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SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012 Improving Energy Efficient Buildings
École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture de Grenoble, France. Universidad de Sevilla + Jaén + Granada + Málaga, Spain. Università degli Studi di Roma TRE + Sapienza Università di Roma + Free University of Bozen + Fraunhofer Italy, Italy. University of Applied Sciences Konstanz, Germany. RWTH Aachen University, Germany. Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Hungary. Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Spain. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain. “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism + Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest + University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania. Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. Tongji University, China. Bordeaux University, France. Universidad del País Vasco (Euskel Herriko Unibertsitatea), Spain. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina + Universidade de Sâo Paulo, Brasil. Chiba University, Japan. Universidade do Porto, Portugal. École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture Paris-Malaquais + École des Ponts ParisTech + Università di Ferrara + Politecnico di Bari, France + Italy. Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012 Improving Energy Efficient Buildings
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Publication Director Sergio Vega Sánchez Javier Serra María Tomé Editorial Coordination Mónica Almagro Corpas María Porteros Mañueco Advisory Board Edwin Rodríguez-Ubiñas Graphic Design Cristina Navas Perona Elena Almagro Corpas Layout Vanesa León García English translation Participating Universities María Porteros Mañueco Proofreading of English text Ana Momplet Chico Photography Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 / I + D + Art Printing Imprenta Kadmos First edition September 2013 Book Edition Solar Decathlon Europe + Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ISBN: 978-84-695-8845-1 Deposito Legal: M-30025-2013 Printed in Spain All Rights reserved; no part of the publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher. The publisher does not warrant or assume any legal responsability for the publication’s contents. All opinions expressed in the book are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Solar Decathlon Europe or Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
Authors Solar Decathlon Europe Competition, New Challenges, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Sergio Vega Sánchez Overview of SDEurope 2012 Competition by the Juries Susana Torre, Jane Kolleeny, Marija Todorovic, Rafael Úrculo, Harriet Pilkington, Jason Twill. From High Energy Efficiency to Zero Energy Buildings: passive strategies and other energy efficient solutions used by Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 houses Edwin Rodríguez-Ubiñas Smart grid at Solar Decathlon 2012 J. M. Solans, R. Muñoz - Schneider Electric España
Description of SDEurope 2012 Houses by the participating Universities École nationale supérieure d’architecture de Grenoble Pascal Rollet & Maxime Bonnevie Universidad de Sevilla + Universidad de Jaén + Universidad de Granada Javier Terrados Università degli studi di Roma TRE + Sapienza Università di Roma Chiara Tonelli University of Applied Sciences Konstanz Lena Schönrock RWTH Aachen University Peter Russell Budapest University of Technology and Economics Varga Tamás Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Fernando Sánchez-López Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Fran Pérez “Ion Mincu” University of Arhitecture and Urbanism + University Politehnica of Bucharest + Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest Radu Pana + Adrian Sandu Technical University of Denmark Bjarne W. Olesen Tongji University Wangling Ling Universidad del País Vasco Rufino Javier Hernández Arts et Metiers ParisTech Bordeaux Denis Bruneau, Philippe Lagiére, Laurent Mora Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina + Universidade de Säo Paulo Jose Ripper Kos & Fernanda Antonio Chiba University Takaharu Kawase Universdade do Porto Manuel Vieira Lopes Ecole nationale supérieure d’architecture Paris-Malaquais + University of Ferrara Maurizio Brocato Universidad de Zaragoza Leonardo Agurto Venegas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Beatriz Arranz & Luis A.Molinero Rodriguez
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With regards to the publication of this book, the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) would like to thank all the people who, with their enthusiasm and their hard work, contributed to the success of the SDE 2012 Competition by believing in the project and giving generously the best of themselves for this shared vision to help to improve our buildings and cities. A well-deserved mention goes to the Government of Spain, specifically the Ministry of Public Works and the former Ministry of Housing. Without their institutional leadership these projects would never have seen the light of day. In particular, our sincere gratitude for Javier Serra María Tomé, for his unconditional support and expertise. His know-how and commitment has been vital for the success of the project. Also, we extend our appreciation to the Department of Energy of the United States whose unwavering support has been fundamental in bringing this competition to Europe and adapting it to European needs. We would also like to thank all the sponsors for their support, without which we would not have been able to do many of the activities that were essential for the success of this initiative. Finally, the UPM is especially grateful to the organization itself, to the staff of the UPM and the thousands of volunteers from the UPM and Madrid who worked so generously. And last but not least, our deepest appreciation goes to the real heroes of these projects: our thanks to the thousands of college students who participated and competed giving the best of themselves, contributing with their energy and innovative ideas to help create a more sustainable world.
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Rafael Catalá Polo State Secretary Ministry of Public Works
The housing directives designed by the Ministry of Public Works rely on the reorientation of the building sector towards the refurbishment of housings and buildings, and towards the urban regeneration and renovation, based principally on three main aspects: looking after the conservation conditions of the buildings, facilitating the accessibility and movement of any handicapped and older people, and encouraging the housing energy saving and efficiency. In particular the importance given from my Department for the energy efficiency not only answers the European Union objectives, but also responds to our commitment with an economy low in carbon, an urban environment of quality and the technological development and innovation, with all their implications for our industry. The fulfillment of these ambitious targets on building energy saving and efficiency involve an enormous effort from the administrative offices and in general from the society, for educating and disseminating the potential of energy efficiency and renewable energies usage, which like solar is numerous in Spain. For this end, Solar Decathlon Europe has been a very useful tool to contribute to this necessary awareness. For this reason, the Government of Spain through the Secretary of State for Housing and Urban Development of the Ministry of Public Works, fulfilling the commitment signed with the USA Government of bringing this prestigious international competition to Europe, has relied on the enormous communicating and social awareness potential of this competition, which objective, apart from generating knowledge by means of the promotion of the research and innovation applied to architecture and construction, has contributed to the population involvement in a more conscious use of the energy. The goal of this book is to transmit the basic information of the projects that participated in the competition, celebrated in September 2012, and therefore contribute to its dissemination and knowledge. In closing, I would like to emphasize that Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 could not have been possible without the collaboration of Madrid City Hall, and the support from the sponsors, Schneider Electric and Kommerling. Our acknowledgement and appreciation to all of them.
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Ana María Botella Serrano Mayor of Madrid
By the middle of the 21st century, we hope to have set up a way of life in our cities that is both compatible with the environment and sustainable. This new model, based on the principles of efficacy, efficiency and sufficiency, has as its main objectives: lowering the consumption of energy, using renewable energies and/ or minimizing contaminating emissions. The prioritization of these features is being insisted on more and more by the general public. Institutions have to be responsive to these demands and participate in initiatives that contribute to the dissemination and awareness of these new ways of coexisting with the environment. Keeping in line with this objective are the exhibitions of the first two competitions of the Solar Decathlon Europe here in Madrid, which bring us future possibilities applied directly to houses through R&D and advanced technology. This is how we see it here in Madrid, where in the last few years we have become an example of the best applications and practices developed in this area. Our initiatives in sustainability, including construction and housing, have received recognition both at the national and the international level. Our city has hosted two consecutive exhibitions of this international contest offering particularly unique locations to support the spirit of the competition. In 2010, the Villa Solar was located in the Manzanares riverbank, an area which has seen the most ambitious urban transformation of the city in recent history. In 2012, the exhibition was placed in the area of Puerta del Ángel, in Casa de Campo, from where we can see an extraordinary panoramic view of our city skyline. Madrid is especially grateful for having been selected as the venue of this competition. The enormous effort of institutional collaboration put in by all those who participated in this experience was appreciated by the thousands of visitors who were able to enjoy the exhibition and the quality of the projects which were being presented by the participating universities/teams. Solar Decathlon Europe has been an excellent opportunity not only for demonstrating the existence of a different approach, but also by showing that it is completely feasible. The endeavor to develop sustainable architecture is a contemporary commitment, and, more importantly, a commitment to our future. And this venture will always have the support of the city of Madrid.
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DETERMINED PROGRESS IN ENERGY EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS Fidel Perez Montes Director General of the Institute for the Diversification and Conservation of Energy (IDAE)
In Spain, of an overall annual National energy consumption of 86.062 ktoe, energy consumption in the building and equipment sector in 2011 was 25.802 ktoe. Out of this, 16.222 ktoe was residential housing consumption, and 9.580 ktoe was used by service buildings. Moreover, if our domestic energy consumption is separated into thermal and electric usage, the former (9.843 ktoe) is much higher than the latter (6.379 ktoe). The analysis of energy usage in the building sector, leads us to conclude that there is significant room for improving the energy efficiency of our buildings. Primarily, because approximately 58% of the buildings were completed before the introduction of a national directive in 1979, the Basic Building Regulation, which addresses thermal conditions in buildings and mandates a minimum level of insulation. Faced with this reality, along with the inevitable challenge of moving towards a low carbon economy, it has become necessary to generate a series of relevant codes, such as those approved last April in the Council of Ministers. The final objective is not only to guarantee the constitutional right to a well-designed and functional home, but also to improve the level of conservation conditions, accessibility, quality, sustainability and energy efficiency of our buildings, in addition to providing support for the restructuring and recovery of the construction sector. Indeed, the last few months have been especially intense with the introduction of regulatory initiatives of great importance to improve the energy performance of the existing buildings, and to guarantee that the new ones will be built based on energy quality and zero emissions of criteria pollutants. Taking this into account, it is important to mention the authorization of the 2010/31 directive, which mandates energy performance certification of existing buildings; and the 8/2013 regulation regarding Urban Refurbishment, Regeneration, and Renovation which, among other items, uses the Building Evaluation Report (IEE) as an instrument to control the level of construction conservation and energy efficiency of the building. Therefore, the Institute for the Diversification and Saving of Energy (IDAE), in keeping with its purpose and function, is working to put in place the Refurbishment Plan for Residential and Hotel Buildings, and has been endowed with 125 million Euros for promoting and funding the application of energy saving and efficiency measures on building enclosures and thermal systems, as well as the use of renewable energies, focusing mainly on geothermal and biomass energy. In conclusion, we are advocating regulations which demonstrate our commitment to transform a sector with tremendous possibilities towards environmental and energy sustainability.
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Carlos Conde Lázaro Rector of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
As in the 2010 competition, the Solar Decathlon Europe Organization finalizes the great work realized for the 2012 competition with the publication of this book, which shows the experience and results obtained during this event. Both results and experience, are revealed throughout the text. But a book has its limits, therefore, it is really difficult, if not impossible, to completely transmit the extraordinary wealth of the competition and the huge amount of work done to make it come to reality. We have to thank all the people who made this event possible and also those institutions which supported the competition: Ministry of Public Works, Technical University of Madrid and Madrid City Council; and take satisfaction in its success. As the UPM Rector, I have to give special thanks and appreciation to all the University members who worked on this project: 60 people were involved (including professors, administrators, and students) and approximately 800 volunteers. The UPM collaboration with the Solar Decathlon Project has been continuously growing since 2005, when it was the first non-American university to participate in the competition. In 2010, after its second participation in 2007 (this time accompanied by the German University of Darmstadt) the UPM took responsibility for organizing the first Solar Decathlon Europe. This agreement was repeated again in 2012. The SD Europe 2012 event has been the most international of all the competitions held until today and also stands out for including important changes, such as the specific contest for Energy Efficiency. It is remarkable how, with realistic proposals, the participating teams produced three time the energy consumed. This gives us an idea of how much this competition can contribute to solving technological challenges with immediately applicable solutions. We have to congratulate all the teams, as the quality of their projects was praiseworthy . Moreover, we specially congratulate the winning team, the Rhône Alpes, with their house called Canopea, and the “Andalucía Team”, a group of universities from Andalusia who came second. From a personal point of view, I have to emphasize the great experience I had visiting the different houses in the 2012 competition. We were given special treatment, which along with the excitement and eagerness being transmitted from within the Villa, made us think about the possibility of participating in future SDE projects. From an institutional point of view, I have to stress UPM’s appreciation of the support given to this event which fully represents the values we want to disseminate in our university education, and which we will continue doing, whenever possible, for future competitions.
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Richard J. King Director Solar Decathlon U.S. Department of Energy
The challenge—as we enter the new millennium—is climate change. How do we rebuild twentieth-century buildings and infrastructure to be more energy efficient and sustainable, and how do we redesign our future? Specific to the Solar Decathlon, how do you design a home that is self-sufficient? A house that is healthy to live in and produces its own clean power? In 2000, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) challenged university schools of architecture and engineering to design and build solar-powered houses that were energy efficient, functional and appealing to the public. In 2002, after two years of design work, 14 pioneering collegiate teams showed up on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., to showcase their houses and to prove their potential. The first Solar Decathlon 2002 was a stunning success. Starting with the 2005 competition, the Solar Decathlon was opened to international universities and the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid was the first European team to enter. Their house was called “Magic Box,” and all of Europe seemed to have adopted the team. Advance construction of the home in Madrid was widely covered by the media, including more than 40 newspaper stories, 4 hours of radio interviews, and 15 television appearances. The house was the most visited exhibit at the Real Estate Fair of Madrid in May 2005. It was also the centerpiece of a course for 20 students from universities throughout Europe during that summer. Based on the success of the Magic Box and two other entries from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid in 2007 and 2009, the Universidad petitioned the DOE to allow it to adopt the rules and hold a Solar Decathlon in Europe. Madrid, Spain, was chosen as the site, and the rest is history. Two spectacular Solar Decathlon Europe competitions were held in Madrid in 2010 and 2012. Since 2002, the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon has directly affected the lives of nearly 17,000 collegiate participants on 112 collegiate teams. On top of that, at the time of this writing, 62 teams from 33 different countries— nearly 9,500 students—are participating in three different Solar Decathlon competitions around the world: Solar Decathlon Europe 2014, Solar Decathlon China 2013 and the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2013. With this kind of brain power at work, our future looks bright.
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SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE AND ITS IMPACT Carlos Pérez Figueras General Director of Kömmerling
I remember, back in 2007, when we received a proposal requesting collaboration on something called Solar Decathlon. I must admit that back then I wasn’t sure what it was and wondered whether it was worth embarking on an adventure of this type. Today after having lived this experience, I have a clear answer: Yes. Solar Decathlon Europe has been much more than a competition of students from different countries in search of the best solar house. Solar Decathlon Europe represents innovation, hard work, achievement, enthusiasm, teamwork, dedication, companionship, challenges, motivation... definitely, strengths that describe the essence of this competition and the impact it has made on, KÖMMERLING as a sponsor, the world of architecture and construction, and the general public. I can genuinely state that Solar Decathlon Europe has, without a doubt, demonstrated that things can be done exceptionally well, and taking into account what has been accomplished thus far, the potential for further development in this field of sustainable architecture is enormous. Solar Decathlon Europe has been the launching point which has established that one can build affordable, sustainable homes for the general public. It is clear that the means to do so exist, and we only need real commitment from relevant institutions, companies, professionals... and, of course, the general public, to accomplish this. Something that until recently seemed almost utopian can become a reality. It was very pleasing to see that the new generation is so committed to this cause, full of creativity, enthusiasm and professionalism, this again demonstrates that we are on the right track. Therefore, initiatives like Solar Decathlon Europe, which received important media coverage and reached so many people, are vital for social awareness and spreading the importance of the need for sustainable construction. For all of the aforementioned we, at KÖMMERLING, are very proud to have been part of this important project and this great organizing team during the two competitions in Spain. We fully identify with its founding principles and objectives. We hope that there are more initiatives like this which demonstrate that a new concept of architecture is possible and feasible. And although, as we previously stated, we are on the right track, there is still much to be done as we have only just begun this journey. In closing, I would like to quote the Nobel Peace Prize winner and former UN Secretary-General for ten years, Kofi Annan, words that I believe summarize the real importance of initiatives of this type: “Safeguarding the environment is a guiding principle of all our work in support of sustainable development; is an essential component in the eradication of poverty and one of the foundations of peace”.
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SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE EXPERIENCE José-Emilio Serra de Fortuny Customer Satisfaction, Quality and Business Development VP de Schneider Electric para la Zona Ibérica
In 2010, we started our adventure with the Solar Decathlon Europe. It was not a new experience for Schneider Electric. Our colleagues in the United States have previously participated in other versions of the competition held in North America. Here in Spain, we welcomed the announcement that Madrid was going to host the first exhibition of this competition in Europe. During the two competitions held in Madrid, we had the occasion to work closely with the organization, and also with many teams from participating universities. In fact, we collaborated with almost half of the teams involved and all of them surprised us with a final product that greatly exceeded our expectations. They really did an amazing job. The teams faced an immense challenge. But so did we. One of the things that the Solar Decathlon Europe competition did was to test us all. In the first competition in 2010, we designed and implemented the first microgrid in Spain that was used to support the competition. We also faced an additional challenge: connecting houses that worked with different types of electrical power to the same. And, we did it. In the 2012 competition, we created additional challenges ourselves. No longer satisfied with a microgrid, we wanted everything to function with an intelligent distribution network, and also, we wanted it to operate in a way that was both comprehensible and visible: the visitors to the Solar Decathlon had to understand how energy is managed in a smart environment. Through our participation in Solar Decathlon, we have proved that creativity, commitment, perseverance ... are values that are very much present in students of today. That through teamwork, diversity, and the need and desire to improve, emerge solutions that are capable of meeting our current challenges. The teams demonstrated that a home can be both comfortable and self-sustaining, and that existing technology can address the needs for our houses and cities making them much more sustainable and respectful of the environment. And, above all, what is most important has been the ability to communicate this information to the general public. We are leaving 2012 with special memories, the aspirations of the teams at the award ceremony and the enthusiasm of the team that created the House Rhone Alpes Canopea which won the competition. Their motivation encourages us to continue investing in innovation and talent from within universities and training centers, and to continue supporting projects such as the Solar Decathlon Europe which encourage students to give their best. Although Solar Decathlon Europe has moved its headquarters to France, Schneider Electric will continue to work with the team. And from Spain, we will continue to support the Spanish teams that participate in the upcoming competitions in France.
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SUMMARY Ecolar Home University of Applied Sciences Konstanz, Germany
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS: SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE & 10 ACTION PROJECTS’ EVALUATION. NEW UPM CHALLENGES.
Counter Entropy House RWTH Aachen University, Germany
by Sergio Vega Sánchez
OVERVIEW OF SDEUROPE 2012 COMPETITION BY THE JURIES 2012 Solar Decathlon Europe by Susana Torre SDE 2012 Buildings Integrated Energy Efficiency - A Milestone Of The Sustainable Energy Plus Buildings And Settlements Of The Future by Marija Todorovic Engineering And Construction by Rafael Úrculo Passing the Point of No Return - Sustainability is No Longer a Trend by Jason Twill
Odoo Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Hungary SML System Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Spain (E)CO House Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain Prispa “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism + Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest + University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania Fold Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Para Eco-House Tongji University, China
Going Global: In ten years, the Solar Decathlon extends its reach from the U.S. to Europe to Asia by Jane Kolleeny
Sumbiosi Bordeaux University, France
Response to Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 Event by Harriet Pilkington
Ekihouse Universidad del País Vasco (Euskel Herriko Unibertsitatea), Spain
FROM HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY TO ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS: PASSIVE STRATEGIES AND OTHER ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS USED BY SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012 HOUSES
Ekó House Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Universidade de Sâo Paulo, Brasil
by Edwin Rodríguez - Ubiñas
Omotenashi House Chiba University, Japan
SMART GRID AT THE SOLAR DECATHLON 2012 by J. M. Solans and R. Muñoz (Schneider Electric Spain)
DESCRIPTION OF SDEUROPE 2012 HOUSES BY THE PARTICIPATING UNIVERSITIES Canopea École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture de Grenoble, France Patio 2.12 Universidades de Sevilla + Jaén + Granada + Málaga, Spain Med in Italy Università degli Studi di Roma TRE + Sapienza Università di Roma + Free University of Bozen + Fraunhofer Italy, Italy
CEM’ Casas em Movimento Universidade do Porto, Portugal Astonyshine École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture Paris-Malaquais + École des Ponts ParisTech + Università di Ferrara + Politecnico di Bari, France + Italy CASA π UNIZAR Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain PROTOTYPE SDE2010 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
CREDITS
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS: SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE & 10 ACTION PROJECTS’ EVALUATION. NEW UPM CHALLENGES Sergio Vega Sánchez, Dr. Architect, PMP Professor at the E.T.S. de Arquitectura, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Director of the Master’s Degree in Construction Quality Control. Researcher of the TISE (Innovative and Sustainable Techniques in Building) Group. General Director-Project Manager of the SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE Competition 2010-2012. Main researcher of the 10ACTION project.
In 2011, I had the opportunity to write the introduction to the book “Solar Decathlon Europe 2010. Towards Energy Efficient Buildings”, where I described the circumstances behind SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE and 10ACTION, two ongoing projects lead by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid which had an important social impact and received tremendous media coverage. With crucial reflection on all the processes required for presenting projects that are so committed to protecting the environment and also keeping in mind European politics, I become fully aware and convinced of the importance of disseminating the rationale behind the origin of these projects and their success. Two years later, I am again faced with the same challenges, but with the additional need to not literally repeat myself, make a final assessment of both projects, followed by an account of new challenges that the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid plans to take on in this shared commitment to improve energy efficiency and sustainable buildings and cities. Beyond the responses presented at the international Conference for Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and Johannesburg in 2002, the European Union has articulated its commitment and support through the objective 20/20/20, which seeks: a reduction in greenhouse gases emitted by the European Union, a minimum reduction of 20% of its 1990 levels; a 20% reduction in primary energy used; and a 20% increase of energy generated from renewable sources. This objective is based on the various directives developed in Europe for this purpose: 2002 - Energy Efficiency in Buildings, 2009 - Use of Renewable Energy, 2010 - Net-Zero Emissions Buildings, and 2011 - New Directive of Energy Efficiency. Ananalysis of the correlation between investment (cost) and return (the effectiveness of the measures) and its representation in a simple pyramid chart, shows that it is more effective to invest in saving energy, therefore, it is essential to generate social awareness (it has a greater saving potential and is more profitable), support improvements in efficient energy use in our buildings and facilities, and generate the little energy that is needed from renewable sources that are create less pollution. This challenge requires that we give precedence to needs that are listed below: • Developing the necessary knowledge for new technologies that would make possible an increase in energy savings through energy efficient equipment, buildings and cities. • Transmitting this knowledge to the industry so these innovations become efficient industrial products that can be made use of because of their competitive edge. • Disseminating this knowledge among technicians, professionals and businesses in order to generate a critical mass of professionals that will productively integrate these innovations into their “skills” and their daily routine. • Raising social awareness at every level, from children and youngsters, who represent the future, to the general public, is essential , so we can all make use of energy responsibly.
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renewables
energy efficiency
energy saving
The UPM Commitment to the Improvement of Energy Efficiency and Sustainability The Universidad Politécnica de Madrid has actively committed itself to generate knowledge in these areas by setting up multiple research groups and projects, by disseminating this knowledge through organized courses in professional specializations, masters, doctorates, and also through professional conferences and workshops, and by supporting activities for different types of communities in order to raise awareness amongst the public; through a combined effort, we can make buildings, cities, and the world much more sustainable. The first significant milestone of this commitment was made with the participation of the UPM in the Solar Decathlon competition, which is a competition organized by the U.S. Department of Energy of the United States mainly for American universities; students have to design and build prototypes of housing selfsufficient in their energy use, powered by the sun, attractive and economical enough to potentially become a reality in the near future. The final phase of the competition consists of building all the prototypes, creating the “Villa Solar”, then, putting all the prototypes on display and competing in the 10 categories which form the basis of the competition (Decathlon). The Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, highly committed to sustainable development, participated on three different occasions in the American competition: in 2005, with the MAGIC BOX house; in 2007, with the CASA SOLAR; and in 2009, with the BLACK&WHITE house. In October 2007, the active commitment and participation by the UPM at the 2007 Competition in SOLAR HOUSE, prompted the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between the Spanish Government and the American Government, under which, for the first time, the competition would leave the U.S., and Spain would organize two competitions in Madrid focusing on European universities. It is the outcome of the 2010 and 2012 competitions of the renowned international Solar Decathlon Europe that is being considered here. Solar Decathlon Europe Competition When the Government of Spain through the Ministry of Housing, asked the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid to organize these two competitions, they specified two main requirements: • First, promoting innovation and generating knowledge in systems that improve the performance of energy efficient buildings, integrate renewable energies, and help achieve conditions of sustainability in buildings and cities. Also, transferring this knowledge to the industry and to professionals, in order to create a core group of technicians who could integrate innovative, eco-energetic solutions in their routine designs and activities. • Second, taking advantage of the social and media interest aroused by the competition to make society, from
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UPM Magic Box, 2005 UPM Casa Solar, 2007 UPM Casa Black&White, 2009.
children and youngsters to the general public, more aware of the importance of using energy responsibly. In addition, improving the energy efficiency of our buildings, equipment, bulbs, etc., and developing ways to exploit and integrate renewable energies in our lives, in other words, of working together to create a more sustainable world. With these specifications in mind, we developed an initial ambitious strategy that would support the competition with activities that would appeal to the public and media in order to take advantage of all of the possible ways to disseminate information and promote social awareness. Compared to the method used in the American competition, our distinctive modification can be described as the sharing of objectives with the teams and other Spanish and European agents taking advantage of the potential synergies, encouraging each team became the focus of influence in their environment, launching and leading a European project to develop activities in other European countries, making the competition a common European challenge, promoting innovation and sustainability, encouraging the creation of shared research. This initial strategy which was applied in the first half of the project, is clearly visible in the modification of the competition compared to the American one, and with the launching of the European 10ACTION project, and also the organization of a large number of activities around the Solar Decathlon 2010 competition. Solar Decathlon Europe 2010 Competition The Solar Decathlon Europe 2010 was initiated in the year 2008, and the final part took place in June 2010 at the “Villa Solar”, constructed in Madrid on the two shores of the Manzanares River. 17 Universities participated in the final phase with their proposals which were described and analyzed in the previous publication of this book. The categories which were clearly defined in the objectives of the competition were: architecture; engineering and construction; solar systems; electrical energy balance; comfort conditions; appliances and their functionality; communication and social awareness; industrialization and market feasibility; innovation; and sustainability, the last four being completely new and very different to the categories included in the American version of the competition. Of the 1,000 points of the competition, some were given in quantitative, objective measurements, and the others were assigned by the six international expert juries which assessed diverse aspects such as: architecture, engineering, solar systems, industrialization, communication and sustainability. To accomplish the aforementioned objectives, we developed and organized more than 75 different activities aimed at all public groups in the months prior to and during the competition, the goal being to promote social awareness regarding responsible energy use for improving the conditions of sustainability in our homes and cities.
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The results could not have been more encouraging in every single aspect: both from a general point of view and judging the event strictly as a competition, from a technological point of view and from the social impact and publicity it generated, with more than 192,000 visitors during the 10 days of competition. In the months before and during the competition there were more than 268,000 hits on the website (www. sdeurope.org) from over 157 different countries, coverage by an estimated 5,000 media organizations around the world (only in Spain we controlled and recorded over 2,000 ), with an estimated 400 million people who had direct information of the event. Because of the positive reviews of this first competition in Europe, the Solar Decathlon Europe project received the important honor of being categorized as “Communication” organized by the European Commission through the platform of networks of communications called Sustainable Energy Europe. The award was given at an event called European Awards at the Sustainable Energy Week. Through a critical analysis of the work completed in the first competition, we learned a lot and many of the suggestions for improvements were implemented in the next competition and in the activities planned for the 10Action project. Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 Competition Among the many new challenges that we took on for the second competition, one involved emphasizing even more the subject of energy efficiency through the incorporation of a new contest specifically regarding this concept, an extension of the main message which is to make even more sustainable cities and buildings, therefore we included this, with its evaluation, in the competition; developing housing solutions that allow for a greater number of residents, to meet the needs of the cities with a more sustainable approach; incorporating the electric car that, in addition to the benefits of sustainable mobility, can balance the electricity demand and is supported by one of the first operational Smart Grids in Spain. Internally, a new monitoring system was developed to be used throughout the “Villa Solar”, in addition to the software for the competition, which was much more robust, reliable, and suitable for research projects. From a communication point of view, an even more positive coordination was organized with the 10ACTION project, including a similar number of activities as those in 2010, but being much more selective, much more focused, and with much better organization and direction for each group in the target audience. The contests for second competition, which highlight our objectives, were Architecture, Engineering and Construction; Energy Efficiency; Electrical Energy Balance; Comfort Conditions; House Functionality; Communication and Social Awareness; Industrialization and Market Feasibility; Innovation; and Sustainability. The competition, held at the Casa de Campo in Madrid, was once again a success with respect to both participation and interest. Of the 23 teams selected from 15 countries from around the world for the
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competition, 18 managed to reach the final stage in September 2012, resulting in an attractive and compact “Villa Solar”.Close to the competition site, there were spaces dedicated to media, with specific places for children, young people, professionals, university students, and the general public; areas in which we had organized a large number of activities planned for the Solar Decathlon Europe and 10ACTION project. The final assessment of this second competition was again very positive, from the extent of its media coverage and social impact, with more than 220,000 visitors, and also from the view that it was strictly a competition which, as in the previous experience, was both exciting and evenhanded to the very end. It had a very active participation from the decathletes, inspired by their shared goals, presenting very efficient, attractive prototypes with innovative technologies and strategies for improving the conditions of sustainability. There was also a special camaraderie among them, which made it an unforgettable experience for the hundreds of university students from around the world who bonded through their common desire for sustainability. 10ACTION Project As a supplementary extension of the activities developed in the area of the Solar Decathlon Europe competition, the 10ACTION was launched. This was a project led by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the IDEA (Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy, the Energy Agency of the Government of Spain), the Technische Universitat of Darmstadt, Energy Agencies of Austria (AEA), Greece (CRES) and Portugal (ADENE), and the company EMK. The 10ACTION was funded by the European Union under the Intelligent Energy Program. This initiative also included the active support of more than 12 additional European countries that collaborated to organize specific activities. This project looked for ways to encourage behavioral changes in European citizens, promoting education, social awareness and dissemination of knowledge. 10ACTION was firmly committed to encouraging the responsible use of energy, increasing energy efficiency, developing renewable energy integration, and improving the conditions of sustainability in our buildings and cities. The action plan takes into account five target groups towards whom all the activities are directed, these groups are: children, youth, college students (all of whom represent the future in some way), professionals and the industrial sector, and the public in general (see activities on the website: www.10action.eu). After a little more than three years of development, activities were organized in many European countries, focusing on different target groups. For children, workshops were organized to teach through play, web games to create awareness, and drawing contests, etc. For teenagers, activities regarding social awareness were set up, as were photographic competitions, workshops, etc. For European university students, workshops were organized, debates related to the competition were arranged under the theme, More with Less (Emissions) in addition to conferences, house visits, and guided tours during the construction of the “Villa Solar”.
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40.000 38.000 But we can recharge our electric cars here!
36.000 34.000 32.000
It would be great if we could heat our houses before waking up!
30.000 28.000
And smart appliances may start working before we get home
26.000 24.000 22.000 22
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
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10ACTION included dozens of conferences, professional seminars and workshops aimed at disseminating information and awareness among industries and professionals, as well as, a number of visits and cultural and recreational activities designed for families and the general public, with the aim of creating awareness amongst European citizens on how they can save energy within their regular daily activities and how they can contribute to improving the conditions for sustainability. The assessment of 10ACTION has also been very positive, having met and exceeded all the set goals in terms of the impact of the different activities planned for each target. More than 9,000 children were actively involved in the activities, about 7,000 teenagers, more than 2,000 college students participated in the 10Action project, more than 17,000 professionals from the construction field, and nearly 145,000 people in the general public who actively participated. In total, more than 174 861 Europeans played games, learned, and thought about the way we live and how we can improve the sustainability of our buildings and cities through the 10Action project. Final Evaluation of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2010-2012 Competitions and the 10ACTION Project Even though, like any project or action, there is always room for improvement, the final assessment of the projects organized and led by the Universidad Politécnica Madrid (Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 and the 10ACTION project) can be considered very positive. • A high level of involvement with companies, and public and private institutions from over 22 countries, with Spain, the United States, and the European Union participating most actively in the development of these projects. • 48 universities from around the world participated in the SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE projects. Requests for participation were received from more than 70 universities of the 800 universities that were initially contacted. • Over 600 researchers and PhD students participated in research projects, directly or indirectly associated with the projects SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE and 10ACTION. • 3,000 volunteers helped organize the competition and other activities. • More than 25,000 children and teenagers played and participated in activities organized by 10ACTION and SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE. • More than 25,000 professionals from the construction sector participated in conferences, workshops, and courses developed by SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE and 10ACTION specifically for this group. • 192,000 visitors to the Solar Decathlon 2010 and 220,000 visitors in the year 2012; 145,000 people (general
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0
2
ARCHITECTURE ENERGY COMFORT SOCIAL ECONOMIC STRATEGIC
Architecture
120
Engineering & Construction
80
Energy Efficiency
100
Electrical Energy Balance
120
Comfort Conditions
120
House Functioning
120
Communications & Social Awareness
80
Industrialization & Market Viability
80
Innovation
80
Sustainability
100
200 220 240 160 180
public) who participated in activities developed by 10Action in 12 European countries. • In total, more than 600,000 people directly involved in activities organized in the framework of both projects. • 10,000 media impacts of Solar Decathlon Europe and 10Action estimated in the world, of which almost 4,000 were directly from within Spain. • More than 800,000 visitors to the websites of SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE and 10ACTION. • During the SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012 alone, there were 124,000 followers on Facebook, over 120,000 followers on Twitter, 5,700 hits on the SDE2012 blog, 2,380,000 Google hits, 7,810 videos, 156,000 images, 59,700 results in blogs, 2,810 results in discussion forums, 255 videos in Vimeo and 291 videos on YouTube. In total we estimate a global reach of over 600 million people worldwide who heard about some of our activities. This is an important result considering the message associated with each and every one of the activities. New Challenges for the Technical University of Madrid As an extension of the activities undertaken by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid within its commitment to improve the sustainability our buildings and cities, the team that planned and developed the SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2010 and 2012, and also led the 10ACTION project, continues to work on new projects and strategic initiatives. Continuing with research activities, the UPM participates in competitive research projects, such as the project SIREIN Energy Refurbishment of Buildings, or new positions taken up in the field of Facility Management for energy saving. The UPM is also finalizing the development of the SOLAR VILLA Experimental Platform with five solar houses and eight experimental adiabatic modules at the Campus of Excellence belonging to the UPM in Montegancedo, Madrid. The UPM has reached an agreement with SOLAR CSTB, the organization to which the French Government has handed the responsibility for organizing the Solar Decathlon Europe 2014 competition in France. The UPM is participating in the organization of this next competition which will be held in Versailles, near Paris, and laying the groundwork for the consolidation of the Solar Decathlon Europe competition, so that it becomes a truly European project.
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Also, there are many other initiatives and proposals open for collaboration on existing projects associated with the commitment of the UPM, through a critical analysis of experience gained and lessons learned, we are working on the launch of a new project called GESBC: GLOBAL ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE BUILDING CHALLENGE. GESBC is an international program, in a competition format, which seeks to address the challenge of ensuring progress, in every aspect of sustainability, working towards a more socially, culturally and technologically sustainable world. To meet this challenge we are counting on the support of more than 100 universities from around the world to participate in the program, sharing strategies, and competing with each other, to improve the conditions of energy efficiency and sustainability in their prototype structure (new or refurbished), and simultaneously using this opportunity to raise social awareness in their community, encouraging transformation and promoting a movement towards sustainability in their social, technological and cultural environment. We are presenting this as a global challenge because the objective is to share strategies with each other, from individual environments and communities, and really push this common agenda to improve the sustainability of our buildings and cities. Final Acknowledgements I would like to close this brief introduction to the book by addressing all the participants who contributed to the success of these projects, all the institutions, organizations, and companies that made possible such positive results through their financial assistance and warm support. A well-deserved mention goes to the Government of Spain, and specifically the Ministry of Public Works, and the former Ministry of Housing. Without their institutional leadership these projects would never have seen the light of day. The unconditional support from the Ministry despite the existing serious economic situation in the country is greatly appreciated. In second place, the IDAE (Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy), the energy agency of Spain, deserves similar recognition, as it has supported without reservation the 10ACTION project and actively participated in its concept, design and development, resulting in a very gratifying collaboration. Also our gratitude goes to the Austrian Energy Agency, AEA, Greece; CRES; and Portugal, ADENE, as well as, the University of Darmstadt, and the company EMK, for their active participation in the project. Our thanks to the Madrid City Council for making it possible to have two great Villas Solares for the years 2010 and 2012, both in excellent, representative sites of Madrid. Also we extend our appreciation to the Department of Energy of the United States, and in particular to Richard King, Director of Solar Decathlon. His talent and his unwavering support, for the team organizing
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the Solar Decathlon Europe, have been fundamental in bringing this competition to Europe, and adapting it to European needs. The support received from the European Union has encouraged us to believe that this competition will become an authentic European project in addition to the individual initiatives of countries. We would also like to express our thanks for the support received from all the sponsors, without whose efforts we would not have been able to do many of the activities that were essential for the success of this initiative. Although there were many companies that were involved with technical and/or economic support in the projects, we would like to highlight our main sponsors Schneider Electric, Kommerling, and Saint Gobain for their active collaboration in all areas. Our special thanks to the communication media, for the significant support received, and for the large coverage they gave us. Without doubt, an important part of the success came from the generous treatment received from the media. And finally our deep appreciation to the real heroes of these projects: our thanks to the thousands of college students who participated and competed giving the best of themselves, contributing with their energy and innovative ideas to help create a more sustainable world. In closing, I would like to highlight that neither Solar Decathlon Europe nor 10ACTION would have been possible without the sacrifice and effort of the organizing team, a large group of students, researchers and professors from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, who have believed in the project and generously gave the best of themselves, for this shared vision to help to improve our buildings and cities. To the whole organizing team, to the thousands of volunteers from the UPM and Madrid who worked generously, and to the staff of the UPM for making the success of these projects, thank you very much. This book, which sets out in detail the experience of the teams during the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 and completes the 2010 experience in the preceding book, is a tribute to all the thousands of people who, with their enthusiasm and their work, have contributed to the success of these projects. This book also serves as a handover to the organizers of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2014 in France. From here we wish you the best of luck in the upcoming competition, and pledge our strong support in achieving its objectives.
http:// www.sdeurope.org http:// blog.sdeurope.org http:// www.flickr.com/people/sdeurope http:// vimeo.com/sdeurope http:// www.facebook.com/sdeurope
http:// twitter.com/sdEurope http:// www.10action.com http:// www.facebook.com/pages/10Action/283263048371264 http:// twitter.com/10_Action
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Overview of SDEurope 2012 Competition by the juries
Architecture Energy Efficiency Engineering and Construction Sustainability Communication and Social Awareness Industrialization and Market Viability
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2012 SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE Susana Torre Member of the Architecture Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. Professor at Columbia & Yale Universities (USA), Kassel (Germany) and Sidney (Australia)- Director of the Cranbrook Academy and the Architecture Department of the Parsons School of Design (New York) -Architect awarded by the American Institute of Architects, the National Endowments for the Arts and the Humanities, The Center for Advanced Study of the Visual Arts and the Graham Foundation.
The Architecture Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 was composed of three members: Members of the jury: Mario Cucinella, Susana Torre, José María Lapuerta Jury coordinator: Mónica Almagro Jury Assistant: Alejandra García Hooghuis
The jury wishes to congratulate all those involved in Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 for the excellent results achieved: the organizers, for envisioning the conceptual framework and logistics of the event; the schools and sponsors, for creating the infrastructure and providing the means for the realization of the projects; the student teams and the faculty advisors for designing and building the dwellings that are the very reason for Solar Decathlon; and the volunteers, without whom the implementation of such a complex international event would not have been possible. The Solar Decathlon 2012 Exhibition has shown a wide range of conditions for sustainable building practices and solar energy today – from modest but valuable proposals where a single dwelling in a rural environment is given the task to teach an entire country about sustainability and solar energy, to highly sophisticated proposals for dense urban conditions. And from cutting edge technologies to the very thoughtful use of passive solar strategies, as demanded by the jury of the architectural competition in 2010. Some dwellings in the exhibit also showed that we’re still trying to work out old ideas, like those of Dr. Maria Telkes, the M.I.T. pioneer scientist who invented the first solar panels to be used in a house in 1948, collaborating with architect Eleanor Raymond in attempting to integrate the newfangled technology into a vernacular architectural language. Or the Whole Earth Catalog movement of the late 1960s, based on use of readymade industrially produced structures and the recycling of materials and furniture that is being revived in our time by Urban Mining, a movement that is taking root in Germany and other countries. These examples remind us of how long it takes for ideas – even good ideas – to influence and change the modus operandi of industries, the academy, and, more importantly, the public and private agents that build and change the physical environment. This is why the jury decided to reward those projects that most clearly advanced the application of sustainable strategies for the cities and neighborhoods we inhabit today as well as the new cities that will emerge in the future. With regard to sustainability, architects should be particularly mindful of the suburbs -- not only because they lack identity, density, and good service and transportation infrastructures, but because it is in these environments that the most unsustainable kind of building has taken root. The jury members also felt that research on building methods and photovoltaic materials should be stepped up -- perhaps in the area of nano technology -- to find ways of turning current expensive solar equipment into more affordable and sensitive skin-like materials, as shown in some of the houses. Such a development would accelerate the integration and wide application of solar technology that is currently confined to the specialized world of “solar architecture.” The need for integration and acceptance of new technologies brings us back to the question of urban environments, because the building block of the city is not the house, but the neighborhood, with its variety of building types, shared landscapes and infrastructures and building codes – many of which actually prevent the development of sustainable building practices and must be updated to favor and support them. Such a complex task will require the talent and expertise of design professionals at all scales of the built
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environment. To contribute to speeding up this process the organizers of the next Solar Decathlon should give some thought to including certain requirements that have been just sketched in the rules for the 2012 competition. For example, the development of prototypes for specific locations could help adapt proposals to particular situations where they might more readily be adopted. Or there could be a requirement for higher urban densities than those that can be achieved by stacking three stories in wood construction. Or the rules could eschew entire self-sufficiency in favor of shared smart grids. Perhaps then low-density prototypes should be evaluated in a different category from higher-density ones. The importance of engaging the political process that makes and transforms cities - and including the town’s mayor in the list of project collaborators – should be stressed. Future Solar Decathlons could provide the opportunity to expand the knowledge of functionaries in the ministries of the environment of similar public agencies, the mayors of towns and the heads of regional governments - all those politicians who are in a position to defend sustainable development as a goal for the future of our lives.
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SDE 2012 BUILDINGS INTEGRATED ENERGY EFFICIENCY - A MILESTONE OF THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY PLUS BUILDINGS AND SETTLEMENTS OF THE FUTURE Marija Todorovic Member of the Energy Efficiency Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. UNESCO/ENEA Renewable Energy Sources e-Learning Lecturer, IIR Commission C1 President, Founder and President of the IBPSA-Danube Affiliate. Served as Scientific Secretary of the ICHMT, coordinating Editor of the Energy and Buildings and Editorial Board member of International Journals Building Performance Simulation and Global Warming. member of ASHRAE, REHVA, UNESCO and other international organizations The Energy Efficiency Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 was composed of three members Members of the jury: Karsten Voss, Ignacio Fernández-Solla, Marija Todorović Jury coordinator: Carlos Espinosa Jury Assistant: Ricardo Puerta
In order to stop global climatic changes and their increasingly destructive consequences, it is imperative to further develop independent, dynamic, and flexible energy systems in which miniaturized technologies and distributed energy production, synchronized through “smart grids” based on the RES (Renewable Energy Sources), play a vital role. Current irreversibly damaging processes have to be stopped, and intensive growth of energy efficiency and RES utilization has to be achieved especially in the building sector. SDE 2012 has not only successfully confirmed that such a goal is reachable, but even more - the 18 buildings, with their harmonized passive/active architecture/construction/HVAC/RES/smart-grid integrated energy efficiency, have opened a new frontier for sustainable energy in buildings and settlements of the future. Attending SDE 2012 in Madrid, witnessing the event and serving as a juror was an unforgettably enriching experience for me. The aim of the Energy Efficiency Contest was to encourage the enhancement of all system designs, with the intent to reduce energy consumption and to assess the functionality and efficiency of all the components of the house. Teams demonstrated an extremely high level of energy efficiency in their house design and its technical systems, components and materials as well as appliances, each contributing to the final integrated value of energy efficiency of the house. Their approach to the HVAC systems design was thoughtful and creative with the concept selection, sizing and resolution of the HVAC systems facilities, and evaluation and optimization of passive and active strategies - searching for the most energy efficient combinations. In addition, it is important to stress, that all teams in their search for energy efficiency did not neglect the broader requirements of the house, particularly indoor air quality and all other aspects of the indoor environment quality. Most of the end products in different aspects of the Energy Efficiency Contest were extremely creative, innovative, physically sound and scientifically appealing. Consequently, the evaluation process and ranking the teams was a very challenging responsibility. In order to evaluate teams, we assessed the degree of innovation in the participating houses, focusing on emergent and radical changes in its systems and components and their creative integration, which would increase its value and/or improve its efficiency, such as the active and passive integration and technological contributions used to maximize the energy efficiency of the house. In addition, we took into consideration innovative methods introduced to improve the environmental efficiency of the house, including illumination, acoustics, and hydrothermal processes, thus enhancing the comfort, health and livability of the house, as well as facilitating flawless functioning of the house and its equipment. Focusing on energy efficiency, teams demonstrated effective connections between and synthesis of their design and analysis process, applying sound engineering principles, the most current modeling tools, performing BPS – building performance simulations – and coming up with creative solutions for total building performance optimization. The efficiency was also increased through the Control System: the contribution by BACS (Building Automation Control System) to energy saving in the house was also an important component within the Energy Efficiency Contest.
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In the Energy Efficiency Contest, innovation and scientific research were interwoven with all other energy efficiency components. Students’ attention was drawn not only to designing and building houses, but also to searching for new ways to improve the construction and integration of the building’s solar components and systems, to using new approaches to engineering, to generating knowledge of sustainable solar buildings, and to reducing waste and energy consumed during manufacturing. Our jury had prepared a few questions for teams. All teams were asked to define the building’s energy efficiency. Quite often, even among professionals and experts, energy efficiency of a building is treated as something that occurs only during its operation, at the Villa Solar site all teams clearly specified that energy efficiency is a quantity which is applicable to the building’s life cycle, and that energy consumed during the building’s construction is very important, as is the associated energy efficiency. The electric systems in the houses were connected to the local utility service provider in Spain – Schneider Electric created a low-tension micro-grid that interconnected houses and their solar panels, linking them directly to local and global grids through two MV/LV substations and thereby helping to create a net-zero energy home, balancing the energy flows, particularly electricity flows, and adapting the energy supply to the demand in real time. This is a very important aspect of the SDE 2012 competition, as modern society is increasingly dependent on electricity. Ongoing robotization and computerization of society, in addition to, transportation will all bring about an increase in the use of electricity. A detailed analysis carried out by Edwin Rodríguez by monitoring the houses and the energy balance data within the Scneider’s smart micro-grid, deserves attention. It shows that half of the houses were Madrid E+ houses - generating more energy than they were consuming, and what is very important is that heat recovery, integration of passive and hybrid systems and HVAC, heat pumps and RES integration, optimization and “smart micro-grid” coordination of existing commercially available components and systems were as important as the essential solar innovations. This short review of the Energy Efficiency sub-contest I will dedicate to the winning team Andalucia Team and its design approach. It is a prototype building with an innovative concept behind its construction consisting of living prefabricated modules with clear marketable potential. Extremely well coordinated construction elements, combined with traditional home spaces and enriched with the crucial understanding of their inextricable link with the features of its envelope. Building outdoor and indoor environment dynamics resulted in this building with its home-country traditional courtyard – a building with potentially high energy efficiency performance. In addition the innovative evaporative adiabatic cooling facade, the building has a PV system which has a double function, roof cover and electricity generator. PV panels placed on the roof of the living modules create a ventilated air gap on small supports, with the appropriate incline to achieve higher efficiency. Crucially designed as energy efficient passive/active, this building has potential to live its life as a healthy building of high quality regarding all aspects of the indoor environment. For all these reasons, the Andalucia Team deserved the first prize. * Besides the Andalucia Team, there were a few other teams with designs inspired by their local traditional buildings, for example the Romanian and Italian Teams. It would be great SDE 2012 outcome and a great challenge for contemporary architects to be asked to design E+ houses which are reminiscent of locally traditional houses. In all cultures worldwide, the building of traditional houses included no absurd luxuries, no pretentiousness, but harmony, taste, and sizes which were creatively produced even in poverty. Understood by all was a codex, standardization which was adjusted and set up for centuries and that is the spirit which should be transposed into a modern houses. The style and the rhythm of the life of a modern man are very different than they were in earlier times, and idea is not for a modern man to live in a 19th century house – not a return to heritage and tradition but using them both as a foundation.
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ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION Rafael Úrculo Member of the Engineering and Construction Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. Founding partner of R. Úrculo Ingenieros Consultores S.A., Associate professor of the Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura of Madrid, Professor of the Master’s Degree course in Restoration at that university, member of ATECYR, ASHRAE (USA) and CIBSE (UK). The Engineering and Construction Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2010 was composed of three members: Members of the jury: Rafael Úrculo, David Springer, Tjerk Reijenga Jury coordinator: Katja Klinkenberg Jury Assistant: Diana Benavides
The SDE 2012 competition has brought about an important evolution in the use of technology in houses, both from an engineering point of view and compared to the previous SDE competition. Even though the general objectives for both competitions were basically the same, the means used to attain them were much more developed and sophisticated in 2012. The aforementioned objectives were basically: • Providing maximum comfort (thermal, acoustic, and functional) for the inhabitants • Achieving minimum net energy consumption • Using passive strategies and renewable energies • Carrying out appropriate prior thermal analysis • Developing a suitable structural analysis For each individual case, the jury analysed the structural, mechanical, and electrical plans, along with the integration of the renewable energy components in the house. As a distinctive consideration, the jurors gave special attention to innovation in the applied solutions. In the competition, the different solutions proposed through each house were clearly the result of a variety of approaches, responding to diverse climatic conditions and cultures. Therefore, some houses placed special emphasis on the insulation, some on thermal inertia, and others on ventilation and evaporative cooling, bringing back traditional techniques conveniently adapted to current needs. The use of phase-change material (PCM) was common in most of the prototypes, contributing nonstructural high thermal inertia and significant storage capacity to the thermal treatment systems. Therefore, compared to the SD 2005 competition, where only some PCM use was observed, the SDE 2012 competition was a confirmation that these materials provide a reliable solution as they have already passed through the experimental phase. Concerning renewable energies, the adoption of mixed panels in some of the houses deserves a special mention. These panels were used for generating electricity, and hot and cold water. The system is simple. A water plate is placed over the PV panels to improve their performance. The hot water generated is stored to be used later on. During the night the process is repeated, however, in this case, the cooling of water is caused by space irradiation (on cloudy days), and the cool water is used for indoor air conditioning: directly or through the PCM accumulators. The Rhône-Alps Team introduced a very interesting solution, pertinent to an urban environment. They brought a prototype which could be stacked one on top of the other, up to six times, presenting a real alternative and a very practical solution for limited urban spaces. According to the jury, the standard of the competition was excellent. All the participants exhibited a deep
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knowledge of the applied technologies, having done exhaustive work throughout the project, from the initial design phase, up to the final construction and execution. Almost all of the prototypes were ready for industrial production. In conclusion, the SDE 2012 competition exceeded all expectations, fulfilling its objectives completely.
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PASSING THE POINT OF NO RETURN – SUSTAINABILITY IS NO LONGER A TREND
Jason Twill Member of the Sustainability Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 Senior Project Manager/Sustainability Manager- Design and Construction for Vulcan, Inc, Steering Committee Member of Garrison Institute, Board Member of the International Living Future Institute, Founding Board Member of Green Sports Alliance, Board Member of BioRegional and Trained Presenter of The Climate Reality Project. The Sustainability Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 was composed of three members: Members of the jury: Emilio Mitre, Manfred Hegger, Jason Twill Jury coordinator: Mónica Almagro Jury Assistant: Alejandra García Hooghuis
Flying into Madrid that late September afternoon my expectations were already high after having poured through all the students’ written submissions of their projects. However, those expectations were dramatically exceeded when I first arrived on site at Villa Solar and toured the grounds where there was a constant buzz of “oohs and aahs” from students, judges and the general public alike. Three days of visits, three days of questions and presentations, and three days of insightful discussions about the state of architecture and construction in our world with my fellow jurors. If there was only one key takeaway that I could mention of my involvement as a juror for 2012’s European Solar Decathlon competition it would be this… hope. Walking the Villa Solar ground both by day and by night and listening to those impassioned students illuminated for me the tremendous progress the Solar Decathlon competition has made in advancing a common understanding of ecologically and socially conscious design and construction over the past several years. While I was utterly impressed by the level of understanding and innovation that each team brought to fruition in their projects, but I was even more impressed by the level of consistency I saw among the various teams in their approaches to optimizing energy, habitat, water, and material systems. From Brazil to Bejing, Romania to Rome, the students demonstrated a common language and approach to sustainable design concepts and applied them very thoughtfully to address both climate responsiveness and placebased context given the region of the world they came from. It was this common understanding among the various teams that has stuck with me in the months since my visit to Madrid and has left me with high-level of hope that these brilliant, hard working and passionate students will settle into their respective careers and will lead a transformation within our industry. Although I never consider sustainability to be trend, it is has been discussed as such over the past several years. After having gone through the experience of a juror for Solar Decathlon Europe 2012, I can resoundingly state sustainability is NOT a trend and that we have long passed the point of no return, the tipping point as many of us say. No, sustainability is merely the new normal and the student teams for this years’ competition could not have demonstrated this notion better. I received tremendous value in participating in this event and was able to learn so much not only from the students, but from my fellow jurors, Manfred and Emilio, and our amazing coordinators Monica and Alejandra. The discussions that would ensue after each day’s visit to Villa Solar were intense and would draw late into the evening over a meal. It was here we discussed how well students integrated traditional local knowledge and vernacular of passive design strategies into their submissions such at the internal patio concept used by the Andalucia team and the massing and thermal envelope design for Prispa by the Romanian team. How elegant low cost, “low-tech” strategies were shrewdly utilized over high cost ones such as the sand-filled aluminum “thermal” tubes conceived by the Med-In-Italy team and the simple concept of a “home within a greenhouse” approach of the UPC (e)co team.
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We also stressed the importance and value of beauty with regards to sustainability. Not beauty from a luxurious sense, but beauty of soul nourishing kind. The kind of beauty that would make someone fight to save a home or building from being torn down a hundred years hence. The Tonji and Odoo project teams excelled in this area. There was also a larger discussion of the role of density and humanities global trend toward urbanity. While the majority of submissions thoughtfully considered the modularity of their homes with stacking potential, the Rhone-Alps team really applied this concept to the extreme which yielded them honorable mention on sustainability, and overall winner of this year’s competition. Overall, attending Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 in Madrid and serving as a juror was a deeply enriching experience for me. I wish to congratulate the large number of individuals that worked tirelessly to make this competition a reality in both the U.S. and in Europe. Without their leadership and vision, I am certain the advancement and attainment of knowledge of sustainable design and construction concepts would not at the level where they are today. I particularly want to thank the students, who from all over the globe, brought with them a wisdom, passion and work ethic that was truly inspiring to encounter. I wish them all the best of luck in their respective careers and know our industry will benefit tremendously from them having endured the Solar Decathlon experience.
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GOING GLOBAL: IN TEN YEARS, THE SOLAR DECATHLON EXTENDS ITS REACH FROM THE U.S. TO EUROPE TO ASIA Jane Kolleeny Jane Kolleeny served twice on the communications and social awareness jury for the European Solar Decathlon. Senior editor in Architectural Record Magazine. Managing Editor of GreenSource.The Magazine of Sustainable Design. The Communication & Social Awareness Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 was composed of three members: Members of the jury: Daniel Sieberg, Jane Kolleeny, Miguel Angel Valladares Jury coordinator: Yolanda Sanromán Jury Assistant: Mercedes Ojeda
With increasing numbers of baby-boomers reaching retirement age, conversations abound about the importance of training the next generation of design professionals. One effective teaching tool is the university-based design/build studio, where students see their ideas evolve from conception to built reality, while experimenting with fresh perspectives on digital technologies, materials, and construction techniques. One learning studio that has fast moved into the forefront is the Solar Decathlon (solardecathlon. gov), where students witness the implications of their designs through a ten-category competition that measures aesthetics, building performance, innovation, communications, fundraising, and marketability, all the disciplines they will need to be successful in the real world. Moreover, the competition focuses on renewable energy and sustainable materials, preparing them for a future of climate change. Building product manufacturers have long sponsored the program, and the competition has served as a showcase for renewable energy strategies, especially solar, as well as the latest in green products. Founded by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2002, the Solar Decathlon was never meant to belong to any one country. In fact, after it launched on the Washington Mall in 2002, it spread to Europe in 2010 (sdeurope. org) and next year added China (sdchina.org) to its host countries. According to the Department of Energy’s Solar Decathlon founder Richard King, “We wanted to go international for two reasons. First, to expand the attraction of the event. We quickly saw how people loved the variety of designs, the innovations from different regions of our country. Adding perspectives and cultural influences from foreign countries would be even more exciting and beneficial. Second, if climate change is truly going to be slowed down, everyone around the world has to work together. Reaching out internationally is a step in the right direction.” This past September, 18 teams finished building their houses in Casa de Campo, a park in Madrid. Spain produced the event a second time this year with a whopping 75 percent cut in budget from the last 2010 competition due to the economic crisis. Says competition manager Edwin Rodriguez, “We received the help of nearly 600 volunteers—about 300 students from the Technical University of Madrid (UPM) and the rest from the organization, Volunteers of the City of Madrid.” In spite of such belt tightening, teams came from 13 countries including Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, and Spain. Scores were tabulated in ten categories based on a mix of jury scoring and measurements of energy performance, comfort, house functioning and water use. Averaging the ten scores, the top winner was Canopea (canopy), a house designed by the Rhone Alpes team from southeastern France. They designed a two-storied prototype of a nanotower, cast in an urban context to address issues of density in the alpine corridor where the team originates. The project consists of a series of individual homes stacked in a small tower with shared meeting places, gardens, and vertical farms elevated in the air. Coming in for a close second place was the team from Andalucia in southern Spain, with Patio 2.12, which introduces an innovative cooling technology based on the principle of the botijo, a clay bottle popularly used in Spain to keep drinks cool. In third place the Rome, Italy, team won for Med in
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Italy, an indoor/outdoor house designed for a Mediterranean climate, whose layered walls contain sand in aluminum tubes and coatings of natural insulation made to ensure thermal balance. While scoring in the categories determined by measurement is straightforward, selection of the winners in juried categories was difficult due to the abundance of original thinking and grit among the teams. Serving on the Industrialization and market viability jury, Jennifer Siegel from Venice, California-based Office of Mobile Design remarked, “I cannot recall any time in my career when I was so excited about ideas that were produced in real time, at full-scale, and where the designers were so engaged in adventurous sustainable solutions to industrialized homes. The idea of taking risks is something I continuously expound upon with students. Here was the outcome of risk. While some [houses] were magnificent and some utter flops, all of the projects had a spark of daring creativity rarely found in the built landscapes of American cities today.” Not a single U.S. team competed at this Madrid gathering. Virginia Tech’s Luminhaus won the European competition in 2010, which disqualified them from competing this year, and most other North American teams participated in last year’s U.S. competition. King says the competition is iterative—teams come together and learn from each other what works. It usually takes a few tries before being successful. That’s one reason learning should be the primary goal of the competition. Still, it is a contest, and the highly energized student teams show a strong competitive spirit. We jurors wondered how they remained alert during the day--rumor had it they partied every night at their chosen watering hole, getting the word out on twitter where the evening’s meeting place would be. Of the three winning teams, the top two had competed in 2010 with different houses. All three winners had strong themes and inventive schemes, clearly articulating their intentions to the juries. Next year, Solar Decathlon China will take place for the first time in August in Datong, China. It will be hosted by the National Energy Administration (NEA) and the U.S. Department of Energy, organized by Peking University and supported by private companies. Remarks King: “China has the largest population in the world. We can have the most impact in numbers by holding the program in Asia. The Chinese government, through the NEA, is supporting the competition. That’s significant. It shows they are honest about their desire to become more sustainable as a society and economic powerhouse. They are willing to showcase new ideas to their people on a large scale.” Twenty teams will compete in China including several parings of U.S. and Chinese universities, a few Chinese-only teams, and others from Iran, Israel, Singapore, Egypt, Malaysia, and Turkey. Europe will again host in 2014, where students will build their houses on the grounds of Versailles outside Paris. Can you imagine Marie Antoinette’s horror in seeing her beloved palace juxtaposed with modest-sized, highperformance modern houses? What a magnificent contrast that will be. Next year, the U.S. competition moves to the Orange County Great Park in Irvine, California, the site of the former Marine Corps Air Station El Toro. Turning the site into a sustainable parkland for recreation, the city invited the Solar Decathlon teams to build their houses on a paved runway in the midst of the park. The three locales put together now involve over 70 universities from around the world totaling 7,000 students and faculty. In turn, the competition reaches thousands of people through the media. Imbibes King, “A small but significant step in our goal to educate everyone in the world.”
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RESPONSE TO SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012 EVENT Harriet Pilkington Member of the Industrialization & Market Viability Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. Founding Director of the design and build housing company Eunoia, Board member of PrefabNZ of the New Zealand Timber Design Society Management Committee, Master’s Thesis Supervisor, Senior Lecturer and Design Tutor within AUT University, Department of Spatial Design and the University of Auckland, School of Architecture, currently working in the architectural practice Young + Richards The Industrialization & Market Viability Jury of Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 was composed of three members: Members of the jury: Jennifer Siegal, Harriet Pilkington, Luis Basagoiti Jury coordinator: Pablo Jiménez Jury Assistant: Ricardo Puerta
I was honoured to be invited to the Solar Decathlon 2012 in Madrid from about the furthest place on the planet possible, the city of Auckland in New Zealand. It was amazing to be part of such a global event and cross pollination of ideas, my congratulations go out to all the student teams for their phenomenal projects - just the logistics of getting these structures up under such time pressure is a great feat in itself and the event itself was wonderfully well organised. The Transition to reality is often easy to overlook in the excitement of a future forward global event such as this, and it is often overlooked in the enthusiasm of a university student, that is why I think the Solar Decathlon is a particularly special competition. Students are required to consider the reality of taking their designs to market at this early prototype stage. But alongside this it is also innovation that is a key focus of the competition - this is what will make a difference to the status quo and makes the work on show so exciting. The scale of the world felt very small at this event and I was very interested in what sorts of key design elements in the design of housing had commonality across different cultures and contexts and also where the differences lie. The need to think globally but to act locally has never more been more important in the fight to maintain our cultural identities in this Ikea and iPhone age, I think the strongest competitors recognised this and were very aware of the culture and environment they were designing for. Two of the key things I focused on when assessing the projects were the importance of ‘Place and Context’ in the architecture and the importance of a ‘Flexible and Adaptable Systems Approach’. The Best projects in my view understood these key concerns in their work which was fantastic to see. Probably the key commonality I see when we consider housing globally is that people want a home to fit their lifestyle and that the most successful houses respond to lifestyle and site and cultural context rather than mass cookie cutter developments. The student work offered a much more positive future that the suburban mass that we see as the status quo creeping all over the world. What I see in my work is that the most successful housing companies are those that are able to economically produce different design offerings using the same systems and parameters to cater to individual needs and contexts. What we see with all our projects is that no two projects, sites or clients are exactly alike and design systems need to be adaptable to successfully deal with this. People these days, ever more in my experience, desire new houses in much the same way as they consume most other purchases in their lives. They want to know what they are going to get, how much it’s going to cost, how long it’s going to take, they want the surety of guaranteed quality, at the lowest price possible and if that wasn’t enough- they want it now!
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This is all well and good but then you find out that their site has major planning restrictions and that they want to make “just a few minor changes to the standard design” This is the reality I see many of these prototypes will meet when taken to market. The strongest projects were under no illusions about this. They understood that their prototype design would act as a hook for clients but that their design was a system that could be adapted to different requirements, sites and regulatory conditions. The trick being, how to do this and still have a viable economic product? If the housing product is considered as an open modular system rather than a closed fixed system of parameters then it is possible to cater to a wider audience and context, embracing individuality whilst still being economically feasible. The best projects in my view explored mass customization rather than mass production, surprised us with their innovation and stepped up to greet a challenging future.
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From High Energy Efficiency to Zero Energy Buildings: Passive Strategies and Other Energy Efficient Solutions Used by Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 Houses by Edwin Rodríguez-Ubiñas
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FROM HIGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY TO ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS: PASSIVE STRATEGIES AND OTHER ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS USED BY SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012 HOUSES Edwin Rodríguez-Ubiñas Solar Decathlon Europe Competition Manager. Master in Environment and Bioclimatic Architecture from Technical University of Madrid (UPM). Lecturer in Master Programs of Madrid School of Architecture (ETSAM). Researcher at TISE group in the Department of Construction and Technology in Architecture (UPM).
The expansion of cities, the economic prosperity of countries, and the increase in living standards have all led to a continuous increase in energy consumption in buildings. This situation raises concerns about competitiveness, energy supply assurance, and the environment. In response to the current state of affairs, the European Union has been issuing directives which require Member States to take major steps towards making buildings more energy-efficient. In 2002, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) [1] was approved. This directive emphasizes the need to reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency in buildings. Eight years later, the EPBD Recast [2] was approved, introducing objectives concerning the Near to Zero Energy Building (ZEB) for both existing and new construction. The directive defines a Near to ZEB as a very high energy performance building in which the almost zero, or a very low amount of energy, required must be covered to a very large extent by energy coming from renewable sources, produced on-site or nearby. This is not a concrete definition; many parameters are defined with subjective words such as nearly, very high, very low and very significant. In addition, the directive does not establish the method, period, or boundary of the energy balance, and the energy weighting factors still need to be defined. Consequently, several researchers are working on clarifying and aligning existing definitions, and proposing energy balance methods [3-7]. Despite the lack of definition in the Directive 2010/31/EU [2], it emphasizes fundamental features of the ZEB. One of these features is that these buildings must have very high energy performance levels. The first EPBD specifies that, to have a high energy performance level, it is necessary to reduce consumption and increase the efficiency of the building systems and services. In Europe, most of the energy consumption in buildings is for protection from the external climate and the need to use mechanical systems to maintain comfortable indoor conditions [8]. There are numerous possibilities for reducing heating and cooling loads by using passive design strategies and high efficiency HVAC systems. Therefore these strategies and solutions are essential for meeting the EPBD objectives, and developing Zero Energy Buildings. The Solar Decathlon Europe (SDE), following the objectives of the European Directives, challenged universities from all over the world to design, build and operate sustainable Zero Energy houses [9-12]. The objectives of SDE included, science, education, and social awareness. The SDE Organization recognizes the importance of reducing energy consumption with correct energy management like, developing low energy buildings, and using more energy efficient appliances and equipment. However, it is also conscious that in order to achieve the true potential of energy savings, it is essential that people who live and work in buildings understand the current energy challenges and how they can be part of the solution by adopting a more sustainable lifestyle. During the final phase of the SDE 2012 competition, each team assembled their house in Madrid at the competition site, named ‘Villa Solar’, and SDE visitors got first-hand information about all the different levels where it is possible to improve the energy efficiency of a country: from national energy distribution to smart grids for neighborhoods, transportation, buildings and its services, as well as simple modification of the occupants’ personal habits. Consequently, along with the competition activities, workshops, seminars and conferences were organized. Also, there were some hours in which the houses were completely open
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Fig. 1. Diagram of the ZEB approach and possible energy balances Fig. 2. Low Energy Building as a result of the passive design strategies and active energy efficiency technologies
Fig. 1
to the general public, making them part of the exhibition too. The electricity at the ‘Villa Solar’ was managed by the SDE Smart Grid; all the buildings, including the participating houses, were connected to it. Since the participating houses were connected to the energy grid and were designed to produce more energy than they consume, they were recognized as Net Zero Energy Buildings (Net ZEB). From the first SD competitions, the use of passive strategies and energy efficient solutions has contributed towards earning points in both monitored and juried contests [9]. Similarly, since its commencement, the SDE Organization has promoted and evaluated the implementation of passive strategies and high energy efficient solutions as the way to reduce building energy consumption and increase energy efficiency [10-12]. At the ‘Villa Solar’, the performance of the houses was continuously monitored [13] while they were being evaluated for the ten contests of the competition. Passive strategies and the use of high efficiency solutions in the houses played a decisive role in the competition since they had to operate with minimum energy consumption in order to be successful. In the SDE 2012 competition, even greater stress was laid on the use of passive design solutions and high efficiency solutions. For this event, the contest structure was modified looking to extract a more direct evaluation of energy efficiency in the houses and the effect of the passive strategies employed, see Fig. 1. On this occasion, the “Energy Efficiency Contest” and the Passive Monitoring Period [11] were introduced for first time. This was evaluated within the Comfort Conditions contest and during the days listed in the competition calendar, only the use of passive systems or strategies was allowed. For the purposes of the competition, “passive” meant any strategy or system that did not rely on thermodynamic cycles [11,14] and/or on devices designed to heat or cool. During this period, the use of pumps and fans was allowed, but the use of electrical heaters, chillers (air conditioners), heat pumps or other equipment that included thermodynamic cycles was prohibited. The aim of this chapter is to analyze passive strategies and other energy efficient solutions that may help create Zero Energy Buildings. This analysis uses the SDE 2012 houses as case studies, and is focused on the reduction in energy consumption, and not on the analysis of the energy production systems or the strategies of the houses. PASSIVE STRATEGIES AND OTHER ENERGY EFFICIENCY SOLUTIONS AS A WAY TO ZEB The high energy performance buildings, shown in Fig. 2, may be Plus Energy Building (PEB), Zero Energy Building (ZEB), or Near to Zero Energy Building (NZEB), depending on the balance between the energy demanded and that generated. EPBD Recast states that before identifying a building as a ZEB, it must meet two prior conditions: have a very low energy requirement and cover its energy needs with renewable energy sources, produced nearby or on-site [2]. Very low energy buildings can be created by making use of appropriate passive design practices and making a good selection of energy efficient building equipment and technologies [15]. The optimized low-energy
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Fig. 2
building design includes, as a first step, a complete understanding of the how the building is to be used, the interior comfort necessities, as well as the study of the climate and natural resources available on the building site. As a second step, the passive design strategies to be used must be clearly defined. A passive design includes strategies for hygrothermal comfort, daylight and air quality conditions. And finally, the third step, where the high efficiency active systems and equipment to be used must be decided on. The use of high efficiency HVAC, lighting, equipment and appliances, and an adequate control system, is an effective way to reduce building energy consumption. However, the potential of energy saving through an optimized design process, by minimizing the heating and cooling loads, is usually more effective than the use of innovative HVAC solutions [15]. The passive design strategies may be classified in five categories: envelope, orientation, geometric parameters, other passive strategies, and hybrid solutions. Similarly, the high efficiency technologies may be grouped as HVAC systems, hot water, artificial lighting, appliances and equipment (plug-in energy loads), and Buildings Automation and Control (BAC). Fig. 3 shows how to develop a Low Energy Building using the appropriate passive strategies [16,18] and high efficiency solutions. Building Envelope The building envelope establishes the limit between the interior of the building and the exterior environment. It can be understood a as a barrier, a selective filter or a responsive actuator. In any case, it plays a decisive role in passive design strategies. The most severe the climatic conditions, the more critical are the characteristics of the envelope and its airtight construction. The correct selection of the envelope material can minimize energy consumption while providing interior thermal comfort. The thermophysical and optical characteristics of the building envelope determine the gain or loss of thermal energy between its interior and exterior. The thermal transmittance (U value) generally constitutes the most significant parameter for the selection of both opaque and translucent surfaces. The absorptance, thermal lag and thermal energy storage capacity are also parameters that affect the performance of the opaque surfaces. Meanwhile, for fenestrations, in addition to their U value, it is necessary to take into account their visible transmittance and solar heat gain. Building Orientation, Geometrical Parameters And Ratios Closely related to the characteristics of the envelope, are three parameters that influence the thermal performance of buildings: orientation, geometric parameters, and the relationship between building parts, called “ratios”. The orientation determines the possible use of, or protection from, solar radiation and wind. This parameter can be analyzed on three different levels: by taking into account, the entire building, demarcated spaces, and/or glazed surfaces. For the entire building, it is recommended that the long axis of the construction runs from East to West. Regarding the building spaces, they should be positioned depending on their usage in order to take advantage of, or be protected from, the exterior conditions when in use. On the other hand, the orientation and size of the glazed surfaces are linked to the amount of daylight
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Fig. 3. Buildings’ passive strategies and hybrid solutions Fig. 4. Annual psychometric analysis. ASHRAE Comfort Model 2005. Dots represent hourly average exterior temperature and relative humidity.
Fig. 3
and solar radiation needed and potentially available at the site. Regarding the geometrical parameters, the form determines the size of the surface of exchange. As a general rule for the northern hemisphere, a rectangular floor plan offers the optimal solution for passive solar design [19], becoming even more compact when the climate is more severe. However, this rule must be weighed against the characteristics of the specific site. The ratios give an idea of the proportion and relationship between the building elements. The Aspect Ratio (w/l) is the correlation between the equatorial-facing facade width (w) and the lateral facade length (l) [17]. This ratio in conjunction with the height and the roof type can define the building shape. However, buildings of the same shape and the same volume may have different envelope areas. For that reason, there are other ratios that correlate the envelope area and the building volume which can be used [16]. Keeping this in mind, the European Committee for Standardization proposed two parameters to define the shape of a building: the Compactness Ratio and the Shape Factor [20]. The Compactness Ratio (Ae/VC) is the ratio between the thermal envelope area (Ae) in m2 and the building volume (VC) in m3. The Shape Factor (AE/AC) is the ratio between the thermal envelope area (Ae) and building conditioned floor area (AC), both in m2. However, there are other ratios used for the optimization of the energy performance of the building. Some of them correlate the glazed area with the floor or wall area, or with the conditioned volume [21-25]. A high efficiency building design is not just the result of using one or more disconnected solutions. On the contrary, it is an integrated whole-building design process [26]. There are many studies that deal with the optimization of the building design using numeric analysis and building simulations [27]. Some studies are based on the parametric analysis of one or more variables [16,21,23], others propose multi-objective optimization methods using the Pareto approach [28]. Other Passive Strategies And Hybrid Solutions Hybrid solutions need low energy consumption devices, like fans or pumps, to function. Passive strategies and hybrid solutions help to minimize the use of active HVAC systems, taking advantage of the available natural resources such as solar radiation, wind, thermal variability, daylight, clear skies and ground temperature. Fig. 4 presents different passive solutions, classified into three groups: heating, cooling and Thermal Energy Storage (TES). The most common TES system used in buildings is the Sensible Thermal Energy Storage (STES). Moreover, the Sensible Thermal Energy Storage capacity of the ground may be used by those spaces located underground. Additionally, Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES), using Phase Changes Materials (PCM) as the storage medium, is becoming an attractive option since they increase the Thermal Energy Storage capacity, adding very little weight and require little or no additional space [29]. MADRID CITY Participating houses in the SDE 2012 are the cases study in the present analysis. These houses were designed and pre-constructed in eleven countries, and during the final phase of the SDE they were all
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Fig. 4
assembled in Madrid. As in 2010, ‘Villa Solar’, the competition and exhibition site, was constructed in this city. Since the performance of the houses was monitored and evaluated in the city of Madrid, its climate, the Building Code requirements and appropriate passive design strategies are described in this section. Madrid: Climate And Building Code Requirements The city of Madrid is located 667m above sea level. It has a Continental Mediterranean climate, characterized by cold winters and hot summers. Due to its altitude and dry climate, diurnal temperature variation is high, especially in summertime. Clear skies and high solar radiation are common almost throughout the year. The average consumption of a house located in the Continental climate zone is higher than the National average, as a result of the significant thermal contrast between the severe summer and winter months [30]. The Spanish Building Code (CTE) includes some prescriptive requirements regarding the optical and thermophysical characteristics of the building envelope. For Madrid’s climate zone, the U values in W/m² K must be lower than 0.66 for the walls, 0.49 for the floor and 0.38 for the roof. The fenestration requirements are similar. Thermal transmittance depends on the orientation and the percentage of the glazed area. When the percentage of glazing is equal to or lower than 30, its thermal transmittance must be equal to or lower than 3.5 W/m² K. This limit is reduced to 3.0 W/m² K when the percentage of glazing is between 51 and 60. The Solar Factor (g-value) for south facing glazing, in buildings with low internal loads, is 0.61 and is only required when the glass to wall ratio is between 51% and 60% [31]. Madrid: Appropriate Passive Design Strategies Passive design strategies are closely connected to the local climate. The city of Madrid has cold and warm seasons; therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate strategies for these two completely different climatic conditions. Its high solar radiation must be used during heating periods and avoided during cooling ones. For cooling periods, the evaporative and night sky radiant cooling systems may also be appropriate because of Madrid’s dry air and clear skies, and one of the strategies which may be used both during heating and cooling periods is the Thermal Energy Storage system. The high daily thermal swing enables the use of thermal mass to balance out the interior temperature and reduce the need for mechanical air conditioning. A study of the design strategies for the Madrid climate was carried out on Climate Consultant 5.0 [32], applying the comfort model defined in the 2005 ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals [33]. Fig. 5 shows the hourly values of relative humidity and outside air temperature in Madrid plotted over a psychometric chart. This figure helps to identify the most appropriate strategies for Madrid’s climate. In Table 1, the number of hours that can potentially be added to the comfort area in each period is shown: first analyzing each strategy separately and then combining two or more of them. However, these hours represent a rough estimate. The final results will depend on the building design, and on how the solutions are implemented. During the heating periods, there is a significant potential for increasing the comfort through internal loads. These thermal loads are linked to the function of the spaces: occupancy, equipment,
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Table 1
lighting system, etc. Proper design of the building envelope and the use of thermal mass can help to reduce heat loss and extend the benefits of the internal load for gathered heat [29]. On the other hand, for cooling periods, the sun shades, as shown in Fig. 5, are essential for the prevention of overheating. Table 1 also shows that during the cooling periods the most favorable solution consists of adding humidity to the air, followed by the use of thermal mass with night ventilation. SDE 2012 HOUSES: PASSIVE STRATEGIES The passive strategies used by the eighteen SDE 2012 participating houses (H1 to H18) were analyzed following the scheme described in Section 2: envelope, orientation, geometrical characteristics, other passive strategies, and hybrid solutions. The information on the houses was extracted from the project drawings, manuals, simulation input reports and other documents submitted by the participating teams to the SDE Organization, as well as from the jury evaluation reports. SDE 2012 Houses: envelopes A high insulation level, high performance glazing and air-tight constructions are commons to the SDE 2012 participating houses. As shown in Fig. 6, the thermal transmittance of the house envelopes were in general far below those required in the Spanish Building Code (CTE) for Madrid City [31]. Maximum wall thermal transmittance permitted is 0.66 W/m² K; in thirteen houses this value was lower than 0.20 W/m² K, and in four houses this value even lower than 0.10 W/m² K. The fenestrations used also far exceeded the code requirements. The code establishes that windows U-value must be lower than 3.5 or 3.0 W/m² K depending on the window-to-wall ratio. Ten houses had windows U-value equal to or lower than 1.0 W/m² K. SDE 2012 Houses: geometric characteristics and ratios The houses that received the highest scores in the interior temperature sub-contest, during the Passive Monitoring Period were selected for the analysis of the geometric parameters. Table 2 shows the ratios and average values of these houses. H16, H01 and H13 have the lowest thermal exchange surface per conditioned volume, having the lower aspect and compactness ratios. H16 and H01 received the highest scores in the passive period. The use of direct solar yield during the heating periods was also a common strategy for all these houses. H7 had the highest values of transparent surfaces ratios. However, H11 and H01 had the highest South Glazing to South Wall ratios. In terms of solar yield this is far more beneficial in the northern hemisphere. An average of 41% of the glazed surfaces of these houses were located on the south facade. All the houses have high South Glazing to Wall ratio, except H15 and H13. High performance glazing reduces both heat loss in the heating periods and gathered heat in the cooling ones. Glazed areas are protected with overhangs and fixed or mobile elements to minimizing overheating in warm temperatures.
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Fig. 5. Thermal properties of the houses’ envelope compared with the Spain Building Code (CTE) requirements. Notes:
1. South oriented fenestration, if the glass-to-wall ratio is lower than the 30%, 3.5 W/m2K is the maximum permitted U value. For ratios between 51% and 60%, 3.0 W/m2K is the maximum permitted U value [29]. 2. For South oriented fenestration, the Solar Factor maximum value (0.6) is only required when the glassto-wall ratio is between the 51% and 60% [29].
Sde 2012 Houses: Other Passive Strategies And Hybrid Solutions Other passive strategies and hybrid solutions used in the SDE 2012 houses are summarized in Table 3. In this table, these strategies and solutions are classified as envelope, passive heating, passive cooling, interior space planning, the exterior design, thermal energy storage systems and hybrid solutions. Fig. 7 shows the percentages of the houses which applied some of these strategies. From Table 3 it can be seen that the envelope was a key passive design element of the houses. As explained in Section 4.1, they all have a thermal transmittance lower than that required in the Building Code. In addition, 83% of them had an exterior insulation layer (Fig. 7a) which is an effective way to minimize the thermal bridges. And, as shown in Fig. 7b, 39% of the houses had ventilated facades. As pointed out in Section 3.3, evaporative cooling is a key strategy for the cooling periods in Madrid. 67% of the houses used evaporative cooling systems. Also for the cooling periods, 17% of the houses took advance of the typical clear sky of Madrid, and included night sky radiant cooling systems. The low temperature radiant surfaces provide an efficient way to heat or cool buildings, especially if they have natural thermal sources as in the SDE2012 houses. 60% of the houses used radiant systems. These systems were installed on the floor, on the ceiling, or in both places. In terms of interior space planning, thirteen houses placed the living spaces in the south, taking advantage of the direct solar yield and the daylight. However, the use of a foyer or vestibule, which is an effective strategy in preventing thermal loss through the entrance door, was only seen in three houses (H5, H14 and H16). Also, only six teams clarified in their documentation that they had purposely placed the service spaces in unfavorable positions so as to use them as thermal buffers. The SDE 2012 houses included a commercial or custom made heat recovery system to reduce the heating and cooling loads for ventilation. In their functioning, thermal energy is exchanged through moving currents, typically air, which is entering and leaving the house. The entrance air is pre-heated and pre-cooled without the use of energy from heating or cooling equipment [34]. Another key strategy is the Thermal Energy Storage (TES), used both for cooling and heating periods. 87% of the houses used one or more TES system, some being Sensible TES systems (based on heavy materials such as concrete, stone or sand), and others Latent TES systems (based on the thermal storage capacity of the Phase Change Materials (PCM)). From the earliest competitions, many houses participating in the Solar Decathlon have used Latent TES systems [35]. In the 2012 competition, the PCM were used in both passive and active applications. Sde 2012 Houses: High Efficiency Active Solutions In addition to the application of passive and hybrid solutions, the SDE 2012 houses were equipped with high efficiency HVAC systems, lighting, appliances and Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS).
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Table 2
As explained in Section 2, most of the energy consumption in houses in Spain is through the HVAC systems (mainly because of heating), followed by the use of appliances, the DHW and the kitchen. Table 4 shows some solutions of the HVAC and DHW, used in the participating houses. Fig. 8 present an analysis of the different heat pumps used. The interior comfort of H13 and H18 relied entirely on passive and hybrid systems. These were the only two houses that did not use any active HVAC system. In most of the houses, the domestic hot water, as well as the hot water to feed the low temperature radiant heating surfaces, was supplied by solar systems whether by solar thermal panels or hybrid photovoltaic systems as shown in Fig. 9. Many houses, up to a 72%, also used their heat pump to produce hot water. However, only two of them use the heat pump as the only hot water source (Fig. 9d). The teams took care to select high efficiency appliances and kitchen equipment. All the houses used low consumption lighting systems; most of them based on LED lights. Finally, another important aspect of the SDE 2012 houses was the Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS). These systems played a decisive role in many of the houses, providing an efficient energy management. With some of then also is possible to know the house energy production and consumption in real-time, obtain advice on the operation of active systems as well as information aimed at improving the energy consumption habits of the occupant. SDE 2012 HOUSES: THERMAL AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE Net zero energy is a measure of a building’s energy performance [34]. A Zero Energy Building (ZEB) produces at least as much renewable energy as it uses over a balance period. Periods of one year are commonly used. As explained above, Net ZEB is a very high energy performance, grid-connected building. These buildings may use non-renewable energy but over the course of the balance period, they produce enough renewable energy to offset, or exceed, the use of non-renewable energy. Long term monitoring is the best way to get accurate information regarding the performance of the buildings. In the design phase, a detailed energy simulation can help to determine the buildings’ energy performance. An analysis of the performance of the SDE 2012 houses was done using the ‘Villa Solar’ short term monitoring and the houses’ own energy simulations. The analysis was carried out in two parts: the first one concerned the performance of the houses during the Passive Monitoring Period and the second one focused on the overall energy performance of the houses. The energy performance of the houses was analyzed in terms of production and consumption, taking into account both the performance in the ‘Villa Solar’ and the estimated values obtained from energy simulations of the houses. The energy and thermal performance of the houses in the ‘Villa Solar’ was directly influenced by the weather conditions during the days of the competition. Fig. 10 shows the climatic conditions of the monitored period. During the first six days, the temperatures varied from 15° to 30°C. However, on the seventh day the weather changed. The Passive Monitoring Period occurred between September 24th and the morning of the 26th.
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Table 3
Table 4
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Fig. 6 Fig. 6. Analysis of passive and hybrid strategies used by the SDE 2012 houses
As shown in Fig 10, during that time there were cloudy skies, temperatures barely exceeded 20°C (in the middle of the day), and at night fell to 10°C. On September 25th, the temperatures and the direct solar radiation were significantly reduced. In addition, the humidity in the early hours of the 26th registered the highest values of the Passive Monitoring Period. SDE 2012 houses: thermal performance The thermal performance of the house was evaluated during the Passive Monitoring Period. Since the temperatures at that time remained mostly below the comfort zone; the strategies for the heating periods were most appropriate. The key strategies are related to the appropriate optical and thermophysical characteristics of the houses’ envelope, an airtight construction, the direct and indirect solar yield and the use Thermal Energy Storage. The thermal performance of most of the houses during the Passive Monitoring Period was remarkable. As the SDE houses needed to be assembled and made fully functional in only a few days, all of the houses had some degree of mechanization, either in 2D pieces or 3D modules. Some buildings constructed with similar systems could have had problems with air-tightness or thermal bridges, affecting the interior thermal conditions. However, the result of this sub-contest suggests that in general these potential problems were overcome. Ten houses secured more than 90% of the points available for that period in the sub-contest of Interior Temperature as shown in Fig. 11. Only three houses obtained less than 80% of the score of thermal comfort during this period. The five houses that obtained the highest scores during the Passive Monitoring Period maintained the interior temperature all the time between 21° and 26° C, using only passive strategies and systems. The H16 had the best score; it kept the living room temperature between 23.1° and 25.4°C, and the bedroom temperature between 23.5° and 24.8°C. While, as shown in Table 3, the houses had many passive strategies, only some of them were really useful under the weather conditions experienced during the Monitoring Passive Period. The U values of the houses’ envelope were compared with the thermal comfort results of the houses to determinate the effect of the envelope in the performance of the house. Table 5 shows the envelope U values of the eight houses that achieved the highest scores on the thermal comfort sub-contest. Six of these eight houses were also among the eight houses with the lower thermal transmittance of walls and floors. Similarly, five of them were among the eight with lower thermal transmittance ceilings. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a low U-value of the envelope significantly contributes to the attainment of thermal comfort in the house. Consequently, H16 had the envelope with the lowest thermal transmittance and achieved the higher score in the thermal comfort sub-contest as indicated in Table 5. Moreover, even though H18 was not among the houses with the lower envelope U values, its double envelope strategy, inspired by a greenhouse, helped it to maintain an adequate comfort level during the Passive Monitoring period. With regard to systems for storing gathered heat, the eight houses in Table 5 had Sensible or Latent Thermal Energy Storage systems. Furthermore, as shown in Table 4, it was found that four of them (H01, H11, H14,
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Fig. 7
Fig. 7. SDE 2012 houses: heat pump types Fig. 8. SDE 2012 houses: hot water solutions
and H13) used both systems. Another strategy that helped to reduce heat loss in H16 was the inclusion of a foyer or vestibule at its entrance. Therefore, houses without a vestibule registered interior temperature fluctuations when their doors were opened. The documentation of the houses showed that they had a high level of air-tightness. However, the Energy Efficiency Jury noted that without a vestibule or sliding door solutions, some houses barely reached the level of airtightness expected. Energy performance of the SDE 2012 houses: during the competition In order to verify if studied houses behaved as Plus Energy Buildings during the competition, it was necessary to analyze the balance between energy production and consumption. SDE houses are all-electric buildings, electricity is the only energy supplied and demanded. This simplifies the energy balance equation since no weighting factors are needed. SDE 2012 houses: energy performance during the competition. During the competition, Comfort Conditions and House Functionality were the contests which required energy consumption. For that reason, only the houses that obtained more than 70% of the points in these two contests were included for the energy performance analysis. The analysis includes fifteen of the eighteen participating houses. The Comfort Conditions contest consisted of several sub-contests. However, for the energy performance analysis only those requiring energy consumption were evaluated: interior temperatures, relative humidity, air quality and lighting level. Even though the comfort conditions were measured continuously, the scoring period stopped during public visits and started again one hour after these periods finished. The energy consumption and production of the houses were continuously monitored in a similar manner. The consumption values in the analysis include the HVAC, DHW & lighting demands, as well as the appliances and other plug-in loads. The energy consumption of the houses during the twelve days of the competition was greater than their normal consumption, since the competition required an intensive use of hot water and appliances (such as ovens, washing machines and dishwashers). Even so, the fifteen houses analyzed had a positive balance during the competition period as shown in Fig. 12. The average consumption of the houses at the ‘Villa Solar’ was 146 Wh, and the highest consumption was 198 Wh. In terms of energy production, the average electrical energy production was 208 Wh, and the highest production was 421 Wh. SDE 2012 houses: estimate annual energy performance. The Passive Monitoring Period provided data which helped understand the passive performance of the houses and the contribution of some passive and hybrid solutions. Similarly, the twelve days of the competition provided a general idea of the efficiency of the participating houses. However, these monitored periods were not enough to determine the effect of passive strategies throughout the year or the annual energy performance of the houses. However, detailed energy simulations can help predict the energy performance of the house, and the annual energy production and consumption. For the annual energy balance, the results of the energy simulations carried out by the
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Fig. 9
Fig. 9. Climate conditions during the competition days. Passive Monitored Period highlighted with shaded area Fig. 10. SDE 2012 houses: thermal performance during the Passive Monitoring Period. Bar represents the points earned in the Interior Temperature sub-contest.
participating teams were used. Houses, in the continental climate zone, have the highest energy consumption in Spain [30]. The average annual consumption of a detached house in this zone is 19,774 kWh. The average energy consumption is distributed as follows: heating 69.5%, appliances 12.6%, DHW 9.5%, kitchen 5.8 %, lighting 2.1% and air conditioning 0.5 %. The SDE 2012 houses are smaller than the average detached house in Madrid, but their estimated consumption is significantly lower. The average estimated consumption of the fifteen houses analysed was 5,328 kWh, the highest estimated consumption being 7,587 kWh. In terms of energy production, the photovoltaic production exceeds the consumption in all the cases studied. The average estimated electrical energy production is 13,396 kWh, the highest estimated production being 21,157 kWh. If the final energy balance of these houses is similar to the estimated one, all of them would qualify to be Plus Energy Buildings, see Fig. 13. Indeed, since they are grid-connected houses, they can be classified as Net Plus Energy Buildings [6,7]. CONCLUSIONS The building sector is primarily responsible for a major part of total energy consumption. The European Energy Performance of Buildings Directives (EPBD) emphasized the need to reduce the energy consumption in buildings, and put forward the rationale for developing Near to Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB). The EPBD Recast stated that the Near to ZEB must be, first and foremost, very low-energy buildings. The use of passive design strategies and high efficiency active solutions is crucial for reducing energy consumption and achieving very low-energy buildings. Solar Decathlon Europe rules are aligned with European Directives. Consequently, they encourage the reduction of energy consumption, the increase of building energy efficiency, and the use of renewable energies, preferably produced on-site. Moreover, the SDE has been successful in disseminating the importance of passive design strategies, not just to university students but also to professionals and the general public. In the present study, the passive strategies were classified and analyzed into five groups: envelope, orientation, geometrical aspects, passive solutions and hybrid solutions. The effect of these strategies and the use of energy efficient active systems were analyzed using houses exhibited in the SDE 2012 competition as cases studies. The appropriate passive strategies for the climate of Madrid were identified. The passive design strategies used by the houses were compared to the recommended solutions for Madrid. Additionally, the thermal and energy performances of SDE houses were also evaluated, verifying if they could be classified as ZEB. All the participating houses included passive design strategies and energy efficient systems. Many of them achieved an excellent balance between envelope, orientation, geometrical aspects and other passive strategies. The results of the Passive Monitoring Period show that the use of passive design strategies
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Fig. 10
Table 5
helped to maintain the interior comfort of the houses while consuming zero or very low energy. Fifteen SDE 2012 houses were analyzed to see if they could be classified as ZEB. It was discovered that all of them had maintained a positive energy balance in both the annual energy simulations and during the monitored period at the ‘Villa Solar’. If the final energy balance of the houses is similar to the estimated one, they will not only be ZEB, but Net Plus Energy Buildings too. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank his colleagues in the SDE Competition Area: Claudio Montero, María Porteros Mañueco, María Barcia, Mónica Almagro, Álvaro Gutiérrez, Iñaki Navarro, Manuel Castillo-Cagigal and Eduardo Matallanas. Their help and valuable comments were fundamental in the writing of this chapter. REFERENCES [1] European Commission, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2002/91/EC (EPBD), European Parliament (2002) [2] European Commission, Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (recast) 2010/31/EU (EPBD), European Parliament (2010) [3] A.J. Marszal, P. Heiselberg, J.S. Bourrelle, E. Musall, K. Voss, I. Sartori, A. Napolitano. Zero energy building - a review of definitions and calculation methodologies. Energy and Buildings, 43 (4) (2011), pp. 971–979 [4] P. Torcellini, S. Pless, M. Deru, D. Crawley. Zero Energy Buildings: A Critical Look at the Definition. ACEEE Summer Stud, Pacific Grove, California, USA (2006) [5] I. Sartori, A. Napolitano, A.J. Marszal, S. Pless, P. Torcellini, K. Voss. Criteria for Definition of Net Zero Energy Buildings. EuroSun Conference, Graz, Austria (2010) [6] K. Voss, I. Sartori. Nearly-zero, Net zero and Plus Energy Buildings – How definitions & regulations affect the solutions. REHVA European HVAC Journal 6 (2012) 85-89 [7] K. Voss, E. Musall, M. Lichtmeß. From low energy to net zero energy buildings –status and perspectives. Journal of Green Building, 6/1 (2011) 46–57 [8] International Energy Agency (IEA). Oil Crises and Climate Challenges: 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA Countries. Paris, 2004. [9] C. Warner, S. Farrar-Nagy, M. Wassmer, B. Stafford, R. King, S. Vega, E. Rodriguez-Ubinas, J. Cronemberger, J. Serra. The 2009 Department of Energy Solar Decathlon and the 2010 European Solar Decathlon: expanding the global reach of zero energy homes through collegiate competitions. 34th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, Philadelphia, USA (2009) [10] Solar Decathlon Europe Organization. Solar Decathlon Europe 2010: Rules and Regulations. Madrid (2010) [11] Solar Decathlon Europe Organization. Rules of the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. Madrid (2012) [12] I. Navarro, A. Gutierrez, C. Montero, E. Rodriguez-Ubinas, E. Matallanas, M. Castillo-Cagigal, M. Porteros, J. Solorzano, E. Caamaño-Martin, M. A. Egido, J. M. Paez, S. Vega, Solar Decathlon Europe 2012: A multidisciplinar educational competition, Tech. rep., Robolabo, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (2013). [13] A. Gutierrez, M. Castillo-Cagigal, E. Matallanas, I. Navarro, Monitoring of a solar smart house village, Tech. Rep. TR/ ROBOLABO/2013-003, Robolabo, ETSI Telecomunicacion, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (2013) [14] K. Voss, S. Herkel, J. Pfafferott, G. Lohnert, A. Wagner. Energy efficient office buildings with passive cooling - results and
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Fig. 11
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Fig. 11. SDE 2012 houses: interior temperature during the Passive Monitoring Period. Non scoring times due public visits are represented by the shaded areas. Fig. 12. SDE 2012 houses: energy balance during the Competition. Dots represent the energy balance of the 15 analyzed houses during the 12 monitored days. Graphic Model from University of Wuppertal, BTGA [6,7] Fig. 13. SDE 2012 houses: annual estimated energy balance. Dots represent the annual estimated energy balance of the fifteen analyzed houses. Data provided by the participating teams. Graphic Model from University of Wuppertal, BTGA [6,7]
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
experiences from a research and demonstration programme. Solar Energy, 81 (3) (2007) [15] G. Todesco. Super-efficient buildings: how low can you go? ASHRAE Journal, 38 (12) (1996) 35–40 [16] G. Koc¸ l. Oral, Z. Yilmaz. Building form for cold climatic zones related to building envelope from heating energy conservation point of view. Energy and Buildings 35 (2003) 383–388 [17] U.T. Aksoya, M, Inalli. Impacts of some building passive design parameters on heating demand for a cold region. Building and Environment 41 (2006) 1742–1754 [18] U. Eicker. Cooling strategies, summer comfort and energy performance of a rehabilitated passive standard office building. Applied Energy 87 (2010) 2031–2039 [19] D. Chiras. The Solar House: Passive Heating and Cooling. Chelsea Green Publishing.Vermont, 2002. [20] CEN EN 15217. Energy performance of buildings - methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels (2007) [21] B. Su. Building passive design and housing energy efficiency. Architectural Science Review 51(3) (2008) 277–286. [22] B. Su. The impact of passive design factors on house energy efficiency, Architectural Science Review, 54 (4) (2011) 270-276 [23] H.E. Mechri, A. Capozzoli, V. Corrado. Use of the ANOVA approach for sensitive building energy design. Applied Energy, 87 (2010) 3073-3083. [24] A. Gasparella, G. Pernigotto, F. Cappelletti, P. Romagnoni, P. Baggio. Analysis and modelling of window and glazing systems energy performance for a well insulated residential building. Energy and Buildings, 43(4) (2011) 1030-1037. [25] I. Susorova, M. Tabibzadeh, A. Rahman, H.L. Clack, M. Elnimeiri. The effect of geometry factors on fenestration energy performance and energy savings in office buildings. Energy and Buildings 57 (2013) 6–13. [26] U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Low-Energy Building Design Guidelines. DOE/EE-0249, Washington, D.C. Last accessed in May, 2013 and available at: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/25807.pdf [27] S. Attia, M. Hamdy, W. O’Brien, S. Carlucci. Assessing gaps and needs for integrating building performance optimization tools in net zero energy buildings design. Energy and Buildings 60 (2013) 110–124 [28] A. Brownlee, J. Wright. Solution analysis in multi-objective optimization. Proc. Building Simulation and Optimisation (BSO12), IBPSA-England, Loughborogh University, UK (2012) [29] E. Rodriguez-Ubinas, B. Arranz Arranz, S. Vega Sánchez, F.J. Neila González. Influence ofthe use of PCM drywall and the fenestration in building retrofitting. Energy and Buildings 65 (2013) 464–476 [30] IDAE. Análisis del Consumo energético del sector residencial en España: Informe Final. Proyecto SECH-SPAHOUSEC. Instituto para la Diversificación y el Ahorro de la Energía. Madrid, 2011. [31] Ministerio de vivienda-Gobierno de España: Código Técnico de la Edificación: Parte 1, 2007, http://www.codigotecnico.org [32] M. Milne, R. Liggett, A. Benson, Y. Bhattacharya, Additions to a Design Tool for Visualizing the Energy Implications of California’s Climates. Development and Technology, University of California Energy Institute, Berkeley, 2009. [33] ASHRAE. Handbook of Fundamentals. American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc. Atlanta, 2005 [34] Hootman, T. Net Zero Energy Design: A Guide for Commercial Architecture. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New Jersey, 2012. [35] E. Rodriguez-Ubinas, L. Ruiz-Valero, S. Vega, J. Neila. Applications of Phase Change Material in highly energy-efficient houses. Energy and Buildings 50 (2012) 49–62
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Smart Grid at the Solar Decathlon 2012
J. M. Solans (Schneider Electric Spain) R. Muñoz (Schneider Electric Spain)
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SMART GRID AT THE SOLAR DECATHLON 2012 J. M. Solans (Schneider Electric España), R. Muñoz (Schneider Electric España)
INTRODUCTION The Solar Decathlon is a university competition originally organised by the US Department of Energy focussing on the design and construction of self-sufficient houses in their energy requirements and powered exclusively by solar energy. Nineteen university teams take part in the competition with their designs of solar-powered homes self-sufficient in their energy needs. The various houses proposed are assembled at the Solar Village located in Casa de Campo, Madrid, and connected to a low-voltage grid managed by Schneider Electric. Schneider Electric, the main sponsor of the event, has provided its experience in energy management and efficiency solutions to design the low-voltage Smart Grid for the Solar Decathlon 2012 competition, managing all energy flow in the Solar Village during the competition in Madrid. This smart grid provides power for other loads as well as the competing houses: charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, organization facilities, 60 Hz house connection equipment, energy accumulation system, solar pergola, etc. All of the energy flow through the Smart Grid is monitored and supervised using a SCADA system, which is the smart part of the grid. Furthermore, the company has sponsored and worked with some of the competing houses, helping them become energy efficient and self-sufficient. DESIGN OF A SMART GRID The design and operation of a traditional electricity distribution grid is based on the principle that energy generation is centralised and should be adapted dynamically according to variations in demand. Hence, energy flows have just one pre-defined direction -running upstream to downstream, balances between production and consumption are carried out by the utilities, and customers are passive users. However, the philosophy of a traditional grid was not valid for the specific characteristics of the Solar Decathlon. With regard to energy, the nineteen competing universities were asked to design strategies for solar energy management to meet the power requirements of each house as efficiently as possible, keeping a minimal degree of habitability (use of facilities, stove, washing machine, bathroom, daytime and night time activities) and comfort (temperature, humidity and air quality) which also carries points. Normally, these strategies are based on using photovoltaic –and sometimes thermal- solar collectors; electric and thermal energy storage for use during non-daylight hours; and the use of high-quality thermal insulation, ventilated air cavities in walls and roofs (double envelope), passive solar house design, green walls and roofs, etc. Strategies are also based on integrating the monitoring and management of the houses’ parameters into domotics systems oriented towards energy efficiency; and the inclusion of highly energy-efficient lighting
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systems and electrical appliances. This way, it will be possible to power a house using the external electricity grid when the house’s energy requirements are greater than the available solar supply and internal energy storage. These strategies lead to the use of larger photovoltaic collectors than the average requirements of the houses; and this in turn explains that, during most daylight hours, there is an excess of electrical energy which must be released. Given that the Solar Village includes not only the competing houses which generate and consume energy but also other facilities which are net consumers of electricity (organisation offices, electrical vehicle infrastructure, data processing centre, snack-bar and vending areas, street lighting, etc.) and net generators of energy such as solar pergolas, it is not suitable for the grid powering the complex to be a traditional passive network. The goal was to design a low-voltage network connected to the Gas Natural FENOSA public distribution network, allowing the integration of bidirectional energy flows from the decentralised generation (competing houses, solar pergola, energy storage equipment) and using a system for energy flow supervision and monitoring in order to perform smart management. The requirements of the Solar Village grid can be summarised as follows: • Connection to the Gas Natural FENOSA public distribution network via an MV/LV substation supplied by Schneider Electric. Connection to the distribution network gives stability to the system, as power island operation are not foreseen. • To power of the 19 houses taking part in the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 competition. • To allow the energy generated by the houses to be managed for use (self-consumption) . • To collect any AC surplus generated by the competing houses and by the photovoltaic pergolas of the organisation and delivering it to the grid. • To integrate power generation from a micro wind turbine. • To power the remaining facilities of the Solar Village (organisation, services, vending, etc.
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Fig.1 Vijeo Citect SCADA display with a general layout of the Solar Village Smart Grid and demand curve.
• To power and manage the electric vehicle-charging infrastructure. • To integrate an energy storage system that uses batteries to reduce demand peaks, and which is charged with the energy surplus generated during daylight hours. • And, furthermore, to couple the 60 Hz Brazilian house over the 50 Hz grid keeping the energy flows bidirectional... The 630 kVA transformer substation is equipped with bidirectional energy meters to record energy flows in both directions in a similar manner to an industrial facility using cogeneration. In short, the Solar Village electricity grid is designed as a Smart Grid, with distributed generation and radial architecture. All protection devices have been executed with circuit breakers and current coordination. The main principles in the design of the grid are as follows: • The houses can be consumers or producers, with a maximum power of 15 kW in each direction. • The houses can manage the energy generated internally and store it in batteries for later use; with a maximum power of 5 kVA according to the limits of the competition. • There are net generating elements (solar pergola, wind turbine, etc.) which must deliver their energy to the Solar Village grid for use. • Energy storage equipment is provided to collect some of the excess energy generated during the hours of maximum sunlight and deliver it to the grid during peak demand hours, reducing the value of demand from the public distribution network. • Auxiliary installations and services (organisation facilities, contest monitoring, vending areas, street lighting, etc.) are net consumers which can be powered by the energy surplus generated by the houses, or by the utility, or both. • The energy flows in the smart grid are not pre-defined: they may be downstream in the case of net consumption, horizontal between generators and consumption, or upstream to the public distribution network in the case of net generation of the whole Solar Village.
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Fig.2 Vijeo Citect SCADA display with the single-line diagram of the Solar Village Smart Grid.
• The low-voltage smart grid is connected to the medium-voltage public distribution network to provide support energy, define the voltage and frequency references for photovoltaic generation and collect any overall excess energy generated from the entire Solar Village. • The electrical parameters of the main nodes of the grid and from the competing houses (voltages, currents, powers and accumulated energies) are recorded, so it is possible to know the status of the grid and make decisions regarding its management. • The technical parameters for each competing house (room temperature, humidity, air quality, lighting, appliance temperatures, etc.) are collected by a Schneider Electric Twido PLC equipped with ambient sensors and temperature probes. This system is managed independently from the smart grid. SCADA Supervisory System For the low-voltage grid to be smart, Schneider Electric has integrated all the grid information into a Vijeo Citect (Schneider Electric) SCADA system for the display, monitoring and supervision of all energy flows and grid statuses. The Vijeo Citect SCADA integration allows the network to become a Smart Grid. A local communications infrastructure (VLAN) and the installation of over 50 Schneider Electric ION 6200 power meters at different points of the installation process were required to integrate all the information into the SCADA system. These meters are grouped on each board through an EGX100 gateway via ModBus and are connected to the communications network via Ethernet. In addition to the information on energy flows and electrical parameters, the SCADA provides information (lower right of the display shown in Figure 1) on: • Renewable generation forecast (wind speed, temperature and global horizontal irradiation) through a service from the Schneider Electric company Telvent. • Reduction of CO2 emissions in kg and the equivalent in trees planted. Grid Supervision The overall status of the grid can be analysed using the SCADA supervisory system: either as a whole or separately, analysing the different services it includes (grid, MV/LV substation, competing houses, wind
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Fig.3 Vijeo Citect SCADA display with net energy consumption of a competing house.
turbine, energy storage and other Solar Village services). The real-time status of power consumed or generated can be viewed for each service, together with the energy aggregate. In addition to the status, the demand curve for the past 24 hours and the reduction of emissions from the generated energy delivered to the grid (curves shown in Figure 1) can be viewed for each competing house. A Schneider Electric Flair 200C remote monitoring unit has been installed in the MV/LV substation for the SCADA supervision of the status of the switchgear, the power flow and the statuses of the technical alarms of the substation (phase or zero-sequence fault detection, transformer temperature, intrusion, etc.). There is also a technical parameter display screen where all the electrical parameters of each node equipped with a power meter can be viewed (Figure 2). Integration of the Distributed Generation Competing houses are “prosumers”, i.e. they sometimes behave as energy consumers and sometimes as energy producers. The energy produced by the houses is photovoltaic and they can also store energy (up to 5kVA), allowing for more a efficient internal energy management. The contribution of energy by the houses to the smart grid can be monitored on the SCADA: • Behaviour as consumers (Figure 3) during grid-tie operations due to an internal energy deficit (photovoltaic generation and storage). • Behaviour as energy producers (Figure 4) when delivering energy to the grid due to excess generation. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure In the latest edition of the SDE2012, Schneider Electric introduced an electric vehicle infrastructure with five EVlink 22 kW three-phase vandal-proof posts in smart charging mode 3, each with a Scame charging socket (type 3). The 5 posts are managed by a Schneider Electric M340 PLC. Charging is accomplished through a radiofrequency card and the system records the post where the vehicle is being charged, the time of charging and the energy supplied to the vehicle. The SCADA, which has access to the charging infrastructure, displays the status of the charging post and the accumulated consumption for each vehicle.
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Fig.4 Vijeo Citect SCADA display with net energy production of a competing house.
60 Hz Connection of the Brazilian House An item which presented an additional challenge was the inclusion, by a Brazilian university, of a house whose electricity system had been designed for connection to the distribution network in that country: 220 V phase-neutral and 60 Hz frequency. The solution for the bidirectional connection between both frequencies required the use of Schneider Electric Xantrex WX inverter units which were also used in several houses for photovoltaic generation (Figure 5). Two groups of AC-DC inverters were used for the Brazilian house, running against a shared battery bank; one with three 230 V 50 Hz inverters star-connected to the three phases of the low-voltage distribution network; and the other with three 220V 60Hz inverters parallel-connected to the 60 Hz line. Each group was connected using a Xanbus, with one of the inverters acting as the master and the other two as slaves to balance the loads of each inverter. When the Brazilian house operates as a consumer, the 60 Hz inverters activate the grid powering the house, using the electro-chemical energy stored in the batteries. The 50 Hz inverters monitor the charge level in the batteries, and begin to charge them using energy from the 50 Hz grid when the level reaches a certain value. However, when the house is generating energy, the 60 Hz side inverters – which define the reference voltage and frequency used by the house’s photovoltaic equipment for generation – begin to charge the battery with energy injected by the inverters associated to the solar panels. The battery voltage begins to rise and, on reaching a certain level, the 50 Hz inverters start to inject energy to the distribution network. Hence, the Brazilian house has been able to compete with the other houses in the Solar Village under equal conditions. CONCLUSIONS The Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 competition has enabled Schneider Electric to ensure the integration of 19 houses producing photovoltaic energy together with other sources of distributed generation into a lowvoltage Smart Grid by means of a Vijeo Citect SCADA system. Low-voltage grids (micro-grids) with decentralised generation are becoming increasingly common in different countries and the only way of suitably managing them is by integrating management and supervision intelligence as in the Solar Decathlon 2012 Solar Village.
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Fig.5 Connection diagram of the Brazilian house.
Micro-grids connected to the distribution network are a viable solution for an optimised integration of renewable energies into the electric system, because micro-grids behave like a generation system which only delivers its excess energy and consumes only when there is a deficit of renewable energy inside. Providing generation and consumption in the micro-grid are balanced, there will be minimal impact on the distribution network. Smart grids optimise the generation and distribution of electricity (fewer transmission losses), increase supply reliability (in the event of a fault in the distribution network), facilitate energy efficiency (demand management) and reduce external energy dependence and CO2 emissions (renewable energies). Low-voltage smart grids can be a part of a smart grid operating at a higher layer (high voltage). In this case, the SCADA management system for the micro-grid is responsible for communications with the management system of the entire smart grid, which would manages energy flow between several micro-grids. Moreover, the electric vehicle is the solution to one of the most significant energy challenges of the future: the impact of transport on the environment. So-called smart grids will be the key to ensuring cleaner, more sustainable transport. REFERENCES FENERCOM (2011) . Guide to smart energy grids and communication. GONH Bob Gohn (2012). “Ten Smart Grid Trends to Watch in 2012 and Beyond”. Pike Research. SILOS Ángel, MITJA Albert. Smart Grid: The first step towards integration in the grid of the electric vehicle. Schneider Electric.
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Description of SDEurope 2012 Houses by the participating universities
École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture de Grenoble, France. Universidad de Sevilla + Jaén + Granada + Málaga, Spain. Università degli Studi di Roma TREE + Sapienza Università di Roma + Free University of Bozen + Fraunhofer Italy, Italy. University of Applied Sciences Konstanz, Germany. RWTH Aachen University, Germany. Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Hungary. Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Spain. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain. “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism + Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest + University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania. Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. Tongji University, China. Bordeaux University, France. Universidad del País Vasco (Euskel Herriko Unibertsitatea), Spain. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina + Universidade de Sâo Paulo, Brasil. Chiba University, Japan. Universidade do Porto, Portugal. École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture Paris-Malaquais + École des Ponts ParisTech +Università di Ferrara + Politecnico di Bari, France + Italy. Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
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Canopea École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture de Grenoble
1
Nº.1 / 908,7 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives
The Nanotower is a series of individual homes stacked up to form a small tower. This concept allows people to share scarce and expensive land while taking advantage of common spaces. Elevators, stairways, walkways, meeting places, elevated gardens, and vertical farms interconnect several Nanotowers grouped in a cluster.
Context – The French Context. The architectural concept developed by our team is rooted in general observation of the national situation combined with specific analysis of the local Rhônalpine environment and its complexity (natural resources, geography and urban economics, lifestyles of the inhabitants and their different cultures). The questions our team has attempted to answer are as follows: -How to design collective housing which provides a high level of comfort with a minimum of energy and natural resources? -What kind of architecture can help people live together in a dense urban environment, taking advantage of pooling services, culture and energy, while maintaining the spatial qualities of detached homes? Canopea - The Nanotower Concept. France´s natural territory is shrinking by 20 000 hectares per year due to urban sprawl. More than 77,5 % of the population is now living in urban areas. People prefer to live in individual homes set in the suburbs or small peripheral cities. This phenomenon has accelerated over the past twenty years and leads to a significant increase in traffic jams, noise pollution and carbon dioxide pollution, not to mention social stress. Meanwhile, in the heart of the cities, land shortage results in prices skyrocketing. Finding a place to live has become a problem for many people. It is expensive and puts a huge pressure on salaries… leading to a crisis in French industrial competitiveness. Given this worrying situation, Team Rhône- Alpes wants to address the issue of sustainable and affordable housing in a dense urban environment. The answer we have chosen to explore is the Nanotower.
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Nanotowers are also connected to the city; transit networks, services, and shops... On the top floor, a common space enables inhabitants to socialize around a playground for kids, a summer kitchen for barbecues, a sports event broadcast on TV or a common laundry.
sum of the individual optimum. The study shows that each building, each activity, each facility, each factory has its specific environmental and energy “signature” characteristics. The idea is to analyze each actors’ signature to identify its specific needs according to the moment and how it could contribute to the community by cooperating with its neighbors; energy-efficient architecture moves from the addition of efficient but isolated buildings to urban design reaching a global performance at territorial scale by pooling energy between buildings.
The team proposes to develop this architectural concept into an urban ecosystem, with “physiological connections” between buildings currently operating at district- scale, at cityscale tomorrow, and at territory-scale in the near future. Team Rhône-Alpes´ proposal is based on the assumption that linking different elements results in a better energetic optimum than the
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Architectural Design An Urban Ecosystem. Integrated into the urban ecosystem of the Grenoble Peninsula, all the elements that make up Canopea® project are inter-connected to merge functions and services in order to limit energy losses and optimize the sizing of all networks and equipment.
The “smart grid” is a “smart” distribution network that uses computer technology to maximize production and distribution, to improve the relationships between supply and demand, producers and consumers. Smart grids also increase the energy network security through the presence of decentralized and distributed generation sources.
Connections in the ecosystem are realized at several levels: smart grids, mobility, and social life can be managed by information systems, including and coordinating home automations systems, telecommunications and social networks through the Internet.
Canopea® Project deals with two main types of smart grid: • A heating and cooling grid that manages the thermal exchanges in the urban ecosystem thanks to a low temperature loop. • An electric smart grid that manages electrical
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energy of varied productions and consumptions. To complement the urban ecosystem, the City of Grenoble offers a mobility package based on adapted transport means rather than individual vehicles. People who need to move within a 5 km perimeter can easily access public transportation systems such as buses and tramways that cover the new district. Light electric vehicles (scooters, segways, i-real) and bicycles are also available for residents who want to travel to places located outside the range of public transport. For those who move in a larger perimeter - 15 km to 40 kmand need to transport goods, electric rental-cars to share are available in a nearby silo parking. The parking is built above ground level in order to avoid expensive underground structures (Grenoble soils are facing the presence of a high water table). The electricity produced by PV installations set on top of buildings is stored in vehicles’ batteries in order to provide autonomy and reduce consumption from the national network.
On the top floor of the tower, people can share services: washing machines, tumble dryers, summer kitchen, barbecue, gym and leisure area are accessible to all. Once again, using the tablet, you can book a time to do your laundry or register for cultural activities specific to the Nanotower’s community. The tablet also serves as a remote control for the inner comforts of the house, as you can open shutters or choose lighting atmospheres through it. Furthermore, it allows you to contact other members of the Nanotower and exchange information or personal services such as baby sitting, home service, house keeping or assistance to the elderly. The Nanotower is not just a building. It is a medium for a richer life in a dense cultural environment. Construction & Materials Canopea® Prototype - The Top Of The Nanotower. Team Rhône-Alpes project for Solar Decathlon 2012 displayed the top of a Nanotower and explains how it interacts with other buildings and city infrastructures. The project is called Canopea® because the upper floor of the Nanotower works like the rainforest’s canopy, which represents 80% of the tree foliage, collecting 95% of the solar energy and 30% of the rainwater. It represents an independent ecosystem above the ground with a enormously rich biodiversity. Canopea®
These different means of transportation are managed by an automation system using a tactile tablet as an interface in each housing unit. The tablet provides schedules for trains, tramways and buses, but also informs the citizen about availability of bicycles and electric vehicles in the nearest locations. You can also book and access car sharing from the silo parking. In addition, tablets provide cultural events information, such as movie times and upcoming shows in the neighborhood.
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also meets specific aspects of the cultural relationship between the French people and nature. A recent social survey has shown that Germans love the dark deep forest, while the English prefer controlled “wilderness”. As far as French people are concerned, it appears they like “belvederes”more than anything else. They particularly enjoy looking at landscape from an elevated point of view. And the Nanotower provides an approach to this dream.
same Core-Skin-Shell building composition as the Armadillo Box®, a former prototype designed by TRA for previous SDE 2010. CORE is a central block containing all technical and complex equipment and which can be produced industrially, in a factory, and in any country. This high tech-component will be installed as a single piece on the building site after being transported by truck. SKIN is the general high-performance envelope of the house which can be built on site by a semiskilled workforce. It contains the temperate areas. SHELL is the high-tech part of the project. It supports the photovoltaic system and the lateral blinds to filter sunlight and to regulate the impact of weather conditions.
• The first floor of the prototype includes a one/ two bedroom apartment, comprised of three load bearing boxes. Each box represents one function of the home: a technical core, a master bedroom and an evolving space which can be turned into a working studio or a second bedroom. The boxes are laid out so that they create a flexible central living space which can be extended outdoors.
This part can be prefabricated by some local companies.
• The second floor is the collective outdoor space of the Nanotower. It is protected by several passive systems with the ability to adapt to different seasons. PV solar panels generate electricity and PVT solar panels produce both electricity and hot water. PV cells encapsulated in silk-screened biglass panels provide natural light and an enjoyable shady space, giving the feeling of being under the forest canopy.
Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems Thermal Strategy: Working With Efficient Materials And Adaptive Façades. The goal of Canopea® is to install very low power active systems, and this makes passive design a very important aspect in the design. The needs have been reduced as much as possible, by designing the thinnest possible thermal envelope with a U value of 0.2 which allowed for minimal loss. This high-performance skin is made of cellulose wadding and vacuum insulation panels, placed in
Constructive Strategy: Following The Footsteps Of The Armadillo Box®. Canopea® uses the
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a steel and wooden structure, and combined with triple-glazed windows. In order to make the best of the surrounding environment, the envelope is very compact and includes openings to provide extensive views of the landscape at the same time as enhancing solar gains. Peripheral walkway overhangs, shutters and screens provide good sun protection. These devices are adaptable to weather conditions and give Canopea® a good reactivity to sudden climate changes.
overheating. In winter, operable glass louvers on sliding panels create a second protective skin in front of each bay window. A loggia enlarges the interior living space and provides additional acoustic protection as well as a winter garden and a greenhouse buffer space. Active Strategy: Heating, cooling, ventilation and domestic hot water are produced by a Nilan compact P machine equipped with a counter-flow exchanger and an air-air heat pump coupled with a sanitary hot water production unit.
Several buffer spaces also contribute to the passive strategy: the northern technical facade, the winter garden, the peripheral passageways and the common upper space protect the living area.
The air supply passes first through an air shifter and is then conditioned through an association of the counter-flow exchanger and the air-air heat pump, which heats the air in winter and cools it during the summer. Heating and cooling are ensured by radiative earth panels on the ceiling. Furthermore, ground walls add inertia to the housing allowing for a good control of temperature and humidity.
Passive Strategy: The housing unit includes an airtight envelope, built with thin, high-performance, insulating walls. The openings are protected with operable louvers and rolling shutters. This way, it ensures good protection while allowing natural ventilation at night, and a high level of control over natural light during the day. The outer house envelope of the Nanotower is equipped with textile solar screens which stop the incident solar radiation and protect the living spaces from
Solar Systems PV Installation: The roofing is made of photovoltaic and hybrid panels ensuring the waterproofing of
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the common floor.The 10 KWp installation is made up of custom-made PV bi-glass panels (84m²) and hybrid panels PV/T (16m²). The hydraulic system of the PV/T is coupled with the Compact P machine to produce and store hot water (ECS, heating) during the day as well as producing cold water during the night through radiative cooling. Storage enables the re-use of this water through the radiant walls (dephasing).
technicians from the IUT electrical engineering department (Université Joseph Fourier). This multidisciplinary approach combines a functional and aesthetic vision focusing on the human scale, comfort, form and the use of materials. The latter were especially taken into account following market and feasibility studies developed by students at Grenoble School of Management (GEM). The project focuses on space scalability needs of the future dwellers. Mobile furniture allows for the design of a guest room or an office studio according to personal needs or preferences. It can be initially pushed against the wall to clear the space completely, and in the long term, if the couple wishes to have a child, the mobile furniture can also create an extra bedroom.
Singular Systems Interior Design: Evolving Spaces. Each dwelling in the Nanotower provides a living space as well as a series architectural advantages to families. Four-way orientation, with external extensions and vegetated spaces, allow for an effective appropriation of the space as if were a real detached house. The house is designed for a couple, with pleasant interior living spaces which can unfold outdoors through a large convertible balcony loggia or winter garden. The kitchen opens onto the living space, which in turn offers a free plan in order to maximize peripheral vision on the landscape.
The top floor of the Nanotower is a common space which can accommodate many activities. Residents can do their laundry, organise barbecues in the summer kitchen, hold meetings, celebrate family events or give neighbourhood parties. Children can play safely during bad weather, and adults can sunbathe on sunny days…. A communal life to enrich urban life.
Interior design has been jointly developed by students of architecture and interior design (DPEA) at the schools of architecture of Grenoble and Lyon, in collaboration with engineers of Polytech’ Annecy-Chambéry (University of Savoie) and
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Technical Data of the House: Canopea Nº.1 / 908,7 points Contest 1: Architecture: 120,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 71,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 87,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 87,1 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 114,9 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 116,9 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 77,3 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 72,9 points. Contest 9: Innovation:75,0 points. Contest 10:Sustainability: 86,7 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 0,0 points.
Team Name Rhone Alpes
Model: Model NILAN JVP 6 Capacity Heating: 6,33 kW / Cooling 4,83 kW Efficiency: COP: 4,22 / EER 3,22
Project Dimensions Built Area (two floors): 195,9 m2 Surface area: 150,0 m2 Net floor area: 68,8 m2 Conditioned Volume: 202,5 m3
Terminal Unit 2: Type: capillaries in radiant panels Model: KARO System Energy production Equipment 3 (Experimental semi-passive system): Type: Thermal air phase-shifter Model: Developed by Genève University Capacity: Heating 0,60 kW / Cooling 1,20 kW Efficiency: COP 10 / EER 12,5
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,08 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,08 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,07 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,50 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,35-0,38
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: counter-flow air exchanger Model: Included in the NILAN Compact
Hvac Systems Energy production Equipment 1: Type: Compact Air/Air heat pump with counter-flow air exchanger Model: NILAN Compact P Capacity: Heating 1,796 W / Cooling 1,300 W Efficiency: COP 4,49 / EER 3,25
Hot Water System 1: Heat pump, Included in the NILAN Compact P Potency:1,2 kW (Estimated)
Terminal Unit 1: Type: Air transmission system Model: NILAN Nilair
System 2: PVT Collector Area: 12,9 m2 Electrical Energy Production Modules Type 1: BIPV by Tenesol (39 modules) Area 1: 84,26m2
Energy production Equipment 2: Type: Water/Water heat pump
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Modules Type 2: PVT panels by S2G+Auversun (8 hybrid modules) Area 2: 12,9 m2
Vacuum insulation. High performance triple glazed wooden folding windows (Menuiseries André). Earth plastered radiant walls and ceilings (CRAterre). Compact P machine + air distributing system (Nilan). Cascading HVAC and Plumbing system at Nanotower scale. Radio electric fixtures and sensors (Schneider Electric). Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors SunEezy inverters (Schneider Electric). Power capping capacity. 4,7 kW storage in lithium batteries and inverter-charger (Studer). Silk-screened bi-glass PV panels (Tenesol). Radiative cooling PVT panels (Auversun& Solar2G). Energy management system and control tablet (Vesta System). Energy savings features: zeolite in dishwasher, PCM emulsion in DHW tank, pre-heated water inlet for washing machine, clothes dryer with integrated heat pump, grey water heat recovery and night sky radiant cooling system.
Installed PV power:10,7 kWp Estimated energy production: Madrid 12733 kWh/ year, Grenoble 11377 kWh/year Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption:7023,0 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 86,7 kWh/year per m2 Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 6 % Cooling: 6 % Ventilation: 12 % Domestic Hot Water: 9 % Lighting:12 % Appliances and Devices: 55 % Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +5713 kWh/year List Of Singular And Innovative Materials And Systems Air Phase shifter (Institut Forel - University of Genève). Operable louvers rolling shutters (Bubbendorf)
Cost Construction Cost: 700.000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost:140.000 €
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Patio 2.12 Universidades de Sevilla + Jaén + Granada + Málaga
2
Nº.2 / 897,4 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives Patio 2.12 revives the qualities of the Mediterranean lifestyle by proposing a new contemporary interpretation of home spaces and traditional building technologies. As in Andalusian traditional houses, the “patio” is the centre and the heart of the home, many different functions and developing an inside/outside relationship which creates a gradient on the comfort conditions. Patio 2.12 is a new concept in self-sustaining modular houses, based on the ideas of “Kit of Spaces” and “Intermediate Scale of Prefabrication”. Domestic space is designed as the addition of prefabricated modules, each containing a series of compatible uses (kitchen-dining; living-study; bedroom-bathroom; technical-spare). Several “pavilions” are assembled around an intermediate space, the “patio”, which accommodates the extensions of the rooms surrounding it. The dweller can choose which room to place on the perimeter of the patio. Patio 2.12 is built by adding fully prefabricated modules, transported by road for their assembly on site, using the “patio” as a connecting element. Architectural Design Reinterpretation Of Mediterranean Spaces. The traditional “Mediterranean Patio” continues to be the ideal architectural space for the house to connect with the climate and environment. Patio 2.12 proposes a reinvention of the courtyard, the concept of spatial organization around it, a multipurpose space which extends the house. The living modules that make up the residential prototype relate to one another through an intermediate space which recreates the Mediterranean courtyard under a “technological vine”.
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Kit Of Prefabricated Modules The domestic space we propose is innovative, no longer a sum of conventional spaces (living room, plus kitchen, plus bathroom, etc.) but a set of compatible uses larger than a room. We propose a house as a sum of small lofts, which can increase in number whenever necessary, change position or even alter their use according to the shifting requirements of family over time.
Spatial Organization The prototype is not arranged by a division of the space to create rooms, but rather by the addition of 4 autonomous living modules connected through a flexible and alterable space -the courtyard-, a spatial concept drawn from Mediterranean tradition. The courtyard is the “core” of the house, a linking space which can accommodate different combined uses with many potential scenarios. The patio is the place that brings life to the house.
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Prefabricated Technological Isles. Kitchen and Bath, Specialized Submodules Within The Living Module. We formulate an experimental concept involving the relationship between habitable modules and patio, and a second order involving furniture, capsule spaces (kitchen and bathroom) and living modules. This proposal is developed from the aggregation and arrangement of different industrial elements that make up the house. The result of the aggregation of capsule-pieces and technological isles is a manufactured and transformable house. These technological areas have been disconnected from the walls and their elements can be placed anywhere around the house. With these assumptions, the concept and global idea of “Capsule or Technology Isle” is a “concept of integration” of all the elements of the house into compact prefab elements. Construction & Materials Structure • Horizontal structure: - Ground Floor. Perimeter steel beams (hollow tube 200.200.8 mm) with steel joists (hollow tube 80.200.6 mm) separated 65-70 cm centre-tocentre. - Roof Floor. Perimeter wooden beams and joists
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with the same section (70x140 mm). Joists 40 cm centre-to-centre coinciding with the distribution of studs.
For instance, natural cork sheets have been chosen for the internal skin of the house. The patio`s flooring uses slats made of a composite material made from recycled wood and PVC bottles, resembling traditional Andalusian wooden floors.
• Vertical structure: Wooden studs, 40 cm centreto-centre, and section 70x70, 70x140 or 70x210 mm. The span between studs is determined by the anchoring necessary for the façade ceramic sheets. Envelope (The Intelligent Skin) There are two types of envelopes, one for the habitable compact modules and another for the Patio. The first envelope uses an external layer of ceramic sheets as its more visible and characteristic feature. The second is the Patio envelope, formed by a double skin which controls light, shade and ventilation.
Singular Elements (Kitchen And Bath Islands. Indoor Fixtures) There are two monolithic prefabricated pieces inside the habitable modules. One of them provides almost all the functions of a kitchen, and the other is a compact box which integrates all the elements that usually make up a bathroom. Both are designed as containers of technology, including state-of-the-art toilets, bathtubs and extraction hoods, etc. The exterior finish is also Corian cutting-edge material, specially suitable for humid spaces.
• Habitable Modules’ Envelope. Its composition, from the outside to the outside, is as follows: Porous ceramic tiles + Ventilated air gap + Reflexive aluminium insulation + Waterproof sheet + OSB panel + Mineral wool Insulation between the studs + Thermopanel + Natural cork panels Within the kitchen and the living room’s northern façade, a drip irrigation system is installed to induce the evapotranspiration process in the ceramic sheets, in order to cool the air gap. On the lower part of this air gap, a series of motorized slats will drive the cooled air towards the interior of the room.
Storage-Closet Furniture (Storage And Integrated Equipment) In addition to shelves and drawers for storage, closets also include specific mechanical equipment depending on the type. Closets have integrated air conditioning fan coils, air slats to allow air from the natural ventilation system in, and are internally lit with embedded LEDs on the top boards. They contain all the elements for water supply, drainage, and electric systems necessary for the integrated equipment to work. The closets are made of MDF boards and veneered with natural oak wood and water varnish.
• Patio´s Envelope (The artificial vine system). Inspired by the Andalusian Courtyard House, but made with new materials, geometry and technology, this type of envelope includes two layers. One is completely glazed but adjustable in a way that allows for both an open ventilated scenario and a completely closed one. The other layer is a series of adjustable louvers reminiscent of the image of a vine’s leaves. This envelope provides shade, cools the air, captures light, and can even become a thermal collector in winter… All these functions have been devised to generate a multipurpose and habitable space for the house. The louvers, adjustable and programmable by automation, reinterpret the traditional role of a courtyard vine, so frequent in traditional Mediterranean patios.
Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems Passive Heating Strategies Sun Space The flexible arrangement of the patio glazing can alternatively transform it into a green house or a ventilated shaded space. Under the winter sun, this glazed space can be closed to heat the rooms around it. Adjustable louvers on both the ceiling and the walls of the patio allow for a careful control over the quantity of radiation in every case. Passive Cooling Strategies Air Pre-Cooling By Evapo-Transpiration. Passive Ventilation The prototype ceramic finish includes a system of capillary irrigation which allows a natural cooling of the envelope through a water evaporation process inside the ceramic material. This way, the air gap in the façades can be cooled up to 10ºC below the exterior temperature. The cooled air is channeled into the interior space through motorized grilles at the base of the walls, and subsequently removed through a solar chimney located on the roof of every living module.
Interior Construction and Finishes (Natural and sustainable materials) One of the main aims of the project is to use technologically advanced and sustainable materials, reminiscent of the Mediterranean essence, easy to assemble and disassemble, and of the best quality and durability.
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Semipassive System for Heating and Cooling Automatized Air Admission Gates Without Thermal Bridging. The regulation of air admitted from the envelope air gap to the rooms through motorized gates for passive ventilation is automatically controlled by the home automation system of the prototype.
comfort and energy efficiency. “Aqualis Inverter” reaches a C.O.P. over 4 and ensures up to 60% energy saving compared to traditional fossil-fuel heating systems. Solar Systems The prototype achieves an optimum architectural integration of the photovoltaic solar system through the shape of the house. Photovoltaic panels are integrated into the living modules, which are located on the roof so as to create a ventilated air gap on very little supports. The roofs of the living modules have the appropriate incline to get better efficiency during the competition. Therefore, the photovoltaic system has a dual function: roofing and electricity generation.
Active Systems Air Conditioning The system is formed by an air-water device “Aqualis Inverter”, and a fancy “Major Line” with two pipes in every room, with an additional battery located in the admission duct of the fan coil which allows prior cooling (free cooling type using the water in the main pond). The supply of hot water by solar panels is supported by a thermal air/water pump using the “SANI 300l” tank.
Furthermore, the panels placed on the top of the Technical Box are hybrid units, so that the thermal solar panels are added under the photovoltaic units for water conditioning.
With regards to the energy efficiency: - The “Inverter” equipment allows regulating electrical power over a C.O.P. of 4, saving up to 60% compared to a conventional heating system. - The “Major Line” fan coil allows a reduction of up to 20% in motor power thanks to its smart construction. Its HEE CIAT motor with Brushless technology allows up to 85% energy saving. - The hot-water production cost with the support of the “Aqualis Inverter” heat pump with the SANI 300l tank is two times lower than a classic electrical tank. - The cooling system used in the main pond reaches up to 25% of energy saving.
Another highlight is the large area used for solar capture systems, as Patio 2.12 takes full advantage of photovoltaic energy using the entire roof of the house. Patio 2.12 proposes two types of Photovoltaic Systems connected to the grid. Their size (2kW and 2.5 kW) depends on the usable area of each habitable module. The total power of the PV generator is 11,3 kWp in Standard Test Conditions while the inverter’s power is 9 kW. All four systems (2 of 2 kW and 2 of 2,5 kW) can operate independently. Their connection to the general system of the house and the grid is located in the “technical module”.
Heating “Aqualis Inverter”, 33H air/water reversible heat pump is designed for household use. Its “Inverter” technology allows modulating its power to adapt to all needs of the house, in order to improve the
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Technical Data of the House: Patio 2.12 Nº.2 / 897,4 points Contest 1: Architecture: 95,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 73,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 100,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 106,5 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 92,9 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 110,3 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 80,0 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 64,9 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 68,9 points. Contest 10:Sustainability: 95,9 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 10,0 points.
Team Name Andalucia Team
Hot Water System type: Photovoltaic/Thermal Panels (PVT) Model: Hybrid Atersa Area:13,89 m2
Project Dimensions Gross area:107,1 m2 Net floor area: 69,6 m2 Conditioned Volume: 128,7 m3
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type 1: PVT modules (Hybrid Atersa) Area 1: 13,89 m2 Modules Type 2: Monocrystalline PV panels Area 2: 55,46 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance:0,20 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,19 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,12 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,70 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,39
Installed PV power:11,32 kWp Estimated energy production:16355 kWh/year Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 2982,0 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 42,7 kWh/year per m2
Hvac Systems Energy Production Equipment: Type: Air/Water heat pump Model: CIAT Aqualis Inverter Capacity Heating: 10,2kW / Cooling 8,9 kW Efficiency: COP 4 / EER 3
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 24,3 % Cooling: 10,7 % Lighting: 12,5 % Appliances and Devices : 40,0% Others: 12,5 %
Terminal Unit: Type: Transmission mode Fancoil Model: CIAT Major Line
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Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +13372,57 kWh/year List Of Singular And Innovative Materials And Systems Ceramic Envelope with evapo-transpiration effect. Patio envelope for natural conditioning (“technological vine”). Chimney effect for natural ventilation. Compact prefab isles for kitchen and bathroom equipment. Solar roof. Integrated PV modules and Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors. Domestic natural purifying system for grey water. Cost Construction Cost: 500.000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 150.000 €
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Med in Italy Università degli Studi di Roma TRE + Sapienza Università di Roma + Free University of Bozen + Fraunhofer Italy
3
Nº.3 / 863,5 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives
intermediate spaces and transitions between inner and outer space, producing ante litteram buffer zones.
Tradition and innovation are the two fundamental criteria behind the “MED in Italy” house. The former is the inspiration of the project and provides a bioclimatic model suited to the Mediterranean latitudes. The latter is prompted by the need to adapt the traditional model to modern demands and technologies.
In our design, the outdoor space is an integral part of the residential area and accomplishes specific bioclimatic functions to moderate the temperature difference between the inside and the outside, strongly reducing psychometric problems in the building envelope.
Following tradition, we worked with the Mediterranean climate of the Italian peninsula, where protection from heat gains has the same importance as protection from cold and, in many cases, is even more relevant. The basic strategies to avoid heat in such contexts provide protection from solar radiation, inertial heat storage and thermal dissipation, alternating day and night temperatures, and the culture of living in outdoor spaces.
Outdoor plant sensors reveal the presence of pollutants and indicate potential biological damage to living organisms in actual situations of air pollution. Internal comfort control derives from traditional Mediterranean typological and morphological solutions to “passively” manage inside temperature
Architectural Design Despite their variety, most architectural models developed in Mediterranean areas in the past share a strong integration between open spaces – generally delimited- and enclosed build volumes. Additional architectural elements such as loggias or porches have always played a role in controlling climate conditions, and their association with adjustable dimming systems and openings for ventilation control, has enabled the creation of
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and “buffer zone” areas, frequently designed as loggias, courtyards or patios.
and summer months. During the summer, in particular, it preserves the average radiating temperature, producing a pleasant sensation of coolness, different in quality from the feeling generated by air-conditioning systems. During the winter, it keeps the inside space warm and avoids quick thermal energy losses; an outer layer, which provides continuous insulation around the building with careful attention to the prevention of thermal bridges and monitors joints through FEA analysis.
The Mediterranean climate can create complications for energy efficiency due to the dual need to cool in the summer and heat during the winter. This duality implies a need for a changing configuration and requires the building to adapt to various external dynamic stresses. This is especially true during the summer, when the building must remain more closed to the exchange with the outside during the day, while at night it should be kept open to increase ventilation and free cooling.
Construction & Materials The entire image of the house is based on the contrast between low-tech and high-tech construction.
For this reason, the envelope was conceived in order to: - Work as a climatic damper to reduce energy loss; - Favour energy gain through the use of PV installations; - Provide intermediate buffer zones for the house ; - Adapt to seasonal and daily climatic stresses.
The exterior view of the low tech part is reminiscent of a textile layer created with a hemp canvas (the same canvas used for the sails of the historical ship Amerigo Vespucci, the Italian Navy training ship) stretched over wooden frames. This casing reinterprets an ancient Mediterranean building tradition, which historically precedes the use of stone. Hemp canvas is part of an important Italian tradition and it is a culturally essential to give this material a new chance to be useful. We also use hemp to create shade in the patio.
Because of this behavioral pattern, the envelope works as a living organism, divided into two main layers: - An inner layer, supplied with inertial mass in direct contact with the indoor area, which allows heat to be stored at any time. In fact, the mass works as a thermal fly-wheel both in the winter
In truth, textile is an uncommon finish for the walls of a building. Cutting edge research is currently being developed on this topic, and we
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believe that textile, if properly explored, could be a high performer, and be suitable for building envelopes in temperate to hot climates. However, the modular cladding system of the “MED in Italy” prototype could pave the way for future housing with other finishes, more common and suitable from a marketing point of view, such as laminated, TRESPA, brick, metal sheets, and wood panels, depending on the construction environment. These textile formworks, strengthened with wooden structures, are filled with loose material, available in the building area, such as sand, soil, rubble… The infill heavy materials conform to a common feature in buildings around the Mediterranean area: a wall thermal inertia in sharp contrast with the lighter North European systems (framed). Walls act as thermal fly-wheels both in winter and during the summer. In the prototype created for the contest the massive material is wet sand, contained in aluminum tubes, in order to be transported and easily assembled and disassembled. The concept behind the furniture design and prototyping is the same as with the house: easy assembly and disassembly, in few steps repeated numerous times. Dry joints (thanks to the use of mechanical joints only, and the absence of glues reducing formaldehyde emissions to zero) and traditional materials are combined with hightech and contemporary designs for chairs, table, bed, desk and kitchen. The latter belongs to the range of Made in Italy flexible products for interior design: its system has been designed to be built around the absence of matter, in empty spaces, using only shelves and jumbo drawers to achieve a light and modern style of furniture through dematerialization. Even the innovative wooden and metal doors are de-materialized thanks to their very slim panels and the materials used: a faced frame for the wooden doors and a 2mm thick panel for the metal parts. To recover one of the finest qualities in architectural expression and production typical of the Mediterranean area, we redesigned classical tiles. From Turkey to Italy, through France and Greece, tiles represent, with a huge variety in shape and type, the union between tradition and modernity. Our research focused on the 20cm square-shaped tile, inserting different objects into it (bowls, cups, hooks, etc) to create new accessories. Ceramic was also introduced into the lighting design project, creating biomorphic lamps which are transformed from a sculpture to a lighting-
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emitting object. In our project, natural and artificial lighting are based on the following concepts: - Daylight comes from windows and skylights. They allow light to enter from different directions creating a perfect balance of luminance on different surfaces, with special attention to visual tasks and painted surfaces; - Electrical lighting and home automation integrate perfectly with daylight, with minimum energy consumption and maximum visual comfort; - High efficiency light sources (last generation LED) and high-performance optics minimize energy consumption with no loss of visual perception and comfort; - LED Spectrum performance defines a pleasant and relaxing visual environment, enhancing materials and textures; - Long-lasting technologies minimize maintenance operations; - Custom design of luminaries and feeding system allows for optimal performance with different furniture arrangements The inside of the house also explores the potential of conductive textiles with a new material called Texsteel, which combines the easy workability of metal with the softness and aesthetics of fabric. A study of its main characteristics revealed its innovative quality, sustainability, industrial strength, low-cost, highly sensitive performance, electrical conductivity to be an advantage for the design of interactive components. Texteel can be printed on, punched, plied, and draw-pressed.
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Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems
Furthermore, it is a magnetic and conductive material. These characteristics led us to the idea of coating the office desk with it, therefore adding to its natural properties (lightness, self-standing, texture), energy transmission at low voltage (12v) at any point of its surface. That way, it would be possible to use the entire desk as an energy socket for small appliances (watches, smart phones, lamps, cordless phones).
In line with the main purpose of design strategies, the improvement of thermal capacity across envelope elements has been thoroughly analysed. The main strategy involves an increased mass across walls compared to the lightness of structures typical of wood technologies. Different configurations of mass distribution have been tested by a hot box in order to identify the best one. The solution ultimately selected proposes a cavity with aluminium pipes filled with wet sand, which reduces the total weight of structures up to 30% compared to a homogenous layer of dry sand. Thanks to the increase in heat-exchanging surface, through ventilation of the mass itself, it has been possible to increase the total thermal capacity of the walls (at least up to 20% higher than a homogenous layer of dry sand).
From a spatial point of view, the house is conceived as a traditional home, where the living room and the bedroom are clearly separated. The kitchen is also enclosed and clearly purpose-oriented. However the continuity and fluidity of the space is assured by an “art gallery”, a large, lit corridor which evolves to different areas: from the living room to the laundry, from the home office and bedroom to the bathroom, through the use of sliding doors which separate the toilet as an independent separate room. The artwork lining on the corridor wall gives and assures the continuity of the space. It also helps enhance the positive behavior of the dwellers, preventing them from furnishing the northern wall and therefore letting the wall optimise its thermal gain function. Furthermore, the wall is painted with a special bright material, which stores light and releases it during the night. This way the wall acts not only as background, but also provides safety at night by creating a lightened path.
This mass solution combined with a thick thermal insulation achieves an average value of 0,149 [W/ m2K] of opaque envelope thermal transmittance equal, and an average value of time shift of 19,85 [h], which makes the wooden wall comparable to a traditional insulated brick structure. Appropriate design features for night mass ventilation and solar shadings further enhance the potential of solution we have chosen to adopt.
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The HVAC systems have been divided into two main active circuits. Given that the main thermal generator is an air-to-water heat pump, a radiant system installed in the inner layer of roof structures serves as a first active circuit to control reasonable heating and cooling loads. This system has been designed to guarantee the best comfort conditions for a standard residential occupancy of the building.
power demand and improve the concurrence of energy production and energy demands.
In order to control peaks due to extraordinary occupancy during the contest and the latent loads in both the residential and contest use, the airexchange system (standard equipment for a high energy efficiency building) has been upgraded to an air-treatment system (which serves as second active circuit) in order to meet the humidity and CO2 requirements for the contest. An intelligent bypass of heating recovery system has been introduced: when external conditions are similar to comfort conditions, the system allows natural ventilation across the building.
Solar Systems
Considering the energy demand for heating and cooling, three different tanks have been designed: • 200 l of 55 °C hot water for sanitary, shower and kitchen uses; • 100 l of 35 °C hot water for heating purposes; • 100 l of 15 °C cold water for cooling purposes.
The high tech is made up of an external and an internal part. The PV envelope is the external high tech part. It protects the roof´s surface and the eastern and west façades from direct solar radiation, and also provides shade for the southern façade. This kind of solution is perfectly integrated into the image of the building, transforming the photovoltaic panel from an appliance to a building component. The internal part is the “3D core” of the house, which includes the kitchen and the bathroom as well as the HVAC technical room. It contains all the technical appliances so as to avoid electrical diffusion, reduce water distribution length and facilitate assembling phases.
Instead of using batteries (which are too expensive from the point of view of installation, maintenance and environmental impacts), thermal storage systems have been adopted to reduce the electrical
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In our design, PV Surfaces are not juxtaposed on the roof of the house, but deeply integrated into the architectural image, in such a way that the building would lose its meaning if they were removed.
PV Surfaces are designed to maximize production following the requirements of the contest. The installed power is 9.62 KWp, divided in 4 strings for a total of 64 polycrystalline (c-Si) panels. Even from the energy-production perspective, the design is flexible and allows for different PV technologies to be used, maintaining an aesthetic coherence with different optical and technical options. We tested solutions based on either diffuse or direct solar radiation and integrated them into the design.
We use the PV surfaces as shading devices: cantilevers have been fine-tuned to protect glass surfaces (skylight and south windows) from direct solar radiation during the hot season. They are designed as a separate element, detached from the waterproof envelope of the house, thus allowing for an adequate ventilation of the space between the two roofs, preventing a decrease in the efficiency of panels due to overheating.
The most fascinating -but expensive- solutions tested were based on CIS (Copper, Indium and Selenium, together with Gallium and Sulfur), alternating black, coloured and serigraphed panels, but we also simulated the less efficient thin film (a-Si). Since the shape of the roof is partly unconnected from the number and type of panels, the house can be configured coherently based on different budgets, contests and energy needs.
Another particular feature of our project is the multi-orientation of the PV surfaces: horizontal (roof), east and west walls. The multi-orientation is linked to the architectural integration of the panels, but also supports the optimization of the temporary relationship between energy production and consumption, since the surfaces will produce energy at different times of the day, minimizing the need for energy storage.
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Technical Data of the House: Med in Italy Nº.3 / 863,5 points Contest 1: Architecture: 100,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 72,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 87,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 93,9 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 96,5 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 115,9 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 66,7 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 64,0 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 57,6 points. Contest 10:Sustainability: 100,0 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 10,0 points.
Team name Med in Italy
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Heating recovery with heat pump integrated Model: ULYSSE HP by Frost Italy
Project Dimensions Gross area: 68,04 m2 Net floor area: 55,49 m2 Conditioned Volume: 143,89 m3
Hot Water System type: Heat pump (combined production) Capacity: 2,70 kW Heating sanitary water mode Electrical Energy Production Model: WINAICO, WSP 185P6 Area: 86,14 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,14 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,14 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,14 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,23 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,50
Installed PV power: 11, 84 kWp Estimated energy production: 13572,00 kWh/year
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling energy production equipment: Type: Air/Water heat pump Model:OMNIREC H5 by Frost Italy Capacity: Heating capacity 3,06 kW / Cooling 3,22 kW Efficiency: COP 4,77 / EER 4,20
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 5070,03 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 91,37 kWh/year per m2 Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 8,9 % Cooling: 9,1 % Ventilation: 7,3 % Domestic Hot Water: 13,9 % Lighting: 9,0 % Appliances, Devices and Pumps: 51,8%
Terminal Unit: Type 1: Radiant ceiling with cork thermal insulation Model 1: Leonardo by Eurotherm Type 2: Radiant floor Model 2: ZEROMAX by Eurotherm
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Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +8501,97 kWh/year
High efficiently polycrystalline silicon cells Efficient appliances with remote control features for energy savings Optimized natural lighting on work areas Photo-luminescent products for safety indoor use Mechanical filtering of grey water and UV disinfection device
List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Thermal mass. Walls with interior layer of aluminium tubes filled with sand. Windows frame design avoiding thermal bridges Selective glazing Advanced Building Automation and Control System (BACS) Active solar systems combined with thermal mass Low embodied energy materials Recyclable and reusable outdoor flooring made of recycled plastic panels filled by vegetables (exhausted olive pomace) Ventilated walls with canvas cladding Bitumen free waterproofing membrane based on vegetal components High concentration of plants in the “3D core” Mechanized ventilation windows controlled by the house automation and control system Climate control system powered by a small power air to water heat pump with controlled mechanical ventilation and active heat recovery Radiant ceiling 3 water buffer tanks: for space heating, for space cooling and for DHW. PV architectural design
Cost Construction Cost: 160.000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 124.000 €
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Ecolar Home University of Applied Sciences Konstanz 4
Nº.4 / 835,0 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives The name ECOLAR includes the words “ecologic” and “solar” as well as “economic” and “modular”. With the aim of rendering these main objectives into a building, we have developed the ECOLAR building set system. It contains all the elements needed to build an ECOLAR house. ECOLAR is a new building system which allows everyone to build his or her own individual home. A house based on a simple concept, but offering the greatest comfort to the dweller and designed to provide shelter throughout his or her lifetime. Therefore, the ECOLAR Home 2012 is only one of many examples of what a home for two people can
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look like. It demonstrates the houses´ ability to adapt to its surroundings and to climate conditions, through the use of adequate elements included in the ECOLAR building set. The ECOLAR Home for Madrid consists of six room-modules, four of them created as indoor spaces and two other modules serving as a carport and a private patio. The combination of all six modules forms a compact and simple cubic shape. Inside, the Super-cabinet offers a wide range of opportunities for different everyday life situations. By transforming the rooms and changing its functions, the house adapts to its dwellers´ requirements and space can be used very efficiently. The main goal for ECOLAR project goes beyond building a trendsetting house: its aim is to create a cohesive master plan for a future living concept. For this reason, several aspects became particularly important during planning and construction:
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patio-entrance
sleeping / working
DRAWING CODE
SCALE
Transversal Section
1 : 50
DATE
living
DRAWN BY
13.08.2012
P.K.
13,05 3,95
30
DRAWING CODE 3,95
SHEET TITEL 30
AR-201
SCALE 3,95
Longitudinal Section
DATE 30
1 : 50
patio-privat
bed washing
DRAWN BY
13.08.2012
P.K.
30
N
B 30
SHEET TITEL
AR-211
cooking / eating
patio-entrance
eating
living
cooking
technics
patio-entrance
30
56,80 m2
A
3,95
sleeping / working
multimedia
30
A
8,80
3,95
bath
B
DRAWING CODE AR-021
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SHEET TITEL Floor Plan
SCALE 1 : 50
DATE
13.08.2012
DRAWN BY P.K.
• Modularity is one of the most important features. The ECOLAR building set provides a great deal of flexibility when designing a new home. • Sustainability throughout the whole life cycle of the house by employing fast growing resources and fully recyclable materials. • Using highly efficient technologies while creating a comfortable and aesthetic environment, avoiding an excessively technical appearance. • Maximizing synergistic effects by drawing on multifunctional building elements and the use of one same space within the house for different situations. • Focusing on innovation by employing new and forward-looking technologies, with several world’s firsts! Architectural Design The ECOLAR Home for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 will consist of six modules. Four of them serve as interior spaces; two of them are designed as patios. The modular concept of the building is clear from the outside. The inserted wall panels can easily be distinguished from the columns and beams. The facades of the patios are glazed, so natural light can reach the interior. In order to increase protection from the sun and privacy, the patios can be screened with curtains.
and bring a part of the Lake Constance to Madrid. Therefore, there will be typical features of the Lake such as water or its characteristic wooden walkways.
The other conducting facades are either lined with transparent, or fitted with semi-transparent, photovoltaics. The roof is constructed as a flat roof and complements the overall cubic shape of the house. It is separated, however, through a gap in the actual building structure. This way it appears more delicate and becomes more important.
Construction & Materials The modular principle places high demands on the construction of the house. It requires that all components are manufactured with perfect precision and specific solutions are developed to connect parts in a way that they are stable and can be easily resolved.
The modular and flexible concept is resumed inside with the “super cabinet“. Made up of floor-to-ceiling cabinet modules, it contains all the necessary functions for everyday life. From furniture to bathroom and technical elements, everything fades into the walls. In line with the idea of modularity, the design of the cabinet is also based on a regular grid. Because every resident will have the opportunity to put together his or her own super cabinet and later replace optional modules.
Because of market viability and sustainability, a wooden structure was chosen. Since the beams and columns are formed as hollow box sections, a very high load capacity can be achieved at a low cost. In addition, the individual parts are very light, and this facilitates the handling and the assembly on site. Another advantage of this design lies in the fact that the cavities of the columns and beams can be insulated.
The kitchen is also included and formally matches the round shape. This creates a flexible space which adapts continuously to the needs and moods of the dwellers. The exterior space should suggest the native region
The basic construction is always the same. Columns and beams are built as box girder profiles. The construction material is wood and the hollow spaces are filled with hemp insulation. Therefore, the building´s construction provides a
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high load-bearing capacity and good insulation.
Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems
Flexible joints allow for the extension and the deconstruction of the building or parts of it at any time. All columns and all beams are identical, so they will be produced in series and with a high level of accuracy. This also reduces the manufacturing costs.
The PCM (Phase Changing Material) enriched clay plates on the ceiling can absorb the heat from the interior and regulate humidity. The LUCIDO facade element is also an intelligent construction component, storing heat to improve the insulation value.
Although the façades are also produced in series, several types are available. For the ECOLAR Home 2012 we decided to use three different façadeelements, selected and optimized for Madrid´s climate conditions and their solar orientation.
In extreme cases, the passive system can be connected to a climate control unit. It can operate both the heating and cooling if needed. In addition, the air is preheated and can also support the heating and cooling system.
The northern and southern walls are designed as translucent elements. The eastern and western façades are opaque and include a newly developed solar-hybrid-system. Room-high glass sliding doors provide access to the patios.
In order to remain true to the concept of sustainability, the wastewater is treated through a filtration system. Later, it can be used again, for example as grey water to flush the toilet. The goal is to interconnect simple components in an intelligent way in order to create an intelligent house.
The whole roof is covered with innovative solar panels available in an opaque and a semitransparent design. The latter is used to cover the patios for natural lighting. The multifunctional panels serve many different purposes, such as water bearing surface, passive and active heating, cooling and generation of electricity.
Solar Systems Photovoltaic design. The roof is the PowerStation of the house. The entire surface is covered with photovoltaic material, and even the semitransparent solar cells covering the patios are used.
Inside the ECOLAR Home, the concept of flexibility and modularity continues with the Super cabinet. Its floor-to-ceiling elements include all the technical devices, the furniture and even the bathroom. This allows different scenarios for everyday use.
The house, however, should not only aim to produce as much energy as possible, but also consume as little as possible. Therefore, it´s conditioning is largely passive.
An intelligent home automation system provides maximum comfort while fulfilling the highest energy standards. By using only natural building materials and renewable energy sources, the ECOLAR Home is highly ecologic and sustainable.
The photovoltaic system of the ECOLAR-house is the main feature of the building, visible throughout the design. The roof is covered with 24 poly-crystalline solar panels, eight of which are perforated for light to come through into the patio area. These panels have a 10 % light transmission.
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covered with opaque solar facades. The thin layer of PV-modules made of amorphous silicon use the morning and evening light to produce energy. These modules are 20 % light translucent.
course, the most important job is to create lots of electricity. The design of the roof as been optimized to maximize the photovoltaic area, so that it appears to be one big solar panel. At the same time, the flat roof is the water- containing layer.
Inverters nominal power were reduced for the competition from approx. 13000 Wp to 9680 W [80 % of the nominal power].
And, as described earlier in the section on Solar Thermal Design, it is also used to adjust the temperature inside the house to make it comfortably cool during the hot months and pleasantly warm in winter.
The PV cells in our façade were not linked to the house grid during the competition in Madrid. Solar Thermal design. The principle sounds simple: Keep the sun out when it is hot, and collect the solar energy when it is cold (or if you need a hot shower). And use as much daylight as possible. If you look more in detail, it is about form, shade, glazing, buffering, insulation and bringing together gains and needs.
While serving all these different technical purposes, the roof also constitutes an important aesthetic feature in the design of the house. No matter what dimensions the building adopts, it will always be the final element, a feature that hovers over the body of the house and completes the general shape of the building. Also, the perforated photovoltaic cells covering the patios modulate daylight to create the effect of a pleasant halfshade similar to shadows cast by trees.
We use a self-developed combination (PVT) of a flat plastic absorber (90x400cm) behind our PVmodules to activate about 60 qm of our roof-space for thermal purposes. Combined with a 2100l buffer tank we can use it to support the passive heating/ cooling system and/or the heat pump. During the summer, we buffer the thermal energy excess to get rid of it through night radiation exchange, while during the heating period we collect the heat to support our heat pump. The cascade of three single 700l tanks allows an efficient usage.
A second area where solar systems are integrated in the design of the house, are the façades. As mentioned earlier in the section on Photovoltaic Systems Design, the façades on the perimeter of the house will be energy- activated with photovoltaic cells. These glass panels will also function as the final skin for weather protection, replacing conventional cladding materials. They are very durable, virtually clean themselves and, above all, over their span of life produce far more energy than the energy used to produce them. When we stack up our building, we need more energy. The roof cannot meet the additional demands from an pre-determined size. So we activate the façade and extend the area of production. Therefore, these houses can be regarded as extremely sustainable.
Our thermal energy concept is based on a complex water-based collection and distribution-system throughout the house. Circulating pumps manage the flows between the PVT-modules, the cooling ceiling, the heating floor and the two water-air exchangers in the ventilation system. In addition, the solar supported DHW-tank, the heat pump and a cascade of three buffer tanks maximize usage. Building Integrated Actives Solar Systems. Our Solar Roof serves three different purposes. Of
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Technical Data of the House: Ecolar Home Nº.4 / 835,0 points Contest 1: Architecture: 95,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 80,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 93,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 72,8 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 95,4 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 113,9 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 56,0 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 80,0 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 54,7 points. Contest 10:Sustainability: 86,7 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 7,5 points.
Team Name Ecolar
Hot Water System (in addition to the heat pump): Type: PVT, Hybrid Photovoltaic modules Thermal collector area: 57,6 m2
Project Dimensions Gross area: 78,40 m2 Net floor area: 67,60 m2 Conditioned Volume: 175,76 m3
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type 1: Multicristalline cells glass/glass modules Area 1 (roof): 103,50 m2 Modules Type 2: Façade PV panels Area 2 (facade): 35, 87 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,10 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,13 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,13 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,63 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,52
Installed PV power: 13,29 kWp (only roof) Estimated energy production: 14371 kWh/year (only roof production)
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling energy production equipment: Type: Water/Water reversible heat pump Capacity: Heating capacity 5,0 kW / Cooling 4,0 kW Efficiency: COP 3,5
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 5480,0 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 81,1 kWh/year per m2
Terminal Unit: Type: Radiant heating floor and cooling ceiling
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating/Cooling/Water: 25,1 % Ventilation: 6,4 % Lighting: 17,0 % Appliances and Devices: 51,5 %
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Counterflow heat exchanger Efficiency: 85%
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Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: + 8891 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV). Lucido facade system: Innovative glass façade panels with a PV cells layer in front of an air cavity with wooden fins that reflect most of the sun`s rays during summer months and absorb solar energy in the winter time, insulated with woodwool. Latent Thermal energy storage (LTES): PCM enriched clay plates in the radiant cooling ceiling. Humidity regulation: Clay plates at ceiling help to regulate the humidity level. Daylight system with the use of optical fiber technology. Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors for passive heating/cooling. Night sky radiant cooling system. Grey water heat recovery. Cost Construction Cost: 360,000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 200,000 €
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Counter Entropy House RWTH Aachen University 5
Nº.5 / 819,3 points
Introduction & Main Objectives Of Project
Besides the architectural design, the interior design and the furnishings reveal a unique combination of multifunctional, space-saving configurations to create maximum space, optimized usage, and adapt to changing circumstances through the storage of glass elements in “functional blocks”. The private area is enlarged through a large cantilevered roof and ensures maximum protected private space by means of a revolving curtain.
The unique design of the “Counter Entropy House” is based on the idea of a resource efficient, energy-optimized life cycle of a building in which the production of components, their transport, and eventual disposal are taken into consideration. In addition to the products being made of recycled material, house also includes direct or indirect “object recycling“, thus achieving an individual architectural solution, e.g. a facade made of panels from melted and polished CDs, flooring made of old beams from the Aachener stadium, and furnishings made of reused wooden boards collected from bulk rubbish.
Based on the SDE rules, the outstanding and unique energy systems developed by the team could be described as “passive”. Energy is supplied only by transferring heat-flow through carrierfluids. No enclosed thermodynamic cycle is needed. The only electrical energy consumed is
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generated by circulation pumps for the different fluid cycles. The “Counter Entropy House“ uses a thermal cooling system which is much more sustainable than climatizing the house with electricity. Therefore, the main aim is for mechanical heat pumps to no longer be the central element of the building service engineering. In its place, a far-reaching use of solar thermal energy (night and day) provides the energy needed for airconditioning. The solar thermal energy provides a significant advantage over the exclusive use of photovoltaic cells. The second system which contributes to comfort conditions of the house is the cooling ceiling fed by a special fluid cycle. In the cooling mode, the process is as follows: rain water from the storage tanks cools down the dispersion, water is blended with PCM within the cold-storage tank via a heat exchanger. The dispersion in the cold-storage tank is pumped through the cooling ceiling and lowers the room temperature by means of radiation cooling. Architectural Design The “Counter Entropy House” is a single-storey, clearly structured building designed for two people. In order to achieve optimal usage of the small footprint predetermined by the organisation, a smooth transition between interior and exterior is created. Thus the main focus is not drawn only to a visual enlargement of the living space but also to the actual enlargement of the private living zone. The building can be classified in three vertical zones of privacy, which are either raised from the ground and remain unroofed, raised from the ground and roofed, or raised from the ground, roofed and thermally or visually covered. The three horizontal zones – the solid base which serves as building foundation, the open floor made of closed
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block elements and transparent glass surfaces, and the large cantilevered roof – are decisive in determining the stages of privacy for the vertical zones. The first horizontal zone – the solid base – creates the first stage by raising the building from the ground and defining a clear border between the public space. The second horizontal zone – the roof – creates the second stage of privacy by clearly defining the space from two sides. The third vertical zone is the most private area created by the building envelope within the open space. In order to enlarge the inner private zone, a curtain can be pulled around the roof‘s edge. By dissolving the building‘s envelope the zones are joined as one and held together by the large cantilevered roof.
located on the roof‘s edge can be stowed in the blocks and functions as sunshade and defines a new private living space. To emphasize the smooth transition between inner and outer space , the facade of the “Functional Blocks“ extends into the interior. The living space can be divided into four areas, each with one “Functional Block“; the bathroom,
Due to the clear zoning there is a smooth transition between the interior and exterior generated by the strong visual axes and intensified by the continuous use of the same floor and ceiling material and the glass facades. The layout of the building develops through two rectangles displaced sideways and divided into a private area on the west side and a public one on the east. This way, two roofed outdoor spaces are created and defined by two sides – the public entrance area and the private terrace.
however, is an exception – the dining and cooking area is in the northeast, the living area is oriented towards the southwest, the sleeping and working area are in the west and the bathroom in the north.
In order to keep the room as open as possible and at the same time well structured, every area has its own “Functional Block“. These are the only closed elements, providing the room with most of the furnishings and hosting the building service engineering. Designed as a wooden frame construction, they allow a column-free space despite the large cantilevered roof, which not only serves as protection against sun and rain but also provides space for photovoltaic and solar thermal elements. The remaining facade consists of glass elements which can be stored in the “Functional Blocks“ to enlarge the living space. The curtain
Construction & Materials The design of the interior follows the idea of “Counter Entropy” associated with the concept of reuse. To create a pleasant order despite the mainly loud reused objects, the “Functional blocks” need to exhibit simplicity. They not only form the constructive structure but also the design frame of the blocks, generating a calm backdrop for the free standing objects carrying the idea of “Counter Entropy” to its most striking. The framing function of the blocks is visually strengthened by the coarse
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surface covering the whole structure from outside to inside contrasting with the calm front face which is clearly separated from the surrounding frame.
the design of the “Counter- Entropy“ house. Only when the architecture itself is elaborate and efficient will the whole concept of the house work out. A house which does not fit the energy efficiency requirements in architecture can hardly be improved through building service engineering, and with the latter it will not be efficient anymore. The “Counter Entropy House“ is a compact building protected by a large cantilevered roof. The roof fulfills all thermal requirements and is therefore absolutely compact. For this reason, there will not be any significant thermal bridges in the building.
In the “Functional block” itself, there are individual boxes made of reused wooden boards collected from bulk rubbish or particle boards rejected after production; these boxes are defined for particular functions based on the size of the found material. The space-saving arrangement and the multifunctional furniture allows for a flexible adaptability so residents can adjust it for individual use requirements.
Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems
As already mentioned, one of the main aspects of the “Counter Entropy House” is the idea of saving energy together with saving resources and minimising solid waste. Whenever possible, materials are reused or at least recycled repeatedly. Therefore the use of composite materials is avoided as much as possible. This is either achieved through a construction which can be easily disassembled or through the material itself. For example, in the “Counter Entropy House”, old beams from the “Tivoli” Aachen stadium are used for indoor and outdoor flooring. The facade is made of polished and melted CD‘s and the interior is mainly made of old wooden boards.
The outstanding energy system developed by the team can be described as completely “passive” according to the SDE rules.
The integration of architecture and building service engineering is an important aspect in
Three technological innovations form the core of the “Counter Entropy House’s” energy concept.
No enclosed thermodynamic cycle, like cryogen in heat-pumps, is needed. Electrical energy is nearly the only requirement for circulation pumps. The “Counter Entropy House” is based on the idea that a thermal cooling system can be more sustainable than climatizing the house with electricity. Thus, the aim is to avoid the use of mechanical heat pumps. Instead, a far-reaching use of solar thermal energy (operating night and day) provides the energy needed for the house´s HVAC system.
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Firstly, a self-developed air-handling (AHU) unit featuring a dehumidification unit based on an open process for fluid sorption and an adiabatic evaporative cooling. Secondly, the house can be cooled down through a pumpable PCMmaterial which circulates in a cooling ceiling. The necessary cooling energy is supplied by a system for nocturnal radiation cooling, which is used as a replacement for a compression refrigeration machine.
modules seem to have a reduced output compared to mono-crystalline cells, but this deficit can be compensated for. Thanks to the high efficiency of thin-film modules with diffused light and a better performance during hot periods, higher yields can be achieved over a year-long period. While the improved performance with diffused light is advantageous at the future location in rainy Aachen, the good performance in extreme heat is advantageous during the competition in hot Madrid.
An energy efficient building requires a reliable automation control. For this reason, the team has developed a sophisticated system on its own.
In addition to the area for the photovoltaic panels, a solar thermal system is installed on about 13 m² of the roof. The decision was made to use evacuated tube collectors which are operated by a water cycle instead of glycol. This increases the heat assimilation capacity of the system over a yearround period and has ecological advantages. The collectors are directly fed with processed-water from the heat storage tank. Domestic hot drinking water is warmed through a freshwater station. As described in the corresponding “Innovation Report”, the regeneration of the brine solution for the sorption process will also be fed directly by solar hot water.
Solar Systems For the supply of the domestic demand of electric energy and in order to reach a positive energy balance, photovoltaic modules are installed on the roof. For energy purposes, only modules are worth considering, as their production process is more environmental friendly than crystalline cells. That is why, thin-film modules are installed on approximately 80 m² of the roof. The process of their production only requires a small amount of embodied energy. These modules are laid out in pairs, placed against one another, aligned east to west, so that the entire roofing surface can be used for the installation without concern for shade. With an efficiency rate of 9.1% thin-film
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Technical Data of the House: Counter Entropy Nº.5 / 819,3 points Contest 1: Architecture: 110,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 59,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 87,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 72,6 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 82,5 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 113,0 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 66,7 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 71,1 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 55,6 points. Contest 10:Sustainability: 91,8 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 10,0 points.
Team Name Counter Entropy Team RWTH Aachen University
Heating system: Type: Radiant surfaces Heat source: Solar thermal modules Efficiency:COP 8
Project Dimensions Gross area:77,6 m2 Net floor area: 61,82 m2 Conditioned Volume: 170,25 m3
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: cross-counter-cross flow air-air heat exchanger Functions: For evaporative cooling and thermal energy recovery Efficiency: Temperature efficiency 94% / heat recovery 78% (DIN EN 308:1997)
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,09 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,11 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,08 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,80 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): o,45
Hot Water System type: Vacuum tube collectors Area: 13 m2
HVAC Systems HVAC Solution: Only passive and hybrid systems
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: Schüco MPE 125 - BL 01 Area: 77,22 m2
Cooling system 1: Type: Radiant ceiling (2,5 kW) Transfer medium: PCM dispersion regenerated by night sky radiation Efficiency: COP >20 (from simulations)
Installed PV power: 6,75 kWp Estimated energy production: 8886,6 kWh/year
Cooling system 2: Type: Ventilation system with indirect adiabatic evaporative cooling Transfer medium: Air Efficiency: COP 8
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 6365 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 103 kWh/year per m2 Energy consumption Characterization:
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Heating: 4 % Cooling: 27 % Ventilation: 10 % Domestic Hot Water: 2 % Lighting: 15 % Appliances and Devices: 42 %
detailed solutions). Innovations in industrialized construction (e.g. connectors). Cost Construction Cost: 542.000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 241.000 €
Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +1765 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems PCM-dispersion as heat carrier fluid (test phase). Night sky radiant cooling system (test phase). Ventilation system with indirect adiabatic evaporative cooling of rainwater. Open liquid sorption system for space conditioning (test phase). Vacuum insulation panels. Highly energy-efficient household appliances (e.g. Zeolite in the dishwasher machine). Special toilet-sink-element. Recycled, re-use-objects or „super-cycled“ products used as building material (Counter Entropy). Ventilated facade made of recycled CDs. Totally storable glass facade. Combination of multi-functionality and spacesaving configuration of furnishing (self-planned
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Odoo Budapest University of Technology & Economics
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Nº.6 / 767,0 points
Introduction & Main Objectives Of The Project
Architectural Design
The Hungarian team believes that we cannot live a sustainable life without changing our habits and lifestyle. The main goal of the Odoo project is to design a small house with an intensively used outdoor living area. The Odoo is a design concept aimed at creating a new type of living space which combines the benefits of traditional Hungarian lifestyle and modern, contemporary comfort conditions. In the Odoo, activities also take place on the terrace through the functional units fitted in the summer wall - such as the kitchen and relaxing area. This way, the time spent indoors and outdoors can be almost equal, while the use of the interior conditioned space is minimal so we save energy and building materials. The dweller develops an intense contact the house, which is not only healthy but the basis of a sustainable lifestyle.
The main design goals which included outdoor living, ideal utilization of solar energy, and easy presentation determined the geometry of the house. The house has three main components: air conditioned residential units, a terrace, and a southern side multi-functional wall or the “summer wall”. The three parts make up a single unit in its systems and appearance too. The team designed the geometry of the house to optimize active and passive solar power utilization. With the addition of the summer wall the team doubled the preferred southern façade surface. This way the team was able to apply solar cells on a vertical surface. At the same time they provided a fully glazed façade achieving passive heat gain which is used for heating during winter. Solar cells cover also the roof. The installed system produces 3 times more energy than required. The aesthetical integration of the solar cells into the roof and walls characterizes the appearance of the house. Also, the substitution of the traditional covering is an economical solution.
Choosing a sustainable building design and lifestyle is becoming a viable option in Hungary. As its main goal, the team set out to encourage and motivate people to exploit this potential. The team wanted to set an example with the Odoo project and send a message that eco-friendly households and lifestyles do have an alternative solution. The team hopes to initiate a process to increase the demand, a process through which people keen on this idea will try to adopt a sustainable lifestyle themselves. The concept also serves an educational purpose. The house raises questions based on the Hungarian lifestyle, and the primary goal is to propose alternative solutions, to stimulate critical thinking, to encourage innovative thought. The team finds it important to share with an audience of professionals the knowledge they gathered during the design process and the preparations for the Solar Decathlon Europe competition so that the Odooproject itself can make a contribution to this progress. One of the team‘s communication goals is to present a new method of teamwork, so that it can help inspire future projects with a similar profile.
Energy Efficiency-Active-Passive. The main characteristic of the designed building is the positive energy balance, which means that it produces more energy than it consumes.
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The building is a single-storey house with serves as a residential building and an exhibition pavilion. It will be presented to a large number of visitors hence the structure has to meet enhanced safety and durability requirements. The exhibition also requires the structure to have a high quality distinctive appearance both on the inside and the outside. The building has a trapezoidal appearance in its layout. It has a low-pitch roof with a lean-to design. The roof surface is defined by the inclined plane laid on the southern façade of the building. The structural system of the building is lightweight.
The layout of the terrace is trapezoidal too, which extends towards the proposed approach. All along the south side of the terrace we have designed a summer wall with a boxed structure. The plane of the upper surface of the wall is identical to the plane of the roof of the building. The summer wall – besides its function of collecting solar energy – includes functional units that allow for daily activities to be feasible and just as enjoyable outdoors and with the usual comfort.
The building consists of two distinct parts each with their own entrance. The mechanical room is located in the north-west corner of the building and is functionally separate from the bathroom and the living space which is the largest area of the house. There is no passage connecting the two parts. The mechanical room on the west side has its own entrance that can be hidden behind the façade cladding. The living space is divided for functional and visual reasons and the entrance is on the southern façade through sliding doors.
While designing the building, besides meeting the technical requirements, the team aimed to create a functioning, realistic, logical and coherent system with an original architectural character, shape and mechanical design.
Construction & Materials
The building structure forms a complex system which is intricately connected throughout the entire building and the building environment, and which meets the functional requirements imposed on it through the rules of construction. Building constructions are continuously developing with the advancements in construction techniques and solutions and the introduction of useful materials and structures. Our goal with this building design is to create a technically path-breaking house that
On the south glazed side we have placed a construction with a separate support structure but connected to the building. The terrace is functionally an integral part of the building.
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weather and predictably changing conditions with thick insulation. In the case of buildings with light-weight structures, the level of insulation performance is determined by the quality and thickness of the insulating layer. Because of its lightweight construction, the thermal mass is mainly present in external water tanks and the concrete interior flooring which plays a part in the unique, semipassive cooling-heating system developed for the house. In winter, heat from the glazed surface of the south is utilized for heating the house. On summer evenings, sprinkling water on the roof cools it down and during the day it works with the cooling system. On sunny days to prevent excessive heat a horizontal and vertical shading system was designed.
meets today’s building construction requirements and aims to show the direction for future design and construction practices. To design the most energy efficient home heat loss should be minimized. For reaching this we need proper thermal envelope, thermal mass and shading system. The house has excellent, continuously 24 cm thick-eco-friendly cellulose insulation, modern triple glazed sliding doors and ventilated multi-layer façade coating. Due to the continental climate in Hungary, summer is hot. During the day, the temperature is above 30ºC and at this time it can be continuously hot. Winter is harsh and cold, and when it cools down it can drop as low as -15ºC for weeks. Buildings can be adjusted effectively for this multi-seasonal
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As the structure of the building was being designed, the aim was to develop a thick coating of thermal insulation. The thermal insulation is cellulose which is made of recycled paper shredded into tiny pieces. The manufacturing of this product is going to start in the immediate future in Hungary. On the glued-laminated timber panels a wooden framework, which supports the OSB outer cover, is fastened from outside. The cellulose is compressed into the space between the OSB and the timber panels with blown-in technology. Regarding the windows, we tried to select airtight ones with the best heat insulation. The supports for the modules of the building are heavy-duty Purenit blocks made of recycled PUR foam. The well-insulated Purenit blocks placed into the heat insulating layer reduce the heat bridge cause by traditional transfer structures.
panels are attached with a special parallel rail system developed for PVC insulation. With this system the piercing and damaging of the insulation can be avoided. There is dropped ceiling everywhere in the living space. A unique, transportable dropped ceiling system, invented by us, is integrated with the cooling-heating pipes, ventilation, and lighting in the interest of creating a uniform appearance. In the bathroom and the living area there are ceramic tiles. Because of the ceramic tiles, the floor structure has a great thermal conductivity value enabling an efficient operation of the heating and cooling system. The floor slab is made of a special high-strength screed which can withstand transportation and lifting without any damage. Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems
The air streaming in the space behind the facade cladding cools down the warmed up facade and so reduces the heat in the interior of the house. The façade is made of glued-laminated timber boards painted black. On the summer wall and on the roof of the building, the air streaming behind the solar panels cools them down and increases their performance.
The core of the building service system in the Odoo is the air-to-water heat pump, closely connected to the semi-passive cooling-heating system, the ventilation system and to the photovoltaic system. The air handling unit provides the desired indoor air quality while the doors are closed, so we protect the interior from the extreme weather conditions. The proper interior thermal comfort is reached through surface heating-cooling through the floor and the ceiling, which is highly energy efficient. To reduce water consumption we collect rainwater
The black solar panels are placed on the low pitched roof leaving narrow gaps. Under the panels PVC waterproof membranes are laid. The solar
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from the roof, which can be used for washing, toilet flushing and irrigation.
circuit, we could only distribute the heat within the premises, on the entire floor surface. In this case we could not transfer a sufficient amount of heat to the buffer tank. The heat stored in the buffer tank can be discharged at night and used for heating and tempering.
The automation system in the Odoo controls the building service units - shading, interior settings of the house, observation, multimedia match, weather conditions and inhabitants. In the system, the connected devices form a decentralized, distributed intelligence. The multi-platform system can be controlled through many devices: smart phones, tablets, touch screen, any interface using the internet, or even while away from home.
Ventilation. Artificial ventilation can provide an energetically feasible solution for appropriate indoor air quality only if the fresh air sucked from outside is pre-heated in winter and pre-cooled in summer by the tempered air inside. This process takes places in the counterflow flat-plate heat recovery unit built into the air handling unit, allowing up to a 90% decrease in heat energy entering the living space via ventilation.
Passive Water Cooling. The sky is used for the cooling process. The cloudless sky can be seen as a radiating surface of a constant -30°C temperature. The surface of the cooled solar panels is ideal for cooling down the water which warmed up during the day. In one night, we can cool 3000 liters of water to 17°C or less and store it in a thermally insulated buffer tank. This is perfectly suitable for cooling the house during the day by circulating water in the pipes of the dropped ceiling.
Energy efficient Ecofit EC-motorized, infinitely controlled fans are used on the blowing and the suction sides. The dust and other solid pollutants are filtered through an F5 category filtering panel installed in both the exhaust and the fresh air branches. The appliance contains both cooling and heating elements, the cooling energy is provided by the air-to-water heat pump via a direct evaporation cooler. This solution allows skipping a heat transfer step (refrigerant to water), thereby making air cooling more efficient. With an electric heater drying out air can be also achieved if necessary.
Thanks to this system, the heat pump performs only reduced cooling functions, because it has to work in the cooling mode only under high ambient temperatures (~ 35°C). This saves a significant amount of energy on the cooling side. If the water did not cool back sufficiently at night, the heat pump would help out with cooling during the night. Naturally, rain water will continue to fill up the tank.
Floor. In all four building modules, two piping circuits have been installed in the floor. The first circuit is located in front of the windows, in the area which is subjected to direct sunlight, the second circuit falls is placed by the north wall of the house.
The ventilation air, tempered to the desired internal temperature is delivered to the main air space by three slot diffusers installed above the sliding doors of the southern glazed surface. The suction from the main air space is also done above the southern glass surface, through the gaps between the slot diffusers. This way, the heat entering through the glass can be channeled away immediately via the ventilation system, which reduces the summer heat load of the interior. In a normal operation mode 90m3/h fresh, tempered air is diffused indoors, in the one hour after the public tour the diffused air volume is increased to 300m3/h to provide the required indoor air quality. We simulated the air movement (CFD) in the living room in order to find out the rate and temperature distribution, and to discover if there was any stagnant zone.
The two-circuit floor system is practical if within a single day heating and cooling needs emerge together. This might happen when in the transitional period (fall or spring) the solar radiation falls on the surface before the window and heats it up. Then we have the opportunity to launch this separate circuit in the floor, and thus channel away this passive heat gain into one of the buffer tanks. If there was just one floor piping
Electrical System Concepts. The energy consumption/production of the electrical consumer circuit and photovoltaic system is measured by separate electrical meters. The measurement devices communicate with the matching KNX gateway through an optical interface so the data can be displayed on the touch panel in the building. After the building has started being used, for research related to smart metering, the system
The system will be set up with garden irrigation sprinkler heads. We attempted to cover the surface of the roof with a minimum flow rate in order to reduce the demand on power for pumping. On average, the cooling performance of the system is 20-times higher, than the energy consumption of the circulating pump (200W).
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provides the foundation for the necessary data for the further optimization of the algorithms of the complex building engineering control and the active electrical energy storage (accumulators, electrical car).
and the DC side voltage of each string configuration stays under the inverters’ MPP voltage range even with high cell temperature. The simulation is useful for comparing the most diverse range of PV systems.
Due to the dilatations needed for the building’s transportation, circuits not exceeding 16 A we used standard connectors in favour of easier site installation. During the shaping of heavy power current tracks we put great emphasis on not only making sure that the wires and cables were halogen free but also, if possible, the flexible protective conductors, junction boxes and cable glands too.
The photovoltaic system integrated in the building appears in the wall and roof cladding of the summer wall surface. The exterior claddings of the building in accordance with the characteristic dark appearance of the solar panels creates a strong contrast with the solid white cladding of the enclosed inner space. In emergencies, additional relays connected to the DC side of the inverter switch off. The power switches on the DC cables lying under the terrace turn off too, and the miniature circuit breaker in the mechanical room operates through a low line voltage.
Solar Systems In our project, taking the geometry into consideration, to establish whether the thermal heat collectors would fit into the cladding would have taken too long because of their infrequent use and besides, there was a need for heat pump either way. We decided that thermal heat collectors are not necessary and the supply of the domestic hot water would be made entirely by the heat pump. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM CONCEPTS. On the roof there are monocrystalline PV modules that are cabled to two inverters with a nominal output power of 3,0 kW while on the summer wall there are thin-film PV modules that are cabled to an inverter with a nominal output power of 2,0 kW and these are attached to the low voltage distribution network. The MPP control of the inverters is able to regulate the optimal working point even in partial shade thus it is maintains maximum efficiency at all working points of the system. There is usually a significant adjustment at these kinds of working points when the sky is overcast. For the selection of the inverters an important criteria was the smooth working in high temperature because they could only be placed in the middle section of the summer wall and in the case of the systems on the roof the inverters were overloaded on the DC side. Because the DC side overload and the modules’ dark colour requires warmer operating temperature, the possible critical operating conditions of the inverters were put through a special test; they were analysed through a simulation made in the Matlab environment. According to the breakdown of the results, a thermic overload of the inverters is not expected
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Technical Data of the House: Odoo Nº.6 / 767,0 points Contest 1: Architecture: 70,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 77,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 93,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 71,0 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 109,1 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 106,2 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 54,8 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 54,2 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 42,1 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 86,7 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 3,0 points.
Team name Odoo Project
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type 1: Schüco MPE130 BL 01 (thin film) Area 1: 20,2m2 Modules Type 1: Schüco MPE255 MS 96 (mono) Area 1: 47,5 m2
Project Dimensions Gross area: 67,0 m2 Net floor area: 45,1 m2 Conditioned Volume: 116,0 m3
PV total area: 67,7 m2 Installed PV power: 9,03 kWp Estimated energy production: 13301 kWh/year
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,16 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,15 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,15 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,97 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,50
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 5775 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 120 kWh/year per m2
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling/Ventilation/Hot water: Type: Air/Water heat pump compact system Model: Samsung RD060PHXEA A2W Capacity Heating: 6 kW / Cooling 6 kW Efficiency Heating: COP 4,60 / Cooling COP 3,40
Energy consumption Characterization: Clothes washer & dryer: 4,1 % Dishwasher: 5,3 % Cooking: 7,6 % Refrigerator & freezer: 8,1 % Home entertainment: 3,6 % Lighting: 10,6 % Building services & occasional loads: 60,8 %
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Counterflow flat-plate Heat Exchanger Efficiency: 90%
Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +7750 kWh/year
Hot Water System: Same Heating/Cooling heat pump Capacity: 6 kW
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List Of Singular And Innovative Materials And Systems Nighttime evaporative and radiant water cooling system– using rainwater. Surface heat removal system. Singular air handling unit– free cooling with by-pass. Industrialized building construction system. High performance floor screed with plastic admixture, serving as a heat retaining mass. Building Integration Photovoltaic (BIPV). Naturally ventilated roof and façade increasing BIPV performance. High density load- transmitting insulation elements integrated in the floor structure preventing thermal bridges. Insulation elements serving as doors’ and windows’ blind frames in order to avoid thermal bridges. Cost Construction Cost: 360.100 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 278.790 €
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SML System Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera
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Nº.7 / 766,0 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives The College of Engineering and Architecture of CEU at Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia participated in Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 encouraging its students to develop a Project which will undoubtedly mark their professional careers and open a new horizon in their education and research. It is an opportunity to develop their capacity for innovation and creativity in an incomparable context: sustainable energy. The educational success achieved during our participation in the Solar Decathlon Europe 2010, which proved highly enriching and productive in terms of research and technological development, entailed our dismissing any limits on enthusiasm and promoting a free use of the energetic and scientific advances discovered through this experience. With this goal we set out to participate in Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. The approach of the competition affects a multitude of formative aspects, both in Architecture and Engineering, and therefore encourages the involvement of all degree programs at CEU, to a greater or lesser extent. A selection of our students and researchers from Industrial Design, Computer Engineering and Architecture, as well as a number of postgraduates, have had the opportunity to participate in the event from their different fields. In addition, thanks to our involvement in the competition as a multidisciplinary team, the project offers a unique opportunity in which students, professors and researchers from different degree programs join forces for a common goal regarding an efficient use of energy resources. SMLsystem stemmed from the research for SMLhouse (Small, Medium and Large), the project CEU proposed at the Solar Decathlon 2010 Edition. SMLsystem returns to prefabrication as a starting point to respond to the new ways
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of inhabiting. The challenge of the SML system proposal lies in defining an architectural language where structural, compositional and functional values are introduced in a coherent way. It allows users to configure the space according to their needs by providing a catalogue of prefabricated elements available. The unit or basic module is entirely formed by prefabricated materials and dry-assembled, with wood as the predominant material in the SMLsystem, to create an entirely prefabricated module. Each of these units is transported fully equipped, and only lack the joints between the different systems and their assembly, where special attention is paid to tightness and thermal bridges, an aspect studied from the initial design.
Everything is based on an analogy to the “plug & play” system of computer components, from the joints between modules to the connection of installations. This optimization in construction technology reduces both the time of commissioning work and personal risks arising from construction processes. Thanks to a construction design based on these principles, the SMLsystem was assembled within a few hours, the lowest mounting time in the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012. Therefore, rather than construction, we should talk about SMLsystem´s sustainable assembly ideas. As should be the case with everything that is designed, every decision in the project is linked to a number of constructive principles and their solutions. Respecting the original ideas of the project, SMLSystem has developed a continuous work, showing its ability to define a comprehensive and constructive proposal which reflects our main starting points: sustainability, modularity, flexibility and prefabrication.
Architectural Design The decomposition of sustainable phenomena in various fields, that is, specialization in every parameter of sustainability, is the path we followed in the constructive development of SMLsystem, from bioclimatic design, to the use of materials and efficient building systems, a fast assembly and disassembly, prefabrication and industrialization, and an optimization of the capture and use of solar energy. This allows for an evolving bioclimatic design, technology and innovation in construction, and an overall improvement of the architectural design.
Construction & Materials SMLsystem is mainly made in wood. In particular, it works with cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels acting as structural elements, in both the horizontal or vertical plans. The module is formed by a structure materialized in spruce crosslaminated timber of visible quality. The horizontal structure consists of cover CLT panels only 60mm thick for the roof and 120mm thick for the floor. These slabs are supported on L-shaped pillars which are transversely braced with CLT beams and vertical CLT panels, used as the main components of the prefabrication idea. The ventilated façade is
The main constructive innovation in SMLsystem is changing the concept of building. SMLsystem is not built, but rather assembled. Its design using industrialized and prefabricated components allows for rapid and easy construction processes.
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Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems
a composed closure in wood (wood + air camera + breathable waterproofing + waterproof board + insulation+ +double gypsum board), which contains a vertical louvers system in the short end walls. These louvres are made of Oregon pine wood and have a dynamic rotation system, which allows for different opening options to get different thermal inertia depending on outdoor conditions. This system is dynamic, and allows the owner to create transition spaces between exterior and interior, by expanding them into the longitudinal module axis, as well as providing solar protection to the openings.
The engineering facilities have been distributed between two main places: the Engineering Box located outside the house (favoring modular design and flexibility) and the technical room located inside the house. The Engineering Box is an approximately 1x13 meters long and 1.5m high space. It is planned as a modular room, as each part can be designed separately and then assembled together on site. Our aim was to design a “plug and play” facility in accordance with the requirements of the competition. It includes the heavy facilities -namely, the domotic and plumbing elements, water supply tank, the PV and the HVAC systems. It is linked to the house by means of an under floor connection. The connection enters the house through the floor of the technical room, which also hosts the DHW and ventilation, both essential facilities for a comfortable house.
The courtyard acts as a compositional and conditioning element in the house; all constructive units (base modules) include a courtyard which divides the space, creating an access of the house, offering lighting and ventilation control and adding great space value. The inclusion of the courtyard is not part of the constructive SMLsystem unit as an element, but it is projected to serve as a guidance and linking space between the modules. The patio will vary in length, as an extension from the façade. In our proposal, the courtyards play an important role in air conditioning, favoring cross ventilation in the interior of the houses. It also acts as a passive system of energy saving and increases its effectiveness through the use of the horizontal and vertical louvers on the façades. As well as reducing excess radiation during certain times of the day, this will provide shade and offer more privacy to the house. Furthermore, the fact that the prototype is largely made of wood, which is a fully recyclable material, allows us to drastically reduce the weight of the building.
The ventilation system is designed to control the CO2 level of the house. It extracts the air from the bathroom and the kitchen and renewed air is driven into the bedroom and living room. A heat exchanger has been installed to recover up to 92% of the thermal energy of the exhaust air. This way, we spare the energy needed to heat or cool the renewed air. The DHW system consists of an accumulator linked to two ultra-high vacuum solar panels installed on the roof. These panels are highly efficient even on cloudy days. The annual coverage of the DHW system is 71% according to estimations. All the solar panels were set in a pack and placed on the top of each module.
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As mentioned earlier, reducing the energy demand is one of the main goals of the SMLsystem. The main challenge of energy efficiency is to reduce power consumption without affecting comfort conditions. Passive systems incorporated into its design minimize the need for and dependence on active systems to cool and heat the house. Also, the efficiency of active systems optimizes the use of energy and reduces the demand. For the HVAC system, a heat pump combined with a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system has been chosen. The operation of the HVAC system for the optimization of consumption compared to generation was linked to a predictive domotic system.
unlink the HVAC system from the outside thermal conditions whenever necessary. Thus, when the outside temperature rises above a certain level, the heat pump can dissipate the heat in the storage tank, while with lower temperatures it can dissipate the heat outside. For example, when the temperature drops at night, the system will reject the heat stored in the tank to the outside. The cold tank will allow a cold storage strategy. The tank can be cooled at night with a good COP for later use when the outside temperature rises. The tanks have been filled with Phase Change Materials (PCM) to guarantee constant temperature in the sink. These tanks allow for the use of different strategies which can be implemented in the domotic system, thereby choosing the best functioning mode given the environmental and use conditions, and favoring low energy consumption
As the performance of a heat pump strongly depends on the temperature of the two sinks, a heat thermal storage tank has been designed to
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without affecting comfort conditions.
An Electrical PV Power Generator system was designed, build and tested at the SMLsystem during Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 competition, to cover purposes of the contest such as: evaluating the prototypes capacity for electrical energy balance in terms of self-sufficiency, low energy consumption and the temporary generation-consumption correlation demanded.
Solar Systems Different configurations of PV Electric Power Generator were simulated and implemented for optimal conditions in particular energy balance applications for the SDE12 competition. The implementation and validation during the two-weeks competition confirmed the design objectives, allowing the necessary autonomy for the prescribed loads, and an optimal temporary generation-consumption correlation. The system was sufficient to cover the energy management flexibility required by the SMLsystem architectural design based on modular design with active PV façades and roof.
Design and evaluation developed in accordance with competition rules, which set out a framework for a kind of nearly-Zero Energy House (nZEH), with the specific criterion of obtaining all the necessary energy from the sun. Other aspects considered in the design of the PV system were: energy demand and disposability, possible grid connection, power installed, adequate battery capacity, Electrical-PV system configuration (AC-coupling and/or DC-
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Singular Systems
coupling), and temporary generation-consumption correlation demanded. In order to achieve an optimal energy balance, the Electrical PV Power Generator system design strategy presented focused on the energy correlation analysis and the efficient management of the energy system, keeping the main load of a nZEH low enough and time-controlled.
The house integrates different technologies to improve its overall energy efficiency. One of these technologies is a predictive system based on artificial neural networks, and developed to create energy saving policies through the automation of systems. In order to implement this predictive system, an artificial neural network (ANN) has been designed to predict indoor temperatures in the short term, from the captured data. The goal is to maintain acceptable comfort conditions inside a home, keeping the lowest possible energy expenditure. The experimental results of the ANN show a high accuracy in predictions and serve as an introduction to controlling the HVAC system (which is the highest energy consumer in a house like the SMLSystem).
The photovoltaic systems were designed to make the SMLsystem a nearly-Zero Energy House (nZEH). A multi-coupling system (AC and DC connections) provides electrical energy from the sun using monocrystalline silicon modules on the roof, CIGS technology on both lateral façades (east and west), and polycristalline in an experimental active pavement. The energy is managed through a bank battery of 6 kWh. All potential photovoltaic areas in the SMLsystem must be exploited and the architecture design is a key issue in the integration of the PV technology. The different orientations of construction elements (roof, floor and façades) require different photovoltaic systems with appropriate energy management strategies.
The research has been focused on how to predict indoor temperature in a house, as it is directly related to HVAC system consumption. HVAC systems represent 53.89% of the overall power consumption in the SMLSystem house.
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Furthermore, in a preliminary analysis of the SMLSystem competition data, the energy used to maintain temperature was found to be 30–38.9% of the energy required to cool it. Therefore, an accurate forecast of indoor temperature could yield to an energy-efficient control. An analysis of time series forecasting methods to predict indoor temperature was performed. A multivariate approach showed encouraging results using ANN models. Significant improvements were found combining indoor temperature with hour categorical variable and sun irradiance. The model achieves an MAE* ≈ 0.11 degrees Celsius (SMAPE* ≈ 0.45%). With these results, we set out to design a predictive control based on the data acquired from ANNs, like the aforementioned example used to calculate indoor temperature, and apply the method to other domestic energy subsystems but not implemented in the current Competition.
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Technical Data of the House: System Nº.7 / 766,0 points Contest 1: Architecture: 95,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 66,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 80,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 95,4 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 85,5 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 100,7 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 60,7 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 48,9 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 44,2 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 81,6 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 8,0 points.
Team name CEU Team Valencia
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type 1 (roof): Policrystalines Modules Type 2 (facade): CIGS thin-film solar technology Area: 51,6 m2
Project Dimensions Net floor area: 56,60 m2 Conditioned Volume: 141,25 m3 House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,13 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,35 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,38 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,60 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,46
Installed PV power: 9,5 kWp Estimated energy production: 18758 kWh/year Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 4602,0 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 81,3 kWh/year per m2
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling system: TypeWater/Water: heat pump Capacity: Heating 1,2 kW / Cooling 1,2 kW Efficiency: Heating COP 4,8 / Cooling COP 4,4 Special fixtures: Hot and Cold storage tanks with Phase Change Materials (PCM)
Energy consumption Characterization: HVAC: 16% Lighting: 10% Fridge: 5% Television: 5% Dishwasher: 4% Washer + Dryer: 27% Oven: 7% Cooking: 8% Building Automation System: 19%
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Air/Air Efficiency: 92% Hot Water System type: Vacuum Tubes (4968 W) Area: 7,8 m2
Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: 14155 kWh/year
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List Of Singular And Innovative Materials And Systems Industrialized and prefabricated components: easy, safe and quick construction processes Sustainable construction solutions: using wood as the predominant material. HVAC system: a heat pump combined with a Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) with Phase Change Materials (PCM). Predictive control system based on artificial neural networks: to establish energy saving policies through Building Automation and Control System (BACS). PV power production system designed for became a nearly-Zero Energy House (nZEH); optimizing low energy consumptions and temporary generationconsumption correlation. CIGS photovoltaic technology at east and west façades. Polycristalline PV in an experimental active pavement. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV): PV modules incorporated in the house architectural design. Cost Construction Cost: 194.856 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 108.860 €
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(E)CO House Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
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Nº.8 / 731,5 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives The (e)co project aims to expand on the original meaning of the word eco, focusing on the importance of this concept. By reviving the origin of “eco”, we will be able to associate it with its dual interpretation in our project, and integrate it into a social and physical/architectural project. On one hand, a deep understanding of the etymological meaning of “Eco-logy” (“oikos”=house + logos=knowledge) presents it as “the relationship between human beings, and between humans and their environment”. This concept is linked to the social part of the project, focusing on the impact of architecture on society and people´s need for a cooperative and integrated process. On the other hand, the etymological meaning of “eco-tono” (oikos=house + tono=tension) can be defined as “the place where ecologic elements are in conflict or tension”, and this is associated with the architectural project. It represents the relationship and filters between different ecosystems. Secondly, the (e)co project aims to give a new meaning of the word “eco”, redefining it as an equilibrium through cooperation. An equilibrium between all fields requiring sustainability, a model based on the harmony between the environment, economy and society, and achieved through cooperation. Environmental Equilibrium. The (e)co house has 3 closed cycles: a material cycle, an energy cycle and a water cycle. • Material cycle: to make (e)co a zero-waste prototype. The construction materials employed incorporate different strategies: to REUSE the exterior industrialized and mechanized skin; to REINTEGRATE wooden modules into the environment; to RECOVER, transforming waste (such as furniture from landfills) into useful objects.
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• Water cycle: to reduce the demand for potable water and rely on recycling systems. Accumulating rain water and gray water to later treat it in wetlands, low energy natural systems with clarification plants which filter and clean water for reuse. The final result is 70% energy saving in potable water through the system. • Energy cycle: to decrease demand and increase energy efficiency. The energy production of the (e)co is achieved through its photovoltaic panels, which cover 100% of the electricity demand, while solar collectors produce hot water and reduce the energy demand by almost 55%. The strategy to reduce consumption is based on making the most of bioclimatic systems through the second skin. Architectural Design ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM. The second main equilibrium aimed at by (e)co project is economic equilibrium. Given the current economic climate, low-cost technical and architectural solutions for the majority of the population are not readily available in genuinely sustainable architecture. The aim here is to accomplish more for less: more sustainability at a lower cost. The best way to lower costs is to be efficient in every process or phase of the project: in its design, its construction and its use. • Design: Efficiency in design entails reinterpreting available resources and technologies in order to innovate and achieve more sustainability without necessarily creating new or advanced technology. Reinterpretation of existing technologies for a cost efficient result, includes transforming a greenhouse used for agriculture into residential housing, or recovering furniture from landfills, etc. • Construction: Economic reduction in the construction process is achieved by using low-cost technology optimized for easy and quick assembly, without the use of heavy machinery. • Use: Low-cost is also achieved by using 95 m2 of unheated buffer spaces. While accepting the advantages of a very low-cost space, the dweller
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will also have to assume that the spaces will meet comfort standards for 20 % of the year.
with different levels of privacy balancing private and public areas. The intermediate spaces are like public places for exchange and socialization, while the inner modules ensure a high level of privacy. • Home automation introduces a new form of interaction between the user and the house. In this scenario, the house provides information which the dweller can use to improve comfort and efficiency.
Social Equilibrium. The (e)co project engages in social equilibrium. This concept involves reconnecting architecture with its inhabitants in order to achieve a more active and conscious use, where dwellers save energy, recycle, lead a sustainable and enjoyable life. (e)co facilitates this exchange through different mechanisms:
Construction & Materials
• The use of 3 identical inhabitable modules in which the user resides according to his/her needs or tastes. The aim is for the dwelling to be readily adaptable to changes in use. It is a flexible and adaptable house for a rapidly changing society. • The intermediate spaces introduce a new way of understanding comfort levels. These spaces vary in light, temperature, and noise levels depending on the day, the hour or the season. They are spaces
The prototype consists of an exterior industrialized skin covering 150 m2, which behaves like a greenhouse in winter and a shading structure during the summer. Beneath this outer skin are three heated and thermally isolated wooden modules, each is 15 m2. We propose a new interpretation of housing based on interconnecting and harmonizing
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components and the balancing of intermediate passive spaces and high performance spaces. (e) co operates like a “box in a box” where each layer has its own characteristics, appropriateness, and requirements. On one hand, the outer skin has to be the primary most effective element, capable of coping with external agents. On the other hand, the inner skin is protected from external agents, but it has to produce high standards of comfort and a low environmental impact.
system shows that industrialized processes are the antithesis of local micro economies, and our reflection on this subject takes shape in the division of the prototype into two basic cycles: • Exterior industrialized module. • Interior organic module. The tension between these two components generates a third entity that we refer to as: • Intermediate space First Skin. Industrialized module. Agricultural greenhouse. The purpose of the first skin (Industrialized module) is to manage the relationship with basic environmental phenomena.
These two entities are architecturally expressed through a “positive tension” between the two building skins. Our analysis of the current economic
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to store solar energy in winter. The greenhouse also includes internal shade screens which can be adapted to meet the needs of the different seasons. This feature, along with the option of opening the polycarbonate skin, transforms the greenhouse into a shaded terrace protected from the sun. The opening of the polycarbonate skin which takes place through the use of big sliding doors, allows for spatial continuity and connects the intermediate area to the exterior. All the solar energy capture systems are integrated into the greenhouse structure. Photovoltaic panels are modulated to cover the ventilation windows at the top of the structure. Solar collectors are located on the south façade following the modular structure of the greenhouse. Second skin: organic material modules. Physical and spacial features.The second building skin (Organic module) defines maximum comfort and quality spaces. Its blueprint occupies the minimum area allowed by the competition regulations regarding climatized spaces: 45m2. The separation and distribution of light and open elements allows for a much easier management of energy and a variety of options for the division of spaces by the user. In addition to all technological and climatic features, plumbing and other facilities, the exterior building skin allows for an organic/ natural design of the interior modules, which are biodegradable and recyclable. This way, the dichotomy between the two defined modules is complete. The three modules are conceived as three volumes for the dweller to define. The three modules incorporate spaces to be used as a bathroom or kitchen. Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems The layout of the electrical, home automation and water facilities is formed by a perimeter ring attached to the outer skin. The lack of a marked out connection between facilities and the interior space of each module, and to the placement of furniture enables the user to adapt the spaces to his/her own needs. The perimeter ring generates flexible and adaptable entry and exit points for the user to change throughout his/her life. The only elements linked to the outer skin are the photovoltaic panels which support the performance of the greenhouse climate increasing air pressure and generating artificial ventilation.
This is achieved by using industrialized systems like an agricultural greenhouse as well as a secondary structure made of industrial materials. In order to make use of the maximum volume at a lower cost, we chose an existing standard greenhouse system from the market. Intermediate spaces. Acclimatization equipment. This first skin acts as a filter. Thanks to its adjustable enclosure walls, it allows the greenhouse to work as an acclimatization device. All the façades are covered with prefabricated, cellular polycarbonate panels. The transparency and proprieties of polycarbonate enables this layer
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The (e)co project aims to generate maximum comfort levels inside the micro climatic space all year round in order to achieve a minimal economic cost and energy consumption. The concept of “useful climate area” is introduced for this purpose. The space is not conditioned, so its comfort depends on the correct use of climatic conditions. This implies the space will be different depending on the time of the day and the season. Therefore the house, with its spaces, varies according to the day and the season. The (e)co uses different passive systems to adapt to environmental changes: the greenhouse effect, ventilation, insulation and shade and vegetation adiabatic process.
This requires the development of different strategies depending on the season. For each system, we distinguish between winter operation and summer operation. The mechanical ventilation of the house draws air from the intermediate spaces (spaces with sufficient air changes per hour). The fact that this air is pre-heated means that its impact on the temperature of the modules will be less than if we drew the air from the outside. Solar Systems Solar electricity is the main energy source of the house. All active systems, in addition to the reinforcement of passive elements, are powered by electricity generated from solar rays falling on the house. The (e)co prototype could therefore be defined as a zero energy building, because it produces all the electricity it needs to operate using renewable sources.
Our climatic support strategy is based on energy capture and accumulation. For the greenhouseshaded house system to be fully efficient, it is necessary to include an energy-storage system, a buffer tank. The greenhouse-shaded house conditions both the intermediate and the indoor spaces when the energy demand is low; the buffer tank helps to condition the house when the demands are at their highest level. Our system uses gravel as a heat source (during the winter) and a heat sink (during the summer). This design takes advantage of moderate temperatures in high-mass objects through inertia or heat storage capacity, to boost efficiency and reduce operational costs of heating and cooling systems. Also, it can be combined with solar heating to form a geosolar system with even greater efficiency and set consistent monitoring based on external conditions.
The (e)co prototype incorporates a unique powergeneration system which uses the energy from the sun through a photovoltaic system. Its location in the mobile upper ailerons means that the efficiency of solar radiation collection is determined by the demand of ventilation inside the greenhouse. This does not require a reduction in the efficiency of the photovoltaic system, quite to the contrary. During the summer, when ventilation demands are high, the flaps are opened in a horizontal position. The sun is high and the angle of solar rays is therefore more vertical. In winter, when ventilation demands are lower, the flaps are closed with a
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Solar Thermal
greater incline in relation to the horizontal angle of solar rays. These different angles favor a varying production of photovoltaic energy according to the angle of the solar rays at each time of the year, causing a greater efficiency in power production.
The solar thermal system works as the main production source for the ACS of the prototype. The installation consists of heat-pipe solar collectors placed in a vertical position in front of the façade, covering 100% of the hot water demand. It includes an electric water heater, also powered by solargenerated electricity to back up consumption peaks exceeding the production at that time. The vertical position of the collectors generates a constant production curve balance throughout the year. This phenomenon is a consequence of the solar radiation angle on the level of uptake. In cases where this angle is most favorable, solar radiation is low because it is winter.
The photovoltaic panels are not incorporated into the enclosed space, but are used to cover the top of the greenhouse, thus reinforcing the integration of active systems into the architecture of the project. The north wing at the ground level also incorporates solar panels. Although these are less efficient because of their orientation, their incline can be varied which increases their efficiency considerably. The purpose of their location, apart from seeking maximum collection efficiency, is to cast a shadow on the highest point of the greenhouse and reduce unwanted overheating stratification in the intermediate space.
However, when solar radiation reaches its upper limits, the angle of incline on the plane of capture becomes less favorable, decreasing the production of hot water and reducing the risk of the system overheating.
The incline of the south mobile wing of the deck´ varies depending on time of year, and according to the needs of ventilation inside the gap. That is, its operation is entirely justified by an increased efficiency of electricity generation and by an improvement in passive cooling of the gap.
In addition, the vacuum tube system chosen for this installation adds several qualities to the facility. These include variability in production according to the requirements of the user, guiding the operation of the collection tubes depending on the needs of the home. Another advantage of using this technology lies in the reduction of the total area to encourage users to maintain the rate of production or even surpass it at times.
The size of photovoltaic system is designed to supply 100% of the power needed in the prototype. The mobility in the horizontal axis of the system added to a detailed study of power consumption allows for a clear optimization of the facility and the resulting reduction in the total usage.
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Technical Data of the House: (E)co House Nº.8 / 731,5 points Contest 1: Architecture: 95,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 67,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 53,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 87,2 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 102,9 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 104,7 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 44,4 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 71,1 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 35,0 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 66,3 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 5,0 points.
Team Name (E)CO Team
Cooling system: Type: Passive precooled air and hybrid ventilation system Cold source: Night ventilation and night sky radiation cooling Additional support 1: Sun protection and thermosymphonic effect ventilation Additional support 2: Air humidification system with vegetation adiabatic solution Thermal storage: Rock deposits
Project Dimensions Gross area: 144,95m2 Intermediated area: 82,00 m2 Net floor area: 46,36 m2 Conditioned Volume: 103,99m3 House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,24 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,19 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,19 W/m2*K External Skin: 2,30 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,59 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,30
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Hybrid system to recover the thermal energy Hot Water System type: Vacuum Tubes Area : 3,3 m2
HVAC Systems HVAC Solution: Only passive and hybrid systems
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: Monocrystalline: Siliken SLK92 M6L Area: 29,24 m2
Heating system: Type: Passive preheated air and hybrid ventilation system Heat source: Direct and indirect solar gains Additional support: Greenhouse effect with the external translucent skin Thermal storage: Rock deposit
Installed PV power: 4,60kWp Estimated energy production: 5564,20 kWh/year
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Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 4620,57 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 99,24 kWh/year per m2
Cost Construction Cost: 150.000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost:110.000 €
Energy consumption Characterization: Kitchen: 56,5% Thermoelectric: 6,3% Solar Pump: 9,5% Ventilation: 5,7% Lighting+ electronic devices: 22,0% Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +943,63 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Flexible and adaptable architectural design. Cumulative thermal mass system. Semi-passive space conditioning system based in ventilation and Thermal Energy Storage (TES) units. Thermal mass deposits cooled by night ventilation and night sky radiation. Vegetation adiabatic strategy, local evaporative cooling plant. Storm water treatment.
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Prispa “Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urbanism + Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest + University Politehnica of Bucharest
9
Nº.9 / 719,1 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives
prefabricated elements, structural simplicity and technology aiming at minimum efforts in its assembly. • ADAPTABLE. Using reconfigurable features in the living space and a modular structure which allows extensions and easy changes in design without losing the general idea of the project. • CONTEXT WISE. By means of design, functions, finishing, independence in use and all of features mentioned above.
Our main goal is redefining innovation, developing low-budget innovation through alternative solutions to expensive systems, and creating more accessible solar houses. PRISPA House is a home created to suit the Romanian Village, a sustainable alternative to rural revival and an opportunity to keep our traditional charm alive: • AFFORDABLE. A project designed to allow the development of a fully equipped industrialized home below 70 000 Euros, the limit set by “Prima Casa” (“First Home” governmental program). • COMFORTABLE. PRISPA is a house all Romanians can relate to, displaying contemporary high-tech living standards without being intimidating. These standards are set according to both legalized European standards of living and Romanian psychological thresholds. The house is a complex structure hidden under a simple concept and design. • EASY TO BUILD. PRISPA makes good use of
Architectural Design PRISPA project set out with a simple house concept, with a very specific mark which is easy to remember: • roof – shield : a dynamic system, offering an active solar surface which defines and protects the living space; • house – living : compact volume, with north-south orientation; • the platform – connection : links the house to the land and other people;
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• “Prispa” – in-between : the transitional space, protected by the roof.
comforts), but it should also keep a touch of the national identity, creating the kind of space Romanians can psychologically understand and relate to. It is all about building an environmentally friendly home that uses technology without being intimidating and helps tear down the walls behind which some people hide when it comes to being part of a community.
“Prispa”, the specific Romanian porch, has been an important part of traditional wooden architecture. For centuries, it has been a key element in the spatial and planimetric composition. There is a strong symbolic dimension attached to this key element in traditional wooden architecture. It marks a turning point between private and public, a gradual transition space between the building (interior, privacy) and nature (exposure), a space to socialize and share experiences. Or, as we usually call it, a place to observe and be observed.
The logic of storage is drawn from tradition and aims to be a solution for the lack of space experienced in urban collective housing. This issue led to improvised attachments and altered living spaces. PRISPA house managed to recover a series of spaces in order to integrate storage into the design, starting from the northern area to the vestibule, the technical room and the split level. Furthermore, part of the furniture has an additional role: for example, the wall / closet between the day area and the private area, and the space under the seats. Thoroughly following PRISPA’s strategy, the architecture of the house must use contemporary technology in a non-threatening
PRISPA House benefits from an universal design approach. Bringing PRISPA house’s accessibility up to standard was done in keeping with the requirements to grant restriction-free access and use of the interior and exterior spaces for permanently or temporarily disabled people. The house has to meet the needs of an average couple (price, ease of living, adaptability, contemporary
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way. Our intention is to use hidden, efficient and low maintenance technology. In order to achieve this, we grouped most of the HVAC systems in the technical room and storage space (only the interior air-air converters were placed on the walls). This approach also helped maximize the efficiency of the kitchen and bathroom plumbing (straight pipes, proximity of water tanks). The photovoltaic system is mounted on the metal roof metallic panels using simple technology and includes its energy converters in this technical area.
Thus, we decided to use I-joists beams (double T-shaped beams with an OSB heart and wooden ends) we prefabricated ourselves. These have an efficient material distribution in section and a very good weight / resistance ratio, while their low weight greatly facilitates handling. The beams are coated on both sides with OSB 4 which uses non-toxic binding agents and adds rigidity to the structural panel. The whole structure will be placed on a boarding platform made from a dense network of I-joist beams. Moreover, this type of beams will also be used to create the roof panels.
Construction & Materials
The materials of PRISPA House are chosen following traditional principles on the one hand, and based on their environmental friendliness on the other hand. Wood is the material used in a greater percentage, in different colors and textures, because it is the most flexible material provided by Nature. In addition to the advantages related to sustainability, wood has several features which make it suitable for its use as the main building material for our house. Its light weight is an advantage which allows prefabricated elements to be easily manipulated both in the production workshop and at the construction site. Another great advantage is that wood may be processed, to be used in a more rational and efficient way.
The envelope is the main innovative element of The envelope is the main innovative element of PRISPA house. The envelope is not merely the skin of the roof, but the element which protects and collects energy from the outside space and transforms it. In order to keep our house easy to assemble and disassemble, and to make expansion possible, the structure of the house had to be modular and simple. The constructive system of PRISPA house is based on two different constructive elements: structural prefabricated panels and transportable modules.
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OSB boards, we introduced a middle red drywall coating which also provides fire protection. Stone is another frequently used material in traditional homes, playing an important thermal mass role, which we exploited further down the process. Metal will be used in different forms – zinc roof system, including eaves fascia board finishing, zinc finish for the mounting and industrialized connectors for structural purposes and other constructive details. Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems One of the very first sales strengths of PRISPA House is natural light and natural ventilation in every space. The house has an optimum compact volume. There are no unused or oversized heated areas. Moreover, the heating system also works towards a minimum loss of energy. The interior air vents are located on the East and West walls so they face the fresh air intake grid, thus producing better ventilation. The interior heated air is fully reused, so the quantity of energy used diminishes. Following the same principle, during winter, from -5 ºC, heating is possible through infrared panels in the living room, bedroom and bathroom. Thermal comfort is also ensured by the strategic placement of shutters in the window system, glass treatment and mineral wool used as insulation.
Also, wood is a material with lower thermal conductivity than other construction materials (like steel or concrete), so the level of thermal bridges is lower. Clay is another material drawn from vernacular architecture. Besides being a natural material, it has hygroscopic properties, so we decided to use for interior wall finish. For it to adhere to the
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code
ARdrawing title
Transversa
date
2012-12-19 phase
D#7
phase description
As Build Documenta sheet
A3 scale
1 : 50 designed
checked
code
AR-21 drawing title
Transversal Sectio
date
2012-12-19 phase
D#7 phase description
As Build Documentation
Solar Systems
Furthermore, since the design of the southern façade allows for thermal substations, thermal balance is achieved through a natural stone thermal mass placed in front of the windows. The layer of dark colored stone stores heat from sun radiation and releases it during the night. Windows are designed so as to ensure a balance between incoming caloric energy and heat reflecting outwards from the inside. Depending on orientation, different treatments were applied to the glass. PRISPA House will use an air-to-air heat exchanger (or heat recovery module) in heat recovery mode to guarantee the fresh air required for hygienic living conditions, and in free-cooling mode (using its bypass) to diminish the heat load during the summer, whenever the external air temperature drops below 20C.
The PV system design is based on the idea of combining traditional Romanian architectural elements with solar active systems. The Photovoltaic System is designed so it can be updated step by step, starting from a simple 16 PV modules system, up to 32 PV modules or more, depending on economic possibilities. Our system includes a single photovoltaic surface, south oriented, located on the roof of the building. We chose an applied system because it offers a large flexibility for the construction of any PV system, even when it is isolated or grid connected. The dimensions of the photovoltaic system respond to the consumption of the house in the most appropriate and realistic way. Consumption devices can be divided into 5 groups: domestic appliances, multimedia, HVAC, lighting and BMS.
Strategic placing of thermal mass materials on the floor, near the South glazed surfaces (stone 1m wide strip) to absorb natural heat from the sun, as well as on the walls (clay finishing for regulating Humidity).
The roof surface serves as the main source of energy and includes 32 PV modules divided into two strings, connected in series to an inverter; in addition, there are 2 solar panels for hot water. The technology of the PV modules was chosen to
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satisfy not only the electrical energy demand of the house, but also meet financial requirements, CO2 emissions, high efficiency and good electrical parameters. Monocrystalline technology has the advantage of using the minimum surface necessary to obtain a maximum energy through high efficiency.
In addition: • It is fully automated to control storage temperature in the accumulator tank. • All the equipment is insulated to minimize heat loss. As solar heating systems can be exposed to temperatures below zero when used in Romania, antifreeze fluids will be used as heat transfer agents. Heat collected by the solar panels is transferred via a water-water coil in the accumulator tank, where it is stored at a temperature of 70°C to eliminate Legionella risks, in accordance with Romanian and EU laws, and store as much heat as the capacity of the tank allows.
The solar thermal system produces heat to be used by the hot water accumulator tank through the following components: 2 flat surface solar panels with a surface of 2 m²² each, a circulation unit, and an insulated pipeline connecting the solar panels to the solar module. Flat solar panels will be used because of the good price - performance ratio. The system is equipped with: • An accumulator tank which includes a water to water coil for the solar circuit and an electric heater to be used as auxiliary energy sources. • A circulation pump that creates a flow in the solar circuit in order to transport heat from the solar panels to the accumulator tank . • Is equipped with an anti-scalding 3-way valve to limit the hot water temperature and avoid injuries.
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Technical Data of the House: Prispa Nº.9 / 719,1 points Contest 1: Architecture: 50,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 68,0points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 97,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 90,6 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 97,1 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 108,0 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 60,7 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 55,1 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 13,3 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 71,4 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 8,0 points.
Team Name Prispa
Secondary heating energy production equipment: Type: Infrared radiant panels
Project Dimensions Gross area (ground level): 107,40 m2 Gross area (split level): 23,15 m2 Net floor area (ground level): 60,55 m2 Net floor area(split level): 17,05 m2 Net floor area (total): 77,60 m2 Conditioned Volume: 240,56m3
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: FALTA Model: WOLF CWL-400 comfort domestic ventilation system Efficiency: 95% (Max) Hot Water System type: Flat plate collectors Model: H1T Sunerg Area: 4,0 m2 Electrical Energy Production Type: Si-Monocrystalin module Model: XM60/156-250 Black Series by Sunerg Solar Area: 55 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,15 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,14 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,17 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,81 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,41 HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling energy production equipment: Type: Air/Air heat pump Model: Samsung RJ052F3HXEA Capacity: Heating 5,2 kW / Cooling 5,2 kW Efficiency: Heating: COP 4,5 / Cooling COP 4,5
Installed PV power: 8,0 kWp Estimated energy production: 11594 kWh/year (Madrid), 9501 kWh/year (Bucharest) Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 6277 kWh/year (Madrid) 7349 kWh/year (Bucharest)
Terminal units: Type: Samsung AQV09PSBN
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Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 94,7 kWh/year per m2 (Madrid) 80,9 kWh/year per m2 (Bucharest)
List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Thermal mass. Clay wall and granite stone strip in front of the south glazing areas working in conjunction with the infra-red radiant heating panels to conditioning the house at heating periods. Passive heating: the granite stone strip receives heat from the sun during the winter through the glazed surfaces from the south. Humidity regulation based in clay wall finishing. Passive ventilation: in addition to the cross ventilation, the roof slope facilities that the hot air exits the house due to the thermosyphoning effect. PV natural cooling system: when the wind hits the top of the roof create a low pressure zone and force the air to flow below the PV panels cooling them and assuring a better energy production.
Estimated HVAC energy consumption: 22,23 kWh/year per m2 (Madrid) 40,10 kWh/year per m2 (Bucharest) Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 22,46 % Cooling: 10,29 % Ventilation: 2,37 % Domestic Hot Water: 11,55 % Lighting: 7,08 % Appliances and Devices: 46,26 % Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +5 316 kWh/year (Madrid) +2151 kWh/year (Bucharest)
Cost Construction Cost: 125.000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 70.000 €
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Fold Technical University of Denmark 10
Nº.10 / 715,5 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives FOLD is naive... it believes in the dream of a greener world. a world of responsibility towards nature and culture. culture is the ultimate offspring of Nature. It EMBRACES the conditions given to it by birth. like any other responsible parent, Nature provides culture with its resources. to make the most of Nature, culture has to TUNE in to the premises of Nature. adapt. adjust. reenact. play with its parental heritage. grow up, learning from Nature and going beyond to become strong. responsible. sometimes an annoying overachiever. but when it boils down to basic values, culture always keeps its head cool and remembers its childhood lessons: always SHARE the good stuff with your friends. ... and be realistic.
emphasizes the geometry of FOLD, while the atmosphere of the living space endeavors to convey a feeling of Scandinavia combined with site-specific Spanish needs. FOLD is the vision of merging technical features of today with the aesthetics and responsibilities of tomorrow. The concept of FOLD is a three step strategy: The model folds up around the family to protect it and provide it with local natural resources. • EMBRACE. Climatic conditions change according to geographical locations, but one thing is common: The sun is always the greatest source of energy. It defines the natural resources of the model. These resources vary depending on the geographical context, and when it comes to creating a shelter, the designer incorporates solar, biological, economical, ecological and cultural resources in the design. The shelter is created by folding all integrated resources, like a protective membrane, around the family.
FOLD is a vision of the ground folding and wrapping all its climatic, social, biological and ecological resources around family to create a shelter and a living space. Resources are transformed into different features and incorporated into the surfaces of FOLD: solar cells on the roof produce electricity and heat for hot water. The largest façade is a vertical garden, while the smallest façade contributes to the urban cityscape with its lighting. On the inside, FOLD comprises of one big living space. Only the “superfurniture” – a technical core with all the essential features including bathroom, technical room and kitchen – has a fixed position in the flexible space. The interior cladding
• TUNE. FOLD can take on countless configurations. The size, incline, and orientation of the different surfaces are adjusted to the site´s specific resources. All surfaces are optimized to function for that specific context. In Madrid. the optimal surface functions are photovoltaics on
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the roof for renewable energy production, a green wall for the urban microclimate and a light wall to increase security in the urban space.
The triangle is a three-step method to reduce the energy consumption of a house. The method describes the three steps necessary to create low energy consumption buildings - or energy-plus houses like FOLD. It is developed with Integrated Energy Design (IED) as its starting point. The three steps follow a hierarchical structure:
• SHARE. Sustainable living is a collective mindset which engages everyone. It calls for responsibility and awareness. Society is a delicate organism, and every individual is a crucial part of the sustainable project. This project is all about how we manage resources. And the only sensible thing is to allocate surplus resources to places with less resources. Establishing this kind of solar democracy addresses all three aspects of the general sustainability concept: economy, society and environment.
• REDUCE: The first step is to reduce energy consumption by limiting unwanted heat loss and gain by means of improved geometry and the transparency of the building envelope. • OPTIMIZE: We then optimize the necessary systems. This might be an additional cost in the building budget, but operating costs will be significantly reduced.
Architectural Design
• PRODUCE: Finally, the building becomes a net zero energy building through integrated energy production methods.
FOLD believes in both an inspiring architecture and high energy performance - and it believes that these two primary visions are not contradictory. In fact, the architectural narrative can be directly translated into the method applied to obtain the optimal energy balance of the house: The REDUCE - OPTIMIZE - PRODUCE triangle.
The architectural narrative of EMBRACE - TUNE - SHARE develops from these three steps and therefore incorporates energetic design as a central element of the architectural design. Team
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DTU understands architecture as an umbrella concept, which is only successfully carried out if all aspects of the sustainability concept are addressed. • EMBRACE equals REDUCE. EMBRACING the local resources and incorporating them into the surfaces of FOLD requires an analysis of the societal, environmental and economic conditions of the building design. The geometry of FOLD responds to these conditions. A similar analysis is developed with regards to the energy design: The climatic conditions shape the optimal geometry, orientation, daylight conditions etc. to reduce the energy consumption. • TUNE equals OPTIMIZE. TUNING FOLD to fit the specific model is for architecture, what OPTIMIZE is for energy design. TUNE increases the architectural value of local resources, while OPTIMIZE is a specific action taken with regards to components and installations. • SHARE equals PRODUCE. Through the SHARE dimension of FOLD, a principle of SOLAR DEMOCRACY is established. However, this dimension is worthless without the PRODUCING strategies in the method triangle. The PRODUCING part of the energy design allows for the SHARE dimension of the architectural narrative.
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Thus, the architectural narrative is a poetic story about how we create sustainable living on a larger scale - but it is also a story about turning the largescale vision into feasible results. The first thing on the to-do list for a sustainable built environment is an analysis of the context including the identification of predominantly available resources. The geometry of the house the configuration of the folded design – is essential for the optimal utilization of resources. The folding offers a great flexibility, which is crucial for embracing the local natural resources.
using a predominant natural resource: 1. The roof is covered with PVTs to supply the house with electricity and heat for hot water from solar energy. 2. The western facade displays “green jewelry”: Patches of vegetation contribute to the urban microclimate and to the quality of life of residents. 3. The eastern facade presents itself as an occasional urban light source, reflecting the location of installations in the technical core of the house and contributing to the urban space with urban lighting.
Tuning FOLD to fit the local climatic conditions means adjusting geometry to fit the design. Surfaces are assigned specific functions – once again, selected keeping in mind predominant local resources. In the case of Madrid, the exterior surfaces are optimized for different purposes, each
4. The surface covering the ground is used for floor heating, making use of the heat from the ground, and contributing to the energy balance of the house.
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Construction & Materials
effecting the heating mode. No active shading systems were designed and installed in the house. The structural spine of FOLD is what we call the ”superfurniture”: the technical core. The technical core is also built of Kerto wood, and is the only structurally supporting element inside the house. The technical core is equipped with all the essential features of the house; bathroom, toilet, technical room and kitchen. It is the ”brain of the house”, so to speak, and fits into a single standard container, enabling pre-fabrication to keep the cost down. Inside the house there is one big space combining the kitchen, living room and bedroom areas. The shower and toilet areas are partially separated through the use of partitions. The technical room is completely isolated from the main indoor space, and has its own separate entrance. The wall between the technical room and the indoor space has the same level of insulation as the outside walls. The reason for separating the technical room is to limit the heat released by the machinery and equipment inside the room from entering the main indoor space. The technical room is partly exposed to the outdoor air temperature through the implementation of a natural ventilation system.
The construction design will be optimized so as to minimize the use of materials. In order to make the design as appealing as possible and to meet the requirements of different countries, it will be possible to change façade elements, such as glazing, windows and even the insulation thickness. This adaptability gives an additional flexibility to the house so it can be used in a wide range of circumstances and locations, without using unnecessary materials or creating the need for costly fittings. As part of the design of the constructive system, the method of Cost of Conserved Energy (CCE) is used. The CCE method will help the optimization and selection of elements which can be further optimized when it comes to comparing material use and price of each component. Since the pavilion is supposed to be reassembled many times during its lifetime, the elements and connections are specifically designed for this purpose, e.g. to be airtight. A lack of airtightness in construction and installation holes can increase the risk of moisture in construction and also affect the air quality in the house. All installation holes and construction joints are airtight to guarantee the best results for the climate of the house.
Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems FOLD is an energy plus house which produces more energy than it consumes. Surplus energy is distributed to surrounding structures through a connection to the local grid. This enables FOLD to share surplus electricity and heat production with non-energy plus houses, optimizing the community´s energy balance. Furthermore, FOLD also shares its light through a light wall. Research shows that a well-lit urban space is safer, as it prevents trespassing, burglary and assaults.
The design of the house aims to minimize unwanted heat gain from the environment, and makes use of the best possible placement for PV/T panels on the roof. The larger glazing facade of the house is oriented north, on a 19° degree incline facing west. The house is made of light-weight wooden slats. Walls, roof and floor structures are built by placing the slats next to each other and sealing the joints. The glazed sides on the southern and northern sides are inserted later, sealing the joints between the glazing frame and the structure. The house is supported on 20-30 cm concrete blocks.
The key features of FOLD have one thing in common: they take energy efficiency and ”liveability” to a new level. They are part of the main strategy to create the sustainable house of tomorrow, today! They are so integrated into the architectural, structural and energy narrative of FOLD that they become its defining factors. FOLD would not be FOLD without these features.
The elements in the house are made of layers of Kerto board (laminated veneer lumber) and mineral wool insulation material. The house has two types of insulation: 20 cm of conventional mineral wool insulation (manufactured by Rockwool) and 8 cm of compressed mineral wool insulation (Aerowolle, manufactured by Rockwool).
The heating and cooling system of the house is also a unique solution specifically developed for FOLD. Traditional floor heating panels are placed on both floor and ceiling surfaces. The ground is used as a heat sink while a calibrated control system guarantees the optimal performance of the HVAC system as a whole, ensuring a precise interplay between components.
Large glazed surfaces on the southern and northern sides of the house are covered by overhangs, which protect the house from direct radiation during the summer. For the winter season direct radiation enters the house, favorably
The ideal design of the house should enable
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autonomous performance. The maximum amount of energy should be produced while the least amount of energy should be consumed to run the house and its appliances.
natural ventilation systems are installed. Since the natural ventilation doesn’t consume energy, it is preferable to mechanical ventilation. Solar Systems
The cooling and heating system of the house is water-based, with a low-temperature heating and high-temperature cooling concept. The thermal energy source used is a ground heat exchanger. During the heating season, ground thermal energy is boosted through a heat pump to reach the required water supply temperature. For the cooling season it is assumed that the ground temperature is able to provide enough cooling capacity for the house, thus bypassing the need for any additional mechanical cooling devices.
Electrical energy production is based on 67,8m2 PVT (photovoltaic thermal) installed on the roof, with a 8° and 16° incline. The maximal electrical power is 9,8 kWp for normal operation conditions and the module efficiency is 15,8% at the STC. The thermal part works with a nominal efficiency of 42,2% and factually cools down the cells during operation. The extracted heat is transferred to a DHW tank or to the bore hole, depending on the decision of the control logic based on what is better at any particular moment. This way, the active roof area is more effectively used, and the PVT modules serve as a final roof envelope to replace conventional cladding or tiles.
The house requires the functioning of a large amount of machinery and equipment. All this equipment releases heat into the environment. Given the need to limit heat production in the house, one possible solution is to isolate all equipment which is not used by occupants on a daily basis. This equipment is placed in the technical room, which has no direct connection to the inside area. To regulate air quality in the house, mechanical and
Almost 70 m2 of customized photovoltaic thermal (PVT) modules cover the roof of the FOLD, with an 18° incline. The angle chosen is the optimal angle considering several parameters such as the Solar Envelope, heat gains from direct sunlight and optimization of the roof area available.
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The aesthetic concept of the house follows an enveloping fold and a uniform, slim structure. The photovoltaic design therefore aims to integrate the modules into the construction. This means the PVT modules are a substitute for regular roof covering. The integrated PVT panels are designed to create a energy plus house, but always in line with the aesthetic concept of the FOLD.
textured glass will give 3 % extra efficiency under IEC 61215. The concept is shown in Figure 1Textured glass visualizing reduction in reflection and the light trapping effect. What´s more, from an aesthetic point of view, the textured glass will give the house a unique appearance, different from regular blank PV modules. The textured surface makes the PV modules look like solid components and fascinates observers. The solar cells from RAcell make up a unique system developed entirely for FOLD. The elegant monocrystalline silicon solar cells cover not only the roof – but also the hot water system underneath the solar cells. This PVT system provides the house with electricity as well as heat for hot water. And it is only 86 mm thick.
Integrating PV modules generated a series of demands for PV cooling and its performance. As the FOLD has a slim structure, there will not be an air gap under the PV modules big enough to sufficiently cool the PV, so the system is made into a hybrid system through the use of PVT. The thermal part will be able to cool the PV and maintain a high level of efficiency in the cells. Apart from cooling the PV modules, the thermal part will also provide heat to the DWH tank. The final assembly consists of Sunpower a-300 monocrystalline cells, textured glass Albarino G from Saint Gobain, and embedded copper pipes in absorber plates. The textured glass from Saint Gobain will minimize reflection of incoming light. The reflected light will strike the glass surface, reducing the final reflection. The Saint Gobain
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Technical Data of the House: Fold Nº.10 / 715,5 points Contest 1: Architecture: 60,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 65,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 75,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 83,9 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 96,8 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 106,4 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 51,8 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 64,9 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 32,9 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 71,4 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 7,5 points.
Team Name Team DTU
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Integrated in the Nilan -Unit Compact-P+JVP Efficiency: 80%
Project Dimensions Gross area: 76,8 m2 Net floor area: 66,5 m2 Conditioned Volume: 200,0 m3
Hot Water System type: Custom PVT modules Area: 70 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,09 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,09 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,09 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,04 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,65
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: RAcell custom PVT modules Components: A-300 solar cells from Sunpower and SGG Albarino G glass Area: 70 m2 Installed PV power: 8,20 kWp Estimated energy production: 11391 kWh/year
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling/Ventilation system:
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 6052 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 91 kWh/year per m2
Energy production equipment: Type: Compact Heat pump Model: Nilan -Unit Compact-P+JVP Capacity Heating: 7,75 kW / Cooling system 7,10 kW Efficiency: COP 2,74 / EER 2,41
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 9% Cooling: 17% Ventilation: 5% Domestic Hot Water: 8% Lighting: 24% Appliances and Devices: 37%
Terminal Unit: Type: Radiant floor and ceiling Model: Uponor Gulvvarmesystem 17 (floor) and Gulvvarmesystem 12 (ceiling)
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Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +14.392 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Custom PVT system with high efficiency solar cells and patterned glass to increase energy transmittance. PV are cooled with water, the removed heat is used for the house DHW. Building Integration Photovoltaics (BIPV). The PVT panels are seamless integrated in the house architecture. Integrated monitoring and control system (HVAC, light, etc.) based on iPad with feed-back on energy consumption and indoor environment to the occupants. Aerowolle insulation: high performance composite of aerogel and mineral wool from Rockwool. Dishwasher waste heat is recovered by the heat pump. Ground Heat Exchanger and Ground Source Heat Pump (GHEX and GSHP). Cost Construction Cost: 319.225 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 212.000 €
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Para Eco-House Tongji University
11
Nº.11 / 686,9 points
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Introduction & Project Main Objectives The Para Eco-House introduces both parametric and ecological strategies into the logic of the architectural language used in house design. Combining the “Active” and “Passive” environmental systems in a symbiotic relationship, the two philosophies merge and benefit from their mutual interaction. Beyond functional and environmental requirements, we create a model for a low-carbon future. Architectural Design 1. The design of the Para Eco-House space dynamically combines a solar energy system on the roof, a mist spraying system on a semi-open space, a vertical garden, shading, and a ventilation system on the western façade. 2. The living box consists of a living room, bedroom, kitchen, etc, aiming for meticulous space logic and the advantages of a minimum shape coefficient. The best option is a rectangle facing south. 3. The living room and bedroom are more dynamic and need more sunshine in the morning, while the equipment is integrated into 2 smart cores, placed in the center of the box and divided by a patio. The interior space flows freely around this patio. 4. Because of the spatial form, the challenge of building the living space is minimized. The living box is divided into ten 1.2-meter-wide standard modules, which can be easily extended. Highperformance VIP insulation board is filled into a bamboo structural skeleton, and protected with sunsheet decoration. 5. The semi-open space is covered by the energy skin, and is connected with with the living box which goes through the skin and opens to the lake view. The skin also covers the platform on the south, north, and the wetland on the western
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side. Passive ecological strategies are applied on the semi-open space, pre-adjusting temperature and humidity, reducing energy consumption and providing natural heating-cooling source.
3. The furniture is made of bamboo panels, using low-carbon production. Bamboo is one the fastest growing plants on earth. Its maturation takes only 5-6 years, while trees take decades or even hundreds of years. Bamboo can naturally regenerate after logging without replanting. Using bamboo as the furniture material can both enhance the efficiency of natural material and protect the environment.
6. The Para-Eco skin covering the semi-open space is made of eco-bamboo plywood creating a rhombus texture, connected with stainless steel joints. The patent bamboo material has the advantage of being low-carbon and high-strength. It provides shade and integrates the energy system, water system, ventilation system and green system into one structure. It favors the environment in both active and passive strategies.
4. Bamboo is a highly renewable resource with a short life span. It will not harm the ecoenvironment, but improve the regeneration of bamboo forests under a reasonable harvest.
Construction & Materials
Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems
1. The core material of the Para Eco-House wall is VIP thermal. Considering the efficiency of this air-tight enclosure, we designed a wooden double skeleton frame to place the VIP thermal inside the frame and prevent it from potential damage.
1. Given the dry climate and huge temperature difference between day and night in Madrid, this system integrates an air source pump and water source pump to achieve maximum energy efficiency, with a hierarchical energy consumption and with the benefit of using renewable energy in composites.
2. A vacuum insulated panel (VIP) consists of an almost air-tight enclosure surrounding a rigid core, from which air has been extracted. The thermal conductivity of VIP is about 0.004W/m.k. Its insulation performance is about five to ten times better than conventional insulation.
2. The water can recover the waste heat from the PV and the heat pump cooling module, and then release the heat into the heat pump for heating and into the environment through conduction,
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convection and long wave radiation. This system can be expanded to use ground-water source, surface water source. etc. It can be applied to most regions to make better use of renewable energy.
Tongji Team, ensures the PV panels will keep the optimum tilt angle and prevent mutual shading. 4. A motorized axis system has been developed to ensure the solar panels are directly oriented toward the sun throughout the day. Para EcoHouse is equipped with a single axis system which enhances the operating efficiency up to 25%.
3. DESICA is used to manage the latent heat load. Meanwhile, the dual source heat pump can supply energy to eliminate sensible heat load. This system can improve the efficiency of both the heat pump and the humidity control unit.
5. PVT is an integrated system of PV and solar collector. This system can use water to cool the PV cells for a better conversion efficiency. Warm water can be stored in the tanks and later used for HP or interior heating directly. It enables the multi-use of the solar energy to maximize the use of energy.
4. Model A and B will alternate automatically for continuous dehumidification and regeneration. The air system helps to build a safe, healthy and comfortable home. Solar Systems 1. Photovoltaics are the best known method for generating electric power using solar cells to transform solar energy into a flow of electrons. 2. Our House includes 42 panels placed on the roof. We have also generated an algorithm and a mechanical base to optimize their orientation depending on the time of day and the season as well as preventing panels from casting shadows on one another. 3. The solar tracking system, designed by the
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Technical Data of the House: Para Eco-House Nº.11 / 686,9 points Contest 1: Architecture: 70,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 46,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 63,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 79,7 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 105,2 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 114,9 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 59,3 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 48,0 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 32,4 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 66,3 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 2,0 points.
Team Name Tongji Team
Remark: Direct free cooling and free heating using hot and cold water deposits.
Project Dimensions Gross area: 65,2m2 Net floor area: 61,6 m2 Conditioned Volume: 133,9 m3
Terminal Unit: Type: Air Handling Unit Model: MHW015A by McQuary Hot Water System type: Flat plate solar collector Area: 6,4 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,13 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,13 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,13 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,20 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC)
Electrical Energy Production Modules type: PVT hybid modules by Singyes Solar Area: 56,65 m2 Remark: PV tracking system
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling energy production equipment: Type 1: Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) Model: New product based on NRZQA56AV2C by DAIKIN (China) Capacity: Heating 5,75 kW / Cooling 5,12kW Efficiency: Heating COP 4,96 / Cooling COP 3,26
Installed PV power: 8,76 kWp Estimated energy production: 12802 kWh/year Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 4274 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 76 kWh/year per m2
Type 2: Heat pump Model: NRZQA56AV2C by DAIKIN (China) Capacity: Heating 5,75 kW / Cooling 5,12 kW Efficiency: Heating COP 4,96 / Cooling COP 3,26
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 9 % Cooling: 26 % Ventilation: 1 %
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Domestic Hot Water: 4 % Lighting: 13 % Appliances and Devices: 47 %
Cost Construction Cost: 287.000 € Industrialized Estimate Cost: 240.000 €
Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +8528 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Photovoltaic thermal hybrid solar collectors (PVT). PV Tracking System. Water Source Heat Pump (WSHP) with Heat Recovery Unit. Evaporating Water Cooling. Mist Spraying System. Thermal Pressure Ventilation. Gray Water Treatment. Wetland Filter System. Rain Water Harvesting. Smart Building Automation and Control System (BACS). Architectural Shading. Composite Skin System. Thermal Wall with vacuum insulation panels (VIP). Vertical Greenery (Green Wall). Bamboo Structure and furniture.
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Ekihouse Universidad del País Vasco (Euskel Herriko Unibertsitatea)
12
Nº.12 / 684,2 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives
The main characteristic of the Ekihouse is its flexibility. Double skin facades (north and south) can have different configurations in order to adapt to exterior climatic conditions. Inner space is also flexible, so users can modify it depending on their respective needs.
Ekihouse is a house designed for the 21st century, conceived to meet the needs of today. But, how is it special? Ekihouse is a solar house. Not only because of its use of solar panels, but because its shape is designed to take advantage of the sun. It has been consciously constructed to make maximum use of bioclimatic strategies.
In addition to this, systems and materials have also been selected for the lowest energy consumption. The main strategy of the house is to reduce energy needs, take advantage of the natural resources of the area and use innovative systems to create the proper conditions for living.
Energy demands are increasing and the environment cannot provide for them anymore. This has prompted attempts to lower energy expenditure as much as possible through passive and active systems.
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Architectural Design The whole house is designed to lower the expenditure of energy. This is achieved through the shape and the design of the house, both of which were analyzed at the beginning of the project. The house is constructed to make use of solar energy during winter and provide shade during the summer. The purpose is to decrease the demands for active solar mechanisms. In order to do so, complicated operations were avoided. Ekihouse is in the shape of a prism, that is, a form which permits a minimum loss of heat and coolness. In addition, we decided to open both northern and southern facades to get natural light for as many hours as possible in order to save electricity. These openings will also help with cross-ventilation. The technical rooms are located on the other two sides -the western and eastern facades- next to the kitchen and the bathroom. This way, energy flows through the shortest path.
a glazed surface while the exterior features perforated steel panels. Different-sized perforations create a personalized pattern as well as helping control the amount of sun entering the interior. These layers are movable, so the house can have different configurations in order to adapt to exterior climactic conditions. Taking the concept of flexibility further, the house can even be opened up to the terrace completely. The design of the structure forms a continuous interior space, and the furniture is adaptable, allowing the user to move pieces in different arrangements according to situational requirements.
Flexibility. To achieve the main objective, the house has a flexible design which can be adapted to meet the requirements of the climate and the user. This adaptability ensures suitable conditions inside the house, during winter and summer.
Conscious Design. A conscious design is the team’s strategy to reduce energy needs, making all areas of the house more efficient.
One of the innovative systems introduced are double layered facades. The interior skin has
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The house is designed to be transported by standard trucks in two modules, thus reducing energy costs in transportation.
stability without the use of chemicals. The house is lit with natural light during the day, taking advantage of south and north glazed facades. At night, highly efficient artificial lighting systems are used, including LED technology, generating more light while using less energy.
The over-hanging roof in the south facade allows the sun to enter the house during the winter to warm it up, while in summer it helps keep the house shaded to reduce the temperature. Therefore, the solar roof, where photovoltaic panels are located, includes both active electricity production and passive bioclimatic devices. Another innovative system is the exterior Termogenik wood flooring. This is wood which has been thermally treated, improving its durability and
Construction & Materials Ekihouse is a solar house that meets all the requirements of its occupants, from energy demands to maximum comfort, through generous, obstacle-free spaces created inside the envelope.
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The two wide windows provide permanent natural light, controlling the sunlight through several steel sheets on the facade, outside the window. The solar roof also provides efficient shading which opens up over the entire facade on sunny days, reducing excessive solar radiation.
systems which contribute to improve the comfort level of the house. All the furniture inside the house is designed for flexible arrangement in order to meet the needs of the owner. Central pieces of furniture and even the kitchen equipment can be adapted to meet different requirements during the day. The bed, the desk, the table, the seats can all be moved… The only limit is the imagination of the user!
The north facade is specially insulated for wintery days, when the heating demand increases. These needs can additionally be met by opening the south facade and letting the heat from the sun into the house. Every strategy is designed following bioclimatic concepts, and is combined with other active
In addition to the shape and the energy systems of the house, another essential feature has been thoroughly studied: industrialized construction
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and easy transportation. This is one of the main premises of the present competition, making the house adaptable for any situation and place.
fully configurable, eliminating the need for air conditioning systems: during the summer, the low temperature conditions of the north facade are used to cool the house, and in winter the windows of the south facade allow for significant solar activity. At times of peak temperatures where passive solutions are not enough to provide comfort, air conditioning is incorporated using lowpower systems.
Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems The main and only source of power generation in the EKIHOUSE are photovoltaic panels, which are integrated into the exterior surface of the house. This way, the house is self sufficient when it comes to the energy requirements of the user for carrying out all daily activities. With regards to the consumption of energy inside the house, strategies have been studied for all systems, with the aim of achieving minimum costs in energy consumption and improving climatic conditions as much as possible with passive strategies. Therefore, we will only have electrical consumption when needed.
VENTILATION. Given the characteristics of the facades of the house and their arrangement, cross ventilation can occur naturally. WATER. A grey water purification system is included for its reuse it in irrigation, etc. The devices used have low energy consumption. The work of the pumps is reduced given the proximity between its storage area and points of use.
LIGHTING. So as to not waste energy, the position of light fixtures was determined by the availability of light after studying the accessible natural light during daylight hours.
APPLIANCES. All appliances used in EKIHOUSE comply with A and B labeling, which guarantees up to 30% energy savings. Solar Systems
CLIMATIZATION. The house makes optimal use of climatic conditions in every orientation, as the north and south facades of the house are
Active systems are usually extraneous elements in
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architecture, added to buildings once the design is completed. In this project, architects and engineers worked together in order to completely integrate the systems into the design. In the Ekihouse, solar panels support passive strategies. These panels protrude from the house providing shade during the summer, when solar radiation is not needed, and help to bring down high temperatures. They also create the terrace space.
and A-214P panels). The cabling will comply with the minimum standards set out in the general regulations. PV Panels. The Atersa A-214P PV panels have 60 polycrystalline tempered glass solar cells in series. Under standard test conditions of 1 kW/ m2 of solar irradiance (Air Mass 1.5) and 25°C cell temperature, they typically give a maximum power of 214Wp.
The photovoltaic system was specifically designed to provide electric energy to the Ekihouse taking into account its architectural requirements and the solar radiation and temperature conditions of Madrid. In general terms, the photovoltaic system consists of two independent production units. Each unit has been developed around an inverter and 56 panels arranged in four strings forming the photovoltaic unit array. This individual configuration had been chosen in order to provide a maximum power tracker by string.
Inverters. Two INVERSOR CICLO transformers have been considered. Monitoring Devices. The inverter is equipped with a communications port RS485 which can be connected to a computer to obtain all important data, such as energy produced, solar radiation, ambient temperature, and any problems that may arise. Maximum Power and Energy Production Forecast. Regarding the assessment of the daily peak of production and the total energy provided by the PV system, a methodology has been used involving a calculation with PVGIS.
Following the PV Technology Limitations, the photovoltaic system designed for the EKIHOUSE has a nominal power output of 11984W. The main elements used as inverters, panels, etc. will be supplied by ATERSA (Ciclo-6000 inverters
Solar Thermal Design. The estimated peak
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demands to be met are: 3.35 kW of heating power, 1.84 kW of cooling power and 1.12 kW of power for domestic hot water, keeping in mind a water supply network at 12°C and output of hot water at 60°C. Ventilation flow of 1 renewal / hour has also been considered. To cover this demand, we propose the following: firstly, we designed an installation for the annual coverage of demands, and secondly, another installation was considered to cover the period of the competition (which is similar to the annual demand, but simplified), and which will be used in the competition stage. We have proposed a system based on solar thermal and heat pump support, to satisfy both heating and cooling demands, as well as DHW production. The main elements are: 3 SOLAR COLLECTORS, a HEATER, an ACCUMULATOR TANK, a HEAT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (heating module of five tubes of air dispersion), a CYLINDER for DHW heating, a HEAT PUMP, and all hydraulic fittings (expansion vessel, pumps, valves ...). Priority was given to the solar panels rather than the heat pump. With regard to heating, the air that reaches the heat pump is preheated by solar panels. The heating system is fed with a buffer tank which is not the same as the heat pump tank. This system is designed to cover the basic demands, and the three solar panels will be enough to exceed it, but this excess is solved with the storage and the heater. In case heating or DHW demands are not covered by the solar thermal, the shortfall will be covered by the heat pump.
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Technical Data of the House: Ekihouse Nº.12 / 684,2 points Contest 1: Architecture: 70,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 58,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 57,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 73,5 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 91,6 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 111,1 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 44,4 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 63,1 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 31,0 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 76,5 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 8,0 points.
Team name EHU Team
Hot Water System type: Flat collector ROTH Heliostar Area: 2,18 m2 Features: Accumulator-exchanger by ALDER
Project Dimensions Gross area: 89,13 m2 Net floor area: 54,60 m2 Conditioned Volume: 169,04 m3
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: ATERSA A-214P PV Area: 91,28 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,33 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,27 W W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,24 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,00 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,24 (south) 0,44 (north)
Installed PV power: 11,98 kWp Estimated energy production: 10000 kWh/year Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 5993 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 91,45 kWh/year per m2
HVAC Systems Heating energy production equipment: Strategic: Solar thermal collector + heat pump support + accumulator exchanger Solar collector: Flat collector ROTH Heliostar Heat pump (HP): Compact Air/Water heat pump with energy recovery ventilation system HP Model: TZEN 4000 provided by ALDER HP Capacity: Heating 2,2kW / Cooling 2,0 KW HP Efficiency: Heating COP 3,7 / Cooling EER 3,6 Features: Accumulator-exchanger by ALDER
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 18,2 % Cooling: 18,2 % Domestic Hot Water: 20,0 % Lighting: 13,0 % Appliances and Devices: 25,2 % Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +9992 kWh/year
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List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems High quality glasses with specifications tailored to each orientation. North-south orientation of the house: taking advance of the sun radiation as well as natural ventilation. Control of the direct sunlight radiation on the interior spaces: In south orientation the mobile PV roof provides shadow in summer and permits solar gains in winter. Evaporative cooling system: to improve the summer thermal sensation by means of increase the humidity level. Sliding panel system over glass façades: reduce thermal losses (winter) / sun protection (summer). Wastewater treatment. Dry construction and assembly housing system. Building Automation and Control System (BACS). Cost Construction Cost: 234.020€ Industrialized Estimate Cost: 219.873€
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Sumbiosi Bordeaux University
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Nº.13 / 674,8 points
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Introduction & Project Main Objectives Its name is of ancient Greek origin “Sumbiôsis”, which means the intimate and resilient relationship between two beings. A perfectly suitable choice for the spirit of this habitat of the future which aims to create a symbiosis between the inhabitant and the home, the home and the environment, and the inhabitant and the environment to enable then to all live together in harmony. SUMBIOSI optimizes all the technological systems of the building in order to use as little energy as possible while minimizing its overall impact on the environment. SUMBIOSI is a house that connects with the individual and the environment. The whole structure is designed to provide the best living environment based on the time of the day, the season, or the occasion. The space can be modified thanks to the modularity of the design which allows this small house to function like a bigger one, with a real study and a guest room. The design process has basically followed bioclimatic principles in order to create the most sustainable house which can manage energy independently. SUMBIOSI is a house that can be adapted to create the best living environment possible. The house is visualized as an open space that can be opened, closed and divided depending on the season, the time of the day, or the occasion. Through this flexible space, SUMBIOSI presents a new way of life connected to the environment and nature. SUMBIOSI aims to reduce urban spread as it allows more activity in a smaller space because of its modular nature. All the materials have been chosen from as close to the building site as possible, so as to minimize the energy balance and that is why SUMBIOSI is made mainly of wood, from the building structure to the furniture. The results from research into energy savings were integrated into all the technological innovations. They are structured around three main points: The energy is generated by an innovative solar system which follows the sun with trackers making it converge on a reduced photovoltaic area using Fresnel lenses. The energy is provided by a solar system that makes use of Fresnel lenses to bring together the equivalent of 500 times the sun rays so as to reduce the area of photovoltaic panels needed. A tracking system completes this technology to optimize the efficiency of the system.
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This allows for the creation of a cogeneration with a 3 in 1 system producing electricity, domestic hot water, and a heat transfer fluid.
The water drained off from the tank can be used for certain purposes. It can be reused to irrigate the green roof or to wash the car.
The home automation system is designed to facilitate the relationship between the house and the inhabitant. It allows for the creation of an interface between people and technology, and it is easy to use.
More than just integration, all these technologies become part of the structure as they are main elements in the design of the house. SUMBIOSI is really a combination of the occupants, architecture, and technologies.
An innovative semi-passive system based on phase-change materials (PCM) is used to cool down the house. SUMBIOSI uses both passive and semi-passive systems. Placed on the roof, the Ventec system is used to create a Venturi effect to optimize natural ventilation and to cool the house during summer nights. SUMBIOSI also uses a cooling system based on phase-change materials. This system uses a natural phenomenon and only needs a fan to function.
Architectural Design SUMBIOSI is created from the symbiosis between the occupant and the house, between the house and the environment and between the architecture and technology. This is really the main concept of SUMBIOSI, the foundation on which the design was created. For that reason, every architectural and technical idea was taken from the design of the human body. Like Le Corbusier, we compared the individual functions of the building and the human body, and we created a parallel with the human body and all the exchanges made inside it, especially comparing it with the skin, an organ that breathes, reacts to wind, cold and heat and
To create a sustainable house with water recycling, a “lombrifiltre” is used for grey and black water. This installation functions with earthworms and sedimentary layers filtering the water.
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protects the inside space. Skin pores can contract or dilate to create the best « interior» environment. For SUMBIOSI we used this concept of a living organism that changes, reacts and replaces according to the environment to create the best living space possible. Thus, we took a sort of biological approach to the architecture.
ventilation to cool down the house in summer. The air flows through the house entering from the north and south facades and exits through the upper windows. If we had to give one word to describe the space created it would be fluid : fluid for the occupants, fluid for the air, fluid for the light, and fluid for the energy.
All our design processes were guided by bioclimatic concepts which are very important if we want to consume the least possible energy without using any equipment. The plan was to orient the house to get the maximum benefit from the sun and the environment. That is why we gave the house a complete north/south orientation allowing it to capture the maximum amount of energy in the winter. With this orientation we also wanted to create an interconnected space from south to north. By interconnected space we mean that the occupants can easily move from the south space, which is more dynamic and warmer, to the north space, which is cooler and quieter; they can choose their orientation in their house and move in it as if it was an extension of themselves. We also chose that fixed orientation to allow for better natural
To create a sustainable house with bioclimatic concepts, we worked on the materials. To use the lowest grey energy for the house and to support the local industry, we mainly used timber (maritime pine) for the construction of SUMBIOSI. Actually, we live near the biggest cultivated forest in Europe. We used it for structural materials, for furniture and for the exterior cladding. But timber doesn’t have a great capacity for storing energy so it’s difficult to obtain good thermal results. That’s why we used a concrete floor, to increase the energy storing capacity in the house. This floor allows energy to accumulate during the day in the winter so it can be used during the night. Each material has been chosen for its thermal properties and its aesthetic qualities, after an analysis of its durability.
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Construction & Materials
and also the idea of an interconnected space. It also reinforces the idea of protection for the occupants. But creating these two thick walls was above all to group the technical elements and to free the middle space from any of them. Thus, in one of these two blocks all the technical processes the house take place. We placed the Vital Box, the kitchen and the bathroom in this block so we could reduce the length of the pipes and facilitate the transport and the construction, as it is supposed to be a grouped housing project. The technical elements are integrated into the structure, we use them to give it strength and have incorporated them into the design.
We also designed an original cladding for the exterior facade: we wanted it to be like a protective element of the house so we placed it on the two thick walls which define the main space of the house. This protection is created to respond to the sunlight during the day. We randomly fixed a number of vertical pieces of maritime pine in three different sizes (44mm x 50mm, 44mm x 35mm, and 44mm x 20mm) on a plywood sheet painted in dark grey. Thus the sunrays reach the facade in a different way all around the house, and create a variety of shaded areas, a dynamic ambiance, and a kind of depth in the facade. With regard to the sustainability objective, this cladding is made from waste pine wood from the pine forest which uses green technology, making it even more sustainable. Then, for the structural elements of the house we used the best parts of trees, using the rest for the cladding.
In the second thick wall, we placed specific furniture. Everything is consolidated in a block but this furniture wall is in fact composed of two layers which have different functions. The first one has a multimedia function. When this first layer slides, it creates a partition in the large living space creating a new room for guests. It also gives access to the second layer where you can store things not in use all the time. For example, you can store your winter clothes during summer and keep only the summer ones in your dressing room. This modularity is really needed so the inhabitants can live in harmony with the seasons and according to their own specific needs. Other multi-functional furniture blocks are placed in the north space.
While the north and the south facades are the most open with glazed surfaces, we wanted the east and west facades to be more closed. This is to accentuate the plan for an interconnected space but it is also to protect the house from the morning and evening sun, when the rays are at their most powerful. That is why we created two thick walls that protect the interior space. There are a number of reasons for this thickness. First, it accentuates the north/south orientation we desire,
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We worked on a structure that takes into consideration the integration of technical elements such as solar systems or ventilation. For us, integrating doesn’t mean hiding these elements, but on the contrary, to live with them. We use these new elements of the house and create the structure from and with these systems. They become part of the architecture and important elements of the design.
architectural element on the house which is the « Ventec » system. Its purpose is to accelerate the natural ventilation through the Venturi effect. Its form has been designed with aerodynamics principles and integrated into the architecture: it adds a strong architectural character. For us, the operational changes we have to make today in our design is not fate but a real opportunity to imagine and create new architectural concepts, spaces and forms.
With our solar system, we created an over-roof which serves as solar protection for the south façade, but is also a structure that captures the sun. Furthermore, this system of over-roof permits the installation of different solar systems in the future. It is a very modular concept, so it can be used for an industrialized house, keeping in mind the possibility of change in our experimental solar systems. With this over-roof, we developed the concept of a second skin based on the idea of symbiosis and the biological approach. This is one of the major elements which interfaces with the environment to create a better atmosphere inside the house. This « second skin » captures the sun’s energy but it is also designed as protection against it, for the indoor space and for the outdoor as well. Indeed, the indoor space extends outside and elements from the over roof are deployed to create a new space and to protect it.
Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems High Performance And Environmentally Friendly Thermal Envelope. Natural insulation: animal wool & wood fiber are used and adapted to the building systems of SUMBIOSI. Very close attention is paid to the assembly in order to optimize the structure and reduce thermal bridges. Exploitation Of Natural Ventilation. Natural ventilation is introduced through the bioclimatic architecture, an optimized form of roof and the use of the Venturi effect, natural and accelerated exhaust air circulation. Heating And Cooling Functioning Autonomously: The Phase-Change Material (PCM) Energy Storage System. We have paired the ventilation system with a very original exchanger containing phase-change
As for the solar system, we have created a new
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Autonomously. The solar concentrators & trackers cogeneration system produces its own electricity and heat needs through the use of solar energy and storage. A highly innovative solar solution is developed using solar cogeneration (electricity, domestic hot water and heat transfer fluid). This innovation uses the process of concentration with the Fresnel lenses concentrating sunlight 500 times, thus reducing the surface of photovoltaic cells: an A5 size is enough to provide electricity for the house. But for this technology to function, the concentrated light has to be perfectly focused on the cell. A «tracking system» has been designed for this purpose. It follows the sun on two axes and makes it possible for the light to be focused on the cell with a precision of 0.1° all day long throughout the year. Intelligent Home Automation. The automation of all the energy systems of the house allows the residents to manage the heating, air conditioning, water production, management of opening and closing of blinds efficiently and easily. To improve performance, home automation permits the residents to become real players in its consumption. And an advisory tool (via a screen) allows them to view all the energy costs and to adjust them by adapting their behavior to the functioning of the house. An “octopus-shaped” system has also been developed to combine the water, air, electricity and home automation networks of SUMBIOSI.
materials (passive cooling of the air): some paraffin which melts or solidifies at different levels of temperature (21°C, 23°C, and 28°C). We have also included, with success, natural animal fats in order to test bio-sourced phase-change materials. Efficient heat recovery ventilation allows capturing energy in the outgoing air to pre-heat the incoming air in winter. In summer, when the situation is reversed, the system cools down the incoming air. Water Functioning Autonomously: The Earthworm Filtration System (Lombrifiltre). This is a technology which was developed a few years ago to clean grey water. The system has been developed enough to efficiently clean all water, including black water. The system is made up of a tank containing several layers of earthworms, litter (specifically pieces of timber) and finally pebbles. These components clean, filter, and purify the water. This system, still being developed today, produces clear water for household use or irrigation of the green roof, and the goal is to eventually produce drinking water fit for human consummation (research in progress). Solar Systems Electricity And Thermal Energy Functioning
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Technical Data of the House: Sumbiosi Nº.13 / 674,8 points Contest 1: Architecture: 70,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 60,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 57,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 86,8 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 94,3 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 92,3 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 48,9 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 55,1 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 28,9 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 76,5 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 5,0 points.
Team name Aquitaine Bordeaux Campus
Model: Nilan’s VP 18 Compact Capacity: Heating 2,1kW / Cooling 1,0 KW Efficiency: COP 2,96 and efficiency coefficient of 3,9
Project Dimensions Gross area: 105,0 m2 Net floor area: 69,4 m2 Conditioned Volume: 223,0 m3
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Counter flow heat exchanger integrated in the compact heat pump Efficiency: 85%
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,17 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,14 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,15 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,5 W/m2*K (south) 1,1 W/(m².K (west) 1,2 W/(m².K (north) Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,63 /south) 0,51 (north and west)
Hot Water System 1: Air/Water condenser integrated in the Compact heap pump Efficiency: COP 2,94 / Efficiency Coefficient 3,84 System 2: Solar thermal collector with solar tracking Area: 1,0 m2 System 3:CPV Solar energy concentration cooling system
HVAC Systems Hybrid conditioning solution: Type: Semi-passive air cooling system with Latent Thermal Energy Storage (LTES) Heat exchange: LTES: Macro-encapsulated PCM (paraffin) thermal storage unit
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type 1: Polycrystalline solar panels Area 1: 32 m2 Modules Type 2: CPV Solar energy concentration modules with a Fresnel lens and solar tracking Quantity and Model: 15 modules Opel solar Mk-Id
Active Heating/Cooling/Energy recovery/Hot water system: Type: Compact system (heat pump)
Installed PV power: 5,0 kWp (polycystalline) / 5,0 kWp (concentrator) Estimated energy production: 6200 kWh/year
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(polycystalline) / 3000 kWh/year (concentrator) Estimated energy production: 92000 kWh/year (total)
black waters treatment. Green Roof. Solar thermal clothes drying system.
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 5561 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 79,4 kWh/year per m2
Cost Construction Cost: 150.000€ Industrialized Estimate Cost: 70.000€
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 4,4% Cooling: 11,3% Ventilation: 6 % Lighting: 7,4 % Appliances and Devices: 50,9 % Other consumption: 20,0 % Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +3830 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems CPV Solar energy concentration modules with a Fresnel lens and solar tracking. Use of the heat extracted by the CPV cooling system for water heating. Semi-passive air cooling system with Phase Change Materials heat exchanger. Lombrifiltre (earthworms filtration) for grey and
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Ekó House Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Universidade de Sâo Paulo
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Nº.14 / 671,0 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives Team Brazil has envisaged Ekó House as a Brazilian approach towards a basic house: A house that could bring about human prosperity without harming nature. A highly efficient solar house appears to be economically prohibitive for most people in a country that has a construction industry based on cheap labor and traditional methods, has relatively low-cost energy, spends nearly no energy for home heating, and despite the economic growth, has a great portion of the population with very few economic resources. We believe that Brazil should present itself as an example of sustainable economic growth and that the Ekó House, on a small scale, could make a relevant contribution towards this. It is imperative for Brazil, to consider sustainability in broader terms, including social, economic and cultural aspects. In line with these principles, Ekó Houses are temporary homes or lodges that help remote communities – not supported by an electric grid – to continue living in their area. They act as educational devices while simultaneously affording a sustainable living experience to the residents. The cost of the temporary house will be shared by a greater number of individuals, and the educational benefits of the house will be greater than if it had been designed for private owners. In addition to having a close contact with the surrounding natural environment and local community tradition, the residents will be aware of the impact on the environment of each activity they perform and choose habits they could change, in order to produce a relevant reduction of any damaging impact. They will be exposed to new technologies
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and sustainable systems taking more conscious decisions in their new homes or even in their daily activities. The automation and information system is critical for measuring the data regarding the environmental and energetic impact of the residents’ activities and their relationship with the natural cycles.
complementarity between an insulated core with a minimized area connected to a protected outside living space with a maximized area. The reduction of the inner housing core size without compromising the comfort of residents and the space quality is a critical move towards Brazilian sustainable homes. The house skin opens up to the beauty of the natural environment through high performance walls, windows, and doors that give the feeling of being in direct contact with nature and, at the same time, provides a cozy sense of home and shelter. The Ekó house is designed to act as a living being, which extends like the human body to live in harmony with the environment.
Architectural Design Team Brazil has approached architectural design as a research tool to explore the formal advantages of blending local and traditional solutions with high performance technologies. Traditional building elements, such as bamboo and wood, are associated with an external aluminum structure and photovoltaic panels to provide shading and solar energy.
Ekó Living Cycles. The Ekó House is organized around the idea of natural cycles of human life integrated with natural landscape. The movement of the sun is central as it is the very core of energy supply. The coherent combination of elements of
The architectural concept consists in the
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Internal space fluidity. The use of internal space is defined by a central transitional area for people to move around the house. Three modular spaces for cooking, washing, and resting are placed along the central corridor. This connection area brings flexibility to the project with the support of controlled panels, which adapts the space to different times of day and activities performed by the residents.
advanced technology with traditional techniques generates a new aesthetic pattern aligned with Brazilian culture, and also enables the use of local materials. The selected technologies allow a high degree of thermal control of the house, reducing energy costs. When combined with local materials and traditional building techniques, it will also provide a strong degree of cultural identification as well as a reduction in energy used for the production and transportation of materials.
The interior enclosure also enhances the Brazilian way of life, which often uses the kitchen as a place for family gatherings. We seek to bring back this family Brazilian tradition which has got lost in recent years due to the limitations of size and layout standardization in contemporary homes. The Brazilian furniture design gives a strong identity to the interior, portraying the cultural diversity of the country.
Verandas And Interior Comfort. The Ekó design aims to reinterpret this traditional space using a new architectural pattern based on moving blinds and panels that adapt to ideal sunlight and lighting conditions, as well as privacy setting. The veranda serves as a buffer that protects the internal spaces from unwanted solar radiation. The moveable elements help to improve the comfort and efficiency of these traditional Brazilian social spaces.
Through the development of a furniture fixation system that allows for a better use of internal space, the residents can perform their daily activities comfortably with a smaller footprint. At the same time, they can develop a sense of belonging, feeling the space as their home and the house as part of the environment.
The moveable elements change throughout the day and year to adapt to different uses and climate. This aspect encapsulates the dynamics of a traditional Brazilian home based on the dualistic nature of life, private and social. When closed, they create a more intimate and shaded ambiance. When open, they integrate inner and outer space, creating a more public and social environment, allowing the sunlight and warmth to come in. The dynamic house resembles a living being that adapts to the dweller’s mood, cycles of nature and local climate.
Construction & Materials The Ekó House structure meets different concepts of sustainability, using as a premise: materials that reduce thermal bridges; renewable materials that provide carbon sequestration (CO2); design
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solutions that extend the life of the structure without requiring the use of preservatives and biocides; technologies that reduce material consumption while maintaining performance and structural stability of the whole; possibility of structural rearrangement based on the need to expand and/or modify the design of the house.
environmentally friendly materials, possibilities of reuse and recycling in Brazil, and also a concern for the residents’ health. The Ekó House project uses approximately 5.4 cubic meters of native hardwood. The wood for the structure is called Cumaru, its core is highly resistant to fungi and termites, increasing durability and reducing the costs for structural maintenance. A waterproof water-based solvent protects the exposed faces of timber. A TEKA thermo treated wood is the base for the outdoor deck of the house. Thermal modification of wood is a chemical-free process that results in a permanent material change, improving durability and providing adequate usage properties. A sustainable reuse and recycling is guaranteed by abolishing wood chemical preservatives in both structure and deck because of its natural resistance to biological attack and chemical-free treatment.
Thus, we have opted for a structural system using solid lumber wood components (beams and columns) and processed wood (bracing panels), and the concept of lattice structure. The structural modules are independent, which facilitates transport and assembly. It consists of a core module (kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and mechanical room) and other modules that can be added to this basic module, depending on expansion needs. The wooden structure consists of a vertical (wall) and horizontal (floor slabs and roof) structural panels.
Ekó House uses approximately 2000kg of aluminum, required for outer spaces like the structure frames of the deck, support for bamboos panels, roof tiles, mechanical room structure and support for the photovoltaic modules. These components are exposed to the weather and the use of aluminum ensures greater durability, also facilitating the installation due to the material lightweight property. Furthermore, this material has infinite possibilities of recycling, reducing the environmental impact and investment in the production of primary aluminum.
The prototype assembly has three main requirements: (a) reduction of activity in construction site, (b) possibility of assembly and disassembly of the structure and its transport ensuring the reuse of components without reducing the functionality of the connections; (c) adoption of ergonomic principles in the assembly and disassembly. Multifunctional connections designed especially for the wooden structure guarantees these requirements and fulfils specific needs. One week is the approximate time required to assemble the 21 wall panels of the Ekó House. Team Brazil was concerned about finding
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Interior comfort, HVAC & House Systems
darker winter days or to increase the semi-public space. During the summer, they provide different levels of light control to reduce glaring. The solar orientation, the position and size of the openings eliminate the need for artificial light throughout the day. In addition to that, indoor curtains allow for a better control over the lighting levels. These strategies have created a high level of daylight autonomy.
Highly insulated walls, roof and floor are combined with double glazed windows and doors to provide plenty of light and substantial comfort conditions with very low energy consumption. The use of passive methods, combined with the adaptation to nature’s cycles, helps to maintain a comfortable temperature and humidity level, while reducing consumption even further. The inner space design is also based on efficiency. Flexible living spaces unfold into verandas, guaranteeing a minimal conditioned area that open to outside spaces. These verandas are defined by automated shading devices that control light, heat and privacy.
In addition to the strategy for solar gains, a passive heating system was designed and it will provide heat for the main areas of the house (bedroom and kitchen). 110w radiators, connected to the solar water heating system, provide proper thermal comfort conditions for each area.
Ekó House has a longer east-west axis, with larger glass panels on the south (northern hemisphere) to allow winter heating and direct sun control during the hot seasons. Windows on the south façade provide adequate natural lighting distribution and protection from the cold winds. Dynamic bamboo devices shade the eastern and western glass doors which open onto the verandas. The bamboo devices open to allow more light to enter in the
The Brazilian team has also designed an evaporative cooling system using a combination of mechanical ventilation and water pulverization as a passive cooling strategy. We have placed a fan/pulverizer within the air distribution system, designed to maintain adequate humidity of air, indoors. The intake duct of the fan brings air from underneath the house floor, in order to provide
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has been used for power generation, making it the highest irradiation face of the building envelope. In addition to that, we selected high efficiency mono crystalline modules to guarantee more energy production per area. We searched for an optimal PV panels-inverter relationship. The 11.04kWp photovoltaic installed system is connected to a 10kW inverter. The roof angle is adjustable, with five different positions (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees), which allows the Ekó House to function with the most efficient incline in most parts of the country. The modules face south with a 180º azimuth at a 15° tilt, selected as the highest angle that could fit into the Solar Decathlon Europe envelope. 48 photovoltaic modules, divided in two subsystems of 24 modules, are connected in 3 strings in parallel with 8 modules per subsystem. Each subsystem is connected to one inverter, which converts the photovoltaic DC current to the AC house operation. The inverter is protected through galvanic isolation and an active temperature management technology. The house data acquisition system is connected to the inverter by way of RS485 or Bluetooth network. According to simulations, the Ekó House energy balance demonstrates that the energy generated by the photovoltaic system is sufficient to meet the residents’ demand throughout the year, and has a surplus generation that could be used by up to two other houses. So when located in isolated communities, the surplus energy generated by their photovoltaic systems, Ekó Houses could supply most community energy needs, with a clean and renewable energy source. Solar Thermal Design. Four evacuated tube sets provide efficiency for the hot water system. The system rests on the structure of photovoltaic system on an incline of 15 degrees, with easy maintenance access. The system keeps the heated water in a closed-loop, from the solar collectors to a coil within the thermal tank. This tank has two independent internal coils to support more efficient management, supporting the interior conditioning. The thermal tank also has an auxiliary thermodynamic cycle. The heat pump, located within the outside mechanical room, removes heat from the atmosphere via R-22 gas and transfers it to its interior, resulting in energy savings. Both electrical and automation systems are connected to the house through the ceiling, while cold and hot water come from below the floor, ensuring safety and ease of maintenance.
a lower dry bulb air temperature for the system, increasing the system efficiency. Besides this system, the position of the openings in opposite facades promotes natural cross-ventilation inside the house, improving comfort conditions with no energy consumption. The Ekó House home automation system (HAS) integrates these strategies with the HVAC system in order to guarantee a high efficiency of control of the internal temperature. Solar Systems PV System. The Ekó House is part of a larger system to provide electrical energy to a local community. Thus, we have focused on high energy generation, considering that the surplus should power at least one additional family. The entire roof
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Technical Data of the House: Ekó House Nº.14 / 671,0 points Contest 1: Architecture: 60,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 54,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 68,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 70,9 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 99,3 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 85,9 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 62,2 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 49,8 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 27,1 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 91,8 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 2,0 points.
Team name Team Brasil
Hot Water System type: Evacuated Tubes (U pipes): Model: PU200/5 Area: 5,44 m2
Project Dimensions Gross area: 55,62 m2 Net floor area: 55,62 m2 Conditioned Volume: 183,0 m3
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: all back-contact monocrystalline Model: SunPower SPR 230 WHT Area: 56,80 m2
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,15 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,16 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,10 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,32 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,24
Installed PV power: 11,04 kWp Estimated energy production: 21157 kWh/year Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 6298 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 113,23 kWh/year per m2
HVAC Systems Hybrids heating System: Type: Radiant panel heating by solar thermal
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 3,5% Cooling: 23,1% Ventilation: 23,9 % Lighting: 10,9 % Appliances and Devices: 38,7 %
Heating/Cooling system: Type: Variable refrigerant volume (VRV) Capacity: Heating 18,0 kW / Cooling 15,5 kW Efficiency: Heating COP 3,7 / Cooling COP 3,49 (Based in simulation outputs) Heating COP 5,30 / Cooling COP 5,50 (During house occupation)
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Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +14859 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems SpaceloftFast assembly industrialized system with fitting panels. Adaptable foundation system. Nanoporous aerogel blanket insulation. Evaporative cooling system combining mechanical ventilation and water pulverization. Building Automation and Control System (BACS) oriented to aware and educate dwellers. Balanced blend of high and low-tech materials and systems. Cost Construction Cost: 450.000€ (prototype)
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Omotenashi House Chiba University
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Nº.15 / 641,9 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives
The “ENGAWA” - or link to the outside - is an “encounter space” existing from antiquity in Japanese buildings. Here you can encounter people, nature, the movement of time, even one’s own life. It is also a traditional intermediary space connecting the interior to the exterior of the house. Here you can enjoy activities such as growing plants or casually enjoying tea with visiting neighbours, it is a place for one to enjoy daily life. There are moveable TATAMI floors spreading into the ENGAWA. This reconfigurable semi outdoor space along with the interior spaces gives rise to a variety of living environments.
“OMOTENASHI” - Omotenashi means thoughtfully and sincerely conveying a feeling of consideration to those you encounter. It comes from traditional Japanese customs and practices such as the tea ceremony or floral arranging. It is at the core of Japanese culture, values and ethics. The OMOTENASHI House is a new type of housing and lifestyle centered on promoting self-sufficiency of energy and nutrition. The relationship with nature – Life with plants and the building is a new experiment, taking the agricultural environment and reintroducing it into the residences of our towns and cities. The plant factory is used for the efficient cultivation of crops and ornamental plants. Given the overall aging of the Japanese population, there has been a particularly sharp decline in the farming populace. This is not just a phenomenon occurring in Japan, but a worldwide problem. We are proposing a new way to live, including plants in our daily life.
Moreover, the OMOTENASHI House is not just a beautiful showroom house: its concept is based on a state of the art construction system that allows it to be built in different areas, under the most rigorous conditions in large scale, today.
The OMOTENASHI House is more than a simple house, it is a new way of living. It is a self-sufficient house, not only regarding energy but food as well. It connects the house to the surrounding environment and creates meeting, leisure, and contemplation spaces going beyond today’s housing models.
The Innovative Spatial Design of OMOTENASHI House has free floor plan. There is a movable TATAMI that can be used as a chair, ZASHIKI (reception room), or bed by moving and combining them. This configurable room is one of the main features of Japanese traditional building that changes spaces to suit time and place using furniture and fittings. Moreover this movable TATAMI has a thermal storage system. It can absorb coolness at night when placed in the ENGAWA (outside space) and it provides a cool temperature during the daytime and using a reduced amount of energy.
The house is a flexible, highly efficient, solar powered and a low carbon footprint building. The rice field provides food, a contact with nature and a contemplation space. The porch (ENGAWA) connects both worlds, the inside and the outside, public and private, and offers a place to extend indoor activities connecting them with nature.
The structure of the OMOTENASHI House is designed in units. Each unit can easily be moved and reshaped. The cultivation wall has a rail at the top so that the width of each rope can easily be changed. SUIDEN also has a wooden unit system with shapes that can be rearranged and cut if needed.
Architectural Design
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world to study healthy home and town design for the future. Applying the results of their research, the OMOTENASHI House uses materials such as Japanese paper, TATAMI, and recycled deck, to regulate the indoor environment. These are all biodegradable sustainable materials.
The frame system of the OMOTENASHI House suits the Japanese urban environment. The structural frame can be divided into 1 x 2 meter sizes so that a regular 4 ton truck can easily transport each piece, even to a very narrow site.
Lighting Design. In Japan during the Heian period, SHOJI lighting was introduced. The natural lighting is transmitted through SHOJI screen spreader inside the house. For the OMOTENASHI House we propose SHOJI ceiling lights. To assure fire safety we use a membrane ceiling that spreads LED lighting naturally and consistently throughout the interior space.
The OMOTENASHI House can be dismantled and moved when necessary. In fact, the house being shown in the SDE was once built in Japan, and all construction materials were shipped to Madrid. Furthermore, manufactured houses are designed as a set of standardized modules. Therefore as new technology is developed, such as earthquake braces, these can easily be made into new modules to be used in existing buildings and new construction. We are planning to reconstruct this house inside the University after the SDE2012. At that time we will add new modules (ex. walls, columns, windows, beams) if there has been any damage during transportation.
Architectural Integration Into The Systems. There is not only the direct water storage by sudden and pond but also indirect water storage through the soil, plants, and even rain on the roof which goes through a cultivation wall to produce sustainable life at the OMOTENASHI House.
Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems
Structure Of The House. Universal Frame System: The construction base of the OMOTENASHI House is a Lightweight Steel Frame Modular structure. In a country susceptible to earthquakes, safety has to be the utmost priority.
Sun – Health & Sustainability. Maximizing the use of solar energy, we are designing a house that is both good for the environment and one’s health. Collaborating with sponsoring companies, we are developing the next generation of easily marketable quality solar houses. The house is built from precise robot made units. This contributes greatly to reducing energy use and CO2 emissions. Using these roof tile shaped solar panels, we can produce 1.7 times the electrical capacity produced by panels before. Also, the Preventive Medical Center of Chiba University has been working in cooperation with the industrial
Therefore, steel is used in the structure because it stretches but will not break even under great stress. Moreover we are employing the “Universal Frame System” that combines earthquake resistance with freedom of design. The wall frame modules contain earthquake-damping braces, which absorb the force of earthquakes, allowing the OMOTENASHI House to retain its structural integrity in the event of an earthquake.
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Advantages. Furthermore, manufactured housing systems are firmly established in Japan. The main parts are manufactured in a factory and merely assembled on site. There advantages of this system are: 1) Due to standardization and normalization of the main parts, the quality of the house is guaranteed. 2) Onsite work is reduced leading to a shorter construction period, and 3) Cost management is clear and precise.
The “Universal Frame” is a structure made of two “C” shaped steel rods joined back to back. This produces a dynamically strong resistance to deformation in any direction. (up–down, left–right) Its strength is more than a 12 cm2 pillar of solid cypress. As proof of its earthquake resistance, in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995, not one Sekisui House building was destroyed. SHEQAS. The steel frame of the OMOTENASHI House contains SHEQAS, earthquake dampening modules used in Seksui Houses. SHEQAS has 3 special features: 1) The earthquake vibrations are turned into heat effectively absorbing them, 2) The hose deformations caused by earthquakes are halved, and 3) There is continued efficiency against repeat earthquake.
Plumbing And Electrical Systems Design And Construction. The header tank method is employed for The OMOTENASHI House. In the header tank method, water first enters a header tank to which the water supply piping is connected. From there individual pipes lead to the various plumbing fixtures within the OMOTENASHI House. This method allows for the even distribution of water at all times throughout the house.
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The cold and hot water supply hoses are all made of hygienic, corrosion-resistant and chlorineresistant polystyrene. The cold water pipes are protected by blue, and the hot water by red, polybutene sheath tubes.
A super thin laminated structure combining short wavelength radiation absorbing amorphous silicon solar cells, and long wavelength radiation absorbing polycrystalline silicon solar cells are used in this innovative solar panel. This creates a panel with a relatively high conversion efficiency of 12 - 15%, which is also more cost effective. Since tens to hundreds of panels are needed in a solar system, this translates to greater power production at a significantly cheaper price.
Solar Systems Photovoltaic System Design And Construction Analysis Of The Electrical Production Simulation. The roofing material of the OMOTENASHI House is fundamentally efficient, waterproof and windresistant roof tile shaped solar panels. They are highly efficient but don’t take away the quiet dignity, characteristic of Japanese housing. Also, they have an oblong cell construction therefore, even if sunlight only hits a portion of the panel, it will still produce energy. Therefore it is shade resistant and can be used on irregular roof shapes.
To allow for long-term operation and reliability of the system, there is a need for constant monitoring and quick repair. As such there are performance diagnostic systems, which detect faults and failures quickly. Furthermore, the high precision solar panel units are relatively small, in the case of a failure only the affected panels need to be removed and changed.
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This allows for quick repair without affecting the performance of the rest of the system. Technical Documentation Of The Photovoltaic Installation: MPPT Optimal Regulation Systems Placement. Since solar panels are connected to each other in a series, when there is a variation in generation, the MPPT controller will minimize the generative capacity of all panels to that of the panel with the least generation. As such, a lot of generated energy is wasted. Since the OMOTENASHI House has independent MPPT controllers on each of the four faces of the roof in each direction, regardless of the position of the sun, energy can be produced and used efficiently with little waste. Solar Thermal System Design And Construction. The hot water system in the OMOTENASHI House uses the EcoCute Solar Heater from Yazaki Industries. This system has a high efficiency fusion solar and heat pump water heater. Installation. With superior 1m2 compact solar collector panels, the panels can be mounted on the deck rather than the roof. This leads to greater ease and safety of installation. Heat Pump Water Heating. A heat pump is a mechanism, which using a thermal exchanger collects the heat in the air as it is warmed by the sun. This heat is collected in a refrigerant, and is then compressed, concentrating the heat and raising the temperature of the heat transfer medium. This heat is then transferred to the water in a boiler. Through the effective use of the heat occurring naturally in the atmosphere the heat pump produces three times the thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used. Solar Heat Utilization. The solar heat falling on the solar heat collectors warms the heat transfer medium circulating inside it which is then used to generate hot water. The system utilizes a “Selective absorption face” allowing continued performance with the rise and fall of heat. Once heat enters the panel it is not allowed to escape creating an accumulation of solar heat. In the case of a 4m2 solar thermal collector, a maximum yearly energy consumption efficiency of 5.0 can be realized. Furthermore since there are no fossil fuels involved, there is no production of the greenhouse gas CO2, which leads to global warming. Therefore, the solar water system is incredibly environmentally friendly.
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Technical Data of the House: Omotenashi House Nº.15 / 641,9 points Contest 1: Architecture: 50,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 71,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 68,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 63,8 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 96,6 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 111,7 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 59,2 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 33,8 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 37,7 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 61,2 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: -11,0 points.
Team name Chiba University
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Model: VL-20PZM3-L by Mitsubishi Electric Efficiency: 70%
Project Dimensions Gross area: 64,5 m2 Net floor area: 54,38 m2 Conditioned Volume: 107,8 m3
Hot Water Combination of solar thermal and heat pump: Solar Thermal: Solar thermal Collectors Model: ESC-E1010 Area: 6,2 m2 Heat pump type: Carbon dioxide heat Pump Model: Ecocute SHE-B1642AE by Yazaki
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,12 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,12 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,16 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 0,70 W/m2*K
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: Thin Film Silicon roof tiles with dual-layer structure Manufacturer: Kaneka Corp. Area: 160 m2
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling system: Model 1: Heat pump RAS-562JADR by TOSHIBA Capacity: Heating 6,7 kW / Cooling 5,6 kW Efficiency: Heating COP 3,76 / Heating COP 2,49 Terminal units1: RAS-562JDR by TOSHIBA
Installed PV power: 10 kWp Estimated energy production: 13,374 kWh/year
Model 2: Heat pump RAS-221JDR by TOSHIBA Capacity: Heating 2,5 kW / Cooling 2,2 kW Efficiency:Heating COP 5,88 / Heating COP 5,18 Terminal unit 2: RAS-221JADR by TOSHIBA
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 5681 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 104 kWh/year per m2
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Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 4,7 % Cooling: 15,6 % Ventilation: 5,0 % Domestic Hot Water: 5,2 % Lighting: 19,7 % Appliances and Devices: 49,8 %
Damping part which was incorporated in a frame of the steel. Cost Construction Cost: 500.000€ Industrialized Estimate Cost: 250.000€
Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +7693 kWh/year List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Compound heat insulation material: vacuum insulation with glass wool core. Vacuum glass. Latent Thermal Energy Storage Tatami: macroencapsulate PCM place in mobile furniture. Roof tile type thin film silicon PV: cells with duallayer structure of microcrystaline and amorphous silicon to capture most of the both short and long wavelengths of the light spectrum. Next generation Home Energy Management System (HEMS). Natural refrigerant (carbon dioxide) heat pump for water heater and supply system.
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CEM’ Casas em Movimento Universidade do Porto
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Nº.16 / 538,2 points
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Introduction & Project Main Objectives
Prototype movements shown in the campus of University of Porto, near Architecture Faculty. With the movement of the exterior and interior elements, the exterior and interior spaces change, adapting their features to the daily life and routine of the residents, so the interior setting can be changed by the residents as the day goes by.
The project “Casas em Movimento” develops the concept of sustainability through the capacity to interact with the environment and the variations of light throughout the day and the year. The solar panels are incorporated in a covering that moves on two different axes, following the sun throughout the day and adjusting its position according to summer and winter needs (thermal and spatial). Also the house, like a sunflower, follows the sun as it rises and sets, in a 180º movement, maximizing the solar yield.
The main innovative value of the project is the integration of the elements of sustainability into the house, elements which can be considered as generators of new spaces.
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“Casas em Movimento” is a new habitation solution that answers the urgent need to reverse the current state of energy dependency, which is a concern documented in the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (PNAEE) - Portugal Efficiency 2015, and also in the “20-20-20” initiative of EU, which aims to increase the quantity of renewable energy efficiency by 20% and to improve energy efficiency by 20%, all of this by 2020, making possible a reduction of energy consumption in the EU by as much as 15% and an expected reduction of energy imports by up to 26%.
This is a ground-breaking Portuguese project, conceived in 2008, for the project “Lidera” at the University of Porto, by Manuel Vieira Lopes, a student in the Faculty of Architecture. In 2010, an agreement was signed between the FAUP and “Casas em Movimento”, Lda., which included plans to build a CEM prototype in FAUP, for a renewable period of 5 years, and which would act as a “living laboratory” where teachers and students would do research related to technological innovation, energy efficiency, sustainability and mobility, etc. These studies would be crucial for measuring the
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impact of innovative solutions proposed by the CEM project. It is a project with industrial design and intellectual property rights, with several patents already granted. It includes a multidisciplinary team from areas such as architecture, engineering, economics, computer science, communication and marketing, and which has the support of scientific and technological system entities, such as INESC, INEG and LNEG. Being selected for the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 competition, from among the hundreds of projects worldwide that also competed for a place, constitutes the first Portuguese project to be accepted in the history of this competition. “Casas em Movimento” were directed into their first contact with the market, gaining in this process, support and partnerships with outstanding companies and institutions such as ADENE, REN, Martifer Solar, Prio Energy, Sonae Indústria, Kömmerling, Saint-Gobin and Portilame, among others. With these partnerships, we were able to build the prototype for Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 where the first proof of concept of the rooftop movement was made. Proof of concept of the rooftop movement in Winter mode (realized on the 29 and 30 of September 2012 in Solar Decathlon Europe - Madrid). Architectural Design The aim of the project “Casas em Movimento” is to implement models of houses that use sustainable energy and that, through an interaction with the environment and the variations of the light throughout the day, create comfort conditions in the interior space, optimize the use of natural light, improve the use of solar energy, and achieve high levels of energy efficiency.
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Thanks to the combined rotational movements between the house itself and its coverage that protects and feeds it, through the photovoltaic panels, the house produces 4.5 times more energy than it consumes.
together. At night it merges with the living-room, allowing the family to socialize at the end of the day, while they are preparing the evening meal. The versatility of the house is also evident in its moveable walls, which can be used to create new interior spaces, and the reusability of the objects because they might have more than one function using the concept “do more with less”.
The rotational movement of the coverage allows for the maximum utilization of solar energy, the adaptation to the different seasons, the creation of shade in the summer and taking advantage of sunlight in winter. As a consequence, it reduces the energy consumption for air conditioning by 60% to 80% in the house.
In addition, the house evolves with the residents accompanying them in their life cycle, increasing and decreasing, by adding or removing modules. With the birth of a child, for example, the house can be increased by adding a module, and when he grows up and leaves home, that module can be removed, turning the house into the singular, cozy building. Since these modules are reusable, recyclable or replicable, they can be taken and put up elsewhere - because the house can be deployed anywhere in the world.
Moreover, the 180 degrees rotational movement of the house throughout the day, from sunrise to sunset, allows the restructuring of the interior and exterior spaces, which can be adapted permanently to meet the needs and the routines of the residents. Thus, for example, in the interior space, the kitchen is smaller in the morning if the daily routine doesn’t allow all the family members to have breakfast
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With this system, the production of energy will be 4.5 times higher than the energy consumption needs of the house, taking into account that the house rotation consumes energy equivalent to a 60Watt lamp bulbs (1kW) and the cover rotation consumption is less than an iron (0.36 kW). The two movements are independent and can work simultaneously or separately.
In this project the use of materials with Portuguese tradition and origin as well as with strong emphasis in our industry, was honored with the use of cork for interior and exterior coating and wood for the structure, both highly sustainable and good thermal and acoustic insulating materials. Evolutionary system: the modular structure has been designed to adapt to its residents’ needs, evolving according to the people living there. It can “grow” and become smaller depending on the lifestyle and the demands of the family at different stages in their lives. “Casa em Movimento” is a life project for the people that acquire it. It’s a house that adapts itself to the owner and environment and not the other way around. Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems In addition to the photovoltaic panels, “Casas em Movimento” also uses other means of energy recovery, such as glasses that adapt to light and materials capable of thermal and acoustic insulation - including national products, such as wood and cork. Solar Systems In this project the photovoltaic panels, the energy collectors, are regarded as part of the building with a contemporary design, not as extra elements attached to an already existing shape. The house feeds itself from the sun following it as it rises and sets through a movement of approximately 180º from east to west. This sunflower effect, combined with the movements of the solar panels, maximizes solar gains.
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Technical Data of the House: Cem Casas Em Movimento Nº.16 / 538,2 points Contest 1: Architecture: 40,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 49,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 45,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 84,3 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 66,8 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 102,1 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 38,5 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 49,8 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 30,2 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 51,0 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: -18,5 points.
Team Name Cem+nem-
Backup system: Air/Water heat pump Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: Poly-crystaline Area: 67,59 m2
Project Dimensions Gross area: 83,82 m2 Net floor area: 49,17 m2 Conditioned Volume: 122,92 m3
Installed PV power: 9,24 kWp Estimated energy production: 12.223 kWh/year
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,26 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,48 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,33 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,00 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,38
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 5168 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 95,70 kWh/year per m2 Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 8,7 % Cooling: 14,5 % Ventilation: 5,3 % Domestic Hot Water: 1,6 % Lighting: 6,9 % Appliances and Devices: 63,0 %
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling/Hot water system: Type: Air/Water heat pump Capacity: Heating 6,00 kW / Cooling 7,00 kW Efficiency: Heating COP 4,26 / Cooling COP 4,26 Terminal units: 2 fab coils Capacity: Heating 10,40 kW / Cooling 8,80kW
Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +7055 kWh/year
Hot Water System type: Flat plate solar thermal collectors Area: 2,6 m2
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List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems House rotation and mobile solar Roof system enhance the thermal comfort, maximizing the electric energy production and provide adequate daylight levels. Cost Construction Cost: 300.000€ Industrialized Estimate Cost: 150.000€
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Astonyshine École Nationale Supérieure D’Architecture Paris-Malaquais + Università di Ferrara + École des Ponts ParisTech + Politecnico di Bari
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Nº.17 / 416,5 points
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Introduction & Project Main Objectives Estonyshine is intended to demonstrate the integration of new energy efficient technologies in the architecture of a solar powered house and define new concepts in architectural design based on these technologies, with the ultimate goal of presenting innovative solutions and increasing the performance of more traditional ones. Six key issues define our strategy: Freestone. Using freestone in the building which, thanks to advanced technologies and new design methods, shows promise of sustainability and energetic efficiency, together with great aesthetic appearance. Concentrated Solar Systems. Making use of concentrated solar power systems, combining photovoltaic and thermal collectors, to meet to the energy needs of the house with high efficiency and low prices, proposing new ideas for their structural and technological integration into the architecture. Module-Embedded PV Control. Controlling of the photovoltaic field with electronic systems embedded into each module and controlled to effectively extract the maximum energy. New Interface Design. Examining new designs, materials, and technologies, for the interface between the solar module and the building structure, including temperature control, ventilation, and challenges with connections/ airtightness, pre-fabrication problems and reduction in production costs for a major commercial impact.
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Optimal Illumination. Searching for optimal illumination, both natural and artificial, to meet criteria based on functionality and architectural requirements and to create spatial effects through lighting design.
The space conceived for Estonyshine is simple and can be rearranged to make it multi-purpose. The house plan is built on a square divided into two rectangles. An open living space takes up the south side while the remaining space in the north, has a main ground floor and a first floor. The ground floor of the northern part includes the bathroom, one bedroom, and the equipment room. The open space in the south, with a patio door and a glazed facade along the southern wall, accommodates living and dining activities and includes a convertible area shared with the bedroom. The kitchen is partly in the open space and partly under the ceiling of the northern part. The first floor is a loft with a railing, located over the kitchen, bathroom and bedroom, looking onto the open space on the ground floor. It includes two more bedrooms and furniture like bookshelves and desks.
Integration Of The Architectural And Structural Design With Project Logistics. Integrating the architectural and structural design with project logistics, with the intention of reducing the overall cost of the product and increasing its quality and sustainability. These matters will be treated jointly as they contribute to the main objective which is to integrate solar modules into the building, increase their concentration, extend the photovoltaic compatible areas, and make them aesthetically suitable for installation with regard to their visual impact on urban and rural landscapes.
Climatic Strategy Of The House. The thermal performance of the house is based on insulation and phase shift, made possible by the use of (natural) insulating materials and by the shifting caused by the stone skin. Natural ventilation is insured by the internal shape and the position of the windows, allowing for an effective air exchange.
Architectural Design At the center of Estonyshine’s architectural design is the idea that the integration of new technologies, especially solar photovoltaic panels, cannot be achieved without an alteration of the architectural form and elements of the building. Hence the focus is on displaying, and not on concealing or embedding into existing structures, whatever system is added to the house to increase energy production or to reduce its ecological footprint.
Construction & Materials Stone Structure. Stone has, for a long time, been the most valuable construction material of all. Our civilization has relied for centuries on its physical properties to build safe, resistant and durable structures and to maintain a good thermal performance, especially in tempered climates, but architectural needs today call for the recreation of a proper language for stonework. Freestone is not detrimental to the environment; it is salvageable in demolitions, entirely reusable, recyclable, and downcyclable, causing minimal air and water pollution during construction; its processing entails no direct greenhouse gas emissions, no toxicity risks, controlled dust, and the use of recycled or recyclable water, while, as a resource, stone is inexhaustible. Manufacturing of stones today is a highly automatic, computer-aided industry, which is energy-wise very efficient and produces very limited waste material. Nevertheless, the introduction of freestone into the house market requires tackling issues related to the freedom of architectural forms and the cost of erecting the building. To solve the production challenge, a dry assemblage of movable components was made, designing the stone walls by adapting a patent issued in 17th century France. The whole structure can be transported in a single standard truck and its parts handled with a 40 tonne crane.
The second core feature of Estonyshine is the belief that architecture needs to re-discover a proper language for stonework. The main challenge in the search for architectural forms that work with both solar technologies and stone structures is intrinsically related to the shape of the roof because that is at the heart of architecture. Concentrating solar radiation requires concavity; bearing loads with stone structures requires convexity: what compromise can be reached between such conflicting needs? Estonyshine offers an entirely original solution. A saddle vault is designed in stone, creating the capacity to withstand loads through its curvature and at the same time, creating an optimal surface in the sun’s path. The curved surface created in this manner can support, along its contour, an array of “Solarflight” elements—a concentrated photovoltaic system patented by the members of the team at this event. The vault is designed by adapting a patent issued in 17th century France to create an group of movable components that can be built without scaffolding thanks to new lifting technologies. It will be the first saddle vault ever built in stone.
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Stone Skin. Stone walls have the advantage of providing the house with a low-tech and highly reliable insulation system. In fact, stone is not only an interesting material because of its permeability and hygrothermal properties, but is also stable when statistically large populations and longterm use are concerned. Furthermore, the low technology demand for the design of walls and connections ensures a high level of reliability in the overall insulation and a very good predictability of results. The stone skin has many distinctive properties that has made it the most beneficial for centuries, which –when used with the present scientific knowledge and sensibility– might lead to challenging implementation. In particular, we emphasize its natural self-ventilation, its being suitable in any climate, excellent in warm climates, and its ability to reduce the urban heat island effect.
the sun at 15:30 during the five months of highest insolation in Madrid (April to August). The whole roof is made up of six sections, subdivided in such a way that it requires a minimal structural thickness, suitable for transportation on three standard trucks, and designed in such a way that it reduces the presence of workers at a height for its dry assembly. Wood. Douglas fir used in the house comes from French forests that were planted at the beginning of the 19th century with a –at that time– futuristic biodiversity program in mind. The timber is of medium length and all connections are made of half-wood type to reduce the use of additional materials (especially steel). As for all other materials used in the house (with the sole exception of the glulam cambered beams of the roof), a minimal number of changes was made to the material before its final use, in order to retain the highest possible level of reuse and to introduce a minimal grey energy in the house.
Saddle Roof. The saddle roof has the capacity to withstand loads through curvature and, at the same time, creates an optimal shape –always having sections which face the sun perpendicularly– and an astounding internal volume. The lined surface thus obtained can support along its edges an array of Solar F-Light elements (see above) covering the energy needs of the house. The steepest line on the saddle roof, equipped with Solar F-Lights, faces the sun at an elevation of 60° and azimuth of 217°180’, corresponding to the average position of
Natural Cork. The cork used to insulate the house is harvested from forests in Sicily, which support indigenous wildlife and help sustain communities in poor agricultural areas. The material was treated with environmentally friendly procedures: first boiled at 100°C to achieve dimensional stability, then dried, chopped and finally packed under pressure at a temperature of 135°C. At this
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temperature, the cork chips release their natural resin (suberin) and stick to each other naturally, with the addition of small quantities of a natural glue. As a result, these panels are nontoxic and can be disposed of, recycled and even burnt without worry. Hence they are not only reusable, but also recyclable as a loose filler or for energy recovery. Because of the absence of additional glue, this cork can extinguish a fire at room temperature.
Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems
house is a consequence of the increase in the use of biological methods in the natural wetland of Petite Camargue (France). Free range ducks and sheep in the wetland (during alternating periods) insure the biological balance, facilitating growth. Natural sheep’s wool is a byproduct of this farming.
stone buildings which reduce the overall thermal needs in climatic regions where winters are mild and summer days are hot while the nights are refreshing. To implement the strategy, in addition to insulation and inertia, a good natural ventilation must be set up in the house, one which takes advantage of the lowering of external temperature on summer nights.
The energy efficient design of the house is based on a combined use of insulation and phase shift made possible by the stone skin. A sufficiently high thermal resistance is employed to reduce the heat flow through the house’s envelope and, at the same time, the mass of stone is designed to retard this flow.
AR-201 LONGITUDINAL SECTION Sheep Wool. The sheep wool used to insulate the This design strategy mimics that of traditional
Living continuously in an open space keeps their coat free of pollutants and dirt, typically present when animals are kept together in flocks and fenced in. Hence the wool can be used in a building without the need to be put through costly and environmentally harmful cleaning processes, maintaining their natural protection against biological attack without additional chemicals (no boron-based flame retardant and no biocide). The packaging used to bring the sheep wool to the worksite was made with natural materials and is reusable (sent back to the farmer).
To achieve these results, the house has been designed as a main internal unobstructed space with large openings facing each other on opposite sides: especially the patio door which opens wide on the south façade and the French doors on the north at the mezzanine level (this difference in levels further improves the natural ventilation in the north-south direction). The stone skin on the inside creates a cold wall effect, which can be considered positive in summer and can be reduced in winter by the addition of
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wool curtains. These curtains will not be used during the contest as their use won’t be necessary at that time of the year.
modules were disposed in 2 lines of 3 to meet the hot water demand. All modules in a line track the movement of the sun shifting through the use of a 3W electrical motor driven by a single integrated sensor, whose consumption is only a small percentage of the produced power.
Sustainable development is a central concern with Estonyshine. Through our choices and our actions, we wanted the house to be as natural as possible through the use of materials such as stone, wood, cork and sheep’s wool, contributing with their characteristics to the thermal efficiency and comfort, the insulation of sound, the collection of solar energy, and the aesthetics. The shape of the house and its openings are all designed to provide appropriate light and ventilation, reducing heating, cooling and lighting costs.
The University of Ferrara recently designed an innovative type of mid concentration (50x) linear CPV system, named “SolarFlight”, which can be tiled in an array of movable components tracking the sun throughout the day. The “SolarFlight” elements are arranged on the roof of Estonyshine taking advantage of its lined shape: each element is aligned with a line on the surface and thus perfectly integrated with the architecture.
LSC Glazing. Night-time lighting of the house is partially supplied by four solar shutters on the east façade which are equipped with high efficiency LED bars. Each solar shutter has double glass with an integrated luminescent solar concentrator (LSC), which converts solar radiation into electricity during the day, and powers the LED bars, when the external light level falls.
It has to be highlighted that CPV systems have a peculiar feature that makes them preferable with respect to flat PV systems in configurable arrays like those proposed here. Flat PV arrays exhibit a strong performance derating under the partial shadowing of the elements, which occurs in early morning and late afternoon, because of the lower and uneven illumination of the photovoltaic cells. On the contrary, the CPV modular array designed by the University of Ferrara always provides a uniform illumination of the photovoltaic cells so there is no additional derating of the performance even in the case of extreme tilting of the conversion modules.
Equipment. The interior LED lighting system allows a reduction in energy consumption with constant optimal lighting, thanks to the introduction of a light sensor and dimmerable LEDs. A compact ventilation system with effective air/air and air/water heat recovery is used for air cleaning, comfort heating and cooling, and extra water heating. Energy coming from the retrieved air is used for the preparation of hot water and the heating of cool air. Under winter conditions, the heat pump gives priority to the heating of water, whereas the heat exchange with the countercurrent guarantees the recovery of heat for the air flow.
The same tracking device and optics are used to add rows of “SolarFlight” that generate thermal energy, pre-heating water for the house needs. “Solarflight” has a solar tracking system that is automatically operated and needs no intervention by the inhabitants in the house.
Solar Systems
The electric output of photovoltaic panels depends on changing external conditions like temperature, light, and load voltage which vary with time. The fluctuation is even more visible in small applications, where the overall output does not represent the statistic mean of a large population of panels. This raises pressing issues because the fluctuation is affected by the load voltage which, in turn, is affected by the energy supply service. As a consequence, two main issues emerge: (i) panel-to-panel mismatch in the array and (ii) array-to-user mismatch. The second is currently handled by a single MPPT, or maximum power point tracker. The first problem, which arises not only as a consequence of temperature, shade, and natural disparities between panels in the array but also because of cell mismatch due to the spread of
Solar F-Light. A low-concentration photovoltaic system integrated into the building and patented by members of the team, is used for electricity production, water heating and lighting. Such systems can take advantage of higher conversion efficiencies, especially in sunny and dry climates where, as in Madrid, the direct normal irradiance is high. A Solar F-Light module is a parabolic linear trough with single-axis tracking having an optical concentration factor of 20x. The module houses either a PV receiver (96 cm2 with 17% efficiency at 20 suns) possibly paired with 25 LEDs, or a ø10mm black anodized metal pipe thermal collector. 46 such PV modules (without LEDs) were positioned along the lines on the roof of the house in 10 lines of 4 and 2 lines of 3; 6 thermal
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manufacturing, has received few possible solutions so far.
concentrating photovoltaic devices named “luminescent solar concentrators” (LSC) inserted in conventional double glazing and placed in the centre of the shutter.
STMicroelectronics, an associated partner of Estonyshine, has recently developed distributed logic systems suited to address both issues (i) and (ii), maximizing the power generated by photovoltaic panels in an array through the MPPT algorithm. Since the maximum power point is locally computed, each panel’s output is separately optimized and the efficiency at the system level is higher than that for conventional topologies. The Solar Decathlon contest gives the opportunity to inquire into the effects of this technology in architecture. This includes how the positioning of cells in less favorable conditions than average on a particular application, or the possible incidence of shade on part of the array at some time of the day and/or certain seasons, might be made more functional thanks to the new STMicroelectronics technology. As a consequence, not only can a lit surface be expected to have higher energy performance per unit, but also solar technologies can become less of a constraint for architects.
LSC devices consist of transparent slabs (24 cm - 49 cm) which function with luminescent materials and PV-cells connected to the perimeter of the slab. The luminescence centers absorb the sunlight on the face of the LSC, and isotropically emit light at a slightly lower energy. The major part (> 75%) of the emitted light is trapped inside the slab, and is guided to the silicon solar cells placed at the perimeter. LSC shutters are a very attractive concept because the energy production is low cost (the quantity of solar cells needed is greatly reduced), they operate both with direct and diffused light (therefore they don’t need solar tracking), they only collect ‘cold’ light (resulting in higher PV efficiencies), and they can be easily integrated into buildings.
Estonyshine also presents novel concentrating photovoltaic shutters. Every shutter (105 cm - 60 cm) is made of pinewood containing new
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Technical Data of the House: Astonyshine Nº.17 / 416,5 points Contest 1: Architecture: 40,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 32,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 45,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 31,8 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 64,3 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 77,9 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 32,5 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 17,8 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 19,1 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 56,1 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: 0,0 points.
Team Name Astonyshine
Hot Water Source 1: Solar thermal from concentrated photovoltaic panels Capacity: 1,48 m2 (6 Solar F-Lightthermal modules) Source 2: Compact heat pump by Nilan
Project Dimensions Gross area: 131,00 m2 (ground plus split level) Net floor area: 91,00 m2 (ground plus split level) Conditioned Volume: 372,00 m3
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type: Solar F-Lightinstalled-concentrated PV system (CPV) Area: 11,5 m2 – 48 modules installed (80 modules in the project)
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,13 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,20 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,26 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 1,30 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,61
Installed PV power: 3,50 kWp (Nominal power of the system 1380 kWp) Estimated energy production: 2630 kWh/year (electric and thermal, PVGIS Classic data)
HVAC Systems Heating/Cooling/Energy recovery/Hot water system Type: Model: Compact heat pump by Nilan Capacity: Heating 1,8 kW / Cooling 1,6 KW Efficiency: Heating COP 2,9
Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 4000 kWh/year Estimated energy consumption per conditioned area: 43,96 kWh/year per m2
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Type: Included in the Compact heat pump system
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 37,5 %
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Cooling: 0,0 % Ventilation: 0,0 % Domestic Hot Water: 7,5 % Lighting: 17,5% Appliances and Devices: 37,5 %
Cost Construction Cost: 290,000€ Industrialized Estimate Cost: 100,000€
Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: -1370 kWh/year kWh/ year This balance was obtained using the estimate production of the 48 CPV modules installed, if the 80 modules set in the project the result would be positive) List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Solar F-Light PV system (Team patent): concentrated photovoltaic and solar thermal power system. Prefabrication of stone structures. Use of natural materials as cork and unconditioned lamb wool insulation.
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CASA π UNIZAR Universidad de Zaragoza
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Nº.18 / 371,4 points
Introduction & Project Main Objectives We believe it is necessary to react to the current situation because the things that we can do now are important for the present. Therefore our main strategy is experimenting with technology and materials available in the market nowadays, trying to make a difference today, not tomorrow. The approach taken by our team to compete in the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 was to experiment with existing elements and design creative improvements and come up with solutions for today. We experimented with the concept of thermal inertia and combined it with a design that allows cross ventilation and shade to improve energy efficiency of the house during both winter and summer. All actions taken to create the final product that is Casa Pi, for example, the design, the use of materials, and design of facilities, were seen as an opportunity to experiment. Thus, we were able to come up with ideas based on experimental data as we looked for particular conditions, such as: Experiment 1: application of thermal inertia in prefabricated systems. The main challenge was the weight of the elements and the solution we came up with was the incorporation of lightweight insulation and reinforced concrete mix fiberglass. Experiment 2: incorporation of particular or distinctive shapes in prefabricated structures. The central issues were the structural constraints when designing prefabricated housing. Our solution was to experiment with material using a specific form, in this case a cylinder. Every section of the house has been designed and studied with an experimental intent. Our plan was to transform the house into a lab.
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atmosphere in a house is to use the thermal inertia of the materials. While this is a real option in traditional buildings, it is not common in the prefabricated systems, and this is our innovation. For the envelope, we tested two layers of Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) separated with cork, improving the inertia when necessary with PCM (Phase Change Materials) which can store energy without taking up too much space. This is an important innovation, mixing materials from different categories and putting aside preconceived ideas about their use.
The design of Casa Pi is built on the study of form. The geometric form with the best correlation between external surface and internal volume is the sphere (Form factor ≤ 0,48) or half sphere (≤ 0,58). Low spaces within the interior border of this shape aren’t useful for a house. That’s why the solution lies in using a similar structure with a more suitable form, the cylinder (≤ 0,56). Reducing the surface area means less heat loss between the interior and exterior, and less energy consumption as a consequence.
The structural challenge and the search for a solution on how to incorporate a curved envelope is the conceptual basis of the entire project. This difficulty was resolved through the use of a cylindrical form for the envelope, which optimizes the form factor by 11% and makes it easier to use alternative materials which are more practical for the curved structure. We created a steel structure that supports a second level and a deck, and can also be independent, providing more flexibility in terms of construction. This creates a continuous shell getting around the need for thermal bridges which would require a different solution in which the skeleton would be exposed to weathering.
Construction & Materials The main strategy behind the development of the structural design and the construction was to think separately about the structure and the envelope, eliminating thermal bridges. That way we have an interior metal structure and a GRC+ Cork envelope. The GRC panel gives the best performance as an envelope with regards to its appearance and thermal mass. We studied how to incorporate thermal mass in a portable and prefabricated system since one of the best passive strategies to maintain a comfortable
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In order to reduce the time required to set it up, and keeping in mind the space availability in the solar village in terms of safety, the structure is designed so that the overall shape of polygonal circle can be separated into semicircular modules which come pre-welded from the factory, only requiring minimal assembly which reduces the number of bolts needed to facilitate production.
by the phytodepuration tanks reducing energy consumption. The phenomenon of adsorption is the thermochemical process of evaporation and condensation of a refrigerant fluid obtained by extracting heat from one circuit network at a supply temperature of 12°C and bringing it down. This process begins with fluid at a high temperature generated in the solar panels; the heat is then extracted and dissipated through a cooling tower or some similar system.
Interior Comfort, HVAC & House Systems Heating needs are met mainly through energy generated in the trigeneration system, and storage tanks which allow this system to function through the auxiliary generator. Emitters operate using fan coil technology.
The supply of hot and cold air is made by a fan coil powerful enough to disperse the air required for optimal cooling. The fan coil unit gets hot or cold water from the solar panels or the adsorption machine respectively. A fan drives air into the tubes through which the generated hot or cold water flows, creating the temperature change. After
Cooling also occurs through the trigeneration system, after an 8 kW (nominal power) adsorption cycle. The cooling tower is replaced
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passing through the filter, heated or cooled air comes out, weatherising the environment.
network, etc.) and output (irrigation, evaporation in phytodepuration tanks, etc.), with some depuration systems, in the cycle. In continuous working conditions the plumbing system doesn’t need water from the water supply network.
The heat recovery system is placed in such a manner that it recovers heat from the mechanical ventilation systems. Using the high building inertia, the heat exchanger is bypassed during the nights to ventilate the indoor environment, reducing the energy demand during the day. The fans are regulated by hygrometric sensors in order to create a more efficient system and meet the high flow ventilation levels required by Spanish law.
With the intention of making this house accessible for all people (including physically handicapped people) an elevator is included. In the competition, this decision caused the team to be penalized but our philosophy is to integrate all the components that a real house needs.
All water flow has been studied so this source can be used as efficiently as possible. To accomplish this, a continuous cycle has been designed incorporating input (rain water, water supply
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Solar Systems
performance of the PV panels with an isolated translucent material.
The PV system consists of hybrid PVT and thin film integrated panels. The PVT system increases its production since it is continuously cooled by the fluid it contains. Thin film technology is applied in two components: photovoltaic railing and blue hexagonal panels integrated on the second stage walls. All photovoltaic components are connected to the same inverter (5 kW).
Trigeneration is a technology which takes advantage of an energy source, in our case the sun, covering different needs, in this situation: electricity through photovoltaic technology; heat through thermal collection by hybrid panels and high efficiency collection; cooling through the transformation of the heat transfer fluid flowing through the thermal panel’s circuit into an adsorption circuit.
We did our own research with solar energy efficiency and opted for the trigeneration or combined cooling, heating and power. The house is equipped to use simultaneously generated electricity and heating and cooling from a solar heat collector. In this case we tested the
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Technical Data of the House: CASA π UNIZAR Nº.18 / 371,4 points Contest 1: Architecture: 30,0 points. Contest 2: Engineering and Construction: 34,0 points. Contest 3: Energy Efficiency: 45,0 points. Contest 4: Electrical Energy Balance: 12,8 points. Contest 5: Comfort Conditions: 62,8 points. Contest 6: House Functioning: 67,1 points. Contest 7: Communication and Social Awareness: 37,0 points. Contest 8: Industrialization and Market Viability: 13,3 points. Contest 9: Innovation: 23,4 points. Contest 10: Sustainability: 56,1 points. Bonus Points and Penalties: -10,0 points.
Team Name Grupo ¶ Unizar
Cooling system: Type: Adsorption machine Manufacturer: Sortech Capacity: nominal power 8 kW / maximum capacity 11 kW
Project Dimensions Gross area: 78,70 m2 Upper terrace area: 100,64 m2 Net floor area: 62,4 m2 Conditioned Volume: 156,00 m3
Energy Recovery Ventilation: Manyfacturer: Alder Venticontrol Efficiency: 90 %
House Envelope Walls Thermal Transmittance: 0,40 W/m2*K Floor Thermal Transmittance: 0,37 W/m2*K Roof Thermal Transmittance: 0,32 W/m2*K Glazing Thermal Transmittance: 2,10 W/m2*K Glazing Solar Gain (SHGC): 0,6
Hot Water System type: Second-generation hybrid PV panels Area: 50 m2 Heat source 2: Carbon dioxide heat Pump Efficiency: COP 4,0
HVAC Systems Trigeneration system (Solar Electricity/Heating/ Cooling) Heating system: Heat source 1: PVT hybrid panels Model: Ecomess PVT by EndeF Heat source 2: Carbon dioxide heat Pump Efficiency: COP 4,0
Electrical Energy Production Modules Type 1: Second-generation hybrid PV panels Installed PV power: 5,0 kWp Modules Type 2: Hybrid PV panels (railing and acade hexagonal modules) Installed PV power: 1,0 kWp PV panels area: 77,90 m2 Estimated energy production: 8000 kWh/year
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Energy Consumption Estimated energy consumption: 3437,5 kWh/year Breakdown in kWh/year: Electrical 2392,0 + Heating/Cooling/DHW 1045,5 Energy consumption per conditioned area: 55,01 kWh/year Breakdown in kWh/year: Heating 10,21 + Cooling 8,66 + Other 35,14
Materials to increase their thermal energy storage capacity. Hybrid power system: ECOMESS PVT panels covered with transparent insulation (CTA technology). This cover allows recovering the heat of the front part of panels, improving its efficiency. Carbon dioxide heat Pump as secondary heat source. Absorption machine for house cooling. Trigeneration system. Solar Trigeneration consist in the use of solar energy to supply electricity, heating and Cooling. Electricity Generated directly by PVT panels, the heat to DHW and heating the house is obtained from the PVT cooling system and this heat is also used in summer for the absorption machine to cooling the house. Solar gain rotating upper structure. Phytodepuration.
Energy consumption Characterization: Heating: 14 % Cooling: 16 % Ventilation: 7 % Domestic Hot Water: 3 % Lighting: 7 % Appliances and Devices: 53 % Energy Balance Estimated energy balance: +4562,5 kWh/year
Cost Construction Cost: 122.450€ Industrialized Estimate Cost: 85.715€
List of Singular and Innovative Materials and Systems Thermal mass in industrialized Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) sandwich panels. These panels have cork as insulation layer and Phase Change
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Prototype SDE 10 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
Introduction & Project Main Objectives Various experiments have been conducted by the TISE Research Group1 in the building. The group has been working on designing innovative technical solutions and developing high performance, industrialized, light systems, which allow for the construction of homes with the following characteristics:
The SDE10 prototype was used as the “headquarters” of the organization during the Solar Decathlon Europe 2012 competition in the Villa Solar, just as in the previous exhibition, the Solar Decathlon Europe 2010. However, for this event, various improvements were made in the house through an upgrade in its technology.
As the building was not going to be included in the competition, it didn’t have to comply with the rules and specific restrictions. For that reason, some of its characteristics differ from the rest of the prototypes. However, the construction was strongly influenced by the need for easy assembly/ disassembly.
• Industrialized systems • Versatile systems • High quality • Efficient construction • Spatial and formal resolution, customized and adapted to the needs of the client • Improved conditions of sustainability, and optimization of energy-related costs and of the life cycle of the building • Bioclimatic architecture • Environmental intelligence system • Maximum use of solar thermal and photovoltaic energy for maximizing energy efficiency • Integration of active and passive systems
Consequently, the prototype was used, before and after the two Solar Decathlon Europe competitions, for research demonstrations and as an experimental building. To that end, the building was taken to and brought back from Montegancedo, the Campus of Excellence of the UPM, in Madrid.
The SD10 Prototype is not a house itself, the design comes from a collective housing design which was the result of the research activities of the INVISO (Industrialized sustainable building) project. Thus, the SD10 building is a prototype of the basic unit that will be replicated in a block.
The original objective of the project was to develop a new, industrialized, lightweight, sustainable, and energy efficient construction system. The system would be competitive and focus on energy saving and related GHG emissions.
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SDE2010 Prototype Improvements For SDE2012 Edition
In order to reduce the energy consumption of the building, we used the following strategies:
Of all the improvements included in the SDE2010 prototype, the most outstanding has been the control and monitoring of the entire system, through a management tool, based on KNX standards, with centralization and monitoring through the Smart City Centre. Through simple control elements and monitoring devices, this house demonstrates that technology and simplicity can work together for perfect functionality.
• Shape was a factor considered for the climate in which the building was to be located, i.e. a compact shape, most favorable for the extreme temperatures and dry climate of Madrid. • Composition, size and location of glazing surfaces were designed according to external and internal conditions. • Solar protection devices were designed according to the directional orientation of the prototype. • Composition of enclosures was based on highperformance multilayered elements, which is to say highly efficient components. • Cross ventilation and evaporative cooling systems were used. • Construction System: The 3D-2D module system was designed to reduce transportation costs, preventing them from having to be carried as empty modules. As a consequence of this decision, the mechanical room, the bathroom and the kitchen had to be placed in 3D modules, and the living areas in 2D modules.
The operation and control of the house is carried out through conventional buttons and/or “in situ” installed screens, as well as through “smartphone” type phones, and actual digital tablets, making use of equally easy-to-manage, intuitive applications. Basically, the above mentioned system includes control of the following facilities: • Air conditioning – floors and roofs with radiant cooling, hidden from sight but with easy access for maintenance purposes. • Ventilation – with recycled heat and humidity, reintroduced to the interior air cycle taking advantage of the dispelled energy as a new energy source. • Making use of exterior temperature and luminosity, for minimizing energy consumptionwith the installation of exterior sensors that control the wind speed, rain and solar light intensity on the different faces of the structure of the house. This enhances savings because artificial energy production is only used to meet the needs that are not already covered through natural resources. • Thermal and photovoltaic energy production, with solar radiation receptacles. Use of these natural resources to directly produce part of the energy which is supplemented by artificially generated energy.
Invisible Air Conditioning System Invisible Air conditioning in floors with radiant cooling systems consists of circuits of reinforced polyethylene plastic tubes. These tubes, through which water circulates at the required temperature, cover the whole floor of the house. One single system is used throughout the year, with heating in winter (with water at approximately 40ºC) and cooling in summer (with water temperatures around 16ºC), capable of generating and keeping an ideal comfortable temperature at home. The Invisible Air conditioning system provides at least 20% energy savings compared to conventional energy sources, going up to 80% savings when combined with renewable energy usage (such as the geothermal, solar thermal, or absorption), also reducing CO2 emissions in the same proportion. Moreover, this system helps to maintain clear and open spaces, without obstacles, providing between 3 to 5 % more usable area, since the solution is integrated to the structure of the house.
Architectural Design Prototype SD10 was designed in accordance with functional and bioclimatic criteria. In terms of functionality, the prototype had to provide a space large enough to meet the needs of the program and perform tasks necessary for the construction. We also wanted to design a fast and simple, cutting-edge, assembly and disassembly system that would revolutionize the industry. In terms of bioclimatic architecture, our goal was first and foremost to lower energy use and, secondly, to use renewable energy.
Comfort Ventilation System With Heat Recovery An enthalpy heat exchanger with moisture recovery prevents excessive dryness of the air during the winter and an excess of humidity during the summer. Moreover, this systems guarantees the homogenous replenishment of used air used with fresh air.
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With a constant increase in energy costs, the recycling of up to approximately 95% of used heat and the use of renewable energy enables significant financial savings in energy consumption. In addition, by reducing excess humidity in the air, it prevents the appearance of mold produced due to a lack of ventilation.
The most outstanding benefits of these systems are the following: • Maximum comfort thanks to a much more natural system of thermal exchange, without air flow, dust movement and/or noise circulation. • Level and uniform temperature due to a massive exchange surface, without warm and/or cold focal points, as in traditional air conditioning systems. • Maximum efficiency, thanks to the high work temperature in summer (15ºC) and to the low water impulsion temperature in winter (30ºC). • Complete design freedom, with the possibility of making use of 100% of usable area, thereby presenting opportunities for architectural solutions. • Control system based on the management of dew points, independent for each room and its demoisturization. • Continuous management of demoisturization, always ensuring the correct level of moisture for obtaining the maximum performance of the system at any given moment. • Open communication procedure for the integration of the system with other general supervision systems. • No limitations regarding areas to condition. One single switchboard can be used for any type of building.
Radiant Air Conditioning Radiant air conditioning allows for a stable climate both in summer and in winter, an air conditioning system which, without the problems of traditional air conditioning, guarantees a temperature and humidity perfect for the requirements of the human body at any time of the year. The Radiant Air conditioning system for roofs saves between 35 to 50% of normal energy consumption. The energy required is less and the performance of the machinery better because of the functioning temperatures which are much more favorable (heating to 28 - 32ºC and refrigeration to 14-18ºC). The interface of the control system is simple and easy to use. The underlying technology is completely clear for the user. The control of temperature and moisture in the rooms is automatic, making use of its integrated demoisturizing feature for guaranteeing absolute humidity control at all times. Therefore, this system always offers the maximum cooling capacity without any type of condensation risk.
Singular And Special Systems Or House Elements The prototype SD10 is currently located at PAAS (Automation Platform for Sustainable Architecture). It is being used for research purposes by the TISE group.
Solar Panels High efficiency polycrystalline solar cells and a high transmission textured solar glass enhance the efficiency of the module to approximately 15,4 %, therefore minimizing the installation costs while maximizing the energy production of the system per surface unit.
The TISE Research Group have been working for the past few years on several research projects concerning industrialization, sustainability, energy efficiency, and acoustics in buildings. The group also carried out the organization of SDE2010 and SDE2012.
An exact positive tolerance of-0W to +5W ensures power equal or more than nominal values in the modules, therefore facilitating minimal waste in the dispersion parameters and improving the performance of the system. Solar panels are built on aluminum frames, resistant to corrosion, robust, and tested independently to resist winds of 2,4 kPa and snow of 5,4 kPa, assuring a stable mechanical life of the modules. The packing is prepared to protect the modules during transport and to minimize waste during the installation.
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Plumbing scheme
Heating and cooling scheme
Envelope assembly process
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Longitudinal section
Details of modular green roof with cistern
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CREDITS
Members of the SDEurope 2012 Teams Members of the SDEurope 2012 Organization
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CREDITS 01. ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE D’ARCHITECTURE DE GRENOBLE, FRANCE Team Officers: Communications Coordinator: Benjamin Le Naour (ENSAG), Construction Manager: Aurélien Messa (ENSAG), Contest Captain: Maxime Bonnevie (ENSAG), Electrical Engineer: Pierre Canat (GE2I), Faculty Advisor: Pascal Rollet (ENSAG), HS Team Coordinators: Vincent Juif & Guilhem Lessaire (Polytech Savoie), Instrumentation Contact: Antoine Curdy (GE2I), Project Architect: Nicolas Dubus (ENSAG), Project Engineers: Laurent Tochon & Thomas Jusselme (ENSAG), Project Manager: Maxime Bonnevie (ENSAG), Safety Officer: Vincent Juif & Guilhem Lessaire (Polytech Savoie), Site operations coordinator: Guilhem Lessaire (Polytech Savoie), Structural Engineer: François Rozay (Compagnons du Tour de France), Student Team Leader: Christophe de Tricaud (ENSAG), Cost Estimator: Maxime Bonnevie (ENSAG), Fire Watch Captain: Timur Ersen (ENSAL), Sponsorship Manager: Vincent Jacques Le Seigneur (INES). Decathletes: Architecture and Urban Design Master Class 2010-2011 Preliminary Design: Christophe De Tricaud (ENSAG), Aurélien Messa (ENSAG), Architecture & Urban Design Master Class 2011-2012 Project Development + Competition: Guillaume Bessière (ENSAG), Antoine Chavanne (ENSAG), Pierre Dallaporta (ENSAL), Estelle Delahaye Panchout (ENSAG), Damien Demeure (ENSAG), Timothée Dietz (ENSAL), Maximilien Dumont (ENSAL), Cécile Ermel (ENSAL), Timur Ersen (ENSAL), Nathalia Eon Duval (ENSAG), François Grimal (ENSAG), Fanny Jacquet (ENSAG), Lydie Lahitette Larroque (ENSAG), Hanyu Li (ENSAG), Benjamin Le Naour (ENSAG), Marielle Martin (ENSAG), Hugo Rigard (ENSAG), Engineering & Construction: Antoine Curdy – Electricity, BMS & PV (GE2I), Adel Djellouli – Energy Management (ENSE3), Romain Bazile – HVAC & Plumbing (Polytech), Vincent Juif – Construction (Polytech Savoie), Yanis Hadj-Said - Energy Management (ENSE3), Camille Latremoliere – Energy (ENSE3), Guilhem Lessaire – Construction (Polytech Savoie), Romain Maglione – HVAC & Plumbing (Polytech), Julien Pichot – Electricity, BMS & PV (GE2I), Sébastien Queyrel – Electricity & BMS (GE2I), Tristan Scheid – Energy Management (ENSE3), Interior Design: Caroline Lopez (ENSAG), Caroline Sergent (ENSAG), Jeanne Vauthier (ENSAG), Construction and Competition in Madrid: Amélie Aublanc (ENSAL), Gauthier Boutiot (ENSAG), Delphine Bugaud (ENSAG), Clément Daneau (ENSAG), Florence Declavaillère (ENSAL), Florent Faye (ENSAG), Alice Gras (ENSAG), Caroline Jobard (ENSAL), François Lis (ENSAG), Manuel Mancho Sánchez (ENSAL), Anne-Lise Noyerie (ENSAL), Marcel Sewanou (ENSAG), Valentine Vaupré (ENSAG), Nicolas Vernet (ENSAG), Anais Vigneron (ENSAL), Laure Villedieu (ENSAL), Cooking: Patricia Lefeuvre – Institut Paul Bocuse, Navneet Yadav - Institut Paul Bocuse, Team Crew in Madrid: Jean-Luc Amalberti – Electricity (GE2I), Jonathan Arengi – Electricity (GE2I), Olivier Balaÿ – Acoustic (Cresson), Pierre Canat – Electricity (GE2I), Quentin Chansavang – Video & web TV, Nicolas Dubus – Architecture & Construction, Sébastien Freitas – Architecture & Construction, Jean-Marie Le Tiec – Architecture & Construction, Sylvain Galmiche – VESTA System, Pascal Gantet – Sponsors and Partners - (INES), Alban Guerry -Suire – Graphic Design & Video, Daniel Hilaire – Electricity (GE2I), Audrey Joly – Sponsors and Partners – (INES), Thomas Jusselme – Engineering & Construction, Judicaël Lambert – Gypsum board & paintings, Joël Latouche – Acoustic (Thermibel), Yves Lembeye – Electricity (GE2I), Roland Mathieu – Construction & logistic - (GAIA), Stéphane Ploix – Energy Management, Laurent Tochon – Engineering & Construction. Scientific Committee: Alain Maugard, Chairman, (Engineer of Ponts & Chaussées, after fifteen years as President of Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment CSTB, Mr Maugard is now member of the General Council for Environment and President of the « Risks, Security & Safety » section), Daniel Lincot (Chemist- French specialist of photovoltaïc effect, Director of Electrochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (LECA UMR 7575 CNRS/ ENSCP/UPMC) at Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris (ENSCP), Adjunct Director of Research and Development Institute on Photovoltaïc Energy (IRDEP UMR 7174 CNRS/EDF/ENSCP), Henri Van Damme (Physicist - Director of research at LCPC, Professor at Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la ville de Paris since 1999, he is a specialist of very high performance concrete, works with CRAterre on the « Matière en Grains » program), Marie-Hélène Contal (Architect - She currently works at Institut Français d’Architecture, she is in charge of the Global Award Competition organized by the Cité du Patrimoine et de l’Architecture CAPA – Paris), Real Jantzen (Former special councilor of the President at Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie, Paris, he is a specialist in scientific popularization), Benoît Parayre (Inspector at Conseil Général de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable, MEDDTL – Paris), Alain Lecomte (Inspector at Conseil Général de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable, président de la 3ème section, in charge of the French Mission for SDE 2014 Organization, MEDDTL – Paris). Steering Committee: Jean-Michel Knop (Architect-Urban Planner of the State. Director of ENSAG), Nathalie Mezureux (Architect-Urban Planner of the State. Director of ENSAL), Michel-André Durand (GAIA Director), Pascal Rollet (Architect. Professor at ENSAG. Faculty Advisor), Vincent Jacques Le Seigneur (INES General Secretary. Communication and Partnerships. Coordination), Patrice Doat (Architect. Professor at ENSAG. Earth construction experimentations), Vincent Mangematin (Professor at GEM. Management of Innovation), Olivier Balaÿ (Architect. Professor at ENSAL. Ambiances), Pascal Perrotin (Professor at Polytech’ Annecy-Chambéry (University of Savoie). Building Sciences), Stéphane Ploix (Professor at ENSE3. Energy and Electricity Management), Daniel Quenard (Head of Physics and Characterization of Materials Division
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of CSTB), Yves Lembeye (Professor at GEII (University Joseph Fourier). Electrical Systems), Laurent Chicoineau (CCSTI Grenoble Director. University Stendhal Professor. Scientific communication). ENSAG Faculty Team members: Romain Anger (Building Physics Engineer. PhD INSA Lyon - CRAterre. Researcher at AE&CC), Anne-Monique Bardagot (Ethnologist. Assistant Professor of Sociology. Researcher at AE&CC), Olivier Baverel (Structural Engineer. Assistant Professor of Building Sciences. HDR. Researcher at AE&CC), Maxime Bonnevie (Architect - SDE Project Manager. Researcher at AE&CC, Quentin Chansavang Architect - DSA Earth Construction), Anne Coste (Architect. Professor of Theory and History of Architecture (HDR). «Cultures Constructives» Laboratory Scientific Director. Researcher at AE&CC), Patrice Doat (Architect. Professor of Building Sciences. CRAterre Scientific Director. Researcher at AE&CC), Nicolas Dubus (Architect. Associate Professor of Architecture. Researcher at AE&CC), Sébastien Freitas (Architect. Lecturer in Architecture), Jean-Christophe FLUHR Energetic Engineer. Lecturer in Building Physics, Laetitia FONTAINE (Building Physics Engineer (PhD INSA Lyon - CRAterre). Researcher at AE&CC), Cédric Gaillard (Architect. Lecturer for Steel Construction Module), Philippe Garnier (Architect. Associate Professor of Architecture), Hugo Gasnier (Architect – DSA Earth Construction), Hubert Guillaud (Architect. Professor of Building Sciences (HDR). AE&CC Research Laboratory co-director), Hugo Houben (Engineer-Researcher CRAterre), Thomas Jusselme (Ecodesign Engineer. Associate Professor of Building Sciences. Researcher at AE&CC), Bruno Marielle (Architect. Associate Professor for Wood Construction Module), SuzannahO’Carroll (Associate Professor of Language for Architecture (English). Researcher at AE&CC), Guillaume Pradelle (Architect. Lecturer in Architecture), Pascal Rollet (Architect - SDE Faculty Advisor. Professor of Architecture and Urban Design. AE&CC Research Laboratory co-director), Stéphane Sadoux (Urban Planner. Assistant Professor of Urban Planning. Researcher at AE&CC), Walter Simone (Computer graphics & renderings. Lecturer in Computer Sciences), Milena Stefanova (Architect. Assistant Professor. Interior Design), Laurent Tochon (Energetic Engineer. Lecturer in Building Physics), François Vitoux (Architect. Assistant Professor. Interior design). ENSAL faculty team members: Olivier Balaÿ (Professor of Architecture and Urban Design. Researcher at CRESSON), Jacques Scrittori (Lecturer in Architecture), Rémi Mouterde (Professor of Building Sciences. Researcher at LAF). GEM faculty team members: Guillaume Lafont (Lecturer in Building Market Viability), Vincent Mangematin (Professor of Management), Mélanie Perruchione (Lecturer in Communication), Laura Sperandio (Public Relation), Amélie Boutinot (PhD in progress at GEM. Lecturer in Management. Team Rhône-Alpes communication contact), Caroline Gauthier (Lecturer in Marketing & Sustainable Development). Polytech Annecy-Chambéry faculty team members: Étienne Wurtz (Building Physics Engineer. Professor of Thermal Physics. CNRS Research Director), Pascal Perrotin (Structural Engineer. Assistant Professor in Building Sciences researcher at LOCI), Fanny Deloche (Administration and Finances). ENSE3 faculty team members: Stéphane Ploix (Energy Management Engineer. Professor at ENSE3 and researcher at INPG). Stendhal University - CST faculty team members: Laurent Chicoineau (Science and Technology Communication), Joëlle Bourgin (Professor in Science and Technology Communication). GEII faculty team member: Yves Lembeye (Director of GEII), Jean-Luc Amalberti (Assistant Professor of Electrical Technology), Jonathan Arangi (Assistant Professor of Electrical Technology), Pierre Canat (Assistant Professor of Electrical Technology), Daniel Hilaire (Assistant Professor of Electrical Technology). Les Compagnons du Tour de France team members: François Rozay (Wood carpentry Training Officer. F.C.M.B.), Jean-Christophe Vernay (Head of Compagnons du Tour de France. Training Program in Rhône-Alpes Area. F.C.M.B.). CSTB team members: Daniel Quenard (Head of Physics and Caracterization of Materials Division), Robert Copé Former (Director of CSTB Research), Lætitia Arantes (PhD in progress at CSTB. ENSAG/CSTB joint research program on «energetic behaviour of Core-Skin-Shell design for high rise buildings»), Alexandra Lebert (ELODIE Program Manager), Julien Hans (Head of Environment Division), Yves Marcoux (Housing and Transportation. Convergence Program Manager). ENTPE team members: Jean-Baptiste Lesort (Director), Laurent Arnaud (Professor of Civil Engineering). Les Grands Ateliers de l’Isle d’Abeau team members: Michel-André Durand. (Director), Patrice Doat (Chairman of the Board of Administration), Bruno Vincent (Experimentations Coordination), Joël Gourgan (Communication), Roland Mathieu (Technical Support), Maurice Nicolas (Technical Support), Orlane Bechet (Accountant), Françoise Aubry (Secretary). INES team members: Vincent Jacques-Le-Seigneur (General Secretary), Philippe Papillon (Solar thermal systems), Françoise Burgun (Head of Integration of solar systems in buildings Program), Jean-Louis Six (Head of Smart Building Program - CEA), Pascal Gantet (Partnership and sponsoring), Anaïs Schneider (Communication), Estelle Bonhomme (Communication & PR), Jean-Pierre Joly (Director), Olivier Flechon (Integration of solar systems in buildings), Cathy Barthelemy (Integration of solar systems in buildings), Audrey Joly (Secretary and Finances), Franck Barruel (Energy & Transportation). HEIG-VD team members: Stéphane Citherlet (Professor of Buildings Energetics. LESBAT researcher), Didier Favre (Ph.D student at Heig-vd). UNIGE Groupe Energie. Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement team members: Pierre Hollmüller (Researcher at Institut Forel), Anthony Haroutunian (Researcher at Institut Forel). ENSAG administration: Jean Michel Knop (Director), Lucie Scotet (Vice Director), Hélène Casalta (Research Department & Partnership), Franck Bichindaritz (Head of Logistic & Technical Services), Françoise Poncet (Director’s Secretary), Nathalie Marie-Louise (Professional Training & Internship ), Aurélien Fricot (General Accountant Agent), Laurence Rousseau-Dubourg (Accountant Agent Assistant), Sylvia Bardos (Finances Department), Isabelle Escande (Finances Department), Anne-Lyse Hubert (Finances Department), Brigitte Champsavoir (Communication), Martine Halotier (Master Administration), Colette Ioan (HMO Administration), Alain Louet (GAIA
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Coordination), Frédéric Nougier (Computer Equipment & Network), Stéphane Pantaléo (Computer Equipment & Network), Mathias Tardieu (Computer Equipment & Network), José Faria (Logistics), Lucien Géré (Logistics), Paolo Sciarappa (Logistics), Laurent Rivollet (Receptionist). ENSAL administration: Nathalie Mezureux (Director), Jean-François Agier (General Secretary), David Comte (Communication), Martine Heyde (Head of Teaching Department), Luc Bousquet (Research and Partnership Department). Institut Paul Bocuse administration: Henry Clavijo - (Director Master’s Programme), Simone Bischoff - (Relations Career & Internship), Pascal Lamoussière - (Responsable Programme Arts Culinaires. ENSAG & ENSAL SDE 2012 Joint Master Class 2010-2011: Julien BRUNET - (ENSAL), Elodi CANO – (ENSAL), Samuel CHAPUIS-BREYTON – (ENSAG), Yoann CHAUSSINAND – (ENSAG), Fanny LAPERTOT – (ENSAG) , Sophie PROTIÈRE – (ENSAL), Cristian PORTILLO-ESCOBAR – (ENSAL), Mélanie MATHEVET – (ENSAG), Alexandre VIAL-TISSOT – (ENSAG). ENSAG & ENSAL SDE 2012 Joint Master Class 2011-2012: Guillaume BESSIERES - (ENSAG), Caroline BLANC - (ENSAG), Antoine CHAVANNE - (ENSAG), Pierre DALLAPORTA - (ENSAL), Timothée DIETZ - (ENSAL), Damien DEMEURE - (ENSAG), Estelle DELAHAY – PANCHOUT - (ENSAG), Eduardo DUARTE AZEVEDO - (ENSAG), Maximilien DUMONT - (ENSAL), Cécile ERMEL - (ENSAL), Timur ERSEN. (ENSAL), Natalia EON DUVAL - (ENSAG), Carole FOURNIER - (ENSAG), François GRIMAL - (ENSAG), Fanny JACQUET - (ENSAG), Benjamin LE NAOUR - (ENSAG), Lydie LAHITETTE-LAROQUE - (ENSAG), Hanyu LI - (ENSAG), Marielle MARTIN - (ENSAG), Amine MEKKIBERRADA - (ENSAG), Hugo RIGARD - (ENSAG). ENSAG HMO (Professional License) Architects: Christophe DE TRICAUD - (ENSAG), Aurélien MESSA - (ENSAG). ENSAG Interior Design Class (DPEA Design): Amine AIT HAMOUDA, Siham BAKHTAOUI, Chuan CHUAN LI, Asal HAZRATI, Iana KHARINA, Laurie LIS, Caroline LOPEZ, Pauline MARMET, Ulysse MARTEL, Julien MICELI, Pejman MIRZAEI, Zeynep SENER, Anastasia SOKOLNIKOVA, Caroline SERGENT, Ahn TRUONG DAO, Jeanne VAUTHIER, Patricia WILLIAMS, Meanmakkah YOTHAKUL, Fei ZHOU. GEM master students: Aline BACONNEAU, Maxime BARONNIER, Gabriel BLAISE, Lauren CONSTANT, Mélodie DE WAELE, Charlotte FOURNIER - BIDOZ, Céline GEHIER, Chloé HINAULT, Julie REAL, Julien RINGOT. GEII DUT students:Ryad BEGHIDJAWalid BENGARALI, Romain BRETIERE, Martin CARRE, Jeremy CHEVALIER, Anthony CRINIERE, Geoffray COLLET, Antoine CURDY, Jérémi FARAVELON, Laurent GIRAUD, Mathieu GINET, Abdoulaye GUEYE, Mehdi HACHANI, Geoffray HOUTMANN, Hervé LAZARRO, Guillaume MORVAN, Sophian M’RAD, Julien PICHOT, Sebastien QUEYREL, Aymerick SAURAT. Polytech Annecy-Chambery master students: Pascal ANTONI, Romain BAZILE, Sylvain BURSI, Vincent JUIF, Guilhem LESSAIRE, Romain MAGLIONE, Guillaume MASSON, Lucie VIAT. ENSE3 master students:, Quentin BOCH, Heiroti DAUPHIN, Adel DJELLOULI, Elise GOUJAUD, Yanis HADJ-SAID, Maëlle KABIR-QUERREC, Timothy KRUGER, Camille LATREMOLIERE, Benoit LECHAT, Jessica LEO, Paul LIONNET, Chafaa MEGHZI, Clémence PUZIN, Mathieu RAMOND, Arthur RIGO, Tristan SCHEID, Yacine ZEM. Université Stendhal CST master students: Maud BONRAISIN, Héloïse BOUILLARD, Ariane CHOLLET, Amélie COULET, Tristan DE LEO, Antoine LE GAL, Julie LHUILLIER, Sophie NEUDERT, Phillipe PASSEBON, Rémy PADILLA, Julie SUEL, Alix THUILLIER. Institut Paul Bocuse master students: Patricia LEFEUVRE, Navneet YADAV. 02. UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA + JAÉN + GRANADA + MÁLAGA, SPAIN University of Seville Coordination: Javier Terrados Cepeda (Faculty Advisor), David Moreno Rangel, Fernando Suárez Corchete, Antonio Lara Bocanegra, Juan José Sendra Salas, Javier García López. University of Seville Students: Konstantino Tousidonis Rial (Architecture FP), José Luis Castillo Ramos (Postgraduate), Adrián Caballero Zambrano (Architecture 5), Alberto Cortés Vaz (Architecture 5), F.Jesús Lizana Moral (Architecture 5), Antonio José Serrano Jiménez (Architecture 5), Elena Misa Borrego (Postgraduate), Manuel Fernández Expósito (Postgraduate), Alfonso Guajardo-Fajardo Cruz (Postgraduate ), Paula De Ugarte Candil (Postgraduate), Laura Guerrero Serrano (Architecture FP), María González Oyonarte (Architecture FP), María Cano Gómez (Architecture), Carlos Cerezo Dávila (Postgraduate), Ana Cabrera Pérez (Journalist), Maria Jesús Ballesteros Luque (Journalist), Carlos Reynolds Moyano (Postgraduate), Juan Carlos Herrera Pueyo (Postgraduate), Lucía Perianes Pajares (Architecture FP), Elena López Ortego (Postgraduate), Márica Vazzana (Postgraduate), Jorge Gómez Cobacho (Architecture FP). University of Granada Coordination: Elisa Valero Ramos, Rafael García Quesada, Francisco Del Corral Del Campo, Julián Domene García. University of Granada Students: Juan José Rodríguez García (Architecture 5), Juan Bermúdez Linares (Architecture 5), Carmen Vázquez Moreno (Postgraduate), José Carlos Chamorro Cerón (Architecture 5), Juan Carlos García Domingo (Architecture 5), Aarón Rico Palao (Architecture 5). University of Málaga Coordination: Alberto García Marín, Juan Antonio Marín Malavé, Jorge Barrios Corpa, Rafael Assiego De Lárriva. University of Málaga Students: Alberto Aguilar Vázquez (Architecture 5), Carmen Díaz Sánchez (Architecture FP), Paula Márquez Cortés (Architecture 5), Alberto Montiel Lozano (Architecture 5), Ezequiel Rodríguez Barranco (Architecture 5), Rubén Pérez Belmonte (Architecture 5), F Javier Pavón Fernández (Architecture 5), David Ramírez Martín (Postgraduate). University of Jaén Coordination: Jorge Aguilera Tejero, Juan De La Casa Higueras, Gabino Almonacid Puche, Juan Gómez Ortega, Javier Gámez García. University of Jaén Students: Beatriz García Domingo (Postgraduate), Miguel Cabrera Eximan (Industrial Engineering FP), Rosa Rubio T. (Electronic Engineering), Miguel Torres Ramírez (Postgraduate), Miguel López Aránega (T. Industrial Engineering), Álvaro Cabrerizo (Industrial Engineering), Laura Pozo Moreno (T. Industrial Engineering), Paula Almonacid Olleros (Postgraduate), Francisco Ávila Lizana (Industrial Org. Engineering),
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Ruth Prieto Aguilera T. (Industrial Engineering). Team Officers: Javier Terrados Cepeda (Faculty Advisor), Rodrigo Morillo–Velarde Santos (Project Manager), Alberto García Marín (Construction Manager), José Luis Castillo Ramos (Construction M. Assistant), Javier Terrados Cepeda (Project Architect), Jorge Aguilera Tejero (Project Engineer), Jorge Barrios Corpa (Structural Engineer M), Juan De la Casa Higueras (Electrical Engineer), Konstantino Tousidonis Rial (Student Team Leader), Paula De Ugarte Candil (Health & Safety Officer), David Moreno Rangel (Fire Watch Captain), Luz Baco Castro (Contest Captain), Javier Gámez García (Instrumentation Contact), Rodrigo Morillo–Velarde Santos (Communications Coordinator), Rodrigo Morillo–Velarde Santos (Sponsorship Manager). 03. UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI ROMA TRE + SAPIENZA UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA + FREE UNIVERSITY OF BOZEN + FRAUNHOFER ITALY, ITALY Research & Management Universitá degli studi Roma di Tre: Chiara Tonelli (Faculty Advisor, Senior Lecturer, Environmental design, Architectural Technology), Stefano Converso (Project Manager, Research Fellow), Valentina Taibi (Project Manager Staff, Collaborator), Maria Leporelli (Student Team Leader, Master Degree in Architecture, Roma TRE), Pamela Moretto & Chiara Pepe (Secretariat). Design & Construction Universitá degli studi Roma di Tre: Gabriele Bellingeri (Construction Manager, Associate Professor, Environmental Design, Architectural Technology), Luigi Franciosini (Project Architect, Full Professor, Architectural and Urban Design,), Francesca Geremia (Mediterranean Building Tradition, Senior Lecturer, Architectural Restore), Alfredo Passeri (Quantity Survey, Senior Lecturer, Estimate, Quantity Survey), Michele Zampilli (Mediterranean Building Tradition, Senior Lecturer, Architectural Restore), Francesco R.Ghio (Landscape Designer, Senior Lecturer, Landscape Design), Massimo Catalani (Artist), Carmine Guarino (Landscape designer, Botanic, University of Sannio), Mario Marziano (Landscape designer, Botanic, University of Sannio), Cristina Casadei (Project Architect, Teaching Assistant), Daniele Micozzi (Quantity Survey, Teaching Assistant), Valentina Pini (Quantity Survey, Teaching Assistant), Angnese Pizzuti (Quantity Survey, Teaching Assistant), Valentina Urbini (Design Visualization, Teaching Assistant), Aurora Berna Berionni (Student-Public Tour, Bachelor degree in Architecture, 3rd Year), Enrico Caiolo (Student-Public Tour, Bachelor degree in Architecture, 3rd Year), M.Francesca Di Alessandro (StudentPublic Tour, Bachelor degree in Architecture), Carlo Alberto Di Carlo (Student-Public Tour, Bachelor degree in Architecture), Marco Neri (Design Visualization, Bachelor degree in Architecture, 3rd Year), Riccardo Magnisi (Student – Drawings, Master degree in Architecture), Fabio Liberati (Student - Photographer, Bachelor degree in Architecture). Energy & Climate Universitá degli studi Roma di Tre: Marco Frascarolo (Daylighting & Lighting, Senior Lecturer, Building Physic), Francesco Bianchi (Acoustic Field, Associate Professor, Building Physic), Gaia Romeo (Materials, Teaching Assistant), Francesca Fieri (Energetical Strategy Staff, Teaching Assistant), Mario Grimaudo (Contest Captain, Research Fellow), Nicola Del Buono (PV-System Engineer), Antonino Casale (Electrical Engineer), Massimo Del Buono (PV-System, Master degree in Architecture), Marta Pellegrini (StudentEnergetical Strategy Staff, Master degree in Architecture, 2nd year), Stefano Martorelli (Lighting, Bachelor degree in Architecture, 3rd year), Valeria Vitale (Lighting, Master degree in Architecture, 2nd Year). Tests & Models on the Energetic Behavior Libera Universitá di Bolzano & Frauenhofer Italia: Cristina Benedetti (Project Engineer, Full Professor, Architectural Technology), Irene Paradisi (MEP & Energetical Simulation, Research Fellow), Gabriele Pasetti Monizza (Rules & Laws Verifying, Reseacrh Fellow), Ilaria Brauer (Master Student-Thermoigrometric assesment, 2nd year, Lub University), Elisa Cum (Master Student-Laboratory, 1st, Lub University), Diana Di Palma (Master Student-Graphic, 1st, Lub University), Giulia Fatarella (Master Student-Thermoigrometric assesment, 2nd year, Lub University), Maria Teresa Girasoli (PhD Student-Energy Consultancy Chief, 3rd year. Lub University), Marianna Marchesi (PhD Student-Detail Design, 2nd year, Lub University), Julia Ratajczak (Master Student-Virtual modelling, 1st year, Lub University), Matteo Rondoni (MEP & Energetical Simulation, 2nd year, Lub University), Maurita Glorioso (3D Modeling), Christian Kofler (Student-Thermoigrometric assesment, 2nd year, Lub University), Matteo Martinelli (Student-Thermoigrometric assesment, 2nd year, Lub University), Tommaso Prati (Student-Thermoigrometric assesment, 2nd year, Lub University). Structures & Safety Universitá degli studi Roma di Tre: Ginevra Salerno (Structural Engineer, Associate Professor, Structural Mechanics), Flaminia De Rossi (Health & Safety, Architect), Giulia Maranesi (Health & Safety, Collaborator), Ugo Carusi (Student-Structural Engineer, Master degree in Civil engineering, 2nd year), Francesco Cusani (StudentConstruction Modelling, Master degree in architecture, 2nd year), Claudio Vittori Antisari (Student-Construction Modelling, Master degree in architecture, 2nd year), Mario Falcone (Health & Safety, Bachelor degree in architecture, 3rd year, La Sapienza). Industrial & Interior Design Universitá La Sapienza: Tonino Paris (Industrial Design Team Manager, Full profesor), Vincenzo Cristallo (Industrial Design, Lecturer), Sabrina Lucibello (Industrial Design, Senior Lecturer), Andrea Ettorre (Industrial Design, Collaborator), Elisabetta Furin (StudentIndustrial Designer), Giulia Nicolucci (Student- Industrial Designer, Master degree in industrial design, 1st year), Danilo Perozzi (Student- Industrial Designer, Bachelor degree in industrial design, 2nd year), Mario Raduazzo (Student- Industrial Designer, Master degree in industrial design, 1st year), Vincenzo Romano (StudentIndustrial Designer, Bachelor degree in industrial design, 2nd year), Valentina Santillo (Student- Industrial Designer, Bachelor degree in industrial design, 2nd year), Francesca Simoni (Student- Industrial Designer, Bachelor degree in industrial design, 2nd year), Andrea Spadaccini (Student- Industrial Designer, Bachelor
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degree in industrial design, 2nd year), Alan Zirpoli (Student- Industrial Designer, Bachelor degree in industrial design, 2nd year). Market Viability Universitá degli studi Roma di Tre: Carlo Alberto Pratesi (Sponsorship Manager, Full Professor, Economy, Fundraising & Marketing), Constanza Nosi (Marketing, Senior Lecturer, Economy, Fundraising & Marketing), Ludovica Principato (Online Communication, Research Fellow), Simonetta Lombardo (Communication Coordinator), Paola Richard (Press Office), Eleonora Velluto (Online Communication, Bachelor degree in architecture, 1st year). Fashion Design Academy of Costume and Fashion: Sergio Ciucci (Fashion Coordinator, Full professor, Fashion Design), Maria Di Napoli (Project Coordinator), Olivier Di Gianni (Communication & Press), Piergiorgio Meschini (Student- Fashion designer, Bachelor degree in fashion design, 1st year), Marco Marrone (Student- Fashion designer, Bachelor degree in fashion design, 2nd year), Antonella Domingo (Student- Fashion designer, Bachelor degree in fashion design, 1st year), Francesca Ricci (StudentFashion designer, Bachelor degree in fashion design, 2nd year), Marzia Graziani (Student- Fashion designer, Bachelor degree in fashion design, 2nd year), Virginia Parisi (Student- Fashion designer, Bachelor degree in fashion design, 2nd year). 04. UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES KONSTANZ, GERMANY Faculty Members: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thomas Stark (Project Manager SDE 2012, Faculty of Architecture, Institute of energy-efficient design), Prof. Valentin Wormbs (Faculty of Communications Design, Dean for Architecture and Design), Prof. Dr. Udo Schelling (Faculty of Engineering), Prof. Dr. Ing. Markus Faltlhauser (Faculty of Architecture, Construction), Prof. Lydia Haack (Faculty of Architecture, Architecture), Hubert Jauch (Faculty of Architecture, Energy Conception), Tilmann Weber (Faculty of Architecture, Architecture and Construction), Hartmut Maurus (Faculty of Architecture, Solar Building Envelope), Lena Schönrock M.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Coordination, University Contact, Finances), Dipl.-Ing. Christopher Klages (Faculty of Architecture, Support, Finances), Andreas Grimm M.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Lighting Design), Prof. Andreas Bechtold (Faculty of Communications Design, Dean for Communication Design), Prof. Eberhard Schlag (Faculty of Architecture and Communications Design, Design and Interior), Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Francke (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Timber Building). Collaborators: Arnold Harfmann (Schneider Electric, electrical engineering), Stefan Fischer (Sunways, Photovoltaic), Markus Brühwiler (BRUAG, Laser cutting), Mr. Stephan (Stadt Konstanz, Marketing), Mr. Hamann (Electro Mobility), Kay-Uwe Dingeldein (Zumtobel, lighting design). Student Operative Board: Daniela Müller B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Communications, Organization), Bettina Großhardt B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Communications, Organization), Jakob Winter M.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Architecture, Organization), Matthias Fortenbacher M.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Sponsoring, Organization), Andreas Längle B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Energy efficiency and Interior), Linda Wenninger B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Communications), Philipp Kupprion B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Architecture), Florian Eggert B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Construction), Jan Heider B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Energy), Johannes Kimmerle B.A. (Faculty of Architecture, Energy). Team Officers: Faculty Advisor: Prof. Dr. Ing. Thomas Stark, Project Manager: Lena Schönrock, Construction Manager: Florian Eggert B.A., Project Architect: Philipp Kupprion B.A., Project Engineer: Andreas Längle B.A., Structural Engineer: Prof. Dr. Ing. Markus Faltlhauser, Electrical Engineer: Michael Möhrle, Student Team Leader: Student Operative Board, HS Team Coordinator: Dipl. - Ing. Thomas Broghammer, Safety Officers: Bettina Grosshardt B.A., Linda Wenninger B.A., Christiane Thörner B.A, Sabine Krautter, Site Operations Coordinator: Daniela Müller B.A., Contest Captain: Jan Heider, Instrumentation Contact: Andreas Längle B.A. Communications Coordinator: Linda Wenninger B.A., Sponsorship Manager: Matthias Fortenbacher M.A., Cost Estimator: Lena Schönrock. Student Members: ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION:Alexander Koch (Faculty of Architecture), Andreas Bauer Geraghty B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Benjamin Mauritz B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Daniel Späh B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Florian Eggert B.A (Faculty of Architecture), Kilian Basfeld B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Kristina Thiemann B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Linda Groschopp B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Michael Fröhlich B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Philipp Kupprion B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Philipp Schmon (Faculty of Civil Engineering), Sabine Krautter B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Tetyana Geissner B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Valentin Beck (Faculty of Civil Engineering). ORGANIZATION AND BUILDING SITE: Christiane Thörner B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Daniela Müller B.A.(Faculty of Architecture), Jakob Winter M.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Linda Groschopp B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Matthias Fortenbacher B.A. (Faculty of Architecture). ENERGY AND BUILDING TECHNOLOGY: Andreas Brall (Faculty of Architecture), Andreas Längle B.A.(Faculty of Architecture), Christian Mack (Electrical Engineering and Information Technology), Florian Schäfer (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology), François Le Gall (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Design and Development), Georg Schmid (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Management), Jan Heider B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Johannes Kimmerle B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Manuel Schleich (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology), Miguel Zeus Mora Alvarez B.Eng. (Faculty of Electrical Systems Engineering), Pascal Keller (Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology), Philipp Horn(Faculty of Automotive Information Technology), Roland Schick(Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology), Sascha Frenkel (Faculty of Automotive Information Technology), Simon Büttgenbach (Faculty of Sustainable Energy Competence),
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Stefan Metzger (Faculty of Automotive Information Engineering). COMMUNICATION AND STRATEGY: Angelina Perke (Faculty of Communications and Design), Bettina Grosshardt B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Daniela Müller B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Denise Glod B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Karol Stern Rull (Faculty of Architecture), Linda Wenninger B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Noemi Futás (Faculty of Architecture), Ruth Haller B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Sabrina Börnsen B.A. (Faculty of Architecture). INTERIOR: Alexander Koch (Faculty of Architecture), Andreas Längle B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Kristina Thiemann B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Markus Prinz (Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering), Maxx Kean Hong (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering: Development and Production), Michael Fröhlich B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Nadja Boumaza (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering: Development and Production), Philipp Kupprion B.A. (Faculty of Architecture), Tetyana Geissner B.A. (Faculty of Architecture). 05. RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY, GERMANY Students architecture: Bahar Akbayrak, Jakob Anschütz, Peter Bause, Marie Carl,Tillmann de Graaff ,Till Gubitz, Chawan Hassan, Dominik Hoppe, Julia Hüsgen, Elvir Kastrati, Tim Khuong-Duc, Maksim König, Svenja Kremin, Judith Lennartz, René Lierschaft, Benedikt Lösch, Dominique Lunkenheimer Anne Maldener, Pascal Martis, Karolina Pytelkowski, Hendrik Reinhold, Jonas Rüter, Ahmad Sawaf, Alexandra Schmitz, Jaroslaw Siwiecki , Werner Tripp, Matthias Vollmer-Lentmann Philipp von Klonczynski, Annika Zech, Hipolit Zembala, Anja Zens. Students engineering: Frederik Böhm, Marius Braun, Sarah Dassouli, Georg Engelhardt, Christian Fliegner, Christoph Gunter, Marie Hoes, Julian Kremeyer, Hendrik Leiwe, Julia Moll,Vivien Neumann, Palacios, Fabian Pech, David Ranftler, Melanie Schumacher, Stefan Stemmler. Students German studies: Stella Conrads. Students informatics:Ivan Golod, Konstantinos Tsoleridis, Nur Al-huda Hamdan, Johann Boltz (Carpenter), Christine Dijks (Carpenter), Jan Schönborn (Carpenter). Students business administration: Stefanie Eckardt, Sarah Eichler, Frederike Engel, Markus Gehrmann, Isabel Hergenröther, Alexa Marnitz , Julia May, Andreas Michels, Karen Ostermann, Stefanie Rust. Other supporters: Andy Lengert (Emergency medical technician, fire engeniering, metal worker), Björn Teutriene (Master of Architecture). Alumni: Branch of study Architecture: Heli Bach, Natalia Kiselev, Caner Dolas, Lale Sasmaz, Xingling Xu, Branch of study mechanical engineering: Christoph Niesen, Filipp Kratschun, Claudius Bons, Kilian Hammesfahr, Annika Heyer, Stefan Schlosser, Branch of study structural engineering: Jose Quintana, Branch of study German studies: Roxana Schneider. Professors: Professor Dipl.-Ing. M. Arch. Peter Russell (Building Information Management and CAAD), Professor p.p. Dipl.Ing. Architekt Joachim Ruoff (Sustainable Architecture and Building system), Professor Dr.-Ing. Martin Trautz (Reinforcing in timber construction by self-tapping screws, Hybrid structures and composite construction, Folds and folded plate structures in architecture and engineering, Joints for bamboo constructions, Planning for production plants, Construction history and structures, structural design, statics, dynamics, structural engineering, bridge design), Professor Dr.-Ing. Dirk Müller (Energy concepts for buildings, room air currents and air quality, ventilation technology, cooling, heating and storage technology and engeneering, energy networks, renewable energies, air conditioning, energy systems), Professor Dr. phil. Eva-Maria Jakobs (Text linguistics, technical communications, text production, writing at work, corporate communications, electronic media), Professor Dr. Jan Borchers (Computer Science), Professor Dr. rer. pol. Wolfgang Breuer (Corporate Finance and Portfoliomanagement). Collaborators: Dipl.-Ing. Pia Auferkorte (Building Services Engineering Support), Shirley Beul, M.A. (Technical Communication Support), Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Andreas Dieckmann (Webmaster), Claas Digmayer, M.A. (Technical Communication Support),Vera Freund, M.A. (Technical Communication Support), Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Jochen Hansen (Design Support), Dipl.-Ing. Bauingenieur Christoph Koj (Structural Engineering Support ), Dr. rer. pol. Claudia Nadler (Business Administration Support), Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Tanja Osterhage (Building Services Engineering Support), Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Lena Schalenbach (Design Support), Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Tobias Schell (Project Management Support), Dipl.-Ing. Architekt Thomas Stachelhaus (Design and Project Management Support). Team Officers:Faculty Advisor: Peter Russell Project Manager : Tobias Schell Construction Manager: Peter Bause Project Architect: Jarek Siwiecki Project Engineer: Hendrik Leiwe Structural Engineer: Christoph Koj Electrical Engineer: Achim Reimer Student Team Leader: René Lierschaft HS Team Coordinator: Tobias Schell Safety Officer: Julia Moll, Julia Hüsgen, Peter Bause, Frederik Böhm, Björn Teutriene, Fabian Pech Site Operations Coordinator: Matthias Vollmer-Lentmann Contest Captain : Alexandra Schmitz Instrumentation Contact: Julian Kremeyer Communications Coordinator : Marie Carl Sponsorship Manager: Annika Zech 06. BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY & ECONOMICS, HUNGARY Architecture & Design Team: Architectural Design: Adrián Auth (student team leader, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Balázs Szelecsényi (project architect, BME, Faculty of Architecture). Construction Design: Bálint Bakos (project engineer, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Árpád Áts (building construction, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Zoltán Dévai (building construction, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Zsuzsanna Leskó (building construction, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Emese Tóth (building construction, BME, Faculty of Architecture). Structural Design: Tamás Bajnok Nagy (structural designer, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Benedek Kiss
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(structural designer, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Dávid Szalay (structural designer, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Zsófia Salát (structural designer, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Katalin Bukta (structural designer, BME, Faculty of Architecture). Supporting Students: Dániel Lőrincz (interior designer, BME, Industrial designer), Ágnes Urbin -(mechatronics engineer, BME, Mechanical engineering), Gábor Angel Kalmár (CAD modelling, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Kitti Kőrösi (architect, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Dániel Palotai (architect, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Dominika Mészáros (CAD modelling, BME, Faculty of Architecture). Management: Management: Balázs Zeitler (project manager, sponsorship manager, BME, business administration and manage¬ment), András Pozsgai (sponsorship manager, safety officer, BME, Faculty of architecture), László Csíki (sponsorship manager, BME, Faculty of architecture), Kata Dudás (contest captain, BME, environmental engineer). Logistics & Site Operation: Márton Bodolai (site operations coordinator, BME, Faculty of architecture), Szabolcs Sipos (civil engineer, BME, Faculty of Civil Engineering), Ferenc Szántó (safety officer, BME, Faculty of architecture). Communications: Communications: Orsolya Nagy (communications coordinator, BME, business administration and manage¬ment), Orsolya Birtalan (communications seconder, BME, Faculty of architecture), Réka Tóth (architectural journalist, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Boglárka Erdei (communications seconder, BME, communication and media), Anett Sóti (communications supporter, BME, communication and media). Visual Communications: Balázs Danyi (photographer, BME, Faculty of architecture), Ádám Szekér (photographer, BME, Faculty of architecture), Bence Pásztor (videographer, BME, Faculty of architecture).Visual Identity: Dániel Nagy (graphic designer, Hungarian University of Fine Arts MKE), Péter Orbán (graphic designer, Hungarian University of Fine Arts MKE), Márk Szőke (graphic designer, visualization, BME, Faculty of Architecture). Supporting Students: Gergely Sági (spanish journalist, BME, architect), Nóra Lukácsi (architectural journalist, BME, Faculty of architecture), Katalin Kardos (architectural journalist, BME, Faculty of Architecture), Judit Hardi (communications supporter, BME, communication and media),Csenge Huszár (communications supporter, BME, communication and media), Krisztina Szabó (communications supporter, BME, communication and media). Engineering Management: Electrical Engineering : Péter Dudás (project electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer), Gábor Ádám (electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer), Kristóf Takács (electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer), Gergely Muth (electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer), József Rácz (electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer), Gergely Oláh (electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer), Kristóf Baksai-Szabó (electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer). Building Automation: Balázs Debrődi (mechatronics engineer, BME), Máté Polyák (electrical engineer, BME, Electric Power Engineer), Ádám Lányi (mechatronics engineer, BME), László Milanovich (building automation engineer, BME). Engineering & Energetics: Attila Erdős (instrumentation contact, ventilation, BME, building service engineer), Bálint Pfenningberger (cooling & heating, BME, building service engineer), Gábor Haas-Schnabel (simulation, BME, energetics engineer), Viktor Nagy (cooling & heating, BME, energetics engineer), Ágnes Oravecz (water supply, plumbing, BME, building service engineer), Szabolcs Pálfi (passive cooling, BME, energetics engineer), Péter Paziczki (cooling & heating, BME, building service engineer). Faculty Advisors: Gábor Becker (Dr. Dean of Faculty of Archi¬tecture, Mentor Faculty of Architecture Department of Building Construc¬tions),Tamás Varga (DLA, Lead Faculty Advisor, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Residential Building Design), Zsolt Huszár (Project Manager, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Construction Technol¬ogy and Management), Miklós Armuth (Dr. Structural Engineering Faculty Advisor, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Mechanics, Materials & Structures), Zsolt Bátori (Communications Faculty Advisor, Faculty of Economic and Social Sci¬ences, Department of Sociology and Com¬munication), Péter Virányi (Dr. Communications Fac¬ulty Advisor, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Department of Sociology and Com¬munication), Júlia Bisztray (Management Faculty Advisor, Saint Stephen University, Ybl Miklos Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engeneering, Construction Management and Organization Department), László Csízy (Architecture Faculty Advi¬sor, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban Design), Rita Pataky (Construction Technology Faculty Advisor, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Building Construc¬tions), Attila Pém (Site Operations Fac¬ulty Advisor, Health and Safety Team Coordinator, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Construction Technol¬ogy and Management), Zoltán Szánthó (Building Service Engineer¬ing Faculty Advisor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Building Service and Process Engineering), Csaba Szikra (Building Service Engineer¬ing Faculty Advisor, Faculty of Architecture - Department of Building Energetics and Services), Tamás Barbarics (Dr. Electrical engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Electric Power Engi¬neering), Péter Kiss Dr. (Electrical engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Electric Power Engi¬neering). Team Officers: Faculty Advisor: Attila Pém & Lászlo Csízy Project Manager: Bálint Bakos Construction Manager: Lászlo Csízy Project Architect: Balázs Szelecsényi Project Engineer: Árpad Áts Structural Engineer: Milós Armuth Dr. Student Team Leader: Adrián Auth Health & Safety Officer: Attila Pém & Márton Bodolai Fire Watch Captain: Zoltán Dévai Public Relation Contact : Orsolya Nagy Instrumentation Contact: Attila Erdós Electrical Engineer : Tamás Barbarics Dr., Peter Dudás Objective Contest Captain: Martón Bodolai & Orsolya Birtalan Cost Estimator: András Pozsgai.More Decathletes: Mátyás Jug, Virág Máté, Tamás Nochta, Dóra Plájer, Imre Miskolczy, Katalin Dudás, Máté Molnár.
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07. UNIVERSIDAD CEU CARDENAL HERRERA, SPAIN Coordinators: Luis Domenech Ballester, Victor García Peñas, Ignacio Juan Ferruses, Elisa Marco Crespo, Manuel Martínez Córcoles, Guillermo Mocholí Ferrándiz, Nicolás Montes Sánchez, Antonio Real Fernández, Jordi Renau Martínez, Fernando Sánchez López, Bartolomé Serra Soriano, Pedro Verdejo Gimeno, Borja García Sanchis, Pablo María Romeu Guallart, Francisco Zamora Martínez, Aurelio Pons , Jose María Serra Soriano, Ana Bonet Miró, Luca Brunelli, Hugo Prades Claessens, José Vicente Navarro Díaz. Decathletes: Francisco José Alcalá Eito, Bernat Ferrer Pons, Nacho Miralles Soler, Alejandro Navarrete Roselló, Loreto Navarro Arcos, Miguel Angel Puchades Olmos, Gabriel Sanjuan Maicas, Inma Soler Tomás, María Isabel Villar Abril, Fidel López González, David Carceller Capella, Jose Javier Gómez Diaz, Sergio Alfonos Salvador, Alba Andreu Nuñez, María Elene Baena González, Aitor Barberá Herrero, Hernán Bize Beltrán, Alejandro Cairols Cercós, Ricardo Candela Caballer, Juanjo Canos Segarra, Miquel Cárceles Cardona, María Cervera Moliner, Francisco Esbrí Ramos, Charo Gandía Vallas, Alberto García Pérez, Patricia Gualda Martínez, Jesús Huerta Chilet, Ignacio Giner Agustí, Eva Iserte Fortanet, Ramón Llaces Bassa, Victor Llavata Bartual, Rosa Isabel Llidó Llopis, Juan Antonio Lluna Andreu, Alba Minguez Moreno, Josep Monzó Hervás, Diego Muñoz Cobo, Leticia Navarro Alfaro, Paz Nevado Llopis, Vicente Manuel Nicolás Tudón, Olga Pérez Quintana, Ana Riera Barriga, Fernando L- Rodríguez Vercher, Susana Sánchez Sariñena, Carlos Segarra Carbajal, Manuel Sempere Polo, José Vicente Siurana Ortega, Daniel Torío González, Rafael Torres García, Marina Victoria Martínez, Beatriz Vidal Molina. 08. UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE CATALUNYA, SPAIN Team Members: Communications Coordinator: Aitor Iturralde Martín (Estudiante ETSAV); Construction Manager: Jordi Mitjans Escobar (Estudiante ETSAV); Contest Captian: Adrià Vilajoana Martínez (Estudiante ETSAV); Electrical Engineer:Oscar Subirats Rebull (Estudiante Ingeniería); Faculty Advisor 1:Victor Seguí Santana (Director ETSAV); Faculty Advisor 2: Enric Corbat Díaz (Profesor ETSAV); Faculty Advisor 3:Coque Claret (Profesor ETSAV); Faculty Advisor 4: Dani Calatayud Souweine (Profesor ETSAV); HS Team Coordinator 1: Antoni Fonseca I Casas (Arquitecto); HS Team Coordinator 2: Diego Sáez Ujaque (Arquitecto); Instrumentation Contact: Oscar Subirats Rebull(Estudiante EUETib); Project Architect: Simone Lorenzon (Arquitecto); Project Engineer: Bernat Colomé Franco (Estudiante ETSAV); Project Manager: Marc Diaz Gallego (Estudiante ETSAV); Safety Officer 1: Jordi Mitjans Escobar (Estudiante ETSAV); Safety Officer 2: Marc Diaz Gallego (Estudiante ETSAV); Safety Officer 3: Antonio Quirante Garrido (Estudiante ETSAV); Site Operations Coordinator: Andrei Mihalache (Estudiante ETSAV); Structural Engineer: Marc Diaz Gallego (Estudiante ETSAV); Student Team Leader: Fran Pérez Molina (Estudiante ETSAV); Cost estimator: Adrià Vilajoana Martínez (Estudiante ETSAV); Fire Watch Captain: Andrei Mihalache (Estudiante ETSAV); Sponsorship Manager: Fran Pérez Molina (Estudiante ETSAV); Sustainaibility Manager: Alfonos Godoy Muñoz (Arquitecto y Master UPC); Public Relation Contact: Aitor Iturralde Martín (Estudiante ETSAV). Decathletes: Natalia Sánchez Sumelzo (Arquitecto y Master UPC); Paola Del Chicca Romano (Ing. Química y Master UPC); Miguel Pich-Aguilera (Estudiante ETSAV); Aida El Kabbaj (Estudiante ETSAV); Pablo Sánchez Hernández (Ingeniero Ambiental); Sergi Mateos Cano (Estudiante ETSAV); Mariana Palumbo (Arquitecto y Master UPC); Marta Banach Gorina (Estudiante ETSAV); Luis Borunda Monsiváis (Estudiante ETSAV); Guillem Ramón Pernau (Estudiante ETSAV); Marta Ferrer Zapater (Estudiante ETSAV); Oriol Troyano (Estudiante ETSAV); Carla Sanz Pina (Estudiante ETSAV); Sandra Prat Trallero (Estudiante ETSAV); Juan José Guardiola Ruiz de An(Estudiante ETSAV); Mikel Rego García (Estudiante ETSAV); Joan Saborit Gros (Estudiante ETSAV); Marc Casals Borrás (Estudiante EPSEB); Elisabet Farré Cámara (Estudiante ETSAV); Carmen Bodel (Estudiante ETSAV); Quim Escoda (Estudiante ETSAV); Elena Castellà (Estudiante ETSAV); Maya Torres (Estudiante ETSAV); Anca Virginia Stefan (Estudiante ETSAV); Alba Prat Trallero (Diseñadora); Ioanna Papachristou (Arquitecto y Master UPC. Team Crew and Technical Committee: Roger Tudó Gali (Arquitecto y Profesor ETSAV); Claudi Aguiló(Arquitecto y Profesor ETSAV); Albert Colomé (Ingeniero (SJ12Enginyers); Oriol Barber (Ingeniero (AmbSol); Emilio Vicente (Ingeniero (AmbSol); Arnau Alarcón (Ingeniero (AmbSol); Sergio Cantos Gaceo (Ingeniero (AdrCl); Ignacio de Ros Viader (Ingeniero (AdrCl); Xavi Burruezo Vilella (Ingeniero (AdrCl); Josep Jove (Montador); Daniel Oliván Bautista (Técnico); Nicola Scandroglio (Media); Txatxo Sabater (Arquitecto); Torsten Masseck (Arquitecto y Profesor ETSAV); Josep Ricard Ulldemolins(Arquitecto y Profesor ETSAV); Felipe Pich-Aguilera (Arquitecto); Teresa Batlle (Arquitecta); Pau Casaldaliga (Arquitecto); Jordi Morató(Biologo); Inmaculada Rodriguez(Física y Arquitecta Técnica); Montserrat Bosch(Arquitecta Técnica); Curro Claret (Diseñador Industrial); Sabrina Campos (Emprendedora Social).
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09. “ION MINCU” UNIVERSITY OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM + TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING OF BUCHAREST + UNIVERSITY POLITEHNICA OF BUCHAREST, ROMANIA Project Management Structure: Radu Pană - Faculty Advisor; Pierre Bortnowski – Project Manager; Oana Mihăescu – Assistant Project Manager; Adrian Pop – Fundraising & Communication Manager; Cătălin Găuloiu – Design Coordinator; Mihnea Ghildus – Product & Graphic Design Coordinator. Team Officers: Student team leader – Mihai Toader-Pasti; Project Architect – Adriana Mihăilescu; Structural engineer & Safety Officer – Marius Eremia Soflete; Communications coordinator – Alexandra Petraru; Construction manager & Safety Officer – Cătălin Caraza; Contest captain – Mihai-Vlad Cîrlan; Electrical engineer – Adrian Mircea Bucica; HS team coordinator – Octavian Timu; Safety Officer & Interior Design Coordinator – Lucia Leca; Instrumentation contact – Claudiu Butacu; Project Engineer – Adrian Bogdan Neculae; Site operations coordinator – Irina Mot; Sponsorship manager – Ovidiu Constantin.Deacthletes, Team crew & Team members: ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN: Cristina Alistar Decathlete Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM, 6th year; Adina Bădulescu President of PRISPA Association Team Member, representative of UAUIM in PRISPA Association MSc in architecture, UAUIM, Faculty of Architecture architect, property and business valuer; Anca Elena Bolohan Decathlete Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM, 5th year; Inga Bunduche Decathlete graduated Faculty of Decorative Arts and Design, Ambiental Design, UNA; Adina Costea Decathlete Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM, 5th year; Vlad Hani Decathlete graduated Faculty of Interior Architecture, UAUIM; Maria Meleca Decathlete Faculty of Decorative Arts and Design, Ambiental Design, UNA, 3rd year; Dorina Onescu-Tărbujaru Team Member Lecturer, Department of Interior Design, Faculty of Interior Architecture, UAUIM teaching areas: interior design, reconversion of buildings PhD, UAUIM architect, research field: interior architecture and design, rehabilitation of buildings and historic monuments; Ionut Pătraşcu Decathlete Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM, 3rd year; Raluca Păun Decathlete Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM, 6th year; Elena Marilena Popa Decathlete Faculty of Interior Architecture, UAUIM, 5th year; Adriana-Valentina Potlog Decathlete graduated Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM; Ioana Prodan Decathlete Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM, 6th year; Sorina Rotaru Decathlete Faculty of Decorative Arts and Design, Product Design, UNA, 3rd year; Andrada Toader-Pasti Team Crew graduated Faculty of Architecture, UAUIM; Nicoleta Vica Decathlete graduated Faculty of Decorative Arts and Design, Industrial Design, UNA; Oana Baloi Team Member Wageningen University, Netherlands, Landscape Architecture and Planning Master Program, 2nd year. ENGINEERING: Ovidiu Caramangiu Decathlete Faculty Of Building Services master in Energy Efficiency for Building Services, UTCB, 2nd year; Mircea Damian Decathlete master in Advanced Technologies for Urban Environmental Protection, 2nd year; Adrian Enciu Decathlete Faculty of Electrical Engineering MSc in Advanced Electrical Systems, UPB; Ana-Maria Florescu Team Member, Representative of UTCB in PRISPA Association MSc in comfort and energy efficiency doctoral studies, Faculty of Building Services and Equipments, UTCB, 4th year; Yoann Gabouty Team Crew Aspirant, Compagnons du Devoir; Cristian Iordache Team Crew graduated Photo-Video Department, UNA; Iacob Mocanu Decathlete Faculty Of Building Services master in Advanced Technologies for Urban Environmental Protection, UTCB, 2nd year; Dumitru Moldoveanu Decathlete graduated Faculty of Civil, Industrial and Agricultural Buildings, UTCB; Ancuţa Neagu Team Member Director of the Department of Research, Development and Innovation Management, UTCB engineer, MSc in educational management doctoral studies in civil engineering, 4th year, UTCB; Eduard Răducanu Decathlete Faculty of Electrical Engineering, MSc in Advanced Electrical Systems, UPB; Vladimir Tanasiev Team Member, Representative of UPB in PRISPA Association doctoral studies in energy efficiency Faculty of Power Engineering, Department of Production and Use of Energy, UPB, 4th year. COMMUNICATION & FUNDRAISING: Tudor Botezatu Team Crew Film Director, graduated Faculty of Cinematography, Department of Directing, UNATC graduated Faculty of Letters, Department of Journalism and Communication Sciences; Alexandra Croitoru Decathlete graduated Faculty of Communication and Public Relations University of Bucharest; Alexandru Ioniţă Team Member, Representative of UTCB in PRISPA Association designer, graduated Product Design Department Faculty of Decorative Arts and Design, UNA; Vlad Lego Team Crew Media University – Cinematography and TV Faculty; Adina Şoneriu Team Crew Faculty of Finance, Insurance, Banking and Stock Exchange; The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies. 10. TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK, DENMARK Team Officers: Faculty Advisor: Bjarne W. Olesen; Project Manager: Lotte Bjerregaard Jensen & Ulrik KnuthWinterfeldt; Construction Manager: Aksel Tønder; Project Architect: Elian Hirsch & Lise Mansfeldt; Project Engineer: Angela Martin Guerrero; Structural Engineer: Marie Navntoft Jacobsen; Electrical Engineer: Søren Kristensen; Student Team Leader: Martynas Skrupskelis; Health & Safety Officer: Elian Hirsch; Fire Watch Captain: Elsa Salvador Rodriguez; Public Relation Contact: Natalia Dudareva; Instrumentation Contact: Pavel Ševela.Project Management: Bjarne W. Olesen (Director, Professor, Faculty Advisor, Sponsor relations);Lotte Bjerregaard Jensen (Associate Professor, Project Manager, Architecture and construction); Ulrik KnuthWinterfeldt (BEng, Assisting Project Manager, Student relations and financial management).Health & Safety: Henrik Almegaard (Associate Professor, HS Team Coordinator); Lotte Bjerregaard Jensen (Associate Professor, HS Team Coordinator); Christian Rønne (Associate Professor, HS Team Coordinator); Elsa Salvador Rodriguez
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(MSc in Sustainable Energy, Student, , HS Team Officer, Health and Safety Report: consolidation of information about building construction process); Elian Hirsch (KA, Institute of Technology, Research Assistant, HS Officer, Health and Safety Report: alignment of functional areas, project drawings). Installations: CONTROL SYSTEM: Work Package Leader: Dainius Griguzauskas (MSc in Computer Science and Engi¬neering, Student, Heating, cooling and ventilations system control); Work Package Members: Philip Engberg Nielsen (BA in Software, Student, Setting up user interface with Control System); Søren Olofsson (BA in Software, Student, Building software architecture for Control System, build¬ing integration with PLC); Morten Asbjørn Schnack (BA in Civil Engineering, Student, Creating Central Control Unit, including AI); Emil Refn (BA Software Technology, Student, Database); Carsten Nilsson (BSc IT & Communication, Student, Control Interface and suggestions); Andreas Rask Jensen (Diplom IT, Student, Combining sub- systems); Anders Jensen (BA Software Technology, Student, Responsible for lights programming). FACULTY ADVISORS: Christian Jensen (Associate Professor, IT security. Sensor networks. Pervasive computing. Mo¬bile systems. Intelligent Buildings. Security). HVAC: Work Package Members: Martynas Skrupskelis (MSc in Civil Engineering, Student, Heating, cooling and ventilations system design and siz¬ing); Ongun Berk Kazanci (MSc in Sustainable Energy, Student, Heating, cooling and ventilation systems design, simula¬tions); Maria Alonso Alvarez (Architectural Eng, Student, Natural Ventilation); Faculty advisors: Georgi K.Pavlov (PhD student, Supervision); Peter Slotved Simonsen (Engineer, Technical supervision); Nico Ziersen (Assistent Engineer, Technical supervision). WATER: Work Package Leader: Mette Stubkjaer Laursen (BA Civil Engineering in Environment Technology, Student, Work Package Leader, Greywater); Faculty advisors: Eva Eriksson (Associate Professor, Greywater); Stefan Trapp (Associate Professor, Assessment and treatment of water and contaminated soil): ENERGY AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT: Pavel Ševela(MSc in Civil Engineering, Student, Work Package Leader, Thermal part of PVT, electrical equipment, monitoring for the competition); Linette Nygaard (MSc in Architectural engineering, Student, PVT: in charge of the PV part, Technical documentation, Drawings for the photovolta¬ics, Architectural point of the PV); Søren Mikael Kristensen (KME, Bachelor of Technology Man¬agement and Marine Engineering, Work Package Member: Electricity, Electricity installations); Søren Andersen (MSc Architectural Eng, Student, Energy simulations); Toke Rammer Nielsen(Associate Professor, Faculty advisor: Integrated design of sustainable build¬ings, energy consumption and indoor environment).TECHNICAL CORE, Team members are together in charge of core design and planning, integration of elements in the technical core: Simon Christoffer Uth (MSc Architectural Eng, Student); Mette Malene Wohlgemuth (MSc Architectural Eng, Student); Christoffer Rasmussen (MSc Architectural Eng, Student); Karen Margaretha Holmegaard (MSc Architectural Eng, Student); Jacob Sloth Jensen (MSc Architectural Eng, Student); Faculty advisors: Peter Slotved Simonsen (Engineer, Technical supervision).Architecture & Design: Work Package Leader: Lise Mansfeldt Faurbjerg (Architectural Eng, Student, Exterior design, Public tour, Interior cladding); Work Package Members: Erik Folke Holm-Hansson Christian Nygaard Sørensen (Architectural Eng, Student, Lighting wall); Christina Eriksshøj (Architectural Eng, Student, Lot design, Garden); Kasper Villumsen (Architectural Eng, Student, Daylight, Solar shading, Lighting); Mathilde Landgren (Architectural Eng, Student, Exterior design, Technical Core, Public tour, Green wall); Niklas Frederiksen (Architectural Eng, Student, Exterior design, Technical Core, Public tour, Green wall); Simon Kolby Christensen (Architectural Eng, Student, Lot design); Stine Redder Pedersen (Architectural Eng, Student, Exterior design, Public tour, interior cladding, Lighting wall); Structure & Construction: Work Package Leader: Aksel Tønder (Architectural Eng, Student, Preparation and coordination of drawings for construc¬tion panels and installations); Work Package Members: Angela Martin Guerrero(Architectural Eng, Student, Construction details, BIM model and moisture, Joints, details, drawings, moisture simulations); Marie Navntoft Jacobsen (Architectural Eng, Student, Documentation of the statics, dimensioning and calcula¬tions of stress components ); Allan Ulrick Døi (Architectural Eng, Student, Carpentry); Andreas Klestrup (Architectural Eng, Student, Carpentry); Tim Kjærsgaard (Architectural Eng, Student, Carpentry); Peter Stavnshøj (Architectural Eng, Student, Statics and Construction). Site Operation: Work Package Leader: Elian Hirsch (KA, Institute of Technology, Research Assistant, Site operation management, Time schedule of the pro¬cess construction of the house ); Work Package Members: Michael Hykkelbjerg Nielsen (Architectural Eng, Student Site operation planning); Communication: Work Package Leader: Natalia Dudareva (CBS, MSocSc in Management, Stu¬dent Communications and Social Media: communications strategy and implementation, creating content and maintaining online accounts, communications coordina¬tion , photography); Market Viability: Work Package Leader: Riccardo Dalla Francesca (MSc in Management, Student); Work Package Members: Philippa Taul (CBS, MSc in Management, Student, Commercialisation assessment); Andreas Houmann (B. Physics and Nanotechnology, Student, Commercialisation assessment). LCA: Work Package Members: Malte Peter Wiedemann (MSc in Civil Engineering, Student, Mass and energy balance, disposal); Raphael Dörnen (MSc in Civil Engineering, Student, Assesment of the chemical inpact on human health); Rita Gaspar (MSc in Civil Engineering, Student, Lifecycle analysis); Robert Fangel (MSc in Environmental Engineering, Student, Life Cycle Inventory); Allwin Jebahar (Lifecycle analysis). Contracting Team Members: Anders Budek (Carpenter); Rasmus Kristian Holst (MSc Architectural Eng, Student, Carpentry); Henrik Børglum (Carpenter).
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11. TONGJI UNIVERSITY, CHINA Team Officers: Faculty advisor: Tan hongwei (Mechanical), Director of the New Energy and Green Building Center, Tongji; Qian feng (Architecture), Vice President of CAUP, Tongji; Li qiang (Electrical); Yuanfeng (Architecture); Marenle (Structure); Wang Lingling(Project management). Student team leader:Yu zhongqi, PhD. Project manager: Jin dong, Master student. Communications: Jia dongfang, , Master student. Construction manager: Cao ke, Master student. Contest captain: Jin linhui, Master student. Electrical engineer: Sun hao, , Master student. HS Team coordinator: Cao hanxiao, Master student. Instrumentation contact: Zhu shengwei, , Master student. Project architect: Zhao shijia, Master student. Project engineer: Lei yong, PhD. Safety officer: Luo guofu, Master student. Site operations coordinator: Qianlie. Structural engineer: Liukang. Cost Estimator: Shi jing, Master student. 12. BORDEAUX UNIVERSITY, FRANCE Arts et Métiers ParisTech - Bordeaux: Coordination: Denis BRUNEAU: ABC Team Advisor, researcher in Mechanical Engineering Institute of Bordeaux (Energetics&Fluids department). Students: Simon BRAS: Engineering student, specialty “Sustainable development”; Anthony CANADAS: Engineering student, specialty “Sustainable development”; Samuel DIALLO: Engineering student, specialty “Sustainable development”; Cédric GARBAY: Engineering student, specialty “Sustainable development” ; Romain MINUISSI: Engineering student, specialty “Sustainable development”; Louis Michel NICAISE: Engineering student, specialty “Sustainable development”; Alexandre PRAT: Engineering student, specialty “Sustainable development”. Université Bordeaux 1: Coordination: Philippe LAGIERE: ABC Team coAdvisor, SUMBIOSI project Coordinator, Researcher in Mechanical Engineering Institute of Bordeaux; Laurent MORA: ABC Team coAdvisor, researcher in Mechanical Engineering Institute of Bordeaux (Energetics&Fluids department) - Building thermal performance; Philippe GALLIMARD: Researcher in Mechanical Engineering Institute of Bordeaux (Civil Engineering Environmental department) - Building structure; Alain SEMPEY: Researcher in Mechanical Engineering Institute of Bordeaux (Energetics&Fluids department) - Building thermal performance. Students: Jérémy ROUXEL : Student, specialty “Electronics” ; David OYHNEART : Student, specialty “Safety”; Olivier ZANETTE : Student, specialty “Safety”; Romain RIVIÈRE : Engineering student, specialty “wooden industries”; Sarah LERISSON: Student in Civil Engineering; Lucie JIMENEZ: Student in Civil Engineering; Anthynéa BUI: Student in Civil Engineering. ENSAPBx : Coordination: Christian MAINTROT: Architect, Professor - Building architecture; Dominique SERVOS: Architect, Professor - Building architecture; Students: Delphine BARBARESCO: Architect student, Master 2 « Environment, Architecture and Sustainable City »; Grégoire BEELE: Architect student, Master 2 « Environment, Architecture and Sustainable City »; Youssef BOUKHARI: Architect student, Master 2 « Environment, Architecture and Sustainable City »; Laurent MASIA: Architect student, Master 1 « Environment, Architecture and Sustainable City»; Camille MOLLARET: Architect student, Master 1 « Environment, Architecture and Sustainable City»; Romain PERDRIX: Architect student, Master 2 « Environment, Architecture and Sustainable City »; Fanny SELLERON: Architect student, Master 1 « Environment, Architecture and Sustainable City ». ENSEIRB-MATMECA: Student: Jésus GIRON RODRIGUEZ: Engineering student, specialty “Electronics”. Université Bordeaux 3: Student: Laura LE JONCOUR : Master Student, specialty “ Organization communication, consulting”. NOBATEK: Coordination: Philippe LAGIERE: Scientific director at NOBATEK; Jérôme LOPEZ: In charge of energy efficiency platform in at NOBATEK; Lucie DUCLOS: Sustainable building engineer; Stéphanie DECKER: Sustainable building engineer; Marie PAULY: Sustainable building engineer. 13. UNIVERSIDAD DEL PAÍS VASCO (EUSKEL HERRIKO UNIBERTSITATEA), SPAIN Team Officers:Faculty Advisor: Rufino J. Hernández (PhD Architect. Full Professor, Architectural Construction. High School of Architecture, San Sebastian. Co-founder of ah asociados Research areas: Quality of life in Architecture, Materials and industrialized building systems and Sustainable construction and energy efficiency); Project Manager: Olatz IrulegI (PhD Architect. Associate professor in Architectural Construction. High School of Architecture Research areas: Sustainable cons¬truction and energy efficiency); Construction Manager: Mikel Lazkano (High School of Architecture, 6th year); Site operation Coordinator: Mikel Lazkano (High School of Architecture, 6th year); Project Architect: Enara Menio (High School of Architecture, 6th year); Project Engineer: Javier Gironés (Engineer. Researcher); Electrical Engineer: Antonio Serra (PhD Enginner. Researcher. Quality of Life in Architecture Group); Structural Engineer: Iñaki Mendizabal (PhD Architect, Associate Professor in Architectural Construction. High School of Architecture Research areas: ICT innovation in residential buildings); Student Team Leader: Eneritz Trigueros (High School of Architecture, 6th year); HS Team Coordinator: Koldo Atxa (High School of Architecture, 6th year); Contest Captain: Raffaelina Loi (Architect. Researcher Quality of Life in Architecture Group); Instrumentation contact: Borja García (High School of Architecture, 6th year); Communication coordinator: Víctor Araújo (Architect. Researcher Quality of Life in Architecture Group); Sponsorship manager: Víctor Araújo (Architect. Researcher Quality of Life in Architecture Group). Students: COORDINATION: Student Coordinator: Eneritz Trigueros. Memory: Itziar Ibarrondo. Construction Manager:
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Mikel Lazkano, Ioar Cabodevilla. Health & Safety Manager: Koldo Atxa, Lilia Aizkorbe, Iñaki Larrañaga. ARCHITECTURE: Project Architect: Enara Menoyo, Anabel García, Ander Sañaberría Egaña, Detalles constructivos: Sergio Morales, Leire Hontoria, Hebe González, Josu López de Ipiña.Diseño: Enara Menoyo, Maddi Sánchez, Itiziar de la Puerta, Asier Larunbe. Infografía: Josune Rodríguez. ENGINEERING: Electricidad: Oihane Camino , Alaitz Arsuaga. PV: Mikel Elias, Ion Lizarralde Igartua, Asier Gorosarri Fernández. Estrategias bioclimáticas: Olatz Pombo. Agua: Hodei Abaurrea, Eñaut Legarde. Acondicionamiento: Naiara Iglesias, Cristina Carriles, Naiara Romero, Iker González Piño. Balance energético: Xabat Oregi, Xabier urroz, Naiara Romero. Instrumentation contact: Borja García, Gorka Goicoechea Aguirre. COMMUNICATION & MARKETING: House Tour: Endika Ampudia. Event Coordinator: Iris Chaparro, Irene Fonseca del Río, Maider Borde, Jone Castells. Sustainability Manager: Leyre Nuñez, Amagoia Etxeberria, Sara de Maintenant. Supporting ProfessorsPORTING PROFESSORS: Luis Alfonso del Portillo (PhD Engineer. Full Professor. High School of Engineering of Bilbao Director of the Department of Heat Engines); Ane Miren Garcia (PhD Engineer. Full Professor. School of Mining Engineering); Jose Antonio Millán (Professor of Thermodynamics High School of Engineering of Bilbao); Aitor Urresti (Associate professor. Technical School of Industrial Engineering); Koldobika Martin (Associate professor. School of Mining Engineering); Ignacio R. Matías (PhD Engineer, Full professor Public University of Navarra); Iñigo Rodriguez (Architect. Associate Professor. High School of Architecture); Eneko Uranga (Architect. Associate Professor. High School of Architecture); Xabat Oregi (Architect. Associate Professor. High School of Architecture); Claudia Pennese (PhD Architect. Researcher Quality of Life in Architecture Group). 14. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA + UNIVERSIDADE DE SÂO PAULO, BRASIL Coordinators: Adnei Andrade - Electricity / Photovoltaic; Claudia Terezinha de Oliveira Andrade - Faculty Advisor/Structural Engineer; José Ripper Kós - Architecture; Roberto Lamberts - Energy / Comfort; Themis da Cruz Fagundes – Research. Student Officers: Bruna Mayer de Souza – Communications Coordinator Communication - Architect and Urbanist, Architecture Master Student at UFSC; Daniel Mayer – Instrumentation Contact - Automation / Instrumentation / Electric System assistant - Engineer of Automation and Control, Master’s in Home Automation, Doctorate - Student in Home Automation for energy efficient Buildings at UFSC; Eduardo Domingues - Construction Manager/Project Engineer - Structure/Production - Architect and Urbanist, Architecture Master Student at USP; Fernanda Antonio - Project Manager - Structure/ProductionArchitect and Urbanist, Architecture Master Student at USP; Giovani Davi - Electrical Engineer- Electric System - Electrical Enginner, Energy Efficiency Master Student at UFSC; Gustavo Prado Fontes - Contest Captain Mechanical Closet Design / Interior Design - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate at UFSC; Lucas Sabino Dias - Fire Watch Captain- Structure/ Production / Roofing Structures / Verandas - Architect and Urbanist, Architecture Master Student at USP; Rovy Pessoa Ferreira - Project Architect - Internal Layout / RenderingsArchitecture and Urbanism Undergraduate at UFSC; Rubia Barretto - HS Team Coordinator - Architect and Urbanist, specialized in ocupational hygiene and Labor security- engineering and Master in Architecture and Urbanism, Doctorate Student at USP; Tarsila Miyazato - Sponsorship Manager - Finances - Architect and Urbanist, Architecture Master Student at USP; Thiago Steffen Vieira - Safety Officer - Construction / Plumbing - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate at UFSC; Yuri Endo Kokubun - Student Team Leader- Structure/ Production- Architect and Urbanist, Architecture Master Student at USP. Faculty Consultants: Alain Blatché Interiors and Furnishings - Designer; Alberto Hernandez Neto - HVAC and Passive Conditioning - Mechanical Enginnering Professor at USP; Américo Ishida – Architecture - Architecture Design Professor -at UFSC; Ana Lúcia Nogueira de Camargo Harris - Furniture / Finishings - Architecture Design Professor at UNICAMP; Carlos Nome – BIM - Architecture Professor at UFRN; Diego Fagundes – Communication Architect. Researcher at UFSC; Enedir Ghisi – Hydraulics - Structural Engineering, Energy Efficiency and Plumbing Systems Professor at UFSC; Erica Mattos – Communication - Architect. Researcher at UFSC; Fernando Ruttkay - Energy / Comfort - Environmental Comfort Professor at UFSC; Joy Till – Graphic Design - Graphic Designer, Urban Design Doctorate Student (UFRJ) Maria Beatriz Afflalo Brandão – Graphic Design - Graphic Design Professor (UFRJ) ; Mario Furtado Fontanive – Video - UFRGS video graphic design architect; Marta Dischinger - Interiors and Furnishings - Architecture Design Professor at UFSC; Pedro Almeida - Ekó House Structural Engineer - Structures Professor (USP) ; Raquel Tardin - Landscape Architecture - Landscape Architecture Professor (UFRJ) ; Ricardo Rüther - Electricity / Photovoltaic - Photovoltaic Professor (UFSC) ; Roberto Zilles - Electricity / Photovoltaics - Photovoltaic Professor (USP) ; Samuel Abreu - Thermal / Hydraulic Systems- Thermal Energy Professor (IFSC) ; Saulo Guths - Energy / Comfort - Mechanics and Comfort Professor (UFSC) . Decathletes: Andrea Invidiata- Lighting Design - Architect and Urbanist, Architecture Master Student at UFSC; Andrigo Filippo Gonçalves – Photovoltaics - Civil Enginner Undergraduate student at UFSC; Bianca Milani de Quadros – Public tour - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at UFSC; Camila Barbosa de Amorim – Construction - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at UFSC; Camilla Almeida Silva - Technical Drawings Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at USP; Eduardo Ferreira Lima – Construction - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate - student at UFSC; Eduardo Leite Souza - Plumbing System - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate at UFSC; Felipe Cemin Finger - Plumbing / Wetlands - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate at UFSC; Giovani Davi - Doctorate Student; Gabriella Bergamini – Finishings - Civil Engineering
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Undergraduate Student at UNICAMP; Giulia Aikawa da Silveira Andrade – Construction - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at UFSC; João Alberto Armondi - Construction and Plumbing - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at UFSC; Jorge Henrique Souza - Construction and HVAC - Architecture and Urbanism- Undergraduate student at UFSC; Letícia Niero Moraes - Architect and Energy Efficiency Master Student at UFSC; Lettícia de Paula Diez Rey – Finances - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at USP; Manfred Kratzenberg – Photovoltaics - Mechanical Engineer Doctorate student at UFSC; Marcelo Almeida - Electrical Engineer - Master Student at USP; Miguel Pacheco – Simulations- Architect, Doctorate Student at UFSC; Pascoal Henrique da Costa Rigolin- Electric Engineering - Doctorate Student at USP; Paul Gerhard Beyer Ehrat - Architect - Master Student at UFSC; Umberto Violatto Sampaio - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at UFSC; Mariana Colin Stelzner - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at UFSC; Carolina Rodrigues Dal Soglio - Architecture and Urbanism Undergraduate student at UFSC; Thiago Steffen Vieira - Undergraduate Student; Filipi Dias - Undergraduate Student. Team Officers: Communications coordinator – Bruna Mayer de Souza; Construction manager – Eduardo Domingues; Contest captain – Gustavo Prado Fontes; Electrical engineer – Pascoal Henrique da Costa Rigolin; Faculty advisor – Claudia Oliveira; HS team coordinator – Rúbia Barreto; Instrumentation contact – Daniel Mayer; Project Architect – Rovy Ferreira; Project Engineer - Lucas Sabino Dias; Project Manager – Fernanda Antonio; Safety Officer – Gabriella Bergamini & Camilla Almeida Silva; Site operations coordinator – Eduardo Domingues; Structural engineer – Pedro Almeida; Student team leader – Yuri Endo Kokubun; Cost estimator – Tarsila Miyazato; Fire watch captain – Lucas Sabino Dias; Sponsorship manager – Bruna Mayer de Souza. 15. CHIBA UNIVERSITY, JAPAN Faculty & Administrative Advisors: Yasushi Saito (President of Chiba University, M.D and Ph.D. in Medicine); Professor Hiroshi Noguchi (Ex-Dean of Engineering Department , Ph.D.in Engineering); Professor Akihide Kitamura (Dean of Engineering Department , Ph.D.in Engineering); Professor Takaharu Kawase (Ph.D.inEngineering); Professor Akira Kuryu (M. Eng.,Prof.,(architectural design), Director Kuryu&Architects); Professor Masao Ando (Ph.D.in Engineering); Associate Professor Akiko Okabe (Ph.D.in Engineering); Associate Professor Hiroki Suzuki (Ph.D.in Engineering); Associate Professor Jun Munakata (Ph.D.in Engineering); Affiliate Professor Toyoki Kozai (Former President of Chiba University, Ph.D.in Agriculture); Associate Professor Toru Maruo (Ph.D.in Agriculture); Associate Professor Masaaki Hohjo (Ph.D.in Agriculture); Associate Professor Toru Mitani (Landscape Architect and Ph.D.in Engineering); Professor Chisato Mori (M.D. and Ph.D. in Medicine); Professor Kazuo Maeno (Ph.D.in Engineering); Professor Daisuke Fujikawa (Ph.D in Education); Technical Official Shunichiro Higashi Technical Official Sinwon Jeong (Ph.D.in Engineering ). Team Members: Shota Tajima (Graduate School of Architecture); Yuichiro Tahara (Graduate School of Architecture); Masamichi Hanazato (Graduate School of Architecture); Gordon Higgins (Graduate School of Architecture); Ken Iimura (Graduate School of Science and Technology); Kosuke Sakura (Graduate School of Architecture); Hidemi Yoshida (Graduate School of Architecture); Yuta Numata (Graduate School of Architecture); Yin Shan (Graduate School Of Architecture); Ghazal Jaberi (Graduate School of Architecture); Angel Rafael Martinez Mora (Graduate School of Architecture); Shoma Shimizu (Department of Economics); Eriko Sakai (Department of Architecture); Akihiko Ono (Graduate School of Horticulture); Mai Ishikawa (Graduate School of Horticulture); Haruka Takano (Graduate School of Horticulture); Miwa Fukuda (Graduate School of Architecture); Kantaro Hori (Department of Architecture); Hiroaki Yoshida (Graduate School of Architecture); Olavo Avalone (Graduate School of Architecture); Satomi Ito (Graduate School of Architecture Fumi Beppu (Graduate School of Architecture); Akiko Kaneko (Graduate School of Architecture); Masaki Nakamura (Graduate School of Architecture); Kohei Kamiya (Graduate School of Architecture); Kentaro Oide (Graduate School of Architecture); Sai Idatu (Graduate School of Architecture); Shun Fukushima (Graduate School of Education); Yoshie Nemoto (Graduate School Of Education); Makiko Kondo (Graduate School Of Education); Chie Koga (Graduate School Of Education); Ayaka Sakai (Graduate School of Education); Haruka Suzuki (Department of Architecture); Shinya Nakamura (Department of Architecture); Chiaki Tago (Department of Architecture); Anna Sugii (Department of Architecture); Trinh Ba Touc (Department of Architecture); Ryouhei Hazumi (Department of Architecture); Shinpei Suzuki (Department of Architecture). 16. UNIVERSIDADE DO PORTO, PORTUGAL Team Officers: Faculty Advisor: Manuel Vieira Lopes (CEM); Project Manager: João Veloso (CEM); Health & Safety: Prof. Miguel Tato (FEUP); Communication: Prof Gaspar Coutinho (FEUP)and Ana Teresa Carvalho (CEM); Project Development: Manuel Vieira Lopes (CEM | FAUP). Architecture: Manuel Vieira Lopes (CEM | FAUP), Cintia Pires Architect (FAUP), Daniel Pereira Architect (FAUP), Luisa Barreira Architect (FAUP), Simao Sandim Architect (FAUP).Structure: Prof. Teixeira da Silva (FEUP) & Prof. Póvoas (FAUP); Wood: Prof. Póvoas (FAUP); Metal:Prof. Teixeira da Silva (FEUP); Mechanism: Prof. Teixeira da Silva (FEUP); Infrastructure:Electric: Prof. Neves dos Santos (FEUP); Francisco Rocha Electrical Engineer (FEUP); Plumbing: Elisa Bela Soares (CEM); Mechanic: Joao Teles Mechanical Engineer (FEUP); André Santos Mechanical Engineer (FEUP); Jorge Amorim
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Mechanical Engineer (FEUP) ; Construction/Event: Logistic:Portilame, Metaloviana and Lazo; Outdoor Works Sedacor: Structure: Wood: Eng. Pedro Cunha (Portilame); Metal & Mechanism: Eng. José Barros (Metaloviana) ; Infrastructure: Francisco Rocha and João Teles (CEM) ; Revetments: Eng.Luis Rocha (Portilame) ; Furniture & Decoration: Manuel Vieira Lopes (CEM | FAUP). 17. ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE D’ARCHITECTURE PARIS-MALAQUAIS + ÉCOLE DES PONTS PARISTECH +UNIVERSITÀ DI FERRARA + POLITECNICO DI BARI, FRANCE + ITALY Team Officers: Faculty Advisor:Maurizio Brocato (Professor); Project Manager:Marios Vekinis (Architectural Student); Construction Manager:William Deleporte (Architectural Student); Project Architect:Giuseppe Fallacara (Professor); Project Engineer:Martina Presepi (PhD); Structural Engineer:Maurizio Brocato (Professor); Student Team Leader:Jean-Elie Tanguy (Architectural Student); Health & Safety Officer:Lucia Mondardini (PhD); Fire Watch Captain:Jean-Elie Tanguy (Architectural Student);Public Relation Contact:Guylène Moulin (Business Student);Instrumentation Contact:Donato Vincenzi (Professor); Electrical Engineer:Donato Vincenzi (Professor);Objective Contest Captain:Jean-Elie Tanguy (Architectural Student); Cost Estimator:Maurizio Brocato (Professor); Decathletes:Pierre Brana (Architectural Student); Mariangela Bruno (Architectural Student); Jean François Caron (Professor); Ezgi Ertan(Architectural Student); Carmen Giorgio (Architectural Student); Anna Mangione (Architectural Student); Ilaria Marcario (Architectural Student); Romain Mege (School manager & professor); Nahla Mouhouche (Architectural Student); Gianandrea Parentela (Architectural Student); Luana Pozzetti (PhD); Fabio Pretelli (Engineer); Zhuoying Sun(Architectural Student); Michele Tonezzer(Professor); Racha Touati(Architectural Student); Basile Truffault(Architectural Student); Silvia Traversi(Student); Greta Carangelo (Student); Stefano Baricordi(University staff); Claudine Deleporte(University Staff); Cristofe Racat(Architectural Student); Ying Gao(Architectural Student). 18. UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA, SPAIN Team Officers: José Antonio Turégano (Faculty Advisor - Profesor facultad de Ingeniería. PhD in SciencePhysics – Energy Efficiency in Building);Leonardo Agurto (Project Manager – Architect.GEE UDZ- PhD Student in renewable energy and energy efficiency); Alejandro del Amo (Project Manager- Industrial engineer – PhD Student in renewable energy and energy efficiency); Rodrigo Vidal (Project Architect / Health & Safety Officer Architect GEE UDZ); Paulina Espinosa (Construction Manager / Site Operator / Health & Safety Officer / Public Relation Contact / Decathlete – Arquitecta GEE UDZ); María Cabrerizo (Construction Manager / Site Operator / Health & Safety Officer / Objective Contest Captain / Cost Estimator / Decathlete – Ingeniera GEE UDZ); Daniel Sanginés (Health & Safety Officer / Decathlete – Ingeniero GEE PhD); Ángel Martínez (Construction Manager / Site Operator - GEE UDZ); Constantino Baile (Health & Safety Coordinator / Fire Watch Captain / Decathlete – Master in occupational safety); Jairo de la Nava (Health & Safety Officer / Decathlete – Master student in ecodesign); José Andrés López (Public Relation Contact Coordiantor – GEE UDZ); Dido Almárcegui (Public Relation Contact – Sociologist GEE UDZ); Julia Mérida (Public Relation Contact / Team member – Environmental science GEE UDZ); Arturo Guillén (Instrumentation Contact Coordinator / Decathlete –Monitoring engineer GEE UDZ); Pablo Estrada (Instrumentation Contact – Informático GEE UDZ); Enrique Ollés (Instrumentation Contact – Informático GEE UDZ); Manel Bosch(Objective contest captain / Decathlete – Industrial engineering student – third year); Jorge Sanz (Decathlete – Master student in ecodesign); Daniel Ariza (Decatlete – Architecture student – 4th year); María Llano (Decahtlete – grade); Marta Blasco (Decahtlete – Industrial designstudent. Final project); María Eugenia Notivoli(Decahtlete –Industrial designstudent. Final project); Clara Lorente (Decahtlete – Architecture student – 3rd year); Cristina Ramos (Decahtlete – Architecture student – 3rd year); Isabel Esquerrá (Decahtlete –Architecture student – 4th year); Daniel Sierra (Decahtlete –Architecture student – 3rd year); Eva Roldán (Sustainable report – Master student in renewable energy & energy efficiency); Diego García (Decahtlete –Architecture student – 3rd year); Gonzalo Brun (Team crew – technician EndeF); Sabina Pérez (Team crew ); Fernando Pérez (Decathlete - technician); Vicente Zárate (Team crew - technician); Daniel Segarra (Team member – fine arts student); Jorge Macaya (Team member ); Gemma Arbues (Team member); Amalia Checa (Team member); Roberto Pac (Team member); Juan José Casafranca (Team member – construction engineer student); Jesus Castrillo (Team crew); Alexandru Pralea (Team crew); Fernando Olariaga ((Team crew); Belinda López (Team member); Enrique Cano (Team member); Silvia Hernandez (Team member); Francisco López (Team member); Ignacio Lasierra (Team member). SOLAR DECATHLON EUROPE 2012 ORGANIZATION General management: SDEurope Director: Javier Serra María Tomé. Institutional Director UPM: José Manuel Páez. UPM Architecture School Director: Luis Maldonado Ramos. SDEurope General Director, Project Manager: Sergio Vega Sánchez. María Jimenez, Florencia Piñero. Economic area: Administrative and Financial Management: Responsible: Cristina Miró Pino, Team: Gema Barrero, Salvador Fernández, Mark Hallett, Alfredo Álvarez, Julián Chaparro, Ángel Hernandez, Antonio Rojo. Communication area: Communication
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Manager: Ismael Martínez Martínez. Internal & External Communication Director: Fernando Urías. External Communication responsible: Yolanda San Román. External Communication Team: Claudia Estrella, Xiana Santos. Multimedia editor: Marcus Carus. Social Media Responsible: David Sigüenza. International Media responsible: Victoria Smith. Public activities & events responsible: Judith Martínez Martínez. Public activities & events team: Sálvora Féliz. Sponsors &Institutional relations responsible: Juan Ramón Sánchez. Infrastructure area: Infrastructure Manager: Juan Valero. Villa Solar Responsible: Raúl Rubio. Villa Solar Team: Tomás Pineda, Enrique López, . Electrical Project: Álvaro Zamora. Telecommunications: Joaquín Ortigas. Office Building Responsible: Eva Gómez. Building Inspections Coordinator: Letzai Ruiz. Building Inspections Team: Juan Queipo, Elena Frias. Health & Safety Coordinator: Jesús Pérez Aloe. Health & Safety Team: Pedro Beguería. Site Operations Coordinator: Javier García. Logistics & Services Coordinator: Cristobal Contreras. Competition area: Competition Manager: Edwin Rodríguez Ubiñas. Competition Strategies Manager: Claudio Montero Santos. Competition Strategies Coordinator: María Porteros Mañueco. Competition Rules & Scientific Strategy Team: Martín Gil Von der Walde, Inés Idzikowski, Beatriz Arranz, Manuel Álvarez, Alejandro Castell. Participants Teams. Coordinator: María Barcia. Monitoring Coordinator: Álvaro Gutierrez. Monitoring Team: Manuel Castillo, Iñaki Navarro Oiza, Eduardo Matallanas de Ávila, Javier de la Rubia Tuya, Andrea Ortiz, Elda María Delgado García. Collaborators: Jorge Pérez, Alfonso García Santos, Estefanía Caamaño Martín, Miguel Ángel Egido de Aguilera, Josep María Adell Argilés, Javier Neila González, Cesar Bedoya Frutos., Ignacio Valero Ubierna, Ramón Araujo, Beatriz Rivela, Alberto Sánchez, Jorge Solórzano del Moral, Cesar Díaz Sanchidrían, Pablo Jiménez García, Carlos Espinosa Wilhemy, Domingo Guinea Díaz, Patricio Alañón Olmedo, Eunate Buzunariz, José María Quero, Juan Francisco Alamillo, Juan Carlos García Sabaniego, Alberto Sánchez del Collado, María Jesús Martín, Jaime Santos, Roberto Garcés, Gregorio Ortega, José Miguel Reyes.
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EUROPEAN PARTNERS
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