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Figure S2 Mass spectra of a control sample (left) and a sample containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid marked with a red arrow (right).
Supplementary material

Figure S1 Conceptual model of an in situ BES with the anode constructed as a permeable reactive barrier.

S1

Figure S2 Mass spectra of a control sample (left) and a sample containing 4-hydroxybenzoic acid marked with a red arrow (right).

S2

Figure S3 Mass spectra of a control sample (left) and a sample containing 4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzoic acid marked with a red arrow (right).

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700

2.0

Voltage [mV]

1.6

500

1.4

400

1.2 1.0

300

0.8

200

0.6 0.4

100

polarization curve power curve

Power density [mW/m2]

1.8

600

0.2

0

0.0 0

5

10

15

20

Current density [mA/m2] Figure S4 Polarization and power curve for CC-MFC.

Figure S5 SEM images of biofilm on the carbon cloth electrode in (A) CC-MFC and (B) SE+CC-MFC.

S4

Figure S6 Conceptual model of processes occurring in CC-MFCs containing groundwater contaminated by phenolic compounds.

Table S1 Stoichiometry of phenol fermentation to acetate and acetate respiration using different electron acceptors. Chemical reaction with acetate

Stoichiometry

Phenol fermentation to acetate

C6H6O + 5 H2O → 3 CH3COOH + 2 H2

Aerobic degradation

CH3COOH + 2 O2 → 2 CO2 + 2 H2O

Denitrification

5 CH3COOH + 8 NO3- + 8 H+ → 4 N2 + 10 CO2 + 14 H2O

Iron reduction

CH3COOH + 8 FeOOH + 16 H+ → 8 Fe2+ + 2 CO2 + 14 H2O

Electrode reduction

CH3COOH + 2 H2O → 2 CO2 + 8 H+ + 8 e-

Sulfate reduction

CH3COOH + SO42- → S2- + 2 CO2 + 2 H2O

S5