Solvent Polarity Chart.pdf

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Polarity Index1. Viscosity (cP) UV (nm) Cutoff2. Solubility in Water (%). Acetic Acid. 6.2. 1.26. 230. 100. Acetone. 5.1. 0.32. 330. 100. Acetonitrile. 5.8. 0.37. 190.
Acetone

Acetic Acid

Acetonitrile

Butanol

Benzene

Chloroform

Carbon tetrachloride

Cyclohexane

Dichloromethane

1,2- Dichloroethane

Dimethylsulfoxide

Dimethyl formamide

Ethanol

Dioxane

Ethyl acetate

Ethyl ether

Hexane

Heptane

Methanol

Isopropyl alcohol

Methyl-t-butyl ether

Pentane

Methyl ethyl ketone

Toluene

Tetrahydrafuran

Water

Xylene

Acetic Acid Acetone Acetonitrile Benzene Butanol Carbon tetrachloride Chloroform Cyclohexane 1,2- Dichloroethane Dichloromethane Dimethyl formamide Dimethylsulfoxide Dioxane Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl ether Heptane Hexane Isopropyl alcohol Methanol Methyl-t-butyl ether Methyl ethyl ketone Pentane Tetrahydrafuran Toluene Water Xylene

Miscibile Immiscible

Polarity Index1 Viscosity (cP) 6.2 1.26 5.1 0.32 5.8 0.37 2.7 0.65 4.0 0.73 1.6 0.97 4.1 0.57 0.2 1.00 3.5 0.79 3.1 0.44 6.4 0.92 7.2 2.00 4.8 1.54 5.2 1.20 4.4 0.45 2.8 0.32 0.0 0.39 0.0 0.33 3.9 2.30 5.1 0.60 2.5 0.27 4.7 0.45 0.0 0.23 4.0 0.55 2.4 0.59 9.0 1.00 2.5 0.61

UV (nm) Cutoff2 230 330 190 280 254 263 245 200 225 235 268 268 215 210 260 220 200 200 210 205 210 329 200 215 285 200 290

Solubility in Water (%) 100 100 100 0.18 0.43 0.08 0.815 0.01 0.81 1.6 100 100 100 100 8.7 6.89 0.0003 0.001 100 100 4.8 24 0.0004 100 0.051 100 0.018

1

The polarity index is a measure of the relative polarity of a solvent and is useful for identifying suitable mobile phase solvents. The polarity index increases with polarity. For reverse phase chromatography eluent strength decreases as its polarity increases 2 UV

cutoff, the wavelength at which the solvent absorbance in a 1 cm path length cell is equal to 1 AU (absorbance unit) using water in the reference cell.

Solvent Polarity Chart Relative Polarity

Formula

Group

Non-polar

R-H

Alkanes

Ar-H R-O-R

Aromatics Ethers

R-X

Alkyl halides

R-COOR

Esters Aldehydes and ketones

Solvent Miscibility and Viscosity Chart adapted from Paul Sadek The HPLC Solvent Guide Wiley-Interscience, 2002.

Mobile phases, stationary phase, analyte and samples must be compatible

R-CO-R

Polar

R-NH2

Amines

R-OH

Alcohols

R-COHN2 Amides R-COOH Carboxylic Acid H-O-H Water

Solvents Petroleum ethers, hexanes, ligroin Toluene Diethyl ether Tricholoromethane, chloroform Ethyl acetate Acetone, MEK Pyridine, triethylamine MeOH, EtOH, IPA, Butanol Dimethyformamide Ethanoic Acid