Terry, R., Brown, G. & Olmstead, R. Examination of subfamilial phylogeny in ... Reeves, G., Chase, M.W., Goldblatt, P., Rudall, P., Fay, M.F., Cox, A.V., Lejeune, ...
Supplementary Figures
Supplementary Figure 1 A phylogenetic tree of the 1,752 angiosperm species included in our global database on breeding systems. Different colors represent orders according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III system.
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ro ss S o Ap St t a som hlo ap ch a ia Vo M hy y ur tac c e M ela P c h yr lea aceea ae st oen ys i t ac c ea aee m ae ac e e C o OnLy that aac e eaeae mb ag racce ae V M e iv re ra e ae c a i t l a Ge iant niaace eae e h c a Gr Sax rVania ac eeaee os ifra it c e ae su gaac a la c ea e H Ap P alor I teriac eeaee ha en ag ac ae n t a e D C ope hora ceaae C eaphn rass t alacceeaee iph ula ae H a rcidip ma hyyllllacceeae m a a A eli ce e Paelt ingdiaaceaae C yPneridisoniacceaee om ca ea M yro D illeoriacceeaee th nia ae T roc Gunanmnacceeae h erac ae e H aopdendra tanth c eaae Bux aaceaee ce Prote Plata aceaaee N elum nacea bonace e ae Sabiace Papa verace ae R anuncu ae laceae Be erida Menisrb ce ae perm acea Circaeas ter e ac eae Lardiz abalac eae Eupteleace ae Ceratophyllac eae Poac eae Ecdeiocoleaceae Joinvilleaceae Flagellariaceae
Cyrillaceae Ericaceae Stemonuraceae Cardiopteridace ae Phy llonomac eae Helwingiac eae Aquifoliac eae Adox aceae Capri fol iac ea Paracryp e hia Torrice lliaceceae Pitto orac ae Ara sp ce eae M lia docaae Apyo rp ia Bru c eae aceae C niac eae E olume a ce R sucallonlli ss eaiac eaaee C aom Pen panuceae tap lac Arg Als eophyhllragmeaae Sty u ac ta M lidiaosm ia eae ceae G eny c ea ceae C oo ant h e C alycdenia ace Vaompoeracec eaeae a I c hli s M ac inac e itae e O ett a ae G nc en cea E ar oth ius e Bouc ory aceec aac ea c e r m HM o agin m ae eae S yd ntin aciace C opheroleiac e eaeae a PSl olanvonoc lec eaae l o e v O n C le c o a ul ac T e arl ac espec ea aceaeae e e e GC a tra m ae rm a P e lc c a t Sc lans neeol honnnia ac e St ro t a ri ar dr c e ae T i a a i a g a l p Ve ho ba h in ce c e ce e rb ma ce ula aceae ae ae en n ae ria a ce e ac de ae ears i e ace ae
Clethraceae Sarraceniaceae Roridulaceae Actinidiaceae Diapensiaceae Styracaceae Symplocaceaee Theacea naceae ae Mitrastemo ulaceea e Primen Eb acceae Sapotaaceae phylac ac eae Penta ni ae de Slam oniace ceae Pole uieria ae F oucqyt hidace aee Le erist ace a m rav iace ae e g T etra M arc aminaiacc eaee bb ea Bals Gru is iacceae C uCrtornaac eaee a ge ran s ace ae H yd Loahyac eeaee tac lac a ros nt a iac e ae H yd SaOpilt hacceeaee an fia ea Lohr oepdracceaee Sc denla c aac eeaae o r e M is oOphos idacc eaae a lan op x ic ce ae Baberidex to et ularac eeaaee r d c Be A Bden rinadace eaaee o a n ac e e T ic su la ic c a C aJ ug M yr agagaceeaeae F f a ac c e e c a e tho tis nia ce ea e N o D aego elait accea aee B mb a ea e tracur arp riacc e ea e T eC u oc rialleahac cea yn o y t a or Coph an or C is od M An Ap
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Supplementary Figure 2 A phylogenetic tree of all angiosperm families. Families represented in our global database on breeding systems are depicted in red; families not represented in the database are depicted in blue.
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Supplementary Figure 3 Number of species from each continent, for which breeding system data was compiled in our global database on breeding systems. Light red indicates the smallest number of species (i.e. Africa) and dark red indicates the largest number of species (i.e. South America).
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Supplementary Figure 4 Procedure used for selection of studies for the compilation of our global database on breeding systems using Web of Science and other sources.
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Supplementary Figure 5 Direct and indirect effects of selfing ability on the global naturalization of alien plant species. Path analyses with one average selfing ability index per species. a, Effects of self-compatibility on naturalization incidence (expressed as being naturalized somewhere or not); n = 1115, no. parameters = 7, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.989, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.064, R2naturalization incidence=0.22. b, Effects of autofertility on naturalization incidence; n = 828, no. parameters = 7, CFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.079, R2naturalization incidence=0.27. c, Effects of self-compatibility on the extent of naturalization (number of regions where the species is naturalized); n = 274, no. parameters = 8, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, R2naturalization extent=0.13. d, Effects of autofertility on the extent of naturalization; n = 195, no. parameters = 8, CFI = 1.000, RMSEA = 0.000, R2naturalization extent=0.18. Indices were calculated using fruit set from our global breeding-system database. Sample sizes refer to the number of species. Curved dashed lines with two-headed arrows indicate bivariate correlations between variables; solid lines with one-headed arrow indicate directed paths connecting the variables. The thickness of each path is proportional to the value of the path coefficient. Only path coefficients that are significant (z-test, p < 0.05; black) and marginally significant (p < 0.1; grey) are shown.
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Supplementary Tables
Supplementary Table 1 Results of four non-phylogenetic logistic and linear regressions testing the global naturalization of alien species in relation to selfing ability (measured as self-compatibility and autofertility indices), native range size, annual/biennial vs. perennial life history, and the interaction between life history and selfing ability. Global naturalization was measured as naturalization incidence outside the native range (expressed as being naturalized somewhere or not) and naturalization extent (natural logtransformed number of regions where the species is naturalized). Native range size was measured as the number of TDWG level-2 regions. Self-compatibility and autofertility indices were calculated using fruit set from our global breeding-system database. Sample sizes refer to the total number of species from individual studies in the breeding-system database. aLogistic regressions. bLinear models. cVariables were rescaled to have a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one. dTotal explained variance by the variables in the model, and the relative importance of each variable calculated as the difference in deviance or sum of squares of residuals between the full model and a model without the variable of interest.
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Naturalization incidencea
Response variables Explanatory variables
Estimates
Analysis with self-compatibility Intercept
SE
z
Naturalization extentb p
n = 1181
R2d
Estimates
0.21
SE
t
p
n = 295
R2d 0.12
-1.222
0.077
-15.72
