Simulated Annealing Based Parameter Optimization ... - ScienceDirect

3 downloads 68 Views 372KB Size Report
Dawes, c.J. and W.m. Thomas, Friction stir process welds aluminum alloys. Welding ... Y.K.Yousif, K.m.Daws, and B.I.Kazem, Prediction of Friction Stir Welding ...
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 97 (2014) 864 – 870

I= %(%(' +,,('&'.-.+"' '&' &'-  && 

,>BJA6I:9CC:6A>CB>O6I>DC ;DG G>8I>DC ,I>G0:A9>CHH>B>A6GAJB>CJBAADNH + )69B6C676C 6 / 6AJH6BN7 ,6>@G>H=C6 /6 6C9 DE6I= '>G6CI=6G $6 6

0;,=?809?:180.3,94.,7924900=492 $&(%)(*#& :48-,?:=0   &,8479,/@! 7 0;,=?809?:180?,77@=24.,7924900=492#%:77020:1&0.39:7:2D#007,80/@:48-,?:=0  !

&'%' G>8I>DC,I>G0:A9>CHDC:D;I=:A6I:HIHDA>9HI6I:?D>C>CFJ:H7:>CK:ANJH:9;DG?D>C>CB>A6G 6C99>HH>B>A6GB6I:G>6A8DB7>C6I>DCH;DGHIGJ8IJG6AAN9:B6C9>C86I>DCH6C9I=:G:HJAIH6G:EGDB>H>C< -=:L:A9FJ6A>I>:HD; I=: ,0 ?D>CIH 9:E:C9 DC I=: EGD8:HH E6G6B:I:GH JH:9  AJB>CJB 6AADNH   6C9   ;>C9 6EEA>86I>DCH >C 6>G8G6;I >C9JHIG>:H6C9EDH:8=6AA:CC:9JH>CDC6A;JH>DCL:A9>CFJ:H "CI=>HHIJ9N ;G>8I>DCHI>GL:A9>C< D; 9>HH>B>A6G6AJB>CJB6AADNH   >HE:G;DGB:9 6I 9>;;:G:CIIDDAGDI6I>DCHE::9H-+,6C9L:A9>CI:9:H>I=I=G::;68IDGH6C9I=G:: A:K:AH;DG:68=;68IDG ;68:8:CIG:9 +:HEDCH:HJG;68:B:I=D9DADH JH:96B6I=:B6I>86ABD9:A;DGEG:9>8I>CA:HIG:CCCIH L6H9:K:ADE:9 -=:BD9:A>HJH:9IDHIJ9N I=::;;:8ID;I=:-+,6C90,DCI=:HIG:CCIH -=:I:CH>A:HIG:CCIH>H;DJC9ID7:6;;:8I:97N7DI=I=: -+, 6C9 0,  ,>BJA6I:9 CC:6A>CH JH:9 ID DEI>B>O: I=: -+, 6C9 0, ;DG B6M>B>O>CA: HIG:CCIH (EI>BJBK6AJ:HD; I=:-+,6C90,6G:;DJC9ID7:  GEB6C9 BB B>C G:HE:8I>K:AN -=:B6M>BJBI:CH>A:HIG:CCIH>HEG:9>8I:9ID7: &)6L=:CI=:H:E6G6B:I:GH6G:JH:9 © by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access P2014  Published -=:JI=DGH )J7A>H=:97NAH:K>:G %I9 article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). ,:A:8I>DC6C9E::G G:K>:LJC9:GG:HEDCH>7>A>IND; I=:(GO>CII::D; &&  Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GCMM 2014

0DB:=/> G>8I>DC,I>G0:A9>CA:HIG:CB>O6I>DC,>BJA6I:9CC:6A>C<

DGG:HEDC9>C>/=+;,/8,9,-,9.-,8=4?,0/@

1877-7058 © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of GCMM 2014

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.361

R. Padmanaban et al. / Procedia Engineering 97 (2014) 864 – 870

865

 "'%#('#" G>8I>DCHI>GL:A9>CCK:CI:97N-=:0:A9>CC3 4 >HDC:D;I=:G:A6I>K:ANG:8:CI HDA>9 HI6I: L:A9>CFJ:  "C ,0 EGD8:HH 6 8NA>C9G>86A IDDA L>I= 6 H=DJA9:G  6C9 6 EGD;>A:9 E>C  >H HADLAN EAJCCID I=: 67JII>C:8:H 6C9 I=:C IG6CHA6I:9 6ADCDC6A =:6I I=6I HD;I:CH I=: HJGGDJC9>C:8: B6I:G>6A6C96AADLHI=:IDDAIDBDK:6ADCCIA>C: -=:6M>6AAD696C9I=:IG6K:GH>CDCD;I=:IDDA86JH:H I=:EA6HI>8>O:9B6I:G>6AID UDL;GDBI=:;GDCIIDI=:768@D;I=:IDDA 0=:CI=:IDDABDK:H;DGL6G9 I=:IG6CHEDGI:9 B6I:G>6A8DDAH9DLC6C98DCHDA>96I:HID;DGB 6 ?D>CI>CHDA>9 HI6I: 6II:BE:G6IJG: 7:ADL I=: B:AI>CCID;76H: B:I6AH 3 4 -=: ,0 EGD8:HH E6G6B:I:GH 8DCIGDA I=: =:6I DC  B>8GDHIGJ8IJG: :KDAJI>DC 6C9 I=: ?D>CI EGDE:GI>:H D; ;G>8I>DCHI>GL:A9>CC8AJ9: EGD8:HHE6G6B:I:GHIDDAGDI6I>DCHE::9 L:A9>C6A ;DG8: 6C9 I=: IDDA O: 6C9 EGD;>A:  "C 699>I>DC ID I=: EGD8:HH E6G6B:I:GH 6C9 IDDA 6A9DLC ;DG8: >C>I>6AI:BE:GD;I=: LDG@E>:8:  B6I:G>6AD;I=:IDDA6C9>IH =6G9C:HH  B6I:G>6A6C9I=>8@C:HHD; 768@>CCDC D; ;G>8I>DC HI>G L:A9>C86A  B>8GD HIGJ8IJG6A  ;6I>DC EGDE:GI>:H>H6EG>B6GNG:FJ>G:B:CIIDD7I6>C:;;>8>:CI 9:;:8I;G::;G>8I>DCHI>GL:A9:9?D>CIH !:6IIG:6I67A: 6AJB>CJB6AADNHMMM6C9MMM6G:H>;>86CI8A6HH:HD;6AADNHL>I==>C9 L>9: 6EEA>86I>DCH >C K6G>DJH >C9JHIG>:H 3 4  H 6 G:HJAI  ?D>C>CH 6C >BEDGI6CI C::9 >C 6 K6G>:IN D; 6EEA>86I>DCH  (88JGG:C8: D; 9:C9G>I>8 HIGJ8IJG: >C I=: ;JH>DC ODC: 6C9 I=: 688DBE6CN>CCL:A9HIG:CCDC6A;JH>DCL:A9>CC9:G:9 I=:L>9: HEG:69JH68I>DC HI>G L:A9>CC>C6AH I=6I L:G: JCL:A967A: 7N 8DCK:CI>DC6AEGD8:HH:H -=::;;:8ID;EGD8:HHE6G6B:I:GH6C9IDDA9:H>HIDGN6C9I:BE:G6IJG:9>HIG>7JI>DC B6I:G>6A;ADL B>8GDHIGJ8IJG::KDAJI>DC6C9EGDE:GI>:H9JG>CB>A6GB6I:G>6AH=6H7::C:MI:CH>K:ANHIJ9>:96C9G:EDGI:9 %:::I6A 34 G:EDGI:9>BEGDK:B:CI>CB:8=6C>86AEGDE:GI>:H>CI=:L:A9ODC:L=:C ,0 6AADNH L>I=K6G>DJH L:A9>CC8GDHIGJ8IJG: B:8=6C>86AEGDE:GIN6C9 G:H>9J6A HIG:HH D; ;G>8I>DC HI>G L:A9:9   6AJB>CJB 6AADNH  %6@H=B>C6G6N6C6C 6C9 6A6HJ7G6B6C>6C 6EEA>:9 -6 I:8=C>FJ: ID 9:I:GB>C: I=: BDHI >C;AJ:CI>6A ;68IDGH 8DCIGDAA>CA: HIG:C8I>DC HI>G L:A9:9 +  6AJB>C>JB6AADN?D>CIH 3 4 GI>;>8>6AC:JG6AC:ILDG@''BD9:AH=6K:7::C 9:K:ADE:9;DG I=:6C6ANH>H6C9H>BJA6I>DCD;I=:8DGG:A6I>DC 7:IL::C EGD8:HH E6G6B:I:GH 6C9 EGDE:GI>:H D; ;G>8I>DC HI>G L:A9:9 ?D>CIH 3 4  %6@H=B>C6G6N6C6C 6C9 6A6HJ7G6B6C>6C EG:9>8I:9 I=: I:CH>A: HIG:C8I>DC HI>G L:A9:9   6AJB>C>JB 6AADN JH>C 6C9 /JC96K>AA> BD9:A:9 ,0 EGD8:HH JH>C8 AI=B IG6>C:9 C:JG6A C:ILDG@ 6C9 JH:9 I=: H6B: ;DG DCA>C: EG:9>8I>DC D; I=: B:8=6C>86A EGDE:GI>:H D; ,0 EGD8:HH 6I 9>;;:G:CIDE:G6I>CI>DCH 34 676?6CO69::I6A 9:K:ADE:9 696EI>K:C:JGD ;JOON>C;:G:C8:HNHI:BH'", IDHIJ9NE6G6B:I:G :;;:8I 6C9 DEI>B>O:9 ,0IDG:9B:8=6C>86AEGDE:GI>:HJH>CBJA6I:96CC:6A>C< 34 #D>CIHL>I=7:II:GB:8=6C>86AEGDE:GI>:HG:HJAIL=:CDEI>BJB EGD8:HH E6G6B:I:GH6G:JH:9 %:GIDG66C9 6B76GD 34 EG:H:CI:96C6EEGD68=IDDEI>B>O:,0EGD8:HHE6G6B:I:GHCA:HIG:C;:D;   A %>6AADN -6CH:A:I6A 34 JH:986AANDEI>B>O:9C:JG6AC:ILDG@HNHI:BH ('',ID:HI>B6I:I=: DEI>B6ADE:G6I>CI>DCD;I=:;G>8I>DCHI>GL:A9>CC6AJB>CJB6AADN%  )6A6C>K:A 6C9 $DH=N &6I=:LH 34 EG:H:CI:9 6C :BE>G>86A BD9:A ;DG I=: I:CH>A: HIG:CCJB 6AADN 6C9 DEI>B>O:9 EGD8:HH E6G6B:I:GH  #6N6G6B6C :I 6A 34 JH:9-6 9:H>A: HIG:C8I>DC HI>G L:A9:9 86HI 6AJB>CJB 6AADN  6C9 G:EDGI:9 DEI>BJB L:A9>CI>DC >HH>B>A6G B6I:G>6A ;G>8I>DC HI>G L:A9>CH G:FJ>G:9 >C 6 CJB7:G D; 6EEA>86I>DCH  -=: B:8=6C>86A EGDE:GI>:H 6C9 B>8GDHIGJ8IJG: D; 9>HH>B>A6G ;G>8I>DC HI>G L:A9:9    A ?D>CIH B6>CAN9:E:C9:9DCI=:B6I:G>6AH;>M:96II=:G:IG:6I>C9: 3 4 )6G@:I6A >CK:HI>DC HE::96C9L:A9>C86AEGDE:GI>:HD;9>HH>B>A6G?D>CIH7:IL::C  (6C9  !A6AADNH ;67G>86I:9JH>C8I>DCHI>GL:A9>C8I:9I=:DEI>B6AE6G6B:I:GH 34

R. Padmanaban et al. / Procedia Engineering 97 (2014) 864 – 870

866

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



R. Padmanaban et al. / Procedia Engineering 97 (2014) 864 – 870

867

-67A:  &6IG>MD;ME:G>B:CIH6C9+:HJAIH -+, GEB

0, BB B>C

-, &)6















































 







 





, 'D

'

/

































 









 









 









 









 





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

GEB 6G:ADL:GI=6CI=DH:;67G>86I:96I  GEB6C9

GEB -=:I:CH>A:HIG:CCIB69:6I6-+,D;    GEB L6H ;DJC9 ID 7: I=: B6M>BJB  I ADL -+,  ADL =:6I DC G:HJAIH >C >C:;;>8>:CI B>M>C6AH6C9=:C8:L:6@?D>CIH -=:D88JGG:C8:D;9:;:8IH6I=>CIH

>6I>DCD;-,L>I=-+,

-=::;;:8ID;0,K6G>6I>DCDCI=:-,D;I=:?D>CI6I9>;;:G:CI0,>HH=DLC>C >B>A6GID-+, >C8G:6H:>C 0,JEIDBB B>CG:HJAIH>C6C>C8G:6H:>CI=:-,D;I=:?D>CIH 0=:CI=:0,L6H>C8G:6H:9ID BB B>CI=: I:CH>A: HIG:CCCI L6H ;DJC9 ID 9:8G:6H:  ,>B>A6G IG:C9 L6H D7H:GK:9 6I 6AA K6AJ:H D; -+,  I =>H:MEDH:9ID;G>8I>DC6A=:6I>CB: 86JH>C8;ADLD;I=:B:I6A 6C9;DGB6I>DCD;KD>9H 34 I=6I68I6HHIG:HHG6>H:GH9JG>CC< D;I=:?D>CI6C9L:6@:C>I

>6I>DCD;-,L>I=0,

-=:8DCIDJGEADID;-,6IK6G>DJH-+,6C90,D;,L:A9:9?D>CIH>H9:E>8I:9>C >I86C 7:>C;:GG:9I=6IHIG:CCIH7:IL::C   L>AA7:=>I=>C   ID  GEB 6C9  ID  BB B>C G:HE:8I>K:AN  (EI>BJB K6AJ:H D; -+, 6C9 0, 86C 7: ;DJC9 7N 6EEAN>CB>O6I>DCI:8=C>FJ:H

R. Padmanaban et al. / Procedia Engineering 97 (2014) 864 – 870

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

6L:H   #  6C9 0 &  -=DB6H =4.?4:9 >?4= ;=:.0>> B07/> ,7@849@8 ,77:D> 0:A9>C?=@.?@=,7>>@0>49,=4.?4:9%?4=)07/0/7@849@877:D ,8G>EI6&6I:G>6A>6   E     0 -6C<  1  #  &8AJG: %  &JGG  6C9   'JC:H 0,? 9;@? ,9/ &08;0=,?@=0 4>?=4-@?4:9 49 =4.?4:9%?4=)07/492 #DJGC6AD;&6I:G>6A)GD8:HH>CC:C8:  E   =6D  2 #  1  *>  6C9 0  -6C< 0,? &=,9>10= 49 =4.?4:9 %?4= )07/492C;0=4809?,7 ,9/ !@80=4.,7 %?@/40> #DJGC6AD;&6CJ;68IJG>C:C8:6C9CC::G>C< 

 E  

869

870

34 34 34 34 34 3 4 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 3 4 34 34 34 34 34 34

R. Padmanaban et al. / Procedia Engineering 97 (2014) 864 – 870

6K>H  # +  :9 %  ,9/-::6 (:7@80   #=:;0=?40> ,9/ %070.?4:9 !:910==:@> 77:D> ,9/ %;0.4,7 #@=;:>0 ,?0=4,7> -:CI=:9 ,&!6C97DD@  ,&"CI:GC6I>DC6AA:K:A6C9 (! & % 6J88>D  :9 %  0?,7> $010=09.0 ::6  -=>G9 :9    ,& "CI:GC6I>DC6A &6I:G>6AH )6G@ (! E6?=@.?@=,749A0>?42,?4:9:11=4.?4:9>?4=B07/0/ & ,7@8494@8 8I6&6I:G>6A>6 

 E   %:: 0  2 & 2:DC 6C9,  #JC< &3048;=:A0809?:180.3,94.,7;=:;0=?40>:11=4.?4:9>?4=B07/0/  7,77:D &6I:G>6AH,8>:C8:6C9CC::G>C?=@.?@=080.3,94.,7;=:;0=?40>,9/=0>4/@,7>?=0>>0>,>,1@9.?4:9:1B07/492>;00/ 49,7@8494@8  1=4.?4:9>?4=B07/> 8I6&6I:G>6A>6 

 E    %6@H=B>C6G6N6C6C   $  6C9 /  6A6HJ7G6B6C>6C #=:.0>> ;,=,80?0=> :;?484E,?4:9 1:= 1=4.?4:9 >?4= B07/492:1$ ,7@8494@8,77:D@>492&,[email protected]?0.394DCHD;'DC;:GGDJH&:I6AH,D8>:IN D;=>C6 

  E   2 $ 2DJH>; $ & 6LH 6C9 " $6O:B #=0/4.?4:9:1=4.?4:9%?4=)07/4923,=,.?0=4>?4.'>492!0@=,7 !0?B:=6 #DG96C#DJGC6AD;&:8=6C>86A6C9"C9JHIG>6ACC::G>C< 

 E   (@JNJ8J !  $JGI 6C9 G86@A>D?4=B07/492 :1,7@849@8;7,?0> &6I:G>6AH6BE:H>C6G6N6C6C   $  6C9 /  6A6HJ7G6B6C>6C :8;,=4>:9 :1 $%  B4?3 !! 49 ;=0/4.?492 ?09>470 >?=092?3:11=4.?4:9>?4=B07/0/ ,7@8494@8,77:D5:49?> -G6CH68I>DCHD;'DC;:GGDJH&:I6AH,D8>:IN D;=>C6 

  E   &JII>C:C> , 6C9) + /JC96K>AA> :/07492:1=4.?4:9%?4=)07/492:1 '>492!0@=,7!0?B:=6>   " " AD76A E   676?6CO69:+DH=6C , :I6A ";?484E,?4:9:11=4.?4:9>?4=B07/492;=:.0>>:1 ,7@849@8,77:D?: ,.340A0 /0>4=,-70 80.3,94.,7 ;=:;0=?40> @>492 !% 8:/07> ,9/ >48@7,?0/ ,990,7492 ,72:=4?38 -=: "CI:GC6I>DC6A#DJGC6AD;9K6C8:9&6CJ;68IJG>C,9/49.=0,>01,?42@0 7410 "CI:GC6I>DC6A#DJGC6AD;&6I:G>6ADGB>C<    E 

 

 

 -6CH:A " ' :I6A ";?484E,?4:9>:11=4.?4:9>?4=B07/492:1,7@849@8,77:D-D@>4922090?4.,77D:;?484E0/ 90@=,790?B:=6 -=:"CI:GC6I>DC6A#DJGC6AD;9K6C8:9&6CJ;68IJG>C> ;,=,80?0= :1 1=4.?4:9 >?4= B07/0/     ,7@849@8 ,77:D @>492 =0>;:9>0 >@=1,.0 80?3:/:7:2D #DJGC6A D; :CIG6A ,DJI= .C>K:GH>IN    E   #6N6G6B6C & :I6A ";?484E,?4:9:1;=:.0>>;,=,80?0=>1:=1=4.?4:9>?4=B07/492:1.,>?,7@8494@8,77:D  -D&,[email protected] 0?3:/ #DJGC6AD;,8>:CI>;>8"C9JHIG>6A+:H:6G8= 

 E   %:: 0  2 & 2:DC 6C9,  #JC< &305:49?;=:;0=?40>:1/4>>4847,=1:=80/7,77:D>-D1=4.?4:9>?4= B07/492,..:=/492?:?3014C0/7:.,?4:9:18,?0=4,7> ,8G>EI6&6I:G>6A>6 

  E   )6G@ #  6C9, # $>B ";?484E,?4:9:11=4.?4:9>?4=B07/492B4?3?30A,=4:@>B07/492 ;,=,80?0=>1:=7 2,77:D> +6G:&:I6AH   E   +6NBDC9 ! &N:GH  DJC: & $0>;:9>0 %@=1,.0 0?3:/:7:2D #=:.0>>,9/#=:/@.?";?484E,?4:9'>4920>4290/C;0=4809?> G9 :9 

#D=C0>A:N,DCH   )69B6C676C + 110.?:1#=:.0>>#,=,80?0=>:9?30&09>470%?=092?3:1=4.?4:9%?4=)07/0/4>>4847,= 7@849@8:49?> #DJGC6AD;CC::G>C:C8:6C9-:8=CDADG@E6IG>8@     :A6II  6C9 & )  /:88=> ";?484E,?4:9 -D %48@7,?0/ 990,7492 ,8>:C8:  E  ,>CG:HJ , +6D 924900=492";?484E,?4:9&30:=D,9/#=,.?4.0 

 ':L#:GH:N#D=C0>A:N,DCH "C8 A6C6C [email protected]>:1?::7;49;=:1470,9/B07/492>;00/:9?301:=8,?4:9 :11=4.?4:9>?4=;=:.0>>492E:9049

,7@8494@8,77:D #DJGC6AD;&6I:G>6AH)GD8:HH>C