Straightforward Advanced Unit 1. 1. A1 A fresh start ... to operate on sb to cut a
body open for ... to make sb feel relaxed and comfortable. They all made me feel
...
Straightforward Advanced Unit 1 A1 A fresh start English
definition
example
German
Speaking (p.32) to satisfy (needs; requirements; desires) a yearning for sth plastic surgery recuperation
to have or provide something that is needed or wanted a very strong desire, especially for sth that you cannot have or sth that is very difficult to have a medical operation to bring a damaged area of skin, and sometimes bone, back to a usual getting well again an illness; getting back your appearance, or toafter improve a person's appearance strength, health, etc
She satisfies all the requirements for the job. I suppose it's because I live in a crowded city that I have this yearning for open spaces. She had plastic surgery on her nose to straighten it. Surgery is usually followed by a recuperation period.
to set up (a company)
to start business
Only two years after setting up Pear Computers, the company is doing extremely well.
an appeal
the quality in someone or something that makes them attractive or interesting
Spielberg films have a wide appeal.
obvious
clear; easy to see, recognize or understand
to wake up to the fact that…
to realise
a third of…
1/3 of something
A third of the population have voted against him.
swanky
very expensive and fashionable
We stayed in a swanky hotel.
something comes to …
something costs ….
The total bill comes to € 2000.
to give someone official information about something to travel or take people regularly between the same two places to cut a body open for medical reasons in order to repair or replace a part an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in colour to (cause to) lose colour, brightness or strength gradually
Our lawyers have advised that the costs could be enormous. A small train shuttles constantly between the terminal and the runways.
a large amount of something
She received a shower of praise from her colleagues.
to be advised sth to shuttle to operate on sb a bruise to fade a shower of (compliments)
They have a small child so for obvious reasons they need money. Even car lovers have woken up to the fact that global warming is caused by CO2 emissions.
Are they going to operate on him? His arms and back were covered in bruises. My suntan is already fading.
1
Straightforward Advanced Unit 1 Jemma's miniskirt raised a few eyebrows at the board meeting. to raise a few eyebrows
to cause surprise or shock
to announce (your) decision to do sth
to make your plans public
Fiat announced their decision to pull out of the deal this morning.
to lack sth
to not have or not have enough of something that is needed or wanted
He just lacks a little confidence.
spontaneity
naturalness
The script has a refreshing spontaneity and sparkle.
to question sth wisdom
to express doubts about the value of something or whether something is true the ability to use your knowledge and experience to make good decisions and judgements
I questioned the wisdom of taking so many pills. Did we ever stop to question the wisdom of going to war?
on occasion
sometimes but not often
He has, on occasion, made a small mistake.
to be determined (not) to do sth
wanting to do something very much and not letting anyone or any difficulties stop you
to divide sth up
to share
I'm determined to get this piece of work finished today. I think we should divide (up) the costs equally among/between us.
to concur
to agree; to be in agreement
When he said this, everyone concurred.
to have roots somewhere
to belong somewhere, to have friends there, etc.
She never felt she had roots in that city.
to break with the past
to leave the past behind and make a new start
After her husband left her, she felt she had to break with the past, so she moved away.
a failed marriage
a marriage that didn’t work out
He went to live abroad after a failed marriage.
to rule out sth
to decide against sth
to make sb feel at home
to make sb feel relaxed and comfortable
the public mood
how people feel and express this in public
After Obama’s election, the public mood improved.
euphoria
extreme happiness, sometimes more than is reasonable in a particular situation
They were in a state of euphoria for days after they won the prize.
to marvel at sth
to become filled with wonder or astonishment
We marvelled that they walked away unhurt from the car accident.
We ruled out camping as the weather didn’t seem good enough. They all made me feel at home on my first day at work.
2
Straightforward Advanced Unit 1
bury thefrom past one (club) to another to transfer to hail shiftsth away from something
to change to a different job, team, place of work, to forget about what happened etc., or to make someone do this to (causeorsomething or someone to) move or to greet acclaim enthusiastically change from one position or direction to another
Some very high-profile British players have Germany still hasn’t buried its Third Reich past. transferred to clubs abroad. Media attention hasthe shifted away from the scandal in The crowds hailed boxing champion. the British government. Concern for the safety of the two missing teenagers is growing. He says he'll tell the authorities but it's just an empty threat. There will be an interim government to oversee the transition to democracy.
a concern
a worry
a threat to sth
a suggestion that sth unpleasant will happen, especially if a particular action is not followed
a transition
a change from one form or type to another
to be on the rise
to increase
Violent crime is on the rise.
an embodiment of sth
someone or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly
He was the embodiment of the English gentleman.
virtually
almost; practically
He is loved by virtually everyone.
to don sth
to put on some clothes
He donned his finest coat and hat.
a jersey
a shirt which is worn by a member of a sports team
The jersey of the SA rugby team is green and gold.
If someone is recognized, it is generally accepted that they have a particular position or quality someone who is unwilling to change their ideas or ways of behaving for events that have an effect on everyone or everything in a place or group
Professor Jones is a recognized authority on ancient Egypt.
to be recognised as diehard to reverberate
to bury the past
There are still some diehard fans of ABBA. News of the disaster reverberated around the world. South Africa’s economic boom was seen as a miracle by many. Varying your diet means not eating only pasta all the time, for example.
the miracle of sth
any very surprising and unexpected event
to vary your diet
to change the kinds of things you eat from time to time
to convert a currency
to change, for example Swiss Francs into Euros
to switch between channels
to hop from one TV channel to the next
to adapt to new situations
to become familiar with a new situation
to alter some clothes
to change the cut or size of clothes
After her first child, Barbie had to have all her clothes altered.
to radically change
to change in an extreme way
Giving up drugs means changing your lifestyle radically.
Some people seem to be addicted to switching between channels. It took me a while to adapt to the new job.
3
Straightforward Advanced Unit 1
C1 Growing up English
definition
example
Reading (p. 10 - 11) to feature sth/sb
to include someone or something as an important part
startingly different
surprisingly different
to reveal sth to chart the latest instalment to strike sb (struck/struck) a barrister
to allow something to be seen that, until then, had been hidden to watch something with careful attention or to record sth in detail one of a number of parts into which a story amount of money owed has been divided to cause someone to have a feeling or idea about something
The film features James Dean as a disaffected teenager.
A gap in the clouds revealed the Atlantic far below. A global study has just been started to chart the effects of climate change. The novel has been serialized for radio in five instalments. Doesn't it strike you as rather odd that he never talks about his family?
a type of lawyer in Britain or Australia
to have your ups and downs to admit
to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly
She admitted (that) she had made a mistake.
composed
calm and in control of your emotions
She looked remarkably composed throughout the funeral.
content
pleased with your situation and not hoping for change or improvement
He seems fairly content with (his) life.
yet
but; however
She felt tired yet happy.
to appear
to seem
They appear content with their lives.
to feel ill-at-ease
to feel uncomfortable; not easy socially
At parties Jack usually feels ill-at-ease at first.
to fear for sth
to be worried or frightened that something bad might happen or might have happened
Police fear (that) the couple may have drowned.
sanity
mental health; good judgement and understanding
He'd been behaving so strangely that they began to question his sanity.
a sense of purpose
determination or a feeling of having a reason for what you do
Parenthood would give him a sense of purpose.
4
Straightforward Advanced Unit 1
unpredictable
tending to change suddenly and without reason and therefore not able to be depended on
angelic features
angel-like looks; very sweet looks
weathered
worn, as if by exposure to weather If something bears testimony to a fact, it proves that it is true. the group of people elected to govern a particular area organize services for it
The hours in this job are very unpredictable - you sometimes have to work late at very short notice. With his blond hair and blue eyes, Tommy used to be known for his angelic features. Today, 30 years later, his looks are weathered and rough. The iron bridge bears testimony to the skills developed in that era. The district council is responsible for keeping the roads safe.
to keep someone occupied
to keep sb busy
Visiting other old people keeps granny occupied.
to supplement your income
to add to your income to make it larger
He supplements (= adds to) his income by working in a bar in the evening.
state benefits
money the state provides for the unemployed
Thanks to state benefits she managed to survive.
to map out
to plan the future or a plan in detail
to attend (a) school
to go officially and usually regularly to school
to come from a privileged background
to come from an educated and well-off family
to bear testimony to sth a council
His future is all mapped out ahead of him. Which school do your children attend?
to accept, admit or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something with many people trying to win (something) or be more successful than others
Children from privileged backgrounds often attend public (= private) schools in Britain. He didn't even acknowledge my presence (= show that he had seen me). Acting is very competitive - you've got to really push yourself if you want to succeed.
undoubtedly
not questioned or doubted; accepted as the truth
She was undoubtedly the best candidate.
to benefit from sth
to be helped by something
I feel that I have benefited greatly from her wisdom.
to provide for sb
to take care of sb financially
He provided for the whole family until his death.
to enable sb to do sth
to make someone able to do something
Working part-time enabled her to spend more time with her horse.
earnings
the amount of money that someone is paid for the work they do
Average earnings for skilled workers are rising.
a lad
a boy or young man
A group of young lads were standing outside the shop.
to acknowledge competitive
5
Straightforward Advanced Unit 1
rigid
stiff or fixed; not able to be changed
to expose sth
to make public something bad or dishonest
sb’s humble beginnings
sb’s poor background or low social rank
to prevent sb from (doing) sth
to keep sb from (doing) sth
to train to be (+ occupation)
to prepare or be prepared for a job or sport, by learning skills and/or by mental or physical exercise
Isn't Michael training to be a lawyer?
a cab
a taxi
London cabs are famous – old-fashioned and black.
a large building on a farm in which hay used to be kept but which is now used for living to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve a problem entering a situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be the careful and detailed examination of something in order to obtain information about it
He lives in a converted barn, next to a farmhouse which is a B & B.
a converted barn to deal with sth an intrusion close scrutiny
Britian’s class system used to be very rigid. The review exposed widespread corruption in the police force. Even when she became rich and famous, she never forgot her humble beginnings. His disability prevents him (from) driving.
How do you intend to deal with this problem? An angry phone call from his boss was an intrusion into an otherwise peaceful morning. The Government's record will come under close scrutiny in the weeks before the election.
6
