Supporting Information Coaxial thermoplastic elastomer-wrapped carbon nanotube fibers for deformable and wearable strain sensors Jian Zhou,∗ Xuezhu Xu, Yangyang Xin, and Gilles Lubineau∗ E-mail:
[email protected];
[email protected]
This PDF file includes: 1. Sample information 2. Additional characterization based on coaxial fibers 3. Literature review of the performance of fiber-based sensors Figure S1-S5, Table S1
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Figure S1. Effect of acetone to TPE. (a) 20 wt% of TPE is able to dissolve in DCM in 10 min, while by mixing 20 wt% of TPE in acetone for 2 h, it become white suspension and separated into two layers after 10 min. (b) Pure TPE fibers immersed in actone. (c)The fiber structure of TPE still remained after immersing in actone for 6 hours. (d) FTIR spectra of pure TPE fiber before and after immersing in acetone for 6 hour.
Figure S2. Monitoring the fiber morphology after acetone post-treatment. (a) PH monitoring showing that acid was removed after dipping the fiber in acetone for 30 min. (b) Optical images show that the dimension of the fiber reduced with increased acetone treatment time. (c) SEM image of the fiber after acetone treatment.
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Figure S3. Fiber pressing and electrode preparation. (a) The fiber was pressed by a glass slide. (b) After removing the glass slide, the fiber had a belt-like structure. (c) The fiber was cut to the desired length. (d) The fiber was attached to a paper frame and the fiber ends were cut to expose the SWCNTs. (e) Copper wires were connected the SWCNT-exposed area and covered with a silver paste. (f) The electrode area was protected with silver epoxy.
Figure S4. Load-strain curves of the coaxial fiber at a rate of 5 cm min−1 . (a) The first stretch from 0% to 500% strain. (b) Five loading and unloading cycles from 0% to 100% strain.
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Figure S5. SEM image of pure TPE fibers.
Table S1. Summary of strain-sensing properties based on previously reported nanomaterial-enabled stretchable conductors. Materials SWCNT wire in PDMS Liquid metal in thermoplastic tube Graphene-based composite fiber 3D-printed carbon grease wires in elastomer ZnO nanowires/polyurethane fibers Carbonized silk fabric/Ecoflex AgNP-AgNW/elastomer composite fiber P3HT/elastomer composite fiber PEDOT/PSS fiber a) initial resistance, b) electrical conductivity, and c) sheet resistance
Initial electrical properties (R0 ) R = 368 Ω or 10 kΩ σ = 3.3 ×104 Scm−1 σ = 1.5 ×10−3 Scm−1 R = 11 kΩ c) Rs = 140 Ω −1 σ =2450 Scm−1 σ =0.38 Scm−1 σ =360 Scm−1
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∆ R/R0 5 × 104 50 3 3 6 100 20 0.2 0.23
Maximum strain 15% 800% 200% 100% 150% 500% 100% 12.3% 13%
Gauge factor 105 6.25 0.06 3 4.1 37.5 20 1.6 1.8
Ref. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
References (1) Zhou, J.; Xu, X.; Hu, Y.; Lubineau, G. Nanoscale 2017, 9, 604–612. (2) Zhu, S.; So, J. H.; Mays, R.; Desai, S.; Barnes, W. R.; Pourdeyhimi, B.; Dickey, M. D. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2013, 23, 2308–2314. (3) Cheng, Y.; R., W.; J., S.; Gao, L. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 7365–7371. (4) Muth, J. T.; Vogt, D. M.; Truby, R. L.; Menguc, Y.; Kolesky, D. B.; Wood, R. J.; Lewis, J. A. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 6307–6312. (5) Liao, X. Q.; Liao, Q. L.; Zhang, Z.; Yan, X. Q.; Liang, Q. J.; Wang, Q. Y.; Li, M. H.; Zhang, Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 3074–3081. (6) Wang, C. Y.; Li, X.; Gao, E. L.; Jian, M. Q.; Xia, K. L.; Wang, Q.; Xu, Z. P.; Ren, T. L.; Zhang, Y. Y. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 6640–6648. (7) Lee, S.; Shin, S.; Lee, S.; Seo, J.; Lee, J.; Son, S.; Cho, H. J.; Algadi, H.; Al-Sayari, S.; Kim, D. E.; Lee, T. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2015, 25, 3114–3121. (8) Granero, A. J.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, K.; Razal, J. M.; Wallace, G. G.; Panhuis, M. I. H. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2011, 21, 955–962. (9) Zhou, J.; Li, E. Q.; Li, R.; Xu, X.; Aguilar Ventura, I.; Moussawi, A.; Anjum, D.; Hedhili, M. N.; Smilgies, D.; Lubineau, G.; Thoroddsen, S. T. J. Mater. Chem. C. 2015, 3, 2528– 2538.
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