Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Social Media ECSM 2018 Hosted by Limerick Institute of Technology Ireland
21 - 22 June 2018
Edited by Prof. Vincent Cunnane Dr. Niall Corcoran Limerick Institute of Technology Ireland
Copyright The Authors, 2018. All Rights Reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission may be made without written permission from the individual authors. Review Process Papers submitted to this conference have been double-blind peer reviewed before final acceptance to the conference. Initially, abstracts were reviewed for relevance and accessibility and successful authors were invited to submit full papers. Many thanks to the reviewers who helped ensure the quality of all the submissions. Ethics and Publication Malpractice Policy ACPIL adheres to a strict ethics and publication malpractice policy for all publications – details of which can be found here: http://www.academic-conferences.org/policies/ethics-policy-for-publishing-in-the-conferenceproceedings-of-academic-conferences-and-publishing-international-limited/ Conference Proceedings The Conference Proceedings is a book published with an ISBN and ISSN. The proceedings have been submitted to a number of accreditation, citation and indexing bodies including Thomson ISI Web of Science and Elsevier Scopus. Author affiliation details in these proceedings have been reproduced as supplied by the authors themselves. The Electronic version of the Conference Proceedings is available to download from DROPBOX http://tinyurl.com/ECSM2018 Select Download and then Direct Download to access the Pdf file. Free download is available for conference participants for a period of 2 weeks after the conference. The Conference Proceedings for this year and previous years can be purchased from http://academicbookshop.com E-Book ISBN: 978-1-911218-84-5 Print version ISBN: 978-1-911218-83-8 Published by Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited Reading UK Tel: +44-118-972-4148 www.academic-conferences.org
Contents Paper Title
Author(s)
Page No
Preface
v
Committee
vi
Biographies
xii
Research papers Facebook Addiction among Ordinary Users in Jordan
Basil Alzougool
1
An Investigation of Sentiment and Themes from Twitter for Brexit-2016
Alsuhaibani Anas
8
Effects of a Social Media Network Site on Student’s Engagement and Collaboration: A case study of WhatsApp at a University of Technology
Moses Basitere and Ntsundeni Mapatagane
13
The Methodological Basis for the Management of Social Media
Viacheslav Georgievich Burlov
22
Historical Perspectives on Teens and Social Media: When Old Media was New
Margaret Cassidy
30
The ‘Chlefie’ Phenomenon: A Qualitative Study to Ascertain the Essentials of Usage in Youth Fashion Retail Environments
Susan Craig, Rebecca Mitchell and Kenneth Wilkinson
36
Online College Students Engagement and Social Media in Higher Education
Phillip L. Davidson
45
My Social Curation Experience: Preservice teachers’ Learning Insights
Rivka Gadot and Alona Forkosh Baruch
55
Fake News and Social Media: The Role of the Receiver
Val Hooper
62
Warfare in Hybrid Environment: Reflexive Control as an Analytical Tool for Understanding Contemporary Challenges
Aki-Mauri Huhtinen, Mikko Streng, Saara Särmä and Noora Kotilainen
69
Scalable Algorithm for Computing Influence Spreading Probabilities in Social Networks
Matias Ijäs, Janne Levijoki and Vesa Kuikka
76
Social Networks: Friend or Foe?
Alexandra Ioanid, Cezar Scarlat and Gheorghe Militaru
85
The Role of Music in Viral Video Advertisements
Christos Karpasitis, Irene Polycarpou and Antonios Kaniadakis
93
Arrvu: a Mobile Social App for Regional Artistic Services
Johannes Konert and Philipp Frisch
101
The Challenges of Using Big Data Effectively: A Critical Analysis of the Phenomenon of Big Data
Kevin Koyce
110
Celebrities’ Personal Brand Authenticity in Social Media: An Application in the Context of Football Top-Players. The Robert Lewandowski Case
Wioleta Kucharska, Federico Brunetti, Ilenia Confente and Dušan Mladenović
118
Personal Brand Authenticity and Social Media: The Top 5 Football Players’ Case
Wioleta Kucharska and Agnieszka Firgolska
127
i
Paper Title
Author(s)
Technology and Social Media Changing Life in China
Amy S. C. Leh and Eyda Guo
134
How Can Utilizing Social Media and Gamification Enhance Learning Outcomes
Per Anders Løvsletten, Linda Kiønig, Tone Vold and Cecilia Black Fylking
142
Consumer Engagement: the Amplifying Effect of Comments
Ana Machado, Ana Antunes and Sandra Miranda
147
Systematic Literature Review on Customer Emotions in Social Media
Prashanth Madhala, Jari Jussila, Heli Aramo-Immonen and Anu Suominen
154
Social Media and Knowledge Sharing – What Do We Know So Far?
Dušan Mladenović, Anida Krajina and Wioleta Kucharska
163
Examining the Motivations of LinkedIn Users and Their Demographics
Sahar Najafikhah and Mehdi Shamizanjani
171
Seeing is Believing: User Awareness of eConsent on Health Social Networks.
Yvonne O’Connor, Wendy Rowan and Ciara Heavin
180
Angler Phishing: Criminality in Social Media
Louise O’Hagan
190
Measuring Performance and Efficiency on Social Media: A Longitudinal Study
Luciana Oliveira and Álvaro Figueira
198
Big Data in Analysis of Social Media Based on the Example of Twitter
Celina M. Olszak and Arkadiusz Kisiołek
208
Characteristics of MTurk Workers and their Consequences for Research and Practice
Lars Osterbrink
217
Complaints on 'Social Media Addiction' by Its Users
Nuran Öze
227
Analysis of Three Twitter Hashtags for Discussion of Personal Electronic Health Records
Stuart Palmer and Bronwyn Hemsley
236
How Mobile is changing Customer Behaviour and reinventing the Retail Landscape in an Omni Channel Environment
Raphael Remhof
246
Barriers to Social Media and How SMEs Can Overcome Them
Andrée Roy, Claude Dionne, Lauren Maxwell, Marsha Carson and Otoniel Sosa
255
Giving and Taking Gratifications in a Gamified Social Live Streaming Service
Katrin Scheibe, Julia Göretz, Christine Meschede and Wolfgang G. Stock
264
A Sentiment Analysis on Miley Cyrus’ Instagram Accounts
Katrin Scheibe, Julia Philipps, Linda Schaffarczyk, Janina Nikolic and Wolfgang G. Stock
274
Measuring and Managing the Relationship Quality of Social Media based Customer Relationships
Aishwarya Singhal, Paul Hopkinson, Sherif Fattah and Rodrigo Perez Vega
283
Gender Differences In Preference of Participation in Facebook Pages: A Comparative Study in High Fashion Retail, Jewellery, Mobile Phone and Mutual Fund Segments
Poornima Sirkant and K Sathyanarayan
291
Factors Influencing Consumers Online Shopping Decision: Present and Future Evidence from Lithuania
Aelita Skaržauskienė, Živilė Baubonienė and Gintarė Gulevičiūtė
301
Social Augmented Reality
Renée Stevens
312
ii
Page No
Complaints on 'Social Media Addiction' by it’s Users Nuran Öze Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
[email protected] Abstract: In today’s world, every aspect of our lives is being influenced by the internet based applications on our mobile devices. People’s interaction styles amongst each other have changed substantially, with the growing use of smart phones across the world. Smartphones make it possible to have internet access 24/7. In addition to that feature of smartphones, practicality and mobility are other attributes of mobile phones. Social media sites have been designed to create platforms for people and businesses; firms and individuals get together on these platforms. Whilst each social media platform has its own features, all are continuously trying to widen their influence area by following a horizontal growth pattern. This article has focused on the understanding of how people’ssocial media usage has become a new communication practice and has changed everyday life practices rapidly. Study will be conducted by using the deep interview method and will comprise of interviews with people who complain about social media addiction. Deep interview will be conducted as a research method, to get detailed information from the person who believes that social media is a kind of addiction. People interviewed will be selected in a careful manner, ensuring that they represent different generations. Technological developments have a potential to affect each generation differently, hence the need to implement the study across a range of different age groups. The research was conducted on thirty people who live in Northern Cyprus. The research was held between the 15th of December 2017 and the 15th of February 2018. Within the scope of this study, the first hypothesis was based on those social media users who would expect to be discomforted by their own social media usage patterns. The second hypothesis was based on older people who would be uncomfortable with behavioral social media usage patterns of the younger generation. The last hypothesis is based upon the potential of social media as an addiction. Keywords: Internet Addiction, Northern Cyprus, SNSs Addiction, Social Media
1. Introduction There are some factors proven to have deeply influenced and changed the lives of human beings and societies throughout the history. Among these, the discovery of fire enabling people cook meals differentiatingthem from other species; the transition from oral to written expression enabling mankind to writehistory in addition to the transfer of experiences in words; the application of steam to engines enabling faster access to new markets by the development of containerization in maritime transport; the invention of printed press enabling distribution of information within and amongst societies; the invention of serial production with the aid of band system enabling transition to mass production; the spread of communication networks (newspaper, telegraph, radio, TV) motivated the expansion of mass communication; invention of computers and internet based applications brought the world together in one web, where people have become closer to one another. Invention of mobile phones enabled people contact each other, irrespective of their location and time zone, leading to a new sense of communication. The relatively recent introduction of internet to smart phones enhanced drastic changes in societal behaviors.Turkle (1996) and Stoll (1995) argue that the internet is leading people to become socially isolated and it causes to cut off from genuine social relationships and the time that the people spend online damage their social relationships. The most important point here should not be overlooked. The entering of the Internet into human life is the main turning point. It would not have been possible to expand the usage ofelectronic social networks without the Internet. Here there is an important breakpoint: The introduction of SNS to smartphones. Without smartphones, such widespread use of SNS would not have been possible. Most of the people have started to behave as it is not possible to leave the place that they are in or it is impossible to live without smartphones. General dependence on mobile communication and information sharinghas grown to such a degree that lifestyles have changed significantly. Subsequently the use of smartphones as an addiction has become an important issue, hence needs to be investigated and dealt with. After the growing use of SNSs (Social Networking Sites) on smartphones, internet addiction led to social media addiction. All above mentioned developments have changed general living styles and differentiatedindividual values. Valkenburg and Peter (2011) argued that, new technologies have more negative influences on adolescent age groups. They predicate their argument to the adolescent ability of rapid adaptation themselves to the new technologies. “In recent years, social media has become a big part of social life; this is related with sociology and social psychology. Social media has necessitated a new way of thinking about relationships in the world” (Öze, 2017b). In order to understand the effects of these transformations
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there is a need for knowledge on anthropology, sociology, psychology, socio-psychology and communication skills. Anthropology is important to understand the history; sociology to understand the society; psychology is vital to understand the individual; socio-psychology to discover insights of social behaviors of the society which has an effect on the whole society’s psychological structure; it is necessary to have understanding on communication science to make sense of the change in interpersonal relationships. Social media has become an integral part of everyday life in environments where Internet access conditions are normal. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of social media usage and its influences on people on the basis of addiction. Within the scope of this research, social media usage addiction of people in different age categories, with different gender have been analyzed by the in-depth interview method. In-depth interview applied on twenty-three people who live in Northern Cyprus for a period of one month.
2. Internet Addiction and SNS Addiction Addiction is a controversial concept. According to Widyanto and McMurran (2004), addiction is the dependence on a substance or activity. American Society of Addiction Medicine explains addiction as “a primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individual pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors. Addiction is characterized by inability to consistently abstain, impairment in behavioral control, craving, diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships, and a dysfunctional emotional response. Like other chronic diseases, addiction often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Addiction needs treatment or engagement in recovery activities because addiction is progressive” (ASAM). Addiction is a brain disorder that can be categorized as substance addiction and behavioral addiction which characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences (Nestler, 2013; Volkov, Koob, Malenka, Nestler, Hyman, 2009; McLellan, 2016; Angres and Bettinardi-Angres, 2008; Taylor, Lewis, and Olive, 2013). The symptoms given by the brain between substance addiction and behavioral addiction are similar. The difference between behavioral addiction and substance is behavioral addicted person do not need to use any substance. Alavi argued that “behavioral addictions such as gambling, overeating, television compulsion and internet addiction are similar to drug addiction except that the individual is not addicted to a substance, but he/she is addicted to the behavior or the feeling experienced by acting out the behavior” (Alavi et al. 2012). In this study focus will be on internet based addictions however not to all of them. According to Youngs’ (2009) argument, there are five types of internet addiction. These are computer addiction (Playing computer games online); web surfing addiction (information overload by surfing on the web continuously); cybersexual addiction (online photography or online sex addiction); Online gambling or online shopping addiction (net compulsions); cyber-relationship addiction. Addiction can cause some mental and physical disorders. Many studies (Young, 1998; Orsal, et al. 2013; Mak, et al., 2014; Zhang, et al., 2017; Ho, et al., 2014; Chaudhari et al., 2015; Caplan, 2003, Rabadi, et al., 2017) have been conducted on the relation between internet addiction and depression. All studies results shows that there is a strong correlation between internet addiction and depression. According to Rabadi et al (2017), internet addiction has an effect on developing other psychological disorders (mental disorders and addictive disorders) besides depression(insomnia, bi-polar disorder, sleepinessand anxiety).
3. SNS Addictions in a Country which has Unique Conditions In another research on social media (women’s attitudes on social media and the effects of gendering on their social media usage patterns) some of the respondents have complained about social media addiction and damages caused by social media usage in pupils’ lives in Northern Cyprus. Some respondents saw themselves as social media addicts and suggest to get rehabilitated and apply for some limitations on social media usage. This study tried to examine the internet usage patterns of people living in Northern Cyprus and its relation with addictive behaviors. Northern Cyprus has a unique political and economic structure since the declaration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus in 1983. “Cyprus is an island in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea which has been divided into two parts as south and north after the war in 1974. Greek Cypriots live in the South, whilst Turkish Cypriots live in the North. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was declared in 1983. Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is not recognized by any country except Turkey. This results in the
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isolation of Northern Cyprus economically and politically all over the world” (Öze, 2017a). Many researches have been done on developed countries and on their societies. However there are other societies that live in different conditions and proper features like people who are living in Northern Cyprus. In this study, it was purposed to explore SNS addiction existence by using Internet Addiction Test (IAT) which is created by Young (2015). The effects of SNSs usage on people who are living in Northern Cyprus have been examined basically according to IAT. Young (2015) argues that online users separated into two categories as 'normal' online users and 'compulsive' online users. Young drawned the IAT from earlier research and clinical studies that explored various aspects of online behavior and profiled characteristics. Young was influenced by other researchers (Greenfield, 1999; Griffiths, 1996; Morahan-Martin, 1997; and Young, 1997a, 1997b, 1998, 1999) while she differentiated ‘normal’ online users from compulsive online users. Young said that "characteristics of compulsive online users include: a preoccupation with the Internet, lying about the behavior, a loss of interest in other interests and/or people only to prefer more time online, using the Internet as a form of escape, an inability to control the behavior, and impairment in functioning. Compulsives also reported frequent time distortion, sleep deprivation, increased social isolation, being secretive about online activities or a sudden demand for privacy when online, and persona development when online" (2015).
4. Purposes and Hypothesis The present research was designed to explore how overdose internet and SNSs usage have changed everyday life practices of people in Northern Cyprus. This study tries to explore the SNS usage patterns of somehow an addictive people in compare to people who are not categorized as normal SNS users. Addictive attitudes towards SNS usage and its effects on its users when high usage level detected were examined. Based on research debated above and the nature of being SNSs users in Northern Cyprus examined, the following hypotheses have been developed. H1: Younger adultswould be expected to be show more addictive in SNS usage patterns than the other generations in Northern Cyprus. H2: People who have more responsibilities and more tasks to do (Adults and mature adults) would not be expected to be as addict as people who have more free time (adolescents and younger adults) to spend time on SNS’s in Northern Cyprus. H3: Respondents with high SNSs usage would be expected to be more depressive in the lack of internet access; and expected to show mood modifying experiences while they cannot use SNSs.
5. Methodology 5.1 Sample th Based on a two month-long study (15th of December 2017 – 15 of February 2018), the face-to-face in-depth interview method have been applied upon twenty participants. It is aimed to reach detailed information with in-depth interview method by asking open-ended questions. “In-depth interviewing is a qualitative research technique that involves conducting intensive individual interviews with a small number of respondents to explore their perspectives on a particular idea, program, or situation” (Boyce and Neale, 2006). Within the scope of this study, participants have questioned associated with a SNSs usage experiences and thoughts related to their behavioral changes, the thoughts they have concerning and outcomes, and about any implications they perceive in themselves as a result of their changing behaviors. The target respondents were all people living in North Cyprus. The research population constitutes at 30, and of the sample, 93.3% of the respondents use social media and only 6.7% of the respondents non-social media user. All potential participants selected by the researcher. Male and female equality, people from five different generations and gender differentiation have organized by researcher while selecting interviewees. The sample was compromised of 17 women and 13 men. The sample include seventeen different occupations: High School students, university students, retired teacher, housewife, account manager, director (real estate and gym center), personal trainer, civil servant, advertising consultant, fund raiser, insurance agent manager, academician, kinder garden manager, retired civil servant, journalist, translator, retired coiffeur. Each interview took approximately thirty minutes.
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5.2 Measure The interview guide contained questions related with demographic profiles (age, gender, education level, occupation) of participants. The research was conducted among five different generations. Greatest Generation (1927-1945 - Old Generation), Baby Boomers (1946-1964– Mature Adults), Generation X (1965 – 1979– Adults), Generation Y (1980-2000– Younger Adults), Generation Z (2001-2020– Adolescents and Children) have been considered as separate generation categories. The last census in Northern Cyprus was made in 2011. However this census had been done in 2011 and 7 years has passed over it. It must take into account that the percentages of generation classification in society have changed. Generation Z has increased in percentages, on the other hand especially Greater Generation and Baby Boomers, and Generation X and Generation Y have decreased in percentages as well. "Generation classification in North Cyprus is as follows according to the 2011 census results" (Öze, 2016). Table 1: Classification of Generations in North Cyprus (Öze, 2016) Classification of Generations in North Cyprus Total
Percentage
Greatest Generation (1925-1945: Over 72 years old)
23,258
8%
Baby Boomers (1946-1964: Between 54-71 years old)
57,085
20%
Generation X (1965-1979: Between 39-53 years old)
69,795
24%
Generation Y (1980-2000: Between 18-38 years old)
83,409
29%
Generation Z (2001-2020 Below 17 years old)
52,710
19%
Total Population
286,257
100%
The intergenerational differences and SNSs usage patterns and SNSs’ effects on their whole life in the base of addiction were asked to participants. In the research questions firstly tried to explore if the respondents have internet addiction and then focused on social media usage patterns. First of all, IAT test has applied to all participants individually. Twenty questions addressed to respondents. This test is originally designed based on likert scale from 0-5 with closeended question form. Based upon a 5 point likert scale (Not Applicable ‘0’, rarely ‘1’, occasionally ‘2’, frequently ‘3’, often ‘4’, always ‘5’), respondents rated the closest internet usage frequency they had formed related with question. However in this study IAT test applied to respondents differently. Interviewer asked the same questions to participants in an open-ended format, then participants decide to their rate according to the designed likert scale and respondents explained his / her decision to interviewer by the way. 5.3 Findings According to this research, 30 participants answered the questionnaire form. 5.3.1 Worried generations Respondents from Greatest Generation, Baby-boomers and Generation X have mentioned that they are seriously felt disturbed because of the way of young people use the internet. Most of these respondents (except Meryem) do not prefer to use social media. Table 2: How often do others in your life complain to you about the amount of time you spend online? Complain frequency of social media users about their time spends Total
Not Applicable
Rarely
Occasionally
Frequently
Often
Always
Greatest Generation
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
Baby Boomers
3
0
1
0
0
0
4
Generation X
4
1
2
0
0
0
7
Generation Y
1
1
4
4
1
3
14
Generation Z
0
0
2
0
0
1
3
10
2
9
4
1
4
30
Total
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“The phone is a good tool to communicate nicely, but overuse is bad. If you know yourself, you do not have trouble with internet use. However generally I observe that internet deeply influenced many people's lives. The marriages are breaking down because of the social media. The old buddies and friendships are gone. There is no old way of understanding each other and getting in relationship with new generations. They always deal with phones. I think it's better for us to talk with each other. When I visit people from new generation and instead of paying attention to the guests, they play games on their phone, talk on the phone and It make me to feel unwanted. It's a disrespectful behavior to the person who comes to your house. You should welcome and talk to your guest instead of playing with your phone” (Zehra, Female, 76, Greatest Generation, Secondary School Graduate, Housewife). “Relationships have changed, people do not look at or talk to each other's face-to-face. Going to cinema and watching movies on the internet is not the same thing, internet usage makes people lonely. Good social media use and social media addiction are not the same. I think relationships and friendships have changed. People are not interested in each other. This is not healthy. Just use it when you feel need” (Hasine, Female, 67, Baby Boomers, University Graduate, Retired Teacher). “When I go to meeting with my friends, I'm the only one who doesn’t play with phone, everyone has a phone in their hand and they do something on the phone and I feel alone. If there is no one who focuses on the phone, I chat with him / her. I can only get in chat with older ones, because all the others are focused on the phone. The one who uses it a lot is alone; on the other hand the one who never uses it is lonely as well. If I miss somebody, I'll meet with that person face to face in a place. It is very insincere to me to write on the social media. I think the phone is for communication. If we need to reach someone, we will briefly explain it on the phone and the event should over. Technology usage has become an exaggeration. I think that your intelligence will also be negatively affected. I think the physical production will stop. New generation does not want to produce. What are we doing? The only reason is not technology. Political, economic factors, bad management of incoming administrations are also influential. However, a generation that does not want to produce grows and they do not suffer from that. A teenager who uses that device for hours burns my heart. Even when I'm watching TV, I always try to produce something. But the present generation does not deny their situation. Our young generations are under the threat of technology” (Hülya, Female, 50, Generation X, Manager in Kindergarten, University Graduate). “I have always pleasant time in the places I went with my friends. In the meantime, couples who come as beloved instead of kissing, making love, spending time with each other, they do not communicate with each other and they play with their phones. I feel sad when I see this situation. Where are we going? What’s happen to us?” (Meryem, Female, 40, Generation X, Manager in Insurance Firm, High School Graduate) 5.3.2 Children who do not play games on the street “People always plays with phones or tablets, they do not read newspapers or watch news. Little children have tablets in their hands; children who do not play game are growing up. Children's that do not play games cannot grow healthily. The research has shown that children have a lot of myopia because they are looking to mobile phones and tablets so closely” (Hasine, Female, 67, Baby Boomers, University Graduate, Retired Teacher). “I use my social media accounts to chat with my friends and to play online games on social media. My mum calls me to dinner and I don’t want to stop playing most of the time” (Ceren, Female, 12, generation Z, College Student). “An only friend of my nephew Melodi is her Ipad. She doesn’t even eat something without it. Her Ipad is always with her. She is only 4 years old. My family forbid her to enter into our house with her Ipad. She only plays real games in our house” (Berrin, Female, 21 years old, Generation Y, University Student). “My cousin had her own Ipad at the age of 1, she is 2 now. She can use is it properly and plays on it. It is impossible to get her out without her Ipad” (Mert, Male, 21, Generation Y, University Student).
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5.3.3 Periods with internet, periods without Internet “I always prefer old time to new time, new time periods can never be like new old times. On the other hand, we have to adapt to the new. I frequently use of both Facebook and Instagram to get in contact with my friends, to aware from the news, to update myself” (Meral, 86, Greatest Generation, High School Graduate, Retired Public Servant). “I lived with my real life as much as internet entered into my life. After internet spread, real life is all over. Before that I helped to my grandfather to feed our chicken after internet I started to play Hay Day. Then I started to feed my virtual chickens within specific periods via my smartphone” (Berrin, Female, 21, Generation Y, University Student). “When I was student we don't have mobile phones, these times were very nice and fun times, there were letters, and there were home phones. People were more like 'human' in that times” (Meryem, Female, 40, Generation X, Manager in Insurance Firm, High School Graduate). “Before 1994 we have lived without the internet and without mobile phones. It was so beautiful. If I would prefer, I would choose old times” (Tekin, Male, 52, Civil Servant, High School Graduate). 5.3.4 Happy but desperate “I think exaggerate internet usage is a general problem, everyone complains but everyone does it. Life without internet is boring; it seems like water drinking for your health, it's compulsory for me. 1-2 years before my father became nervous while I am checking internet but know he changed, they are like us now.” (Hasan, Male, 23, Generation Y, Personal Trainer, University Graduate). “Nobody says anything because everybody is like that” (Yusuf, Male, 21, Generation Y, University Student) “I usually spend a lot of time on internet, sometimes I think it's wrong, but there is no effort to change it. I like to spend my time on the internet very much, it's make me happy. Internet is like my oxygen and my phone is like my heart. It was 3 hours off my phone once and my mood fell. I lost my control and I felt uncomfortable. When I was online again I felt myself connected to life. I feel strong myself when I'm online” (Eliz, Female, 23, Generation Y, University Student). “My mobile phone is only a device that stands beside me when there is no internet, but when I can use it with internet it is becoming very important device for me. I get a lot nervous when the internet is not working” (Elis, Female, 18, Generation Y, University Student). “Sometimes I feel uncomfortable because I lost more time on the internet then I expected, but I don't even try to reduce my internet usage. I prefer to spend all my breaks with the internet. Have a break have a internet not KitKat. During my sleeps I wake up 3-4 times and keep an eye on all of my SNSs accounts within 20 mins, check if there is a message and stalk people as well.” (Elnaz, Female, 20, Generation Y, University Student). 5.3.5 Are we multifunctional or are we lost our motivation on focus? “Having the internet makes human to feel uncomfortable. The Internet has turned people into slaves. There are some people who can spend their time as an internet addict. There are people who control social media very often and it’s affecting their business performance badly and affecting negatively their concentration to their tasks as well” (Ayşe, Female, 56, Baby Boomers, High School, Accountant) “When I was tired of people's social media attitudes, I moved away from the social media. Every time I was online, my friends immediately want to chat with me for hours and it was waste of time and I was overwhelmed” (Çisem, Female, 16 Years Old, Generation Z, College Student) “If I should study and by the way I have internet connection; I definitely prefer to spend my time on the internet” (Günel, Female, 14, Generation Z, High School Student). “If I have free time and if I am alone I would prefer to check my SNSs. How many people have liked the photograph I have shared, what comments have been made to my post and if these are positive, it is becoming a good motivation for me personally. On the other hand all my job performance is depending on my
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researches, observations and ads on internet. Internet helps me to improve my business performance rapidly. I couldn't say internet is demotivating me!” (Hüseyin, Male, 32, Generation Y, University Graduate, Director). 5.3.6 Have a Break Have a 'Internet' Table 3:How often do you check your internet before something else that you need to do? How often do you check your internet before something else that you need to do?
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“I like to stalk someone that I want to know about, it may be my need, I don’t know but I like to do it in the midnights. I like to spend my all time on the internet especially I like to use Snapchat and Instagram. I would like to show my other friends where I am, what I am doing.It makes me happy… I prefer to use Snapchat and Instagram because I don’t want to face with my family members and relatives on my accounts” (Elnaz, Female, 20, Generation Y, University Student). “I sometimes feel that I can’t breathe without internet connection” (Günel, Female, 14, Generation Z, High School Student). “I think I am addict to watch videos, especially on cooking. I like to cook and its make me happy to watch that videos. During the day I am used to be on internet, I checked my phone even I don’t have to do something. I can’t imagine that I do not have internet connection. It’s my life” (Eliz, Female, 23, Generation Y, University Student). “I can relax by surfing on the Internet, I'm not watching TV. Depending on my interests, I spend my free times on internet. Sometimes I make researches on training programs, sometimes I make professional reading... Surfing on the internet let me to relax. If I'm not in a place I like, if I'm getting bored, I spend my time on the internet. Even I am working next day, I spend time on internet more than I anticipated (Cemil, Male, 39, Generation X, Post-Graduate, SOS Fund Raiser). ‘I often spend more time than I expected on internet’ (Tekin, Male, 52, Civil Servant, High School Graduate). “It depends on my day routine, if I am busy in the store, I will not have a chance to check my Instagram but if I am have free time, I absolutely check my Instagram” (Mert, Male, 21, Generation Y, University Student). “I use social media to rest my brain. I also recommend social media based games for relaxation” (Raif, Male, 54, Baby Boomers, High School Graduate, Journalist).
6. Conclusion and Discussion Pantic, (2014) and Ryan et al., (2014) believe that, there is a grooving body of evidence arguing that SNSs disorder is an emerging mental problem, especially among adolescents. However in this study, it was determined that young adults are showing more intensive internet addictive behaviors than adolescents. While some focus on photo sharing in the social media (on Instagram and on Snapchat stories), some of respondents always watch online videos via SNSs and some others play games with highly SNSs usage profiled participants. Except for work-oriented uses, very few participants use social media extensively over the age of 50. Particularly those who are involved in the Generation X and who are busy in business are unable to spend much time on their individual social media account. However they extensively use internet to complete their tasks online. It is possible to relate the frequency of individually social media usage with the density of work
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life and density of leisure time. Member of Greatest Generation and Silent Generation mostly do not prefer to obey new technologies and its outcomes. They criticize the changes that occurred in whole life perception. They always express their old life and longing for that old times. Greatest Generation and Silent Generation mostly do not approve of changes happened in human relationships and they are concerned about the problems that humanity will meet in the future. It has been identified that everyone have some complaints about changes in relationship patterns because of the internet, however especiallyGeneration Y and Generation Z have stated that they like to use SNSs and internet at the same time. It’s possible to say that, ‘everyone complains but most of them are happy with their situation’. Most of the respondents would not like to decrease their internet usage. Only some people in Greatest Generation and Baby Boomers have resistance to not increasing the frequency of use. This means that, the reactions of different generations to these technological developments might be different. It is possible to say that, SNSs usage has started to show pathological symptoms like negligence of personal life; another consequence being mental preoccupation; escapism from people or problems; excessive use of internet causes modification in mood experiences in the absence of internet; The other result is shown as decrease in tolerance especially in young generations (adolescent and young adults); and increase in the addictive behavioral consequences with exaggerated use of internet. It is possible to indicate that the young generations’ respondents’ most likely feels preoccupied with the Internet and may display a loss of interest and motivation on real life as well. Societal observation has to be carried out and research on excessive internet usage and its consequences has to be studied in Northern Cyprus. Internet addiction treatment centers should be established by experts. Exaggerated use of internet and its results should be explained especially to young generations in schools (primary, secondary and high schools) with compulsory social course. Social and cultural activities that will enable young people to be participatory, active and productive are needed to be increased in schools. Public spots should be prepared before children to indicate that parents should be an example of balanced use of the Internet. Difference between reality and virtuality should be brought forward both in compulsory courses and public spots. As it is more difficult to treat after addiction occurs, it's better to focus on preventive actions on excessive usage of the internet. Focusing on children is important because they will build our future.
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