFWURGHGLVWDQFH ,QWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\WKRULDWHGWXQJVWHQHOHFWURGHRIPPPPPPDQG PPGLDPHWHUVZLWKWLSDQJOH  ZHUH XVHGLQWKHH[SHULPHQW7KHYDOXH RIDI DQGDU LQFUHDVHG ZLWKLQFUHDVHLQHOHFWURGHGLDPHWHU$VDUHVXOW WKHDUHDRIKHDWSURMHFWHGRQWKHZHOGVXUIDFHZDVDOVR LQFUHDVHG

)LJ 9DULDWLRQRIDI ZLWKZHOGLQJYDULDEOHV

2373

B. Rakesh Chandra et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2369 – 2375

)LJ  9DULDWLRQRIDU ZLWKZHOGLQJYDULDEOHV

,WFDQEHQRWHGWKDWERWK DI DQGDU LQFUHDVH ZLWKHOHFWURGH GLDPHWHU DQG FXUUHQW (IIHFWRIZHOGLQJFXUUHQW )URP ILJXUHV    LW LV FOHDU WKDW WKH YDOXHV RI DI DQG DU IRU YDULRXV ZHOGLQJ FXUUHQWV IRU D JLYHQ HOHFWURGH GLDPHWHU LQFUHDVHV 6RPHOLWHUDWXUHVKDYHUHSRUWHG WKDWWKHDUFUDGLXVUHPDLQVDSSUR[LPDWHO\FRQVWDQWIRUFXUUHQWVIURPWR $ 0HQGH] ZKHUHDVVRPHOLWHUDWXUHV $UXODQG6HOODPXWKX %LVHQHWDO 7VDLDQG(DJHU KDYHUHYHDOHGWKDWWKHGLVWULEXWLRQSDUDPHWHULQFUHDVHVZLWKFXUUHQW )LJ JLYHVYDULDWLRQRIDI DQGDU ZLWKFXUUHQW IRUPPGLDPHWHUHOHFWURGH %DVHGRQWKHVHUHVXOWVUHSRUWHGLQ ILJ LWFDQEHLQIHUUHGWKDWWKHDI DQGDU YDOXHV LQFUHDVHZLWKFXUUHQWDQREVHUYDWLRQ WKDWDJUHHV ZLWK UHVXOWVRI $UXODQG6HOODPXWKX   %LVHQHWDO  DQG 7VDL DQG(DJHU   3DUDPHWULF PRGHOE\UHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLV 7KH YDOXHV RI HOHFWURGH GLDPHWHU DQG ZHOGLQJ FXUUHQW DUH QRUPDOL]HG XVLQJ PLQLPXPPD[LPXP PHWKRG DQG ZHUHXVHGIRUUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLV $OLQHDUUHJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLVZDVSHUIRUPHGWREXLOGDSDUDPHWULFPRGHOEHWZHHQ WKHDUFSDUDPHWHUVDQGWKHZHOGLQJYDULDEOHVQDPHO\GLDPHWHURIWKHHOHFWURGHDQGZHOGLQJFXUUHQW7KHUHJUHVVLRQ HTXDWLRQV DUHJLYHQDV DI ',  DU ', :KHUH'DQG,DUHHOHFWURGHGLDPHWHULQPPDQGFXUUHQWLQDPSVUHVSHFWLYHO\



2374

B. Rakesh Chandra et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2369 – 2375

7KHDUHD$LLVFDOFXODWHGIURPWKHHTXDWLRQ  )LJ  VKRZVWKHYDULDWLRQRIDUHDRIKHDWDSSOLFDWLRQZLWKHOHFWURGHGLDPHWHUIRU$FXUUHQW,WFDQEH REVHUYHGWKDWWKHDUHDRIKHDWDSSOLFDWLRQLQFUHDVHVDVWKHHOHFWURGHGLDPHWHULQFUHDVHV

)LJ9DULDWLRQRIDI DQGDU ZLWKFXUUHQW

)LJ9DULDWLRQRIDUHDRIKHDWDSSOLFDWLRQZLWKHOHFWURGH GLDPHWHU

)LJ VKRZVWKHYDULDWLRQRIDUHDRIKHDWDSSOLFDWLRQZLWKFXUUHQWIRUPPGLDPHWHUHOHFWURGH)URPWKHSORWLW LVFOHDUWKDWWKHDUHDRIKHDWDSSOLFDWLRQLQFUHDVHVDVWKHZHOGLQJFXUUHQW LVLQFUHDVHG

B. Rakesh Chandra et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 2369 – 2375

)LJ 9DULDWLRQRIDUHDRIKHDWDSSOLFDWLRQZLWKZHOGLQJFXUUHQW

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± $OOXP&-  3RZHUGLVVLSDWLRQLQWKHFROXPQRID7,*ZHOGLQJDUF-RXUQDORI3K\VLFV'$SSOLHG3K\VLFV

2375