Studien zur AltÃ¤gyptiSchen Kultur

Studien zur altägyptischen Kultur Herausgegeben von Jochem Kahl und Nicole Kloth

Band 42 | 2013

Helmut Buske Verlag Hamburg

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Die Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur (SAK), gegründet 1974, erscheinen jährlich in ein bis zwei Bänden. Manuskripte erbeten an die Herausgeber oder an den Verlag: Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH Richardstraße 47 D-22081 Hamburg [email protected] Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. Jochem Kahl Freie Universität Berlin Ägyptologisches Seminar Altensteinstr. 33 D-14195 Berlin [email protected]

Dr. Nicole Kloth Sondersammelgebiet Ägyptologie Universitätsbibliothek Plöck 107-109 D-69117 Heidelberg [email protected]

Beirat: Prof. Dr. Hartwig Altenmüller (Hamburg) Prof. Dr. Manfred Bietak (Wien) Prof. Dr. Angelika Lohwasser (Münster) Prof. Dr. Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg)

Alle Manuskripte unterliegen einer anonymisierten Begutachtung (peer review); über die Annahme oder Ablehnung des Manuskripts entscheiden die Herausgeber. Über die Internetseite http://studien-zur-altaegyptischen-kultur.de sind die Formatvorlage sowie weitere Hinweise zur Erstellung von Manuskripten für die SAK zu finden. ISSN 0340-2215 (Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur) ISBN 978-3-87548-668-1 © Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH, Hamburg 2014. Alle Rechte, auch die des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der fotomechanischen Wiedergabe und der Übersetzung, vorbehalten. Dies betrifft auch die Vervielfältigung und Übertragung einzelner Textabschnitte durch alle Verfahren wie Speicherung und Übertragung auf Papier, Filme, Bänder, Platten und andere Medien, soweit es nicht §§ 53 und 54 URG ausdrücklich gestatten. Bildbearbeitung, Druckvorstufe: Da-TeX, Leipzig. Druck: Strauss, Mörlenbach. Buchbinderische Verarbeitung: Schaumann, Darmstadt. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier: alterungsbeständig nach ANSI-Norm resp. DIN-ISO 9706, hergestellt aus 100% chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff. Printed in Germany.

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The Asyut Project: Tenth Season of Fieldwork (2012) Jochem Kahl / Mahmoud El-Khadragy / Ursula Verhoeven / Mohamed Abdelrahiem / Ewa Czyżewska (Taf. 7-13) Abstract From August 28th to October 18th, 2012, the Egyptian-German joint mission of Sohag University, Freie Universität Berlin and Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz conducted its tenth season of fieldwork in the ancient necropolis situated in the western mountains of Asyut (Gebel Asyut al-gharbi).1 The fieldwork focused on the following tombs/activities (cf. Fig. 26): Tomb V (Khety I; First Intermediate Period), Northern SoldiersTomb (H11.1; Dynasty 11), Tomb I (Djefai-Hapi I, Dynasty 12), Tomb of the Dogs (Late Period to Roman Period). In addition to that, due to the surveying previously unknown structures were discovered, that will be discussed on the following pages: Middle Kingdom Tomb M12.3, spolia of a New Kingdom temple on the mountain plateau (Kôm el-Shuqafa), and a depot of Late Roman pottery.

Tomb M12.3 (Newberry Tomb 1/Tomb 8) While surveying geological step 7,2 the entrance to a tomb (M12.3) was found. This was already mentioned by the French Expedition (1799) and by Percy E. Newberry (1893). A ground plan of the tomb and two details of its wall decoration were published in the Description de l’Égypte (Figs. 1-4).3 The statement given by the French savants was quite brief: Le troisième hypogée, pl. 48, fig. 1, voisin des deux précédens, est très-petit, et il ressemblerait plutôt à un caveau dépendant autrefois d’un hypogée plus grand qui aurait été détruit par l’éboulement d’une partie du rocher. (DEVILLIERS/JOLLOIS, in: Description de l’Égypte. Tome quatrième, Antiquités-descriptions, Seconde edition, Paris 1821, 150). 1

During fieldwork we received full cooperation and encouragement from the Ministry of State for Antiquities. Thanks are due in particular to the State Minister of Archeology. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim, to the Chairman, Dr. Mohsen Said Ali, to the Head of the Archeology Sector, Dr. Mohamed Abdel-Aziz Al-Bilali, to the Director General of Antiquities for Middle Egypt, Dr. Abdel-Rahman El-Aidi, to the Director General of Asyut, Mr. Abdel-Satar Ahmed Mohamed, to the Head of the Foreign and Egyptian Mission Affairs and Permanent Committee, Dr. Mohamed Ismail, and to the head of the restorers, Mr. Mohamed Salah. The accompanying inspectors were Adly Garas Matta, Medhat Fayez Hanna and Mohamed Refaat Mohamed. The inspector in the magazine at Shutb was Mr. Ayman Ahmed Salam. The restorers were Khaled Gomaa Sayed, Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Omran and Michel Nabil Gendi. Members of the mission were: Prof. Dr. Mahmoud El-Khadragy, Prof. Dr. Jochem Kahl, Prof. Dr. Mohamed Abdelrahiem, Prof. Dr. Ursula Verhoeven, Prof. Dr. Abd El-Naser Yasin, Dr. Sameh Shafik, Dr. Hesham Faheed Ahmed, Dr. Michael van Elsbergen, Dr. Teodozja Rzeuska, Dr. Ulrike Fauerbach, Andrea Kilian, Monika Zöller-Engelhardt, Svenja A. Gülden, Josephine Malur, Anne Herzberg, Ann-Cathrin Gabel, Tina Beck, Fritz Barthel, Eva Gervers, Cornelia Goerlich, Barbara Reichenbächer, Mohamed Helmi, Mohamed Farag, Mohamed Alshafey, Rudaina Bayoumi Hasan, Dana Jacoby, Alexandra Winkels, Aneta Cedro, Ewa Czyżewska. 2 For the geological division of the mountain by D. Klemm and R. Klemm cf. J. Kahl, Ancient Asyut: The First Synthesis after 300 Years of Research, The Asyut Project 1, Wiesbaden 2007, 59-61, Fig. 33 and R. Klemm/D. Klemm, Stones and Quarries in Ancient Egypt, London 2008, 112-115, Fig. 165. 3 Description, Ant. IV, pls. 47.12-13, 48.1-2.

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Fig. 1: Description, Ant. IV, pl. 47.12.


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In 1893, Percy E. Newberry was able to spot far more inscriptions and painted decoration on the tomb walls and the ceiling. However, Newberry’s notes on the tomb remained unknown to the public until 1995, when Diana Magee gave an instructive summary of all available information on the tomb at the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists in Cambridge. 4 Since Newberry changed his numbering system of Asyuti tombs during his work, he labeled the tomb as Tomb 1 as well as Tomb 8. Some time after his visit to Asyut in 1893, the tomb was apparently buried by a landslide, since it was not mentioned again by Egyptologists or travelers. During her research stay on Gebel Asyut al-gharbi in 1986, Diana Magee could also not detect the tomb. Due to the fact that the tomb was only recently rediscovered in 2012, the Egyptian-German mission of the Asyut Project has not yet been allowed to work inside the tomb this season so that the following notes are only preliminary.5 4

D. Magee, in: C. J. Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists. Cambridge, 3-9 September 1995, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 82, Leuven 1998, 717-729. 5 A first systematic examination will take place in summer 2013. In 2012, Rudaina Bayoumi Hasan, Mohamed Helmi and Josephine Malur supervised the workmen while cleaning the entrance area to Tomb M12.3.

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The French Expedition and Newberry provided incorrect information on the tomb’s location and architecture. 6 According to the French Expedition it was very small and situated in the near vicinity of two larger tombs described by the French savants. The identification of these two tombs remains inconclusive: Tomb I10.1 (situated on geological step 6 in the northern part of the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi) and Tomb O12.1 (situated on geological step 5 between Tomb I and Tomb II) are probably comparable to these tombs. 7 Diana Magee suggested that the small tomb should be located below Tomb III, IV and V (geological step 6) and above Tomb I (geological step 2). Actually, the tomb is situated above Tomb V on geological step 7 (see Fig. 26), which means that there is a mistake in the description of the French Expedition. 8 Also, contrary to the description of the French Expedition and Newberry, 9 the tomb consisted of at least six rooms. As of today, five rooms of the tomb are still preserved; originally there was at least one more room in front of the others. The two rooms in the ground plan, as it was described by the French Expedition and by Newberry, probably constituted the only part of the tomb at that time, which was easily accessible. The two rooms are the first preserved ones of the tomb and fit exactly into the sequence of five rooms as they are recognizable today. The inscriptions as well as the architecture leave no doubt about the identification of the recently detected tomb with Newberry Tomb 1/Tomb 8. In correspondence to Newberry’s notes, the door jambs of the passage leading from the first preserved room to the second one still show some traces of hieroglyphs painted on gypsum plaster and the name of the Thirteenth Upper Egyptian Nome can be recognized. 10 The second preserved room shows remnants of painted wall decoration, including an autobiographical text. The tomb’s ceiling is completely decorated with a painted basket pattern (red and yellow on white) 11 and a line of inscription running along the axis from east to west. As Newberry already noted, 12 the inscription includes an offering formula and mentions name and title of the tomb owner: Htp d(i) nsw Wcir nb r’-qrr.t D(i)=f qbH.w c:nTr mrH.t (i)x.t nb.t nfr.t wab(.t) anx(.t) [nTr] im n kA n imAx.y idn.w $ty ir.n N[xt] An offering which the king and Osiris, Lord of Raqereret, give, may he give libation, incense, oil, and everything good and pure which the god lives on for the Ka of the revered one, the Deputy Khety born to N[akht] By comparing the descriptions given by the French Expedition and Newberry with the recent state of the tomb, it can be concluded that the tomb suffered from the forces of nature and vandalism during the last one hundred years. Excrements of bats have damaged the ceiling decoration as well as the wall decoration. A black coat of excrements covers 6

Description, Ant. IV, pls. 48.1-2. Cf. J. Kahl, Die Zeit selbst lag nun tot darnieder. Die Stadt Assiut und ihre Nekropolen nach westlichen Reiseberichten des 17. bis 19. Jahrhunderts: Konstruktion, Destruktion und Rekonstruktion, The Asyut Project 5, Wiesbaden 2013 (in print). 8 A close study of the text given by the Description de l’Égypte reveals more inaccuracies in the description of Asyut; cf. Kahl, Die Zeit selbst lag nun tot darnieder, chapter 4.5: Wege der Forschung. 9 The ground plan given by Newberry indicates at least that there could be another room after the second one (cf. Magee, in: Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, 719). 10 Cf. Newberry’s notes published by Magee, in: Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, 718. 11 Cf. Magee, in: Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, 718-720. 12 Cf. Magee, in: Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, 719-720. 7

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parts of the paintings. In addition, large parts of the walls are destroyed. The restoration work in Tomb M12.3 will take place next season. Detailed information about the preserved parts of the decoration cannot be provided until this work will be finished. At the moment, only some general notes are to be made: The southern and northern walls of the second room still display parts of two offering lists and paintings depicting the tomb owner and female members of his family. 13 If the paintings that were published in the Description de l’Égypte (Figs. 1-2) are still existing has to be determined once the restoration will be finished. The upper part of the wall decoration ends with the painting of a kheker frieze. The autobiographical text on the eastern wall, north of the doorway, is relatively well preserved. It gives information on the name and titles of the tomb owner (the deputy Khety) and describes, among other things, a visit to the neighboring town of Shashotep (modern Shutb, situated to the south of Asyut).14 From the northern and southern wall of this second room, two chambers or sloping passages, still filled with debris, branch off. Subsequent rooms, following the second one, were previously not noticed by the early Egyptologists. A third room is connected to the second one and leads further into the mountain. A fourth room leads still deeper into the mountain, a fifth one opens from the third one to the south. A vertical shaft in this room can be recognized. The walls of the other rooms are completely blackened by excrements of bats. According to the description provided by Newberry, Magee plausibly dated the tomb to the late Twelfth Dynasty.15 The central argument for the dating was the tomb owner’s visit to Shashotep (capital of the neighboring Nome), which, according to Newberry’s copies, took place in the fourteenth or 22nd year of an unnamed king.16 Next season, a close examination of this part of the inscription as well as of the texts and decoration in general will provide exact information on the dating of Tomb M12.3. J. K. / M. A. / M. Kh. New Kingdom temple remains and other religious objects from the mountain plateau 17 This season, during a one-day survey on the mountain plateau of the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi (Kôm el-Shuqafa)18, several stone blocks and fragments were found (cf. Fig. 26), parts of which seem to be architectural remains of a larger building, possibly a temple. The elements of the decoration and the fragmentary inscriptions provide information about the date (Ramesses II), local gods (Hathor, Wepwawet, Osiris-Khontamenty) and cultic activities (incense, priest with leopard skin, menat). This is the first time that the Asyut Project has found New Kingdom decorated stones in the field (in former years, only some very fragmentary blocks with New Kingdom decoration were rediscovered inside Tomb IV deposited by D. Hogarth). Therefore, this area on top of the mountain seems to be a place, where not too far away sacral architecture from that period must have been built. The stone blocks may of course have served as spolia for later architecture, for example the buildings 13

Cf. Magee, in: Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, 720-725. Magee, in: Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, 725-729. 15 Magee, in: Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists, 728-729. 16 Newberry’s copies point to both dates. 17 Thanks to Monika Zöller-Engelhardt, Andrea Kilian and Svenja A. Gülden for technical and graphic support and Jeff Simpson for correcting my English. 18 J. Kahl, Ancient Asyut, Wiesbaden 2007, 102. 14

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of the Coptic monastery Deir el-Azzam or its surroundings (cf. no. 6). 19 Only future field work can clarify the situation on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi. 1) Limestone block with cartouche of Ramesses II (S12/39, SCA Reg. 239): Pl. 7 a Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 21.5 cm, Width 39 cm, Thickness 10 cm Description: Sunk relief, upper part of four columns of hieroglyphs between vertical lines. The first and the fourth column are partly destroyed. The beginning of the carved lines between the columns is partly visible at the top, therefore the block may come from the top of a scene.

Fig. 5: S12/39 (Drawing: A. Kilian).

The hieroglyphs are read from right to left:

x+1) /// [Wsr-]MAa.t-[Ra] stp-n-Ra /// x+2) /// [jb=f ?] Aw m mn /// x+3) /// mrj MAa.t Htp(.t?) nb /// x+4) /// Hr gs /// n nb (?) /// x+1) /// [Weser]-Ma‘at-[Ra] Setep-en-Ra /// x+2) /// [his heart ?] is joyful about the monu[ment ...] x+3) /// beloved by Ma‘at, who is content/with whom [her] lord is content (?) x+4) /// on the [...] side ... of the lord (?) /// 19

Cf. I. Eichner/Th. Beckh, in: J. Kahl/M. El-Khadragy/U. Verhoeven et al., The Asyut Project: Seventh Season of Fieldwork (2009), in: SAK 39, 2010, 18-21.

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Ramsesses II was known to have had great interest in Asyut and an “affinity to the Lady of Asyut”.20 If the reconstruction in line 2 is correct, the text speaks about the king who is happy about a new building. 2) Limestone block with building inscription (S12/19): Pl. 7 b Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 18 cm, Width 53 cm, Thickness 20 cm Description: Sunk relief. A horizontal line of hieroglyphs with a border line below, reading from right to left.

Fig. 6: S12/19 (Drawing: S. Sameh & A. Kilian).

1) /// n Hw[.t-ntr] m jnr HD n mrwt Dj /// 1) /// [ ... he (?) has built (?) the gate (?)] of the [tem]ple (?) of white limestone, because/for [he/she] lets/gives /// For the closest parallel to the sentence structure with n mrw.t, cf. the obelisk of Ramesses II from Heliopolis, today in Rome: S. Grallert, Bauen – Stiften - Weihen, ADAIK 18,1, Berlin 2001, 542, doc. R2/pWv002: „SM war es, die dieses Denkmal vollendete für seinen Vater aus dem Wunsch heraus (n mrw.t), seinen Namen dauerhaft zu machen im pr des Re …“ („jn Hm.f snfr mnw pn n jtj.f n mrw.t rdj mn rn.f m pr Ra.w“). She calls this kind of formula „parenthetischen Widmungsvermerk“. 3) Limestone block with a ritual scene before Osiris-Khontamenty (S12/34, SCA Reg. 237): Pl. 8 a Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 25 cm, Width 53 cm, Thickness 19 cm Description: Sunk relief. In the upper part, 14 kheker elements with a border line below. In the lower part on the left side, a depiction of the atef crown, whose middle part wears a sun disk, while right and left ostrich feathers are surmounted. In the middle and on the right part

20

Cf. the cited documents by T. DuQuesne, The Great Goddess and her Companions in Middle Egypt, in: B. Rothöhler/A. Manisali (eds.), Mythos & Ritual, Fs J. Assmann, Münster 2008, 23f.

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of the block are five columns of hieroglyphs, three of them read from left to right and two from right to left:

Fig. 7: Idealized sketch of S12/34 with reconstruction of the decoration (U. Verhoeven & S. A. Gülden).

1) jr.t snTr /// 2) jn (?) /// 3) /// x+4) Wsjr /// x+5) jmn.ty /// 1) Offering incense /// 2) by (?) /// 3) /// x+4) Osiris [Khont-] x+5) amenty /// For the writing of “incense” with the bA-bowl sign (R7), cf. an example from the time of Seti I in Abydos: S. Cauville, L’offrande aux dieux dans le temple égyptien, Leuven 2011, 37. 4) Limestone block with hieroglyphs (S12/18): Pl. 8 b Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 16 cm, Width 51.5 cm, Thickness 12 cm Description: Sunk relief, on the right are fragments of a vertical column of hieroglyphs between two border lines, reading from right to left; further on the left is a singular vertical line, at the end on the left side is a broad vertical element.

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Fig. 8: S12/18 (Drawing: S. Sameh).

1) /// mr [Wp-wA].wt /// (?) 2) /// beloved by [Wepwa]wet /// (?) The reading is very hypothetical. It is possible to reconstruct other words, of course. . 5) Limestone block depicting a priest with leopard skin (S12/33): Pl. 9 a Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 26 cm, Width 41 cm, Thickness 21 cm Description: Sunk relief. On the right half, a depiction of a standing male figure stepping out and looking right, while the upper part of his body and his feet are missing. A single vertical line behind him closes the scene. The left half of the block is not carved, therefore the block seems to have been used in the construction of a corner. The man is wearing a leopard skin, which characterizes him as a sm or iwn-mw.t=f priest. An apron thereunder is missing. The two back feet and the tail of the animal skin are hanging down around his knees and are seen from above, therefore the animal skin must have covered also his shoulders and upper arms (cf. U. Rummel, Iunmutef: Konzeption und Wirkungsbereich eines altägyptischen Gottes, SDAIK 33, Berlin/New York 2010, 25). Again, the closest parallels can be found in the time of Seti I, in his temple at Qurna (Rummel, op. cit., 277-280, cat. no. 30-32, Pl. 11-13); in most cases during the early Ramesside Period, the priest grasps one of the paws with his left hand, which is not shown here.


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6) Limestone block with the depiction of a female figure with menat (S12/40): Pl. 9 b Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 25 cm, Width 29.5 cm, Thickness 10 cm Description: Sunk relief. In the middle of the block, a depiction of a standing female figure wearing a narrow skirt and a loose gown, which is visible on her back. She is only slightly stepping out and looking right, while the upper part of her body and her feet are missing. A single vertical line and a broad band behind her close the scene to the left. In front of her, the lower part of a large collar or menat hangs down, which she presumably was holding with one of her bent arms. In the thickness of the curved lines of the collar, traces of red color are still preserved. In the middle of the block, some Coptic letters (?) are incised.

Fig. 10: S12/40 (Drawing: S. Sameh).

7) Basalt fragment of a cow statue with the depiction of a canid (S12/43): Pl. 10 a-b Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Material: Basalt probably from Gebel ed-Ter, 25 km north of Minia (cf. D. Klemm/R. Klemm, Stones and Quarries in Ancient Egypt, London 2008, 319: „extremely fine-grained matrix and their equally fine-grained phenocrysts.“). Heigth 21 cm, Width 14.5 cm, Thickness 7.5 cm Description: Fragment of a high relief statue of a standing cow whose back legs are standing side by side, what is unusual, but rare (cf. Paris Louve E 26023: Chr. Barbotin, Les statues égyptiennes du Nouvel Empire. Statues royales et divines I: Planches, Paris 2007, 245, Fig. 4, cat. no. 87; Cairo Egyptian Museum JE 38574-5: C. L. Ragghianti (ed.), Berühmte Museen. Ägyptisches Museum Kairo, Verona 1978, 90f.). On the left, at the backside of the animal, the tail is carved as hanging between the legs. Under the belly of the cow, a canid, of which only one leg and the tail are visible, is incised on the flat space between the legs of the cow. For a possible reconstruction, see Fig. 7, but of course questions remain unanswered, such as if the heads of the animals are looking straight ahead or turned, if the canid is perhaps suckling, which form the horns have or if other elements like feathers, crowns, collars, etc. were added. The combination of a canid and a cow in a depiction is, as far as I know, unique. 21 Wepwawet and also Anubis have connections with mother goddesses, as several examples 21 Outside Asyut and in texts, Hesat is called mother of Anubis in the Pyramid Texts, cf. T. DuQuesne, The Jackal Divinities of Egypt I, London 2005, §451 and p. 547. In the Ptolemaic pJumilhac IV, 18 (cf. LGG V, 482) Hesat is still “mother of Anubis”, and in a Ptolemaic text at Athribis (Chr. Leitz/D. Mendel/Y. El-Masry, Der Tempel Ptolemaios‘ XII. Die Inschriften und Reliefs der Opfersäle, des Umgangs und der Sanktuarräume, Athribis II.1, Cairo 2010, XXVII: text D1; thanks to D. Budde), Anubis is called “son of Hesat, who came out of the wonderful cow”.

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from Asyut can demonstrate: Wepwawet is called “son of Isis” on stelae from the Salakhana Trove (CM 539 “son of Aset”, and CM 062 “son of Aset, beloved of Maat”). Further documents show the same epithet connected with Wepwawet (Chr. Leitz et al., LGG VI, OLA 115, 70 [10]: sA As.t „vielleicht Bezeichnung des Upuaut“: Türstürze Leiden KI.9 und Wien 90: KRI I, 359, 15-16).

Fig. 11: Fragment with the animals’ legs and tails and a possible reconstruction. Measurements of the reconstructed cow: height from bottom to end of horns ca. 81 cm, width 84 cm (Drawing: A. Kilian).

The wonderful statue of the granary chief Siese III from Asyut (New York, MMA 17.2.5)22 shows the jackal-headed Wepwawet and Isis-Hathor as a woman with horns. The inscription calls the king (KRI III, 151f.): “Ramesses II beloved by Wepwawet, Lord of Tadjeser, Aset, the divine mother, and Hathor, Lady of Medjeden, Lady of Heaven, Lady of the Two Lands.” T. DuQuesne states, “At Asyut, Upwawet’s consort, who perhaps alternates as his mother, is Hathor of Medjed” 23. He also refers to parallels with Hathor and Anubis at Gebelein and underlines that Hathor was “a powerful protectress of the gebel beyond the city limits”24. 8) Limestone fragment with painted relief (S12/14): Pl. 10 c Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) 22

Cf. the bibliography, photo and hieroglyphs in T. DuQuesne, in: B. Rothöhler/A. Manisali (eds.), Mythos & Ritual, Fs J. Assmann, Münster 2008, 2-3. Add H. Wild, Note concernant des antiquités trouvées, non à Deir Dronka, mais dans la nécropole d’Assiout, in: BIFAO 69, 1971, 307-9. 23 T. DuQuesne, op.cit., 7. 24 T. DuQuesne, op.cit., 24 and 25.

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Height 14 cm, Width 20 cm, Thickness 6 cm Description: Sunk relief. In the upper right corner, the feathers of a flying bird, presumably a falcon or vulture, which are painted in dark yellow. In the middle, parts of a column of hieroglyphs, read from left to right. The lines are painted yellow.

Fig. 12: S12/14 (Drawing: A. Kilian)

/// jr n (?) /// or: jr[.t] n /// made by/for /// Alternatively, the eye could be read as determinative of mAA “to see” or similar words. 9) Fragment of a stela with Osiris and a goddess (S12/52): Pl. 11 a Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Material: Limestone Height 14.5 cm, Width 15 cm, Thickness 6.5 cm Description: Upper right part of the lunette of a stela, the edge is marked with a carved line. Head of a male figure with white crown and Heb-Sed dress (?), behind him a standing female figure with a long tripartite wig wearing a broad collar and narrow dress, who embraces him and puts her bent arm on his shoulder.


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10) Fragment of a relief with a seated man (S12/12; SCA Reg. 244): Pl. 11 b Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 11 cm, Width 12 cm, Thickness 3 cm Description: Sunk relief. Depiction of a man looking right with a waveless tapering wig (“angled shoulder-length bob”, cf. G.J. Tassie, Hairstyles represented on the Salakhana stelae, in: T. DuQuesne, The Salakhana Trove: votive stelae and other objects from Asyut, 487ff.). The bent arm is holding a scepter which is directed diagonally up towards the right. Behind his shoulder, a small hand is protecting him that perhaps belongs to a goddess. In front of the face, two or three columns of hieroglyphs are incised with border lines in between, presumably read from right to left.


x+1) /// tr. x+2) /// n nb tA.wy x+3) /// tr. x+1) /// ? x+2) /// of the Lord of the Two Lands x+3) /// ? A parallel can be found in the group statue of Iuny and Renenutet from Asyut dating into the beginning of the Nineteenth Dynasty (MMA 15.2.1). The wig and the scepter are similar and within the epithets we find: Hsy aA n nb tA.wy “the great favored one of the Lord of the Two Lands”. Other parallels of the hairdress, dating the fragment into the Nineteenth Dynasty, can be found in: G. J. Tassie, in: T. DuQuesne, Salakhana Trove, 487.

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11) Fragment of a stela with a goddess and the emblem of Hathor (S12/15, SCA Reg. 241): Pl. 12 a Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Material: Limestone Height 18.5 cm, Width 14.5 cm, Thickness 3.5 cm Description: Fragment from the left part of a stela. A female figure wearing a large wig reaching to her waist (“enveloping gala style”, cf. Tassie, in: T. DuQuesne, Salakhana Trove, 474ff.) is standing with her arms hanging downwards and looking right. The carved lines of her belly and her backside refer to a narrow long dress. Behind her, a standard or pillar is bearing a frontal face of Hathor on a semicircular stand which touches the left vertical border line of the scene.


Cf. the stela CM192 (T. DuQuesne, Salakhana Trove, 303f.), where such a standard is depicted behind the goddess at the left end in the upper register. DuQuesne does not mention the standard, because there the head is missing. Here, the head of Hathor shows rolled curls on both sides of the neck (“Hathor bouffant style”, cf. T. DuQuesne, Salakhana Trove, 308 (CM 260) and 479). For a parallel cf. also T. DuQuesne, Salakhana Trove, Color Plate 4: CM200. 12) Fragment of an object with Hathor emblem (S12/st1430): Pl. 12 b Provenance: J14 findspot 4 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 5.5 cm, Width 8.4 cm, Thickness 2.5 cm Description: Lower part of a limestone object with a raised relief of the emblem of Hathor: the short stave is standing on a post, the curls are hanging on the sides of the neck, while the front of Hathor’s face is lost.

Fig. 16: S12/st1430 (Drawing: A. Kilian).

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13) Fragment of a stela for Hathor (?) (S12/49): Pl. 13 a Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Material: Limestone Height 8.7 cm, Width 9.4 cm, Thickness 3.2 cm Description: Fragment from the middle part of the left half of a stela; lower legs and feet of a female figure wearing a long narrow dress are standing on the ground line.


Behind the figure is a column of hieroglyphs, read from right to left: x+1) /// [nb.t] p.t Hnw.t tA.wy x+1) /// [lady] of heaven, mistress of the Two Lands Below the ground line, beginnings of three columns, to read from left to right: 1) jAw /// 2) Dj=j /// 3) sanx /// 1) Adoration /// 2) I give/let /// 3) make live /// Cf. the often combined epithets “Hathor, lady of Medjed, lady of heaven, mistress of the Two Lands” in the Salakhana stelae (T. DuQuesne, Salakhana Trove, CM078, CM114 und CP1), and also in Thebes (T. DuQuesne, in: Rothöhler/Manisali (eds.), Mythos & Ritual, 17: Stela Torino 50039).

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14) Fragment of a stela of the “great of the music band” (S12/50): Pl. 13 b Provenance: Mountain plateau on top of Gebel Asyut al-gharbi, K13 findspot 3 (cf. Fig. 26) Height 14.3 cm, Width 9.9 cm, Thickness 3.9 cm Description: Sunk relief, upper right part of the lunette of a stela, the edge is marked with a carved line; two columns of hieroglyphs with border lines to read from left to right. The sign of the water line is written as a straight line with small strokes at the end.


x+1) n kA n wr(.t?) xnr.wt n (A)s.t (?) /// x+2) n Wp-wA.wt /// x+1) For the Ka of the great of the music band of Isis /// x+2) of Wepwawet /// For the title see S. L. Onstine, The Role of the Chantress in Ancient Egypt, BAR 1401, 2001, chart 5, where many wr.t xnr.t are mentioned, but not “of Isis”. Cf. also R. Hannig, Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptisch-Deutsch (Marburger Ed.), 218 {7835+7836}. For the close connection of Isis and Hathor in Asyut cf. T. DuQuesne, in: Rothöhler/Manisali (eds.), Mythos & Ritual, 1-3 and 23.

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Perspectives In the search for temples, which could have existed on the mountain, we should have a look at the graffiti left by visitors in Tomb N13.1, which is located in the upper terrace of the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi. Besides the temple of the venerated Djefai-Hapi (cited in ten graffiti)25, the “beautiful temple of Hathor, lady of Medjeden” is mostly mentioned by the scribes (nine graffiti) and one hieroglyphic texts speaks about “the gods existing in Medjeden” (nTr.w jmj.w MDdn; TW23). The exact position of Medjeden (Medjedni/Medjed) is still unknown, perhaps it could be located directly south of the necropolis. 26 We know several Hathor temples in wadis throughout Egypt, but also on top of mountains, like at Gebelein or Serabit el-Khadim. The “nice temple of Hathor” must either have been visible from Tomb N13.1 or Tomb N13.1 must have been a station on the way to or from this temple. Other temples, which must have existed in the necropolis area or nearby, are the “temple of Osiris, lord of Ta-djeser and the temple of Anubis, lord of Ra-qereret”, which, for example, are named in graffito TS25, while an offering formula invokes also “Osiris, lord of Ta-ankh” (TN39).27 Ra-qereret is the name of the entire necropolis of Asyut, while Ta-anch seems to be the so-called tomb of Osiris within it. 28 The cultic landscape of the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi in the New Kingdom can only be reassembled from jigsaw pieces for now. U. V. Late Roman Pottery from Gebel Asyut al-Gharbi This report presents the preliminary results of the work on a Late Roman pottery assemblage found near the entrance to Tomb M12.3 at Gebel Asyut al-gharbi in 2012. The assemblage is one of a pair of similar collections. The material weighs over 1.5 tons. The most common vessel form was the Late Roman 7 amphora. The reported material includes selected types of pottery dated to fourth to tenth century. Introduction During this first season of the project “Late Roman pottery from the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi” the work was concentrated on a deposit found in front of the rediscovered tomb M12.3 (Newberry Tomb 1/Tomb 8) 29 located above and northwest of Tomb V (Khety I, M11.1) (Fig. 19). The archeological work focused on cleaning the entrance to the tomb where two rubble heaps had been found (Fig. 20a).30 Rubble heap no. 2 (to the right of the tomb entrance), with large quantities of pottery sherds visible on its surface (Fig. 20b), was 25

Cf. J. Kahl, in: SAK 41, 2012, 168-170. F. Gomaà, Die Besiedlung Ägyptens während des Mittleren Reichs I, TAVO Bh. B, 66/1, Wiesbaden 1986, 276 proposed the identification of this place with the village al-Mād (also al-Masāyid), south of the city of Asyut, cf. J. Kahl, Ancient Asyut, Wiesbaden 2007, 51f.; T. DuQuesne, in: B. Rothöhler/A. Manisali (eds.), Mythos & Ritual, Fs J. Assmann zum 70. Geb., Münster 2008, 1-26 stated that Hathor of Medjed is known since the 11th dynasty, and during the 18th-19th dynasty scribes, wab priests, a chief ritualist and singers of “Hathor, lady of Medjed” are attested (p. 22f.). 27 Cf. U. Verhoeven, The New Kingdom Graffiti in Tomb N13.1: An Overview, in: J. Kahl et al., Seven Seasons at Asyut, The Asyut Project 2, Wiesbaden 2012, 54. 28 Gomaà, Besiedlung, 270 and 274. 29 Cf. the contribution by Kahl/Abdelrahiem/El-Khadragy on Tomb M12.3 in this article. 30 The archeological work was supervised by Rudaina Bayoumi Hasan, Mohamed Helmi and Josephine Malur. 26

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studied this season. A closer inspection of the heap revealed a rich layer of pottery, which was clearly visible from the western side of the heap (Fig. 21). Its continuation might be visible in rubble heap no. 1 to the left of the tomb entrance (cf. Fig. 20a), but this still needs to be determined by further examination. The pottery material presented below originates from rubble heap no. 2 (Deposit 2). This is a preliminary analysis, aimed at establishing an initial typology of forms in this deposit. The pottery constituting one assemblage (context S.12/st601) is, however, not stratified and can therefore only be dated by employing analogies from various other places in Egypt: Marea, Alexandria and Kellia in the Nile Delta, Karanis in the Fayoum region, El-Ashmunein in Middle Egypt, and Esna and Elephantine in Upper Egypt. Pottery Deposit 2 The material was not in situ and its place of discovery suggests that it had fallen down from the mountain plateau Kôm el-Shuqafa. The pottery is mixed and comes from various periods, including Old Kingdom fragments. A lot of the material is difficult to date precisely, because many of the forms remained in use for long periods of time. The ceramics are fragmentarily preserved; no complete vessels have remained intact. In a few cases large fragments have complete profiles, which enabled the reconstruction of whole shapes. In most cases Egyptian vessels were made of Nile clays, with a few fragments of Aswan Fine Ware and “local” Egyptian Red Slip Ware. Since a full identification and classification of clays is still ongoing, the temporary term “Fine Ware” is used to define both.

Fig. 19. Plan of the inspected area

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Fig. 20a: Rubble heaps in front of Tomb M12.3.

Fig. 20b: Pottery sherds from rubble heap no. 2.

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The whole pottery assemblage from Deposit 2 amounts to approximately 1.506 kg. Amphorae, being the most numerous type of pottery, account for about 1.200 kg; the majority of the amphorae can be assigned to the Egyptian Late Roman 7 (LR7) type. 31 The diagram below (Diagram 1) presents preliminary statistics of the pottery from Deposit 2. Below, selected forms from Deposit 2 will be presented in short.

Fig. 21. Layer with pottery sherds. qadawis; 1,5 jars; 15 bowls; 13

others; 31,5 non identified; 100

cooking pots; 13 pharaonic and imports; 65

LR7; 1267

Diagram 1. Preliminary statistic of pottery from Deposit 2 (in kilograms). 31

J. Riley, The pottery from the cisterns 1977.1, 1977.2 and 1977.3, in: J. Humphrey (ed.), Excavations at Carthage 1977, Tunis 1981, 85-124.

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Late Roman 7 Amphorae (Fig. 22: 1-2) This is the group of vessels with the largest quantity in the deposit; about 623 kg of fragments bear evidence of resin inside the vessels, 488 kg lack it. The material included also 80 kg of amphorae handles and 76 kg of amphorae toes. This type of amphorae is a local, middle-Egyptian product, generally dated to fourth to tenth century CE.32 It is morphologically quite diversified, and therefore has been divided into many subtypes. Amphorae with rounded shoulders were common from the fifth to the eighth century CE,33 while those with angular shoulders were popular in the eighth to ninth centuries CE.34 Examples from Ashmunein are dated to fourth to eighth century CE, 35 in Kellia there are examples dated to sixth to seventh century,36 those from Esna to seventh to eighth century,37 and from Marea, to eighth to ninth century CE.38 Probably both types of amphorae, the ones with rounded and the ones with angular shoulders, have been found in Deposit 2. Detailed characteristics will be possible after finishing the work on this material in the course of the next seasons. ASL 319 Rim and neck with handle Technique: wheel-made Surface color: outside – 7.5 YR 4/6 (strong brown); inside – 7.5 YR 5/4 (brown)39 Rim diam.: 6 cm Firing: reduced State of preservation: rim – 50% Hardness: 3 ASL 299 Lower part of amphora with toe Technique: wheel-made Surface color: outside – 5 YR 4/6 (yellowish-red); inside – 5 YR 6/4 (reddish-brown) Firing: reduced State of preservation: toe – 100% Hardness: 4 Qadawis Pots (Fig. 22: 3) There were only a few examples of this type in the deposit. Usually qadawis pots are regarded as parts of the saqiya, an animal-driven wheel used for pumping up water. On the gebel of Asyut, neither are there traces of a saqiya, nor could there have been a possibility 32

D. Dixneuf, Amphores égyptiennes. Production, typologie, contenu et diffusion (IIIe siecle avant J.-C. – IXe siecle après J.-C.), Centre d’Études Alexandrines 2011, 154. 33 Dixneuf, op. cit., 154, 163-164,166, 366, 368, Figs. 152, 157. 34 Dixneuf, op. cit., 154, 166, 168. 35 D. M. Bailey, Excavations at El-Ashmunein V. Pottery, Lamps and Glass of the Late Roman and Early Arab Periods, London 1998, 129-136, Pls. 79-84. 36 P. Ballet/N. Bosson/M. Rassart-Debergh, Kellia. L’ermitage copte QR 195. La céramique, les inscriptions, les décors, FIFAO 49, Cairo 2003, 138, Pl. 16. 37 H. Jacquet-Gordon, Les Ermitages chrétiens du désert d’Esna III. Céramique et objects, FIFAO 29,3, Cairo 1972, 89, Pl. CXC. 38 H. Szymańska/K. Babraj, Byzantine Marea, excavations in 2000-2003 and 2006, Marea 1, Krakow 2008, 118 cat. no. 84, Fig. 43. 39 Colors description in whole article, Munsell, Soil Color Charts, Edition 1975.

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of using one, so these vessels must have been used in a different capacity. In the Esna Ermitage, qadawis were found in a kitchen and probably contained grain. 40 The Asyut examples were probably also used as such containers. The dating of these pots is a disputable issue because there is insufficient evidence of this vessel type in Egypt. D. Bailey, in his publication, dated them to fourth to fifth century CE.41 ASL 359 Lower part of vessel Technique: wheel-made Surface wet-smoothed Surface color: 5 YR 5/6 (yellowish-red) Firing: reduced State of preservation: toe – 100% Hardness: 4 Cooking Pots (Fig. 23: 1-3) This is a small group of vessels, with only 13 kg recovered from the deposit. Forms of cooking pots were very long-lived. They are thin-walled, often covered with a thin slip on the outside and occasionally on the inside of the rim. The outside was sometimes decorated prior to firing with painted white or yellowish spots, dots or wavy lines (Fig. 23: 2). As it is to be expected, the outer surface of the pots is often sooted, either just around the bottom, or all over the vessel’s outer wall. Some vessels preserved horizontal handles (Fig. 23: 1). This type of vessel remained in use from the fourth to ninth century CE. 42 Parallels to the decoration on jar ASL 336 can be found on jars dated to fifth to sixth century CE from Elephantine. 43 The vessel ASL 350 has horizontal handles. Similar examples from inconclusive contexts were found in Kellia and could not be dated precisely. 44 Object ASL 327 (Fig. 23: 3) may have been a cooking pot as well. The vessel had been overfired and discarded as waste. A few more such vessels (not presented here) have been found in Deposit 2. ASL 350 Rim and body fragment with horizontal handle Technique: wheel-made Surface treatment: a thin slip barely visible on the external surface except for the rim, the outside sooted Surface color: outside and inside – 5 YR 4/4 (reddish-brown), slip – 10 R 4/4 (weak red) Rim diam. = 19 cm Firing: reduced

40

Jacquet-Gordon, op. cit., 7, Pl. CCXXVIII. Bailey, op. cit., 75-76, Pls. 46-48. 42 Bailey, op. cit., 59-60. 43 R. D. Gempeler, Elephantine X. Die Keramik römischer bis früharabischer Zeit, AV 43, Mainz 1992, 160, Fig. 92:15 form K 342. 44 P. Ballet/N. Bosson/M. Rassart-Debergh, op. cit., 118, 127 vessel no. 78. 41

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State of preservation: rim – 12% Hardness: 4 ASL 336 Rim and body fragment Technique: wheel-made Surface treatment: thin layer of slip hardly visible on the surface due to sooting. Surface color: outside – 5 YR 4/6 (yellowish-red), slip – 2.5 YR 3/4 (reddish-brown); inside – 5 YR 4/4 (reddish-brown) Rim diam. = 22 cm Firing: reduced State of preservation: rim – 25% Hardness: 4 Decoration: white dots on the upper part of body, directly below the rim ASL 327 Deformed and overfired rim and body fragment Technique: wheel-made Surface color: outside and inside – 5 YR 4/1 (dark gray) Rim diam. = 18 cm Firing: reduced State of preservation: rim – 5% Hardness: 3 Jars (Fig. 23: 4-5) This group comprises vessels of fairly diverse shapes, sizes and decoration. They are not large in number, with only several examples in the assemblage and some potsherds are too fragmented to be recognizable. Fragments ASL 304 and ASL 328 are lower parts of vessels with painted decoration in the form of horizontal bands near the foot. This kind of decoration is known from jars, juglets and bottles. Examples have been reported from Ashmunein, 45 other parallels come from Esna 46 and Karanis.47 To deduce the dating of the examples from Asyut is difficult due to their state of preservation. Neither the shapes nor the complete decoration were reconstructable. The sherds may be fragments of bottles or jugs, while the bands may be only a part of a larger decoration extending on the whole vessel. A more precise identification and detailed characteristic of the forms will be possible during the next seasons. ASL 304 Lower part of body and base 45

Bailey, op. cit., 95, Pl. 58: L12 with black-painted band close to the bottom, dated to eighth to tenth century CE. 46 Jacquet-Gordon, op. cit., 49-54, 60, 89; G6: CCXXIII; N17: PL. CCXXVI bottles and jars dated to sixth to eighth century CE. Jar G6 from Ermitage 7 and bottle N17 from Ermitage 5 have decoration all over their surface, featuring also painted bands close to the bottom. 47 B. Johnson, Pottery from Karanis, Michigan 1981, pp. 3-4, 6, 33, 111 Pl. 13 form 107, is a crater with bands painted around the bottom of the vessel, including its foot. This example is dated to fourth to mid-fifth century CE.

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Technique: wheel-made Surface color: outside – 5 YR 4/4 (reddish-brown), slip 10 R 5/8 (red); inside – 10 R 4/3 (weak red) Base diam. = 8.8 cm Firing: oxide State of preservation: base – 100% Hardness: 4 Decoration: painted black band 10R 3/1 (dark reddish-gray) near the foot ASL 328: Lower part of body and base Technique: wheel-made Surface color: outside – 5 YR 4/6 (yellowish-red), slip 5 YR 8/4 (pink); inside – 5 YR 5/8 (yellowish-red) Base diam. = 14 cm Firing: partly reduced, partly oxidized State of preservation: base – 37% Hardness: 4 Decoration: painted bands: orange 5 YR 6/8 (reddish-yellow) and black 10 R 4/6 (red) near the foot Bowls (Fig. 24) It is a small group of vessels, containing only 13 kg of sherds, same as the cooking pots. Objects ASL 352 and ASL 357 (Fig. 24: 1-2) are fragments of large, thick-walled bowls, with rim diameters exceeding 30 cm. ASL 352 is a bowl with rounded shape and everted rim. ASL 357 has flaring walls and an everted rim. Both examples have red slip on both surfaces and cord impressions, i.e. traces of a string with which the vessels were tied round to protect them from deformation in the process of drying, visible on the outside. Other examples similar to ASL 352 (not presented here) have painted decoration on the internal surface. In Ashmunein, forms similar to ASL 357 are dated to seventh to eighth century CE.48 Such bowls found in Alexandria, also date to seventh to eighth century CE. 49 Parallels to bowl ASL 352, coming from Ashmunein are dated to fifth to eighth century CE. 50 The vessels ASL 308 and ASL 306 (Fig. 24: 3-4) are carinated bowls with rim diameters of over 25 cm. Their surface is covered with red slip and features painted decoration. Popular motifs included white and dark horizontal bands, horizontal wavy lines and dots. The decoration covered mainly the vessels’ external surface. In Ashmunein, similar examples are dated to fifth to ninth century CE,51 in Esna to sixth to eighth century,52 while in Kellia to seventh to eighth century CE.53 Examples similar to ASL 306, recorded on Elephantine, are dated to fifth to sixth century CE.54 48 49

98: 45.

Bailey, op. cit., 91, Pl. 55: K19 and K24. G. Majcherek, The late Roman ceramics from sector “G” (Alexandria 1986-1987), in: ET XVI (1992),

50

Bailey, op. cit., 101, Pl. 62: N 54. Bailey, op. cit., 91. 52 Jacquet-Gordon, op. cit., 3, 89 Pl. CCXXI: 11, they were found in different rooms, courtyards and kitchens. 53 Ballet/Bosson/Rassart-Debergh, op. cit., 99, Pl. 8.1-2 no 48. 54 Gempeler, op. cit., 110, Fig. 56: 3 form T 370. 51

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Detailed characteristics of the bowls’ shapes and decoration will be made in the course of further work on this material. ASL 352 Rim and body fragment Technique: wheel-made Surface treatment: thick layer of red slip outside and inside, three rows of cord impression in the middle of the body on the outside Surface color: outside and inside – 5 YR 3/4 (dark reddish-brown); slip outside – 2.5 YR 4/8 (red); slip inside – 10 R 4/8 (red) Rim diam. = 58 cm Firing: reduced State of preservation: rim – 11% Hardness: 3 ASL 357 Rim and body fragment Technique: wheel-made Surface treatment: thin layer of red slip outside and inside, five rows of cord impression in lower part of body on the external surface Surface color: outside and inside: – 5 YR 6/8 (reddish-yellow); slip outside – 2.5 YR 4/8 (red); slip inside – 2.5 YR 4/6 (red) Rim diam. = 36 cm Firing: reduced State of preservation: rim – 26% Hardness: 4 ASL 308 Rim and body fragment Technique: wheel-made Surface treatment: thick layer of slip outside and inside Surface color: outside – 5 YR 4/6 (yellowish-red), slip 2.5 YR 4/8 (red); inside – 5 YR 4/6 yellowish-red, slip – 2.5 YR 4/8 (red) Rim diam. = 46 cm Firing: oxide State of preservation: rim - 12% Hardness: 3 Decoration: painted; dark, wavy lines 10 R 2.5/2 (very dusky red) ASL 306 Rim and body fragment Technique: wheel-made Surface treatment: thin layer of slip outside and inside Surface color: outside – 5 YR 5/8 (yellowish-red), slip 2.5 YR 4/6 (red); inside – 5 YR 6/8 (reddish-yellow), slip – 2.5 YR 4/6 (red) Rim diam. = 26 cm Firing: reduced

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State of preservation: rim – 20% Hardness: 4 Decoration: painted; wavy lines painted in black 5 YR 3/1 (very dark gray) and white 7.5 YR 8/2 (pinkish-white) along with white dots Fine Ware Bowls (Fig. 25) As already mentioned above, the term “Fine Ware” is temporarily used at the preliminary stage of pottery analysis. Some examples from this group deserve individual presentation. Flanged cups, such as ASL 344, which often appeared with incised decoration below the rim, on the flange (Fig. 25: 1), were a common form in Egypt. In Hayes’ typology, they are classified as Egyptian Red Slip Ware type V, dated to sixth to seventh century CE. 55 Parallels from Ashmunein are dated to sixth to eighth century CE, 56 from Esna to fifth to eighth century CE,57 and those from Elephantine came from fifth to seventh century CE contexts.58 An analogy can also be found in Rodziewicz’s typology from Alexandria, i.e. form O 26 dated to third to fifth century CE. 59 The form of vessel ASL 329 (Fig. 25: 2) was derived from African Red Slip Ware, Hayes’ Form 91A.60 Imported examples were found with local imitations on Elephantine, where they are dated to fifth to sixth century CE. 61 In Ashmunein, similar examples are dated to sixth to eighth century CE 62 and in Karanis to fourth to mid-fifth century CE.63 In Rodziewicz’s typology from Alexandria this is form B 9c, dated to fifth to seventh century CE.64 Dish ASL 333, with roulette decoration on the rim and incised decoration on the external surface below it, probably derived from Hayes’ Form 76. 65 The lower part of the dish has not been preserved, but the bottom probably was decorated. In Alexandria, a similar form K 13 b is dated to fifth to seventh century CE.66 On Elephantine, similar examples, such as Form T 225, are dated to fifth to sixth century CE.67 Again, a detailed typological description of this group will be possible after processing the material in the course of the upcoming seasons. ASL 344 Complete profile Technique: wheel-made Surface color: slip outside – 5 YR 6/8 (reddish-yellow); slip inside – 2.5 YR 5/8 (red) Rim diam. = 10 cm Base diam. = 4.5 cm 55

J. W. Hayes, Late Roman Pottery, London 1972, 387-388, 391-392, Fig. 86:V. Bailey, op. cit., 22-23, Pl. 12 form C 354, C 355, C 360. 57 Jacquet-Gordon, op. cit., Pl. CCIV: form E22b. 58 Gempeler, op. cit., 96, Fig. 38: 6-8 Form T 323a. 59 M. Rodziewicz, La céramique romaine tardive d'Alexandrie, Alexandrie I, Varsovie 1976, 55-56, 58, Pl. 29: form O23. 60 Hayes, op. cit., 140-142. 61 Gempeler, op. cit., 41-42, Fig. 2:7, form 2; 94, Fig. 36: 10, 12, form 319. 62 Bailey, op. cit., 22-23, Pl. 12 forms C.351, C.352. 63 Johnson, op. cit., 1-2, 22, 108, Pl. 3:24, vessel 7143 of Egyptian Red Slip Ware. 64 Rodziewicz, op. cit., 31-34, 36, Pl. 4: B9c. 65 Hayes, op. cit., 122, 124. 66 Rodziewicz, op. cit., 50-52 Pl. 18: K13b. 67 Gempeler, op. cit., 72, Pl. 16: 5-8. 56

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Firing: oxide State of preservation: rim – 35%, base – 100% Hardness: 5 Decoration: roulette decoration on the flange, below the rim ASL 329 Rim and body fragment Technique: wheel-made Surface color: outside and inside – surface 2.5 YR 5/6 (red), slip 2.5 YR 4/8 (red) Rim diam. = 18 cm Firing: oxide State of preservation: rim – 13% Hardness: 5 ASL 333 Complete profile Technique: wheel-made Surface color: outside and inside – 10 R 5/6 (red); slip inside – 10 R 4/6 (red) Rim diam. = 30 cm Base diam. = 13 cm Firing: oxide State of preservation: rim – 28%, base – 25% Hardness: 3 Summary The examples of the pottery from Deposit 2 presented above can be very broadly dated (fourth to tenth century CE). This speaks for a long-lasting accumulation of the material in the deposit derived from a construction located above the tomb, higher up the mountain. The greater part of the assemblage is amphorae – a disposable type of vessel. This would tally with the reconstruction of the structure presumed to have been located above the tomb as a refuse dump from the neighboring monastery Deir el-Azzam. Moreover, the pottery fragments recovered from the deposit (deformed and overfired vessels) indicate that there was some kind of pottery production center on Kôm el-Shuqafa or in its immediate vicinity. Apart from the forms presented above, context S12/st601 also yielded a sizeable collection of other forms: trays, baking pots, stands, strainers, and different types of bowls. The examination of this material is planned for the forthcoming season. E. C.

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Fig. 22: 1-2 amphorae LR7A, 3 qadus.

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Fig. 23: 1-3 cooking pots, 4-5 jars with painted decoration.

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151

Fig. 24: 1-2 large bowls without decoration, 3-4 large carinated bowls with painted decoration.

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152 198


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Fig. 25: “Fine ware” bowls and dish.

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153

Fig. 26: Map of the Gebel Asyut al-gharbi (© The Asyut Project, Goerlich 2012).

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Tafel77 Tafel

Pl. 7 a: S12/39, limestone block with cartouche of Ramesses II (© The Asyut Project 2012).

Pl. 7 b: S12/19, limestone block with building inscription (© The Asyut Project 2012).

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Tafel Tafel88


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Pl. 8 a: S12/34, limestone block with a ritual scene before Osiris-Khontamenty (© The Asyut Project 2012).

Pl. 8 b: S12/18, limestone block with hieroglyphs (© The Asyut Project 2012).

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Tafel99 Tafel

Pl. 9 a: S12/33, limestone block with a priest with leopard skin (© The Asyut Project 2012).

Pl. 9 b: S12/40, limestone block with a female figure with menat (© The Asyut Project 2012).

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Pl. 10 a-b: S12/43, basalt fragment of a cow statue with the depiction of a canid (© The Asyut Project 2012).

Pl. 10 c: S12/14, limestone fragment with painted relief (© The Asyut Project 2012).

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Tafel11 11 Tafel

Pl. 11 a: S12/52, fragment of a stela with Osiris and a goddess (© The Asyut Project 2012).

Pl. 11 b: S12/12, fragment of a relief with a seated man (© The Asyut Project 2012).


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Pl. 12 a: S12/15, fragment of a stela with a goddess and the emblem of Hathor (© The Asyut Project 2012).

Pl. 12 b: S12/st1430, fragment of an object with the emblem of Hathor (© The Asyut Project 2012).


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Tafel Tafel13 7

Pl. 13 a: S12/49, fragment of a stela for Hathor (?) (© The Asyut Project 2012).

Pl. 13 b: S12/50, fragment of a stela of the “great of the music band” (© The Asyut Project 2012).


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Inhaltsverzeichnis

Abdelrahiem, Mohamed

The Festival Court of the Temple of Ramesses II at Abydos (Part II) (Taf. 1-5) .........

1-14

Altenmüller, Hartwig Anubis mit der Scheibe im Mythos von der Geburt des Gottkönigs (Taf. 6) ...............

15-35

Baumann, Stefan Der saisonale Aspekt der Ressortgötter in der Opfereingangskammer von Edfu ........

37-57

Fitzenreiter, Martin Zeit und Raum (und Licht) – Wahrnehmung und deren Konstruktion im pharaonischen Ägypten (Notizen zum Grab des Pennut Teil VI ½ ) ............................

59-82

Helmbold-Doyé, Jana Kronen in der Bilderwelt der Ptolemäer- und Römerzeit. Die Kronenfelder in den Gräbern 1 und 2 von Anfouchy (Alexandria) ........................ 83-121 Kahl, Jochem / El-Khadragy, Mahmoud / Verhoeven,Ursula / Abdelrahiem, Mohamed / Czyżewska, Ewa The Asyut Project: Tenth Season of Fieldwork (2012) (Taf. 7-13) ............................. 123-153 Klotz, David A Theban Devotee of Seth from the Late Period – Now Missing. Ex-Hannover, Museum August Kestner Inv. S. 0366 (Taf. 14-17) .............................. 155-180 Konrad, Kirsten Ein weiterer Basinophor. Zur Deutung der Sitzstatue eines Schreibers namens Eje (ʼIjj) (Taf. 18-22) ............... 181-192 Kupreyev, Maxim Questions of time in Late Egyptian. A missing category? ........................................... 193-203 Lapp, Günther Ein ungewöhnlicher Osirishymnus aus der Übergangszeit von Sargtexten zum Totenbuch .................................................................................... 205-219 Metawi, Dina A Possible Father-Daughter Marriage in the New Kingdom (Cairo Museum N 129) (Taf. 23) .................................................................................. 221-232

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VI VI

Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis

SAK42 42(2013) (2013) SAK

Moje, Jan Die hieroglyphisch/demotische Stele Louvre E 13074: Synoptische Untersuchung der bilinguen Inschriften (Taf. 24-25) .............................. 233-249 Morenz, Ludwig D. Schrift-Archäologie. Eine Fallstudie zur Grabfassade des Har-chuf ............................ 251-267 Ragazzoli, Chloé C.D. The social creation of a scribal place. The visitors’ inscriptions in the tomb attributed to Antefiqer (TT 60) (With newly recorded graffiti) (Taf. 26-27) ............... 269-323 Tarasenko, Mykola Development of illustrative tradition of the chapter 42 of the Book of the Dead ........ 325-348 El-Tonssy, Mohamed A. Some Unpublished Monuments from Atfih Necropolis (Taf. 28-31) .......................... 349-356 Uljas, Sami A Traitor or a Thief? Teti Son of Minhetep’s Crime Once Again ............................... 357-364 Waitkus, Wolfgang Das Herabkommen des Sternbildes Mcxtjw (Großer Wagen) als eine Periphrase für den Abendbeginn in einem problematischen Festdatum ........................................ 365-371

Anschriften der Autorinnen und Autoren ..................................................................... 373-374 Tafel 1-31

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