Sustainable Agriculture Management in Chure Training Resource Book for Facilitators
WWF Nepal PO Box: 7660, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal T: +977 1 4434820, F: +977 1 4438458 Email:
[email protected] Website: www.wwfnepal.org
WWF Nepal Sustainable Land Management in the Chure Range, Nepal (GoN/GEF/WWF) Baluwatar, Kathmandu
Prepared and published by: Sustainable Land Management in the Chure Range, Nepal (GoN/GEF/WWF) - Project WWF Nepal PO Box: 7660 T: +977 1 4434820 Fax: +977 1 4438458 ©Copyright: 2016 SLMCRN Cover Photo: WWF Nepal, SLMCRN/Kamal Raj Rai Printed at: Ultimate Marketing +9771 4352223, 4385610 Lazimpat, Kathmandu
Sustainable Agriculture Management in Chure Training Resource Book for Facilitators
WWF Nepal Sustainable Land Management in the Chure Range, Nepal (GoN/GEF/WWF) Baluwatar, Kathmandu
Sustainable Agriculture Management in Chure Training Resource Book for Facilitators
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Acronyms CA
Conservation Agriculture
DADO
District Agriculture Development Office
DFO
District Forest Office
FYM
Farm Yard Manure
GHG
Greenhouse Gas
ICPM
Integrated Crop and Pest Management
IPM
Integrated Pest Management
LRMP
Land Resource Management Planning
MBRLC
Mindanao Baptist Rural Life Center
NFTS
Nitrogen-Fixing Trees and Shrubs
NTFP
Non-Timber Forest Product
SALT
Sloping Agriculture Land Technology
SLM
Sustainable Land Management
SOM
Soil Organic Matter
UNCCD
United Nation Convention to Combat Desertification
VDC
Village Development Committee
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Table of Contents Chapter 1: Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1.1 Nepal and its agriculture perspective with respect to Chure region .................................................................. 1.2 Key problems and issues concerning degradation of Chure ............................................................................. 1.3 Major farming practices in the Chure region .....................................................................................................
1 1 1 2
Chapter 2: Land Degradation ................................................................................................................................... 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Status of land degradation in Nepal .................................................................................................................. 2.3 Type of land degradation ................................................................................................................................... 2.4 Drivers of land degradation ............................................................................................................................... 2.5 Restoration of degraded land ............................................................................................................................
3 3 3 3 4 4
Chapter 3: Sustainable land management .............................................................................................................. 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 3.2 Aim of SLM ........................................................................................................................................................ 3.3 Importance of SLM practices in Chure region ................................................................................................... 3.4 Soil and Nutrient Management .......................................................................................................................... 3.4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3.4.2 What is nutrient management? ............................................................................................................ 3.5 Tillage and residue management ...................................................................................................................... 3.5.1 Residue Management ......................................................................................................................... 3.5.2 Tillage .................................................................................................................................................. 3.6 Integrated Pest Management ............................................................................................................................ 3.6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3.6.2 Goals of Integrated Pest Management ................................................................................................ 3.6.3 Effects of pests (pathogens, insects and weeds) on a farm ................................................................ 3.6.4 How to control pests and diseases ...................................................................................................... 3.6.5 Pest management principles ............................................................................................................... 3.6.6 Control Measures ................................................................................................................................ 3.6.7 How to develop a Pest Management Plan .......................................................................................... Advantage of IPM ....................................................................................................................................................... 3.7 Agroforestry ....................................................................................................................................................... 3.7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3.7.2 Benefit of agroforestry ......................................................................................................................... 3.7.3 Common agroforestry systems ........................................................................................................... Agrosilviculture (Planting trees along crops) ......................................................................................................... 3.7.4 Nursery and seed management .......................................................................................................... 3.8 Agronomic practices .......................................................................................................................................... 3.8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3.8.2 Improved crop varieties ....................................................................................................................... 3.8.3 Crop rotation ........................................................................................................................................ 3.8.4 Intercropping ....................................................................................................................................... 3.8.5 Relay cropping .................................................................................................................................... 3.8.6 Contour strip cropping .........................................................................................................................
7 7 7 8 8 8 8 12 12 12 14 14 14 15 15 15 17 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 22 23 23 23 24 25 26 26
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3.9
Integrated livestock management ..................................................................................................................... 3.9.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3.9.2 Common practices .............................................................................................................................. 3.9.3 Type of livestock production systems ................................................................................................. Conservation Agriculture ................................................................................................................................... 3.10.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3.10.2 Application of CA ................................................................................................................................. 3.10.3 Principles of CA ................................................................................................................................... 3.10.4 Benefits of CA ..................................................................................................................................... Sloping Agricultural Land Technology ............................................................................................................... 3.11.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3.11.2 Various Forms of SALT ....................................................................................................................... 3.11.3 Ten steps of SALT .............................................................................................................................. 3.11.4 Advantages of SALT farming .............................................................................................................. Soil and Water Conservation ............................................................................................................................ 3.12.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3.12.2 Soil conservation techniques .............................................................................................................. Rainwater harvesting ........................................................................................................................................ 3.13.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3.13.2 Principal Component of Rainwater harvesting .................................................................................... 3.13.3 Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting ........................................................................................................ Organic Agriculture ........................................................................................................................................... 3.14.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 3.14.2 Advantage of Organic Agriculture .......................................................................................................
27 27 27 27 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 30 30 35 35 35 36 38 38 39 41 41 41 42
Chapter 4: SLM as a response to climate change .................................................................................................. 4.1 Sustainable land management and Capacity of local communities .................................................................. 4.2 Sustainable land management and Climate change adaptation and mitigation ............................................... 4.3 Sustainable land management and Social and livelihood aspect .....................................................................
43 43 43 43
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
References ................................................................................................................................................................. 45
