Accepted Manuscript Space Research and EMF-Induced Adaptive Responses S.M.J. Mortazavi PII: DOI: Reference:
S2251-7294(12)00028-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.10.001 JMHI 25
To appear in:
Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas
Received Date: Accepted Date:
5 October 2012 5 October 2012
Please cite this article as: S.M.J. Mortazavi, Space Research and EMF-Induced Adaptive Responses, Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas (2012), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmhi.2012.10.001
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Space Research and EMF-Induced Adaptive Responses Dear Editor, I read with great interest an article by Abdollahi et al. “Radiofrequency radiation may help astronauts in space missions", published in the latest issue of Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas (1). The authors of the article report that “according to adaptive response and the fact that radiofrequency radiation can reduce adverse effects of high level of radiation or other mutagen agents, we suggest that radiofrequency radiation may help astronauts in space missions”. In 2003, in a highly cited original paper entitled “Adaptive response studies may help choose astronauts for long-term space travel”, which was published in " Advances in Space Research" (2), we reported that “for a deep space mission the adaptive response of all potential crew members should be measured and only those with high adaptive response be chosen”. We also suggested that “chronic exposure to elevated levels of radiation can greatly decrease radiation susceptibility and can better protect astronauts against the unpredictable exposure to sudden and dramatic increase in flux due to solar flares and coronal mass ejections” (2). In addition we also reported that there are inter-individual variability in induction of adaptive response (3). Moreover, we also reported that radiofrequency radiation can induce adaptive response phenomenon (4-6). In our experiments, rats were exposed to 900 MHz RF at 2 W power density (adapting dose) for a total of 6 hours/day (3 h on/12 h off cycles for 4 days) for 4 days. They were then subjected to whole-body LD 50/30 dose of 8 Gy gamma radiation (Challenge Dose). Survival of the rates exposed to both adapting and challenge doses were increased significantly as compared to those subjected to Challenge Dose alone (4, 5). Although concept of adaptive response for choosing astronauts for long-term space travel dates back to 2003 (2, 7) but what is proposed by Abdollahi et al. may not be considered in any real situation. As explained in our 2003 reports (2, 7), in any space mission, chronic exposure to elevated levels of space radiation may act as an adapting dose and can lead to a considerable decrease in radiation susceptibility of astronauts and can better protect them against the unpredictable exposure to relatively high radiation levels caused by solar activity. In other words, existence of or lack of radiofrequency, does not have any independent role in the process of induction of adaptive response in space missions. Keywords: Space Radiation, Astronauts, Radiofrequency, Adaptive Response, Low Dose Radiation
Best regards Prof. SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D
References: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65
1. Abdollahi H, Teymouri M, Khademi S. Radiofrequency radiation may help astronauts in space missions. Journal of Medical Hypotheses and Ideas. (0). 2. Mortazavi S, Cameron J, Niroomand-Rad A. Adaptive response studies may help choose astronauts for long-term space travel. Advances in Space Research. 2003;31(6):1543-51. 3. Mortazavi S, Ikushima T, Mozdarani H. Variability of chromosomal radioadaptive response in human lymphocytes. Iran J Radiat Res. 2003;1(1):55-61. 4. Mortazavi SMJ, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Tavassoli AR, Taheri M, Bagheri Z, Ghalandari R, et al. A comparative study on the increased radioresistance to lethal doses of gamma rays after exposure to microwave radiation and oral intake of flaxseed oil. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research. 2011;9(1):9-14. 5. Mortazavi SMJ, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Tavassoli AR, Taheri M, Mehdizadeh AR, Namazi SAS, et al. Increased Radioresistance to Lethal Doses of Gamma Rays in Mice and Rats after Exposure to Microwave Radiation Emitted by a GSM Mobile Phone Simulator. Dose Response. 2012;in press. 6. Haghani M, Mortazavi SMJ, Sardari D, Mosleh Shirazi MA, Mansouri A, Mahbudi A. Assessment of the Role of Specific Absorption Rate on the Induction of Microwave-Induced Survival Adaptive Responses after Exposure to Lethal Doses of Gamma Radiation. Iranian Journal of Radiation Research. in press. 7. Mortazavi SMJ, Cameron JR, Niroomand-rad A, editors. Is the adaptive response an efficient protection against the detrimental effects of space radiation. 28th International Cosmic Ray Conference; 2003 July 31-August 7, 2003; Tsukuba, Japan: Universal Academy Press.
----------------Address for Correspondence: Prof. SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D Medical Physics & Medical Engineering Department, The Head The Center for Research on Radiological Sciences, The Head Medical Physics & Medical Engineering Department School of Medicine, Zand Street Shiraz University of Medical Sciences E-mail:
[email protected] Tel: ±98-711-2349332, Fax1: ±98-711-2349332
