SIMULATED EXPERIMENTS (2) Simulated Internet-Based Science ...

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To answer this, you will study DNA scans of the frogs. A DNA scan is made up ... The Gizmo will give you three different frogs that look alike. Which frogs are the ...
SIMULATED EXPERIMENTS (2) Simulated Internet-Based Science Experiments

Although computer simulations are not adequate substitutes for traditional hands-on experiments, they may be useful enhancements. Select three on-line simulations and write brief lesson plan showing how these can be integrated with hands-on activities to improve instruction. See next pages for completed lesson plans. ONE:

TWO:

THREE:

Fetal Pig Virtual Dissection http://www.whitman.edu/biology/vpd/main.html This site provides a great introduction and reference and review for the fetal pig dissections.

Class Code for Gizmo Mrs. Aiello’s CP Biology UFwgPwcXmG

Launch the Gizmo for

DNA Fingerprint Analysis Details | Assessment Results Launch Gizmo

Below are Samples of DNA Fingerprints

Exploration Guide: DNA Fingerprint Analysis Ever wonder what makes you "you"? It's your DNA that makes you different from every other person. DNA, which is made up of genes, provides the instructions that tell each cell what it is to be and what it is to do. No two organisms have the same DNA (unless they are identical twins). The components of DNA form a unique sequence in each individual. Although DNA is microscopic, scientists can make DNA scans, which provide information about the actual DNA, and are large enough to see and study.

Identical Twins Just because some individuals look alike, this does not guarantee that they are identical twins. If two organisms are identical twins, they are an exact genetic match. In this activity, you will compare the DNA of frogs that look alike to determine whether or not they are identical twins. 1. In the Gizmotm, on the Find the Twins tab, look at the three frogs. 1. What is the body color of the frogs? What is the eye color? Do the frogs have spots? 2. Do these three frogs look alike? 2. Are any of these frogs twins? To answer this, you will study DNA scans of the frogs. A DNA scan is made up of bands, which are actual fragments of DNA. A DNA scan is unique to an individual, just like a fingerprint is, so a DNA scan is sometimes referred to as a DNA fingerprint. To see the DNA scan of Frog A, drag Frog A to the scanning station and click SCAN. Then drag the resulting DNA scan to the bin at the upper right corner of the Gizmo. 1. Each band in a DNA scan is shown as a small rectangle that is either light or dark. How many bands are in this DNA scan? (The number of bands is the total number of light and dark bands.) 2. Scan the DNA of Frog B and Frog C. Drag their DNA scans into the bin next to the scan for Frog A. Which frogs are identical twins? Explain how you can tell. 3. When organisms look alike, are they always identical twins? When organisms are identical twins, do you think they always look alike? Explain. 3. Click New. The Gizmo will give you three different frogs that look alike. Which frogs are the twins now? Explain how you found the answer.

DNA Sequences and Traits In this activity, you will see what the bands of a DNA scan can tell you about an individual's traits. 1. In the Gizmo, click on the Population tab and examine the 16 frogs. 1. Body color, eye color, and spots are the three traits that are visible in the frogs. What are the forms that each trait can exhibit? (For example, what are the possible body colors for frogs? These are the forms that the body color trait can exhibit.) 2. Based on the three traits shown in this Gizmo, how many different kinds of frogs are there? 3. Look at Frog A. Which frog appears to be identical to Frog A? 2. Select Frog A and drag it to the DNA scanning station. Click SCAN. Drag the DNA scan to the bin at the upper right. Then create the DNA scan for Frog I and place it alongside the scan from Frog A. 1. Are Frog A and Frog I identical twins? How can you tell? 2. Click on Comparison guide. Notice that the comparison guide highlights the bands in groups of three (trios) beginning with bands 1–3 at the top of the scan. Slowly drag the scroll bar downwards. As you scroll, look for trios of bands that are the same in both scans. List the trios of bands that are identical in the DNA scans of Frog A and Frog I. There may be several.

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3. Somewhere in the 20 bands that comprise the DNA scan is a trio of bands that controls body color. Every frog with an orange body, for example, has exactly the same trio of bands at that location in the scan. In addition, another trio controls eye color, and another trio controls spots. Can you tell for sure which trio controls which trait? Why or why not? Name a trio of bands that definitely does NOT control any of these traits. How do you know this? Drag Frog E to the DNA scanning station and click SCAN. Then drag the DNA scan into the bin next to the scans of Frog A and Frog I. 1. Look at the body color, eye color, and spots of Frog A, Frog I, and Frog E. In what ways do all three frogs look the same? What is different about Frog E? 2. Which trios of bands match for all three frogs? Which trios match for Frog A and Frog I but not Frog E? 3. Which trios of bands could contain the DNA responsible for body color or eye color? Explain your answer. Next drag Frog C to the DNA scanning station and click SCAN. Then drag the scan into the bin next to the scans of Frogs A, I, and E. 1. In terms of body color, eye color, and spots, what is the one thing that Frogs A, I, E, and C all have in common? 2. Which trio(s) of bands are identical for all four frogs? 3. Which trio of bands controls eye color? (If you are not sure, scan the DNA of another frog with pink eyes. Continue until you are certain which trio of bands controls eye color.) 4. What does this trio of bands look like for all frogs with pink eyes? (Use the terms "light" and "dark" to describe each band in the trio, from top to bottom.) What does this trio look like for all frogs with green eyes? Based on the methods you used in steps 3 and 4, you should now know which trios control eye color, body color, and spots. (Study the DNA scans that you have made to remind yourself, if you like.) Use this information to answer the questions below. 1. Which bands control body color? 2. What do those bands look like for all frogs with an orange body? What do they look like for all frogs with a blue body? 3. Which bands control the presence of spots? 4. What do those bands look like for all frogs with spots? Without spots? 5. If you were shown the DNA scan of a frog but you could not see the frog, explain how you could tell whether or not the "mystery frog" has spots. Challenge: Click New. Somewhere among these 16 frogs is a pair of identical twins. Which pair is it? Find the twins! Time yourself if you would like to add to the challenge. How quickly were you able to find the twins? After you found the first pair, click New and try it again if you like. (Every time you click New, the Gizmo randomly picks a different pair of frogs to be the twins.)

Exploration Guide: DNA Fingerprint Analysis

ANSWER SHEET

Identical Twins 4.

Find the Twins 1. What is the body color of the frogs? What is the eye color? Do the frogs have spots? 2. Do these three frogs look alike?

5. Are any of these frogs twins? 1. How many bands are in this DNA scan? (The number of bands is the total number of light and dark bands.) 2. Which frogs are identical twins?Explain how you can tell. 3. When organisms look alike, are they always identical twins? When organisms are identical twins, do you think they always look alike? Explain. 6. Click New. Which of the 3 new frogs are the twins now? Explain how you found the answer.

DNA Sequences and Traits

7. Population 1. What are the forms that each trait can exhibit? 2. Based on the three traits shown in this Gizmo, how many different kinds of frogs are there? 3. Look at Frog A. Which frog appears to be identical to Frog A? 8. Create the DNA scan for Frog A & I . 1. Are Frog A and Frog I identical twins? How can you tell? 2. List the trios of bands that are identical in the DNA scans of Frog A and Frog I. 3. Can you tell for sure which trio controls which trait? Why or why not? Name a trio of bands that definitely does NOT control any of these traits. How do you know this? 9. Scan Frog E, drag the DNA scan into the bin next to the scans of Frog A and Frog I. 1. In what ways do all three frogs look the same? What is different about Frog E? 2. Which trios of bands match for all three frogs? Which trios match for Frog A and Frog I but not Frog E?

3. Which trios of bands could contain the DNA responsible for body color or eye color? Explain your answer. 10. Scan Frog C, drag the scan into the bin next to the scans of Frogs A, I, and E. 1. In terms of body color, eye color, and spots, what is the one thing that Frogs A, I, E, and C all have in common? 2. Which trio(s) of bands are identical for all four frogs? 3. Which trio of bands controls eye color? 4. What does this trio of bands look like for all frogs with pink eyes? (Use the terms "light" and "dark" to describe each band in the trio, from top to bottom.) What does this trio look like for all frogs with green eyes? 11. Based on the methods you used in steps 3 and 4 1. Which bands control body color? 2. What do those bands look like for all frogs with an orange body? What do they look like for all frogs with a blue body? 3. Which bands control the presence of spots? 4. What do those bands look like for all frogs with spots? Without spots? 5. If you were shown the DNA scan of a frog but you could not see the frog, explain how you could tell whether or not the "mystery frog" has spots.

12. Challenge: Click New. Somewhere among these 16 frogs is a pair of identical twins. Which pair is it? Find the twins! Time yourself if you would like to add to the challenge. How quickly were you able to find the twins? After you found the first pair, click New and try it again if you like. (Every time you click New, the Gizmo randomly picks a different pair of frogs to be the twins.)

Exploration Guide: DNA Fingerprint Analysis

ANSWER SHEET

Identical Twins

1. Find the Twins 1. What is the body color of the frogs? Orange What is the eye color? Pink Do the frogs have spots? Yes 2. Do these three frogs look alike? Yes 2. Are any of these frogs twins? 3. How many bands are in this DNA scan? (The number of bands is the total number of light and dark bands.) 20 4. Which frogs are identical twins?Explain how you can tell. Answer varies Identical banding pattern 5. When organisms look alike, are they always identical twins? No When organisms are identical twins, do you think they always look alike? Explain. Yes, their DNA codes for the same phenotypic characteristics 3. Click New. Which of the 3 new frogs are the twins now? Explain how you found the answer. Answer varies. Identical banding pattern

DNA Sequences and Traits

1. Population 1. What are the forms that each trait can exhibit? Eye Color = Pink or Green; Body Color = Orange or Blue; Spots or No Spots 2. Based on the three traits shown in this Gizmo, how many different kinds of frogs are there? Eight 3. Look at Frog A. Which frog appears to be identical to Frog A? Frog I 2. Create the DNA scan for Frog A & I . 4. Are Frog A and Frog I identical twins? How can you tell? Answer varies. Matching banding patterns 5. List the trios of bands that are identical in the DNA scans of Frog A and Frog I. 1,2,3 (2,3,4) 7,8,9 18,19,20 6. Can you tell for sure which trio controls which trait? Why or why not? No Too many traits, not enough tests Name a trio of bands that definitely does NOT control any of these traits. How do you know this? (Any except the 3 listed above) No matching bands. 3. Scan Frog E, drag the DNA scan into the bin next to the scans of Frog A and Frog I. 7. In what ways do all three frogs look the same? Body & Eye Color What is different about Frog E? No Spots 8. Which trios of bands match for all three frogs? 7,8,9 18,19,20 Which trios match for Frog A and Frog I but not Frog E? 1,2,3 (2,3,4)

Which trios of bands could contain the DNA responsible for body color or eye color? Explain your answer. 7,8,9 18,19,20 All three frogs have the same body & eye color. 4. Scan Frog C, drag the scan into the bin next to the scans of Frogs A, I, and E. 9. In terms of body color, eye color, and spots, what is the one thing that Frogs A, I, E, and C all have in common? Eye color 10. Which trio(s) of bands are identical for all four frogs? 7,8,9 11. Which trio of bands controls eye color? 7,8,9 4. What does this trio of bands look like for all frogs with pink eyes? (Use the terms "light" and "dark" to describe each band in the trio, from top to bottom.) 7 light 8 dark 9 light What does this trio look like for all frogs with green eyes? 7 dark 8 dark 9 light 5. Based on the methods you used in steps 3 and 4 12. Which bands control body color? 18,19,20 13. What do those bands look like for all frogs with an orange body? 18 light 19 light 20 dark What do they look like for all frogs with a blue body? 18 dark 19 light 20 dark 14. Which bands control the presence of spots? 2,3,4 4. What do those bands look like for all frogs with spots? 2 light 3 dark 4 dark Without spots? 2 dark 3 light 4 dark 5. If you were shown the DNA scan of a frog but you could not see the frog, explain how you could tell whether or not the "mystery frog" has spots. By using the above results look for the banding pattern which matches 7,8,9 for eyecolor; 18,19,20 for body color; 2,3,4 for spots. 6. Challenge: Click New. Somewhere among these 16 frogs is a pair of identical twins. Which pair is it? Find the twins! Time yourself if you would like to add to the challenge. How quickly were you able to find the twins? After you found the first pair, click New and try it again if you like. (Every time you click New, the Gizmo randomly picks a different pair of frogs to be the twins.)

Answers for Assessment for DNA Fingerprint Analysis 1. Shown below are the DNA scans for three frogs that look alike. Which frogs are identical twins?

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A. Frogs A and B B. Frogs A and C C. Frogs B and C D. Cannot be determined.

Correct Answer: B — Frogs A and C Explanation: Identical twins are genetic matches. This means that identical twins have identical DNA scans. In the given image, the DNA scans for frogs A and C are identical, so those are the identical twins. Frog B may look like frogs A and C, but frog B is genetically different from A and C. 2. Shown below are the DNA scans for frog W, frog X, frog Y, and frog Z. Bands 2–4 control the presence of spots. If frog Z does NOT have spots, which frogs DO have spots?

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A. Frogs W and Y B. Frogs W, X, and Y C. Frogs X and Y D. Frog X only

Correct Answer: B — Frogs W, X, and Y Explanation: Frog Z, which does not have spots, has "dark-light-dark" bands for bands 2–4. Therefore all frogs without spots have "dark-light-dark" in bands 2–4. Frogs W, X, Y all have "light-dark-dark" banding patterns at bands 2–4. Since this is different from what frog Z has, frogs W, X, and Y must all have spots. 3. Frog T has escaped from a pet shop! Luckily, you were able to obtain a DNA sample from the shop. Shown below are frogs Q, R, and S, and also the DNA scans for frogs Q, R, S, and T. If bands 7–9 control eye color, what is the eye color of frog T?

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A. pink B. orange C. green D. blue

Correct Answer: C — green Explanation: The banding pattern at bands 7–9 for frog T is "dark-dark-light." This is identical to bands 7–9 for frog R, which has green eyes. Therefore, frog T must also have green eyes. 4. Suppose that frogs can have either high blood pressure or low blood pressure, and this is controlled by bands 10–12. The DNA scan shown below is from a frog that has low blood pressure. Which DNA scan below was also obtained from a frog with low blood pressure?

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Correct Answer: B — Explanation: The banding pattern at bands 10–12 in answer B is identical to the banding pattern in the given DNA scan (dark-light-light), so the scan in answer B is from a frog with low blood pressure.

http://explorelearning.com Class Code for CP Biology

uFwgPwcXmG

http://www.whitman.edu/biology/vpd/main.html