Short Communication The distribution, abundance and conservation status of the Javan Plover Charadrius javanicus Muhammad Iqbal1 , Imam Taufiqurrahman2, Khaleb Yordan3 & Bas van Balen4 1 KPB-SOS,
Jalan Tanjung api-api km 9 Komplek P & K Blok E 1, Palembang 30152, Indonesia
[email protected] 2 Yayasan Kutilang Indonesia, Kompleks Perkantoran UPT Taman Kuliner Condongcatur Blok K1-K3, Jl. Anggajaya III Condongcatur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 3 Jakarta Birder, Jalan Betung 1/161, Pondok Bambu, Jakarta Timur 13430, Indonesia 4 Basilornis Consults, Muntendampad 15, 6835 BE Arnhem, The Netherlands
Keywords: Javan Plover, Charadrius javanicus, population estimate, distribution, conservation status, Indonesia Historically, the Javan Plover Charadrius javanicus was considered a local race of the Kentish Plover C. alexandrinus, distinguished by its darker earth-brown rather than sandybrown upper parts, dark brown rather than black lores and eyeline, rusty-brown wash on the crown and often the nape (always white in the other races), dark rusty-brown rather than black patches on the sides of the breast, lined with a yellowish brown, sometimes a complete breast bar and a heavier bill (Chasen 1938, Hoogerwerf 1966, Iqbal et al. 2011, Tebb et al. 2008). It was treated for the first time as a distinct species by
Cramp & Simmons (1983), and is now generally included in the Kentish Plover superspecies together with the Red-capped Plover C. ruficapillus, Malaysian Plover C. Peronii, Whitefronted Plover C. marginatus and Snowy Plover C. nivosus (Küpper et al. 2009, Piersma & Wiersma 1996, Sibley & Monroe 1990). In the past, the distribution of the Javan Plover was considered to be Java and Kangean Island (BirdLife International 2012). Chasen (1938), however, suggested its occurrence outside Java, and indeed it is now known to breed elsewhere
Fig. 1. Map showing the distribution of Javan Plovers in the Indonesian region recorded mainly during 2006–2013. Numbers refer to the locations listed in Table 1. Wader Study Group Bulletin 120(1) 2013: 1
2
Wader Study Group Bulletin 120(1) 2013
at Sape (Sumbawa) and Sumba (Coates & Bishop 2000, White & Bruce 1986 in which papers it is described as Kentish Plover race javanicus), and more recently it has been discovered more widely in Sumatra, Sulawesi, Meno Island (off Lombok), Semau Island (Kupang), Flores and TimorLeste (Iqbal et al. 2011, Robson 2011, Tebb et al. 2008, Trainor 2011, Colin Trainor in litt.). The bird is classified as Near Threatened because it has a small global distribution and the coastal habitat that it prefers is limited and under threat by human disturbance and development. It is thought to have a fairly small population, and to be declining (BirdLife International 2012). There has been no estimate of the size of the whole Javan Plover population (Wetland International 2006). However, during sampling at nine locations on Java in 2008, 250 Javan Plovers were found along 76 transects of sandy beach or lagoon shore, 5.39 per km, and the island’s population was estimated at about 2,000 individuals (Centurioni 2010). In this paper, we update this estimate for Java and document many records for other islands in the region. In the last decade, several important shorebird surveys have been carried out in Indonesia (Centurioni 2010, Imanuddin et al. 2007, Iqbal et al. 2011, Trainor 2011, van Balen
et al. 2006), and there has been an expansion of interest in birdwatching among the local population, especially on Java. This has been underpinned by the provision of better field guides, literature and field equipment such as binoculars and telescopes. These birdwatchers have been actively involved in international shorebird monitoring schemes, such as the Asian Waterbird Census coordinated by Wetlands International, and national shorebird monitoring schemes such as Mobupi (Monitoring Burung Pantai Indonesia – voluntary shorebird monitoring in Indonesia). Here we present details of all published and unpublished records of Javan Plovers (mainly during 2006–2013) gathered from local birdwatchers and visiting ornithologists, bird tour parties and researchers. Altogether about 2,139 Javan Plovers were recorded from 73 locations on Sumatra, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Sumba, Flores and Timor-Leste (Table 1, Fig. 1). The highest counts were 210 birds at Wonorejo (Fig. 1, site 48), about 142 birds on Pacinan (site 52) and 114 in Trisik (site 31). The recent spate of records outside Java is probably due to increased survey effort. These records include some from outside Indonesia, such as from Timor-Leste which is 2,000 km east of Java. Possibly these records have arisen because,
Table 1. Locations and numbers of Javan Plovers in the Indonesian region, mainly during 2006–2013. No.
Location
No. (max count at each site)
Dates
Remarks
Sumatra 1
Sungailiat beach, Bangka Island
31 Mar 2011, 26–27 Nov 2011
Iqbal et al. (2011), MI pers. obs.
2
Sadai beach, Bangka Island
±10
26–27 Nov 2011
MI pers. obs.
3
Way Kanan (east coast of Lampung province)
±80
Jul 2007
Iwan Londo in litt. (Iwan Londo reported that he had found Javan Plover(s) in each fishpond from Bakaehuni to Way Kanan.)
4
Penet (east coast of Lampung province)
4
Jul 2007
Iwan Londo in litt., Kennerley et al. 2008, Iqbal et al. (2011)
See site 3
Jul 2007
See remarks for site 3 (Way Kanan)
5
Bakauheni (east coast of Lampung province)
6
Java 6
Ujung Kulon National Park
±40
19–20 Aug 2008, 4 May 2012
Centurioni 2010, BvB pers. obs.
7
Pulau Dua, Banten
±20
9 Feb 2011
KY pers. obs.
8
Malingping beach, south-west Java
37
18–20 Sep 2008
Centurioni (2010)
9
Tanjung Pasir, coast of Tangerang
4
24 Sep 2011 and in 2011 (undated)
Nick Brickle and Yus Rusila Noor in litt.
10
Marina Ancol beach, Jakarta
±60
17 Feb 2013
KY pers. obs.
11
Pulau Kelor, Muara Angke and adjacent areas on north coast Jakarta
±28
7 Oct 2006, 10 May 2012
Imanuddin et al. (2007), Ady Kristanto in litt., BvB pers. obs.
12
Pakis beach (Pakis Jaya), Bekasi
41
8 Sep 2011
KY pers. obs.
13
Muara Gembong, Bekasi wetlands
63
27 Apr 2010
IT pers. obs.
14
Pamanukan, West Java
In 2008
James Eaton in litt.
15
Santolo beach, West Java
7 Oct 2008
Centurioni (2010)
16
Leuweung Sancang beach, West Java
6–7 Oct 2008
Centurioni (2010)
17
Eretan Wetan beach, Indramayu
Sep 2011
Untung Sarmawi in litt.
18
Cirebon, West Java
8
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
19
Losari bay, Central Java
13
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
20
Brebes, Central Java
19
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
21
Segara Anakan, Central Java
12
12 Aug 2012
Hutabarat (2013)
22
Pemalang, Central Java
23
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
23
Banyumas (Serayu river,Central Java)
14 Jun 2012
Asman Adi Purwanto in litt.
24
Kandang Panjang beach (Pekalongan, north coast of Central Java)
Oct 2011 & 22 May 2012
Lutfian Nazar in litt.
25
Semarang beach, Central Java
2012, undated
Lutfian Nazar in litt.
26
Petanahan beach, Kebumen
31 Oct 2010
IT pers. obs.
±30 2 64 ±50
±10 4 ±10 11
Short Communication (Table 1. continued) No.
Location
No. (max count at each site) 5
Dates
Remarks
27
Pagak, Purworejo
31 Jan 2011
IT pers. obs.
28
Kendal, Central Java
24
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
29
Glagah beach, Kulon Progo
15
16 Oct 2010
IT pers. obs.
30
Jerakah Wetlands, Semarang
2
Jul–Aug 2006
Karyadi Baskoro in litt.
31
Trisik, Yogyakarta
114
15 Jan 2009
Adhy Maruli in litt.
32
Congot beach, Kulon Progo
2
31 Jan 2011
IT pers. obs.
33
Samas beach, Yogyakarta
2
27 May 2010
Adhy Maruli in litt
34
Jepara, Central Java
10
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
35
Bandengan beach, Central Java
13
23–25 Sep 2008
Centurioni 2010
36
Rembang, Central Java
±70
24 Aug 2012
Tika Biolaska in litt.
37
Pacitan, East Java
30
21 Jun 2012
Waskito Kukuh Wibowo in litt.
38
Tuban (Cemplung & Kentong)
41
21 Jun 2009
BvB pers. obs.
39
Surabaya coast (Gunung Anyar, Kanjeran)
10
During 2011–2012
Hening Swastika in litt.
40
Mengare Island, East Java
12 May 2012
Siti Fatimah Kuwatno in litt.
41
Solo Delta, East Java
15
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
42
Gresik coast, East Java
1
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
43
Kali Lamong or Lamong river, Gresik
5
Feb–May 2012
Hening Swastika in litt.
44
Sedati, Sidoarjo
5
7 Jun 2009
BvB pers. obs.
45
Arosbaya (Tabangan bay, Modung and Mrandung), Madura
27–28 May 2009
BvB pers. obs.
46
Langgundi, Madura
2
28 May 2009
BvB pers. obs.
47
Socah, Madura
7
28 May 2009
BvB pers. obs.
48
Wonorejo, East Java
210
14 Dec 2012
Iwan Londo, Nur Sita Hamzati and Citra Fitrie Riany in litt.
49
Blega, Madura
2
29 May 2009
BvB pers. obs.
50
Sereseh, Madura
4
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
51
Sampang, Madura
52
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
52
Pamekasan, Madura
30
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
53
Nambakor (Sumenep), Madura
27
Nov–Dec 2006
van Balen et al. (2006)
54
Watu Godek, south coast Lumajang
6
12 Dec 2012
MI pers. obs.
55
Watu Pecak, south coast Lumajang
8
13 Dec 2012
MI pers. obs.
56
Muara Mujur, south coast Lumajang
c.20
14 Dec 2012
IT & MI pers. obs.
57
Tanjung Ketan, Besuki
4 Jun 2009
BvB pers. obs.
58
Pacinan, Situbondo
4–5 Jun 2009
BvB pers. obs.
59
Tanjung Jangkar, Asembagus
2
5 Jun 2009
BvB pers. obs.
60
Baluran National Park
±20
8 Oct 2011
Swiss Winnasis in litt.
61
Alas Purwo National Park
62
Kangean Island
±10
87
8 142
84
15 Feb 1998
Grantham (1988, 2000)
±100
12 Dec 2008
Irham & Marakarmah (2009), Mohammad Irham in litt.
Date not specific recorded in 2010–2011
Hery Kusumanegara in litt.
During 2010–2011
Victor Mason (2011), Heri Kusumanegara & Peter Frost in litt.
During 2010–2011
The number of this site including in site number 55
c.Jan 2005 & 7 Jan 2012
Saleh Amin & Colin Trainor in litt.
11 Sep–3 Oct 2009
Farrow & Robson 2010
Bali 63
Bali Barat National Park
±100
64
Sanur beach (South Bali)
±70
65
Serangan Island and Benoa beach
(70, combined with site 64)
Wallacea & Lesser Sunda 66
Lombok and Meno island (off Lombok)
67
Makasar fishpond 1, South Sulawesi
6
68
Makasar fishpond 2, South Sulawesi
26
Sep 2007
Tebb et al. 2008
69
Labuan Bajo, Flores
35
4–22 Sep 2011
Robson 2011
70
Sumba Island
20
2008, undated
James Eaton in litt.
71
Menggitimbe, Sumba
30
30 Aug –19 Sep 2010
Robson 2010
72
Semau Island, Kupang
4
Aug 2012
Oki Hidayat & C. Trainor in litt.
73
Tibar, Timor-Leste
4
19–21 Sep 2009 & 31 Jul 2010
Trainor 2011
TOTAL
±10
±2,139
4
Wader Study Group Bulletin 120(1) 2013
Table 2. Summary of IUCN criteria used to evaluate if a taxon qualifies as threatened (i.e. Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable). Use of criteria
Critical Endangered
Endangered
Vulnerable
A. Population reduction: decline measured over the longer of 10 years or three generations
≥80% (A2)
≥50% (A3)
≥30% (A4)
B. Geographic range: extent of occurrence (B1), area of occupancy (B2)
