Sustainable Communities Survey Report - Enea

The Project is co-funded by the European Union, Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance

Sustainable Communities Survey Report


Sustainable Communities Survey Report


D3.2 – SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES SURVEY REPORT

Disclaimer

This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the IPA Adriatic Cross-Border Cooperation Programme. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of ALTERENERGY PARTNERSHIP and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the IPA Adriatic Cross-Border Cooperation Programme Authorities.

Credits

Important contributions to the technical and scientific review of the document have been provided by Project Partner Molise Region (Italy) and by Dr. V.K. Sharma, Ing. Giacinto Cornacchia and Ing. Giacobbe Braccio from ENEA Trisaia Research Centre (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development).

This document has been authored by the ALTERENERGY partnership with the support of ARTI – the Regional Agency for Technology and Innovation of Puglia Region.

2 | D3.2 - Sustainable Communities Survey Report


Contents 01. 02. 03.

Executive Summary

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Introduction14 International Survey 16 3.1. Europe18 3.2. Russia, Middle-East And Africa 21 3.3. America23 3.4. Asia and Oceania 24

04. International Survey Forms

27 Auckland29 Baile Tusnad 31 Barnsley31 Craig32 Darby33 Dublin34 Emfuleni35 Guangzhou36 Guntur37 Krivodol38 Koprivnica39 London (BED ZED) 40 Mauenheim41 Middlebury42 Mostar43 Rizhao44 Seoul45 Singapore46 Stary Targ 47 Stockholm48 St. Ottilien 49 Taiz50 Thungsong51 Weyauwega52

D3.2 - Sustainable Communities Survey Report |

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05. Survey on Small Communities of Adriatic Area

53 Brda55 Caorle56 Čapljina57 COKA58 Divača59 Durres and western municipalities 60 Formigine61 Forni di Sopra 62 Giuliano Teatino 63 Igoumetitsa64 Ioannina66 Isernia67 Island of Brač 68 Island of Hvar 69 Ivanjica70 Kamza71 Kastav72 Kavaja73 Konavle74 Krk76 Labin77 Limena78 Livno79 Mali Lošinj 80 Maiolati Spontini 81 Minervino di Lecce 82 Nis - Crveni Krst 83 Novigrad84 Orsara di Puglia 85 Pargas86 Peglio87 Polverara88 Popoli89 Postojna90 Preveza91



San Giuliano di Puglia 92 San Lazzaro di Savena 93 Tinjan94 Tocco da Casauria 95 Trebinje96 Troia97 Valli del Pasubio 98 Verzegnis99


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Executive Summary

How technologies, solutions and good practices can be integrated and put at work in small communities in order to achieve a higher degree of energetic and environmental sustainability? An analysis of 24 examples of best practices implemented in cities of Africa, America, Asia, Europe, Middle-East and Russia and focused primarily on crucial issues concerned with the energy production, its consumption and distribution. A survey on 43 experience and success stories undertaken by communities in the ALTERENERGY partnership territories to promote integrate initiatives in the theme of sustainability, improve energy efficiency in the building, refurbishment of buildings, organized waste management, integrated energy planning appropriate for island, sustainable and integrated biodiesel production from energy crops, intelligent electricity distribution network through introduction of a smart grid, production of electrical energy through mini and micro plants.


Projections of total global energy consumption show that between 2004 and 2030, fossil fuels will provide the bulk of the increase, with nuclear and other sources providing relatively minor contributions in absolute terms. It is in this context that to meet ever increasing energy demand and resolve environmental concerned problems, policy maker and decision taking bodies, worldwide, have stepped up their efforts to reduce reliance on depleting fossil fuel sources through enhanced growth of power using renewable energy sources.

velopment for society. Many small to large projects dealing with some important topics such as energy efficiency, reduced energy consumption, promotion of the development and implementation of systems utilizing renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biomass, hydropower) and organic agriculture and farming, most appropriate for the socio-economic development, have either already been completed successfully or are in the implementation phase, in different countries of both developed and under developed world.

It is true that investments in clean energy have been growing steadily over the years but the fact remains that in spite of national and international efforts, forecasts do not show the global share of renewable energy increasing significantly. As world’s energy demand persists, there is an urgent need for the industry to take active steps to accelerate the progress of clean energy innovation to ensure its place as a viable alternative energy source. At the same time, governments need to look into sustainable policies that will integrate renewable energy into its infrastructure.

Based upon the results reported for 24 projects undertaken at the international level, it has been observed that some of these projects, with great scientific interest and of significant potential in the future, can certainly be replicated in small to medium sized cities of many other countries (see table below). For example, domestic water heating (India, China, many European countries) thermal rehabilitation - retrofitting of old buildings to improve energy performance and provide better environmental conditions (Germany), heating of school and college buildings through sustainable waste management using woodchip-burning boiler and biogas plants (US), installation of photovoltaic systems, are worth consideration.

Many local authorities worldwide have already begun to move toward long-term sustainable deInternational best practices survey Name of municipality

Main sector

Country

Auckland

Energy Efficiency

New Zeeland

Baile Tusnad

Energy efficiency and Renewable energy

Romania

Barnsley


United Kingdom

Craig

Renewable energy

USA

Darby

Renewable energy

USA

Dublin

Energy Efficiency

Ireland

Emfuleni

Energy efficiency and water management

South Africa

Guangzhou

Mobility

China

Guntur

Energy Efficiency

India

Krivodol

Energy Efficiency

Bulgaria



Name of municipality

Main sector

Country

Koprivnica


Croatia

London (BED ZED)

Urban planning

United Kingdom

Mauenheim


Germany

Middlebury

Renewable Energy

USA

Mostar

Energy efficiency

Bosnia & Herzegovina

Rizhao

Renewable energy

China

Seoul

CO2 reduction

Korea

Singapore

Water management

China

Stary Targ

Energy efficiency and renewable energy

Poland

Stockholm

Urban planning

Sweden

St. Ottilien

Energy efficiency

Germany

Taiz

Renewable energy

Jemen

Thungsong

Renewable energy

USA

Weyauwega

Renewable energy

USA

Also, there are numerous good practices realized in the Adriatic Area by communities with less 10.000 inhabitants. As shown in the following table, then have been observed 43 good practices, some of them having significant impacts on the socio-economic sustainable development of the areas. For example, interesting and replicable are the production of power for the national power grid and heat for the structures of the farm and for a district heating network in the Padua province (Veneto Region, Italy), the replacement of oil boilers with biomass boil-

ers and reconstruction of the boiler house in the elementary school “Mico Matovic” in Katici (Serbia), the biogas plant installed in Tinjan village, the use of innovative technologies (biological energy crops, biotechnological methods of producing biodiesel) while exploiting co-products produced and supporting environmental protection in the Epirus (Greece) and Apulia (Italy) and, finally, others interesting experiences regarding the construction of a building with low energy requirements and sourced by renewable sources, the development of innovative digital technologies, the installation of both solar thermal and photovoltaic and wind generators.


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Adriatic Area best practices survey Community

Country

Sector

Subsector

Description

Brda

Slovenia

RUE

Building

Municipal building energy refurbishment and introduction of third party financing mechanism

Caorle

Italy

RUE

Industry, Forestry and Agriculture

Creation of a biofuel farm chain for production and internal use of pure vegetable oil for tractor engines

Coka

Serbia

RUE

Building

Improving Energy Efficiency in the Building of the Elementary School "Jovan Popović" in Coka

Divača

Slovenia

RUE

Building

Construction of new low energy kintergarden

Durres and western municipalities

Albania

RUE

Capacity Building / Information

Improving and increase the local capacities of municipal energy experts performing Municipal Energy Efficiency Planning

Formigine

Italy

RUE

Transport

Implementing the bike-sharing service

Forni di Sopra

Italy

RES/ RUE

Integrated system

Expanding the district heating network and optimization of the energy consumption of the public lighting

Giuliano Teatino

Italy

RUE

Building

Construction of the new municipal school complex with low energy requirements and sourced by renewable sources

Igoumetitsa

Greece

RES

Photovoltaic Energy

Installations of small scale PV (10 kWp) on roofs of residential buildings or very small SMEs, In communities of the Thesprotia Regional Unit

Ioannina

Greece

RUE

Transport

Development of a sustainable and integrated biodiesel production from energy crops by exploiting co-products produced in the regions of Western Greece, Epirus and Apulia, Italy

Isernia

Italy

RUE

Electricity Distribution

Introduction of a “Smart grid” aiming at improving the distribution of electricity using a two-way communications, advanced sensors, control and high technology systems

Island of Brač

Croatia

RUE

Energy Planning and Management

Development of the method for integrated energy planning appropriate for local-based energy systems, particularly for island



Community

Country

Sector

Subsector

Description

Island of Hvar

Croatia

RUE


In the framework of promotion of RES and EE measures, the project aims the energy selfsufficiency on communities

Ivanjica

Serbia

RUE

Building

Replacement of two fuel oil boilers with biomass boilers and reconstruction of the boiler house in the Elementary School “Mico Matovic” in Katici

Kamza

Albania

RUE

Building

Introduction of energy efficiency measures at Kamza kindergarten, in Kamza, Albania

Kapljina

BiH

RES

Solar Energy

Pilot project focused on the use of solar energy to resolve problem of liquid water required for irrigation

Kastav

Croatia

RES

Solar-Thermal Energy

Co financing and incentives for installing of solar thermal collectors in households

Kavaja

Albania

RUE

Building

Feasibility study conducted focusing predominantly on the energy efficiency measures in a building located at Kavaja kindergarten, in Kavaja City

Konavle

Croatia

RES

Photovoltaic Energy

Distribution of “energy vouchers” to owners of facilities ready to install solar panels for water heating on their roofs

Krk

Croatia

RES

Photovoltaic Energy

Installing of a photovoltaic system, capacity of 30 kW, on the roof of the headquarters of the City of Krk

Labin

Croatia

RUE

Transport

Installing of Electric vehicle charging station

Limena

Italy

RUE

Industry, Forestry and Agriculture

Installation of a biogas plant in a livestock farming

Livno

BiH

RES

Biomass Energy

Switch from standard heavy fuel use to use of biomass – woodchips and wood pellets in district heating plants

Maiolati Spontini

Italy

RES/ RUE

Integrated system

Several initiatives aiming to reduce energy costs and improve energy efficiency of the municipality area


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Community

Country

Sector

Subsector

Description

Mali Lošinj

Croatia

RUE


Defining a concept of an energy self sufficient and sustainable island by the develovepment of different possibilities of future scenarios

Minervino di Lecce

Italy

RES/ RUE

Integrated system

Promotion of integrate initiatives in the theme of sustainability

Nis - Crveni Krst

Serbia

RUE

Building

Construction of thermo-solar plant in Special Hospital "Gornja Toponica" in Gornja Toponica

Novigrad

Croatia

RUE

Urban System

Energy efficiency interventions on public lighting of the town

Orsara di Puglia

Italy

RUE

Transport

Reducing the fuel consumption required for transportation of food and wine. Promotion of green tourism and local quality of life and increase renewable energies production

Pargas

Greece

RES

Wind Energy

Installation of a wind turbine park in the Region of Epirus

Peglio

Italy

RUE


A set of small initiatives aimed to inform sensitize the citizens and to improve the existent laws, regulations or technology used

Polverara

Italy

RES

Biomass Energy

Installation of wood chips district heating network. The plant is fuelled with wood chips (average size between 31.5 and 45 mm and no more than 2530% water content)

Popoli

Italy

RES

Solar Energy

Improving the energy performance of a nursing home owned by the municipality by the integration of the heat generator with solar thermal system for DHW

Postojna

Slovenia

RUE

Capacity Building / Information

Awareness raising on energy issues within the Secondary Forestry and Woodwork School

Preveza

Greece

RES

Biogas Energy

Analysis of possible biogas production approaches from various agricultural feedstock, improvement of authorization procedures and financial mechanisms for biogas investments, Creation and dissemination of information material and establishment of guidelines for evaluation criteria for biogas investment



Community

Country

Sector

Subsector

Description

San Giuliano di Puglia

Italy

RES

Photovoltaic Energy

Realization of a photovoltaic plant system located on the ground, having a total capacity equal to 1000 kW (1 MW)

San Lazzaro di Savena

Italy

RES

Photovoltaic Energy

Collective ownership of photovoltaic plants involving citizens in a collective investment aimed at realizing a renewable energy production plant

Tinjan

Croatia

RES

Biogas Energy

Construction of a biogas power plant

Tocco da Casauria

Italy

RES

Wind Energy

Construction of a wind farm composed by 4 wind turbines with a total capacity of 3.2 MW. The estimated annual production is 7200 MWh

Trebinje

BiH

RES

Solar Energy

Promotion of electricity produced from solar energy by equipping a rest-home with solar panels (PHV) of 16 kW

Troia

Italy

RES/ RUE

Integrated system

A complex of several initiatives in mobility, residential, education sectors and in tertiary industry

Valli del Pasubio

Italy

RUE

Building

Installation of a wood chips boiler heating the local district school

Verzegnis

Italy

RES/ RUE

Integrated system

Reach the energy self sufficiency through increased use of local wood to feed the local district heating network, expanding district heating network, setting up two wind blades and adoption of targeted energy efficiency regulations in private households

A comprehensive community planning aimed at encouraging the diversification of energy sources, the rational use of fossil fuels and the strengthening of the links between energy, environment and sustainable development, should obviously be articulated around the three main priorities: · Engagement to encourage a sustained effort towards optimal energy utilization with significant development of renewable energy. · Development of a high environmental quality waste economy.

· Improvement of transport performance and a reduction in air pollution. Greater public awareness, strong collaboration between academician, private investors and policy making/decision taking governing bodies, latest comprehensive information on existing regulations and incentives, establishment of domestic companies able to support the development of industrial clusters, are some of the important steps that needs to be taken immediately.


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Introduction

The main purpose of the document is that of describing how technologies, solutions and good practices can be integrated and put at work in small communities in order to achieve a higher degree of energetic and environmental sustainability. The document reports the results of a survey of “success stories” covering both local and international level. In particular, in the chapter devoted to the International Survey there are presented some available solutions adopted in Africa, America, Asia, Europe, MiddleEast and Russia, focused primarily on crucial issues concerned with the energy production, its consumption and distribution. An analysis of 24 examples of best practices implemented in cities of all over the world follows. In the chapter “Survey on Small Communities of Adriatic Area”, there are presented 43 experiences, focusing in particular on the description of good practices for energy sustainability applied in small cities in the Adriatic Area and their comparison and assessment for possible replicability.

International survey

Many local authorities have already begun to move toward long-term sustainable development for society. Many small to large projects dealing with some important topics such as energy efficiency, reduced energy consumption, promotion of the development and implementation of systems utilizing renewable sources of energy (solar, wind, biomass, hydropower) and organic agriculture and farming, have been completed successfully, or are in the implementation phase, in different countries of both developed and under developed world.


Energy, the most important factor for the socioeconomic development, eradication of poverty, human civilisation and its progress, health, shelter and other basic needs of the society, is a topic that certainly needs to be considered on the top most priority.

will be realised over the next few years. Also, to explore the challenges posed by EU’s decarbonisation objective with ensured security of energy supply and competitiveness, the European Commission has adopted the Communication “Energy Roadmap 2050”.

It is in this context that in an attempt to discuss the crucial issues concerned with the energy production, its consumption and distribution, it was conducted a comprehensive overview of innovative technologies for renewable energy production, various initiatives to reduce energy consumption, having major impact on the development of sustainable energy future. It presents an analysis of the available technologies, potential of novel solutions, good practises for energy saving, renewable energy production and distribution in urban surroundings.

Nowadays, many countries in the North and Central Europe have already start in supporting the development of renewable energy sources (biomass, hydro, geothermal, wind and solar energy) and energy efficiency within their national policy. The level of production of primary energy depends on the renewable resources available over the territories. Some countries like Norway (89,96% of gross electricity consumption in 2010), Austria (61,41%), Switzerland (54,81%), Sweden (54,48%), Latvia (48,47%), Denmark (33,11%), have a high level of production. It is also to be noted that when a country like France (with majority of the power production from nuclear power plants) is characterized by a centralized energy production system on the other hand, in Denmark, (with majority of energy system based on renewable energy sources - wind, solar energy, biomass) energy production and distribution are strongly decentralized.

3.1 Europe Total primary energy production in the EU-27 was 831 Mtoe in 2010. Out of this amount 28% came from nuclear energy, followed by renewables (20%), solid fuels (20%), gas (19%) and oil (12 %). Between 2000 and 2010, the production of RES grew by 72%. On the contrary, there were reductions in the production of all other fuels. The highest reduction was recorded in oil production (-44 %), followed by gas (-25 %), solid fuels (-23 %) and nuclear (-3 %). Today with global oil production approaching its peak along with billions of tones of carbon emissions into the atmosphere, global temperature rise, threats of climatic changes and the great obstacles to further development of conventional energy sources, energy sustainability is one of the greatest important problems faced by Europe today. It is in this context that the European Commission is putting forward a common European energy policy to face the energy supply challenges and its effects on the growth and environment. Sustainable, competitive and secure energy supply, are the main priorities. To achieve this important target, the European Commission is focusing on a solid and ambitious European framework for energy policy, the “Energy 2020 strategy”, that


Moreover, while In France the energy generation capacities are aggregated and subordinated to a centrally managed state energy network on the other hand, in Denmark, the individual energy production capacities have a relatively small capacity and are dispersed over the entire territory of the country. A number of territorial units feature an entirely closed cycle of energy “production-transportation-distribution-consumption”. In this case the national grid plays only a regulating function. In principle, coal, petroleum, natural gas and use of renewable have been the main energy resources, in Europe. The amount of energy produced from coal has steadily declined throughout the decade. The stronger reductions were recorded in Germany, Poland and the United Kingdom. On the contrary, in Estonia, Finland, Slovenia and Sweden there was a different trend, however, where the quantities are very small. The production of natural gas has been reduced by 23%. The strongest reduction was recorded in the UK where gas production has been halved. There was a strong


reduction in Germany while it increased the extraction of gas in the Netherlands. Oil production in the whole of the surveyed countries decreased by 46%. The 88% of this reduction has occurred in the United Kingdom. The production of energy from renewable sources is constant and rapid growth in all countries. Germany in 2010 showed a production equal to 239% compared to 2000, Belgium 190%, Ireland 164% .The use of renewable sources has increased in a more decisive way in all countries. The largest increases in absolute value were recorded in Germany and France. The major performances were recorded in Slovakia, Luxembourg, United Kingdom and Belgium. The use of renewable sources between 2000 and 2010 has been increased by 64%. In conclusion, it can be stated that in Europe while on one hand power production from fossil fuels decreases significantly, on the other hand, a slight decrease in the production of electricity from nuclear power accompanied by very significant increase in production of energy from renewable sources, has been recorded. In the above context, It is worth to mention that true credit for development of renewable energy goes to so many local initiatives such like RES Champions League (network of national RES leagues for creating a positive renewable energy competition between European cities, towns and villages), Covenant of Mayors (mainstream European movement involving local and regional authorities, voluntarily organisation committing themselves to increase energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources on their territories) and Energy Cities (European Association of Local Authorities inventing their energy future) In Europe more than 4.300 cities from different countries like Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden and United Kingdom, with nearly 170 millions of inhabitants involved, have already signed the Covenant of Mayors and thus are in procss of submitting the Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) outlining the key actions they plan to undertake. In most of the countries from North and Central Europe, municipalities establish their own local energy and climate plan. Climate change action plan lays out a strategy, including specific policy recommenda-

tions, that a local government will use to address climate change and reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Energy Cities Association was created in 1990 and with its premises located in Brussels and Besançon now represents more than 1,000 towns and cities in 30 countries. The main objectives of Energy Cities located in Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark France, Finland Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, Netherlands, United Kingdom, are to strengthen skills in the field of sustainable energy. represent public interests and influence the policies and proposals made by European Union institutions in the fields of energy, environmental protection and urban policy and to develop and promote initiatives through exchange of experiences, transfer of know-how and implementation of joint projects. Green Capital Award, initiated by European Commission, is a prize aimed to recognize the commitment of cities to become “green” through various routes such like energy efficiency (in building, public spaces and networks), renewable sources and sustainable transports. European Green Capital city award based on a consistent record of achieving high environmental standards, commitment to environmental improvement and sustainable development and promote best practices has already been awarded by Stockholm, Hamburg, Nantes and Copenhagen. Many countries of Eastern-Europe have already started to look for new solutions to satisfy their energy demands. It is a well established fact that massive efforts are will be required to reduce energy demand and increase the overall energy efficiency. It is worth to note that high priority on sustainable local development, environmental protection and secured energy supply along with awareness of the large economic and social benefits as well as local potentials of EE and RES, will certainly help to improve EE and increased use of RES. To achieve this important goal, municipalities will increasingly need to find other sources to receive support. Municipalities in Eastern Europe contribute to energy sustainability through Municipal Energy Action Plans, Sustainable Energy Action Plans


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and Regional Local Energy EE Agencies/Offices. Several programmes and networks, as discussed below, are being introduced at local level in order to support energy sustainability at local level: - Covenant of Mayors. The advantage for eastern European countries to sign the Covenant of Mayor sometime help them to receive funding or financial support from different organisations and benefit from different kind of EU-support. - VNG, Dutch Association of Municipalities, is another opportunity for the municipalities in East European countries to be engaged in the development of Renewable Energy. - CIUDAD. A programme financed by the European Neighbourhood Partnership Instrument (ENPI) can provide support to the European Neighbourhood Policy from Mediterranean, Eastern European and Russia). CIUDAD programme covers amongst sustainable economic growth and reduction of social disparities, good governance and sustainable urban development planning, environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. - MUNEE, The Municipal Network for Energy Efficiency, with over 10 years of experience in Eastern Europe and Eurasia and targeting cities, utilities and housing associations, has already helped municipalities from nearly 17 countries to implement cost effective energyefficiency measures. Supported with funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and managed by the Alliance to Save Energy, the program allows Eastern European and Eurasian municipalities to implement cost-saving energy-efficiency improvements in heating and water systems, residential structures, and municipal buildings - particularly schools and hospitals.

centralization - cities often has little revenue generation and depends on the national government for budget outlays. Energy efficiency at the local level is not always a local issue. National policy determines many of the incentives for and impediments against wiser energy management. The result is that cities have little control over their budgets and little incentive to reduce operating expenses. So far, Mediterranean countries are concerned it is expected that by 2020, there will be a significant change in their energy mix. On one hand when the energy demand, in the Southern countries is expected to be doubled, increase in the countries of the Northern Mediterranean countries will represent only 30% increase over the same period. The share of RE in the total energy consumption will reach 5,3% in the North versus 3,3% in the South. The control of energy consumption and the increased use of energy from renewable sources, together with energy savings and increased energy efficiency are essential pillars for developing the MSP. Increasing the share of RE in total energy consumption is the main challenge that MSP plans to address through projects promoted by both public and private operators that will help to require specific contractual structures and regulatory frameworks suitable for Public Private Partnership (PPP) schemes. A number of cooperation initiatives that address EE & RE issues already exist around the Mediterranean. The MSP should support these initiatives in order to increase coordination and to avoid unnecessary competition.

- Eastern Europe. Key issues are tariffs that are not based on energy consumption and subsidies that remove any incentive to use less energy.

It is important to note that most MPCs with limited human capital are not able to define an action plan with specific guidelines for actions that must achieve the policy objectives of rational use of energy and of RE development. Moreover, in spite of the existence of a number of Independent Power Producers (IPPs),implementation of regulations fostering a strong involvement of private operators in the RE sector (third-party access or specific feed-in-tariff schemes for electricity produced from renewable sources) has not been done so far.

Many of these policies are decided in national capitals, out of the reach of municipal decisionmakers. Equally as important is the high degree of

Concerning the development and use of renewable energies, it is a must that immediate efforts be made to improve renewable technologies re-



duce overall energy generating cost and consider the environmental externalities It is hoped that the technology and market drivers (such as energy prices) could strongly improve the competitiveness of certain RE technologies in the short term. To create public awareness, strong collaboration between academician, private investors and policy making/decision taking governing bodies, availability of up to date knowledge and potential of renewable energy sources to the private sector, latest comprehensive information on existing regulations and incentives, establishment of domestic companies able to support the development of industrial clusters, are some of the important steps that needs to be taken immediately for successful implementation and wide spread diffusion of renewable energy in the Mediterranean countries The reinforcement of the electrical interconnection between MPCs as well as between the Southern and Northern shores of the Mediterranean is a key issue that needs to be addressed for both technical as well as political reasons. A thorough analysis of international best practices will certainly helps in formulating development strategy for the MSP.

3.2 Russia, Middle-East And Africa RUSSIA Energy use in buildings (constructed with little or no regard for the thermal performance of the building envelope) in Russia is characterised by relatively low levels of energy performance. Data suggests that energy use in buildings in Russia is more than 50% higher than in OECD countries with similar climatic conditions. This relative inefficiency is the result of at least two key factors: the energy characteristics of the building stock and the equipment and appliances used within the building. So, improving energy performance of buildings is one of the strategic priorities of the EBRD in Russia. To provide innovative sustainable energy finance products to residential, public and commercial building owners, EBRD aims to scale up its engagement in the building sector. With proportional increase in the availability of energy efficient and environmentally friendly building materials and

technologies on the local market, emergence of a sustained green building movement in Russia, is already on the card. There has been an encouraging and corresponding rise in the number of green building to be designed, constructed and operated in compliance with major international green building rating systems. Energy efficiency improvements help building owners and operators to reduce costs, lead to improved comfort and improved health and reduce the environmental impact of building-related energy use. Concerning the use of alternative energy sources in Russia, in view of the fact that the engineering infrastructure of most small towns and villages in Russia is absolutely undeveloped, most of the households turn to alternative energy technologies that decrease their energy expenses. The most in demand are technologies providing heat and hot water from alternative energy sources, such as heat pumps and solar panels. It is true that the people in Russia have become more conscious about the environment in which they live and are much more interested to use alternative energy technologies but the fact remains that even as on today there is an acute lack of information, lack of governmental support and above all, strong government policy with well defined regulation for the successful implementation and wide spread diffusion of renewable energy, in Russia. Even as on today, the people who use alternative energy sources do not receive any benefits from the state, such as tax breaks or cheap loans for equipment. Just to conclude, it can be stated that though a green revolution in Russia has already been started, but it is worth to note that for now it is only confined to big cities because millions of people with relatively high incomes live there. Green technologies are in demand in Moscow, St. Petersburg and in a few Siberian cities, but most of the provinces are still not interested. MIDDLE-EAST The Middle East, one of the driest and most water scarce areas of the world, certainly require energy inputs, particularly electricity, essential to meet


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its ever increasing basic need for freshwater and food as well as for industrial activity, transportation, commerce and agriculture to create employment. Moreover, ensuring sufficient electricity availability is crucial to provide education, health, gender equality and environmental sustainability services. Water management and use for agriculture, domestic supply and industry is closely related to reliable access to electricity. It is worth to be note that the Middle East region hosting more than 5% of the world’s population has just only one percent of the world’s renewable water resources. About 60% of the available freshwater is in Trans boundary basins. The oil rich countries on the Peninsula have large desalination schemes to help alleviate the water stress. The availability of reasonably priced electricity is a major factor to resolve interconnected issues of population, poverty, and environmental sustainability. The current availability and future potential of electricity supply in the region depends on incountry fossils fuels, hydroelectricity, renewables, and wealth, allowing imports of fuels or electricity. The overall energy balance (supply/demand) will also be affected by the extent to which demand side management can be applied to reduce total energy consumption and the region’s ability to increase supply through renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind and biomass. Concerning development and use of renewable energy in the Middle East, it has been observed that in order to meet its ever increasing energy demand, the Middle East, having abundance of natural sunlight, the key ingredient in solar energy production, has already taken steps to embrace renewable energy. This is evidenced by a host of public announcements made by various governments in early 2012, with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Kuwait and Oman each announcing plans to produce at least 10% of its energy from sustainable sources by 2020. These sentiments have been echoed in the United Arab Emirates, where Dubai and Abu Dhabi have set more modest targets of producing 5% and 7% respectively of their energy from solar and renewable sources by 2030.


Across the Middle East and North Africa, there are about 150 renewable energy projects being built, including solar, wind, geothermal and biomass. Rather than consuming all their oil and gas resources, they are more often turning to renewable to supply domestic demand. It’s however to be noted that some Middle East nations no doubt been more active than others in devising and implementing their renewable energy plans but the fact remains that current technology still needs to be adapted for desert conditions in order to more efficiently harness this energy. The change in Middle East energy strategy suggests there will be significant opportunities for private sector companies in the renewable energy and cleantech space in the near and long term. AFRICA Stable energy supply is essential for strong economic growth and poverty reduction. In an era of climate change and fossil fuel depletion, governments and investors have a common interest in identifying the most efficient and reliable energy sources to sustain future growth. Use of renewable energy can improve energy security, especially for non-oil producing countries, creates employment and helps fight poverty by improving energy accessibility, particularly for remote or rural populations. Moreover, with ever growing interest for possible use of renewable energy, especially in the far remote and isolated areas in most of the least developed countries in Africa, many Governments and the International Community has already taken measures to boost investment in this area and increase technology transfer for renewable energy development. Renewable energy also provides a unique opportunity to reach Africa’s rural populations because project size is flexible and often independent of a centralized infrastructure. Small projects, for example hydropower from local rivers or isolated solar power systems, do not need to be connected to a regional or national power grid. Biomass and solar power can also provide a sustainable energy supply for remote villages in oil-importing landlocked countries with limited costs compared to fossil fuels.


In spite of the fact that the continent is well endowed with renewable energy prospects but mainly because of the lack of knowledge and technical skills to operate and maintain renewable energy plants. high start-up costs of investments. Moreover, due to: health and safety permits, environmental licenses, technical feasibility studies, contracts for technology and fuel supplies, equipment for the power plant, insufficient funding for renewable energy projects, high perceived risk, only a very small proportion of sources is currently exploited. An analysis of the International Energy Agency (2007) shows that although renewable energy makes up 16% of all Africa’s energy sources used for power generation, the vast majority comes from combustible renewable and waste. In addition, less than 1% of the total figure is made up of hydro electricity. Other forms of renewable energy in the continent (geothermal, solar, tide and wind) are negligible.

3.3 America Local governments and communities can employ several strategies in order to achieve a higher degree of energy and environmental sustainability. Saving energy through energy efficiency improvements helps reduce air pollution and GHG emissions, improves energy security and independence, provides multiple benefits and creates jobs. Local governments can promote energy efficiency in their jurisdictions by developing and implementing strategies that improve the efficiency of municipal facilities and operations and/or encourage energy efficiency improvements in residential, commercial and industrial sectors. Local communities can combine efforts to improve energy efficiency in local government operations with energyefficient product procurement, combined heat and power, on-site renewable energy generation and green power procurement. Runaway energy prices, declining air quality and the current politics of oil supply have certainly resulted in a strong development of more secure and safe energy alternatives. Many of them, especially wind energy and biomass/biofuels, rely on the availability of open land and agricultural crops to

generate power. The potential of renewable energy sources in the United States is enormous. Renewable energy sources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower and geothermal can provide sustainable energy services, based on the use of available and indigenous resources. The economic and policy mechanisms needed to support the widespread dissemination and the development of sustainable markets for renewable energy systems are rapidly evolving. U.S. renewable energy markets have experienced tremendous growth over the past ten years. Photovoltaic and wind markets have experienced the largest growth but also other types of renewable energy are showing a continuous increase, development and diffusion in the U.S. Biomasses and biofuels belong to this second category. Between 2009 and 2010, renewable energy consumption rose over 8 quadrillion Btu. Renewable energy’s share of U.S consumption in 2010 was slightly up to a little more than 8%. Renewable generation increased just 2 % between 2009 and 2010. Renewable generation would have been higher, but for a net decrease of conventional hydropower due to low water availability. The main drivers behind the changes in renewable energy were consumption increases for biofuels and wind, being balanced by a decrease for conventional hydroelectric power. The electric power sector had the most renewable energy consumption (10 %). The residential and commercial sectors were the smallest sectors with stable market shares. Ethanol consumption was more than doubled with expected growth in the future. The consumption of biodiesel, the other main biofuel, dropped 30 percent in 2010. Several options may be taken into consideration among local renewable energies. Local governments can select from a range of technologies for on-site renewable energy generation. Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Biomass, landfill gas and other gases, Municipal solid waste, low impact hydropower are different renewable energy sources that can be produced using various systems. Concerning renewable energy, Brazil is an emerging country. Large hydro-electrical plants, inter-


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national promotion of ethanol from sugar cane, advanced technologies to discover and exploit oil fields located in the great depths of the sea and the potential opening of a third nuclear power plant, were the works of diversification of energy in Brazil. The Brazilian energy matrix is one of the cleanest in the world: 45% of renewable ene r gy against a world average of 13%. In the production of electricity power the hydroelectric and biomass plants have become increasingly important. Brazil is the fourth largest producer of biodiesel after Germany, the U.S. and France Today with enough oil, biofuels, hydroelectric, thermal and nuclear power plants, the country is able to meet the nee d s of both domestic and foreign markets.

ability of the feedstock for efficient conversion to ethanol. Approximately 190 000 ha of sugar-cane plantations are established every year, mostly in the southern parts of the country (FAO, 2007c). Brazil is expected to continue to be the major biofuels exporter worldwide. More than 90% of all cars produced and sold in Brazil are “flex”, that is equipped with a motor that can run on ethanol, petrol or mixtures. Brazil has recently launched a global campaign to promote biofuels as a viable alternative to fossil fuels for transport. In Brazil, biofuel from sugar cane sources is more competitive than petrol,

Ethanol from sugar cane is the source that most contributes to the energy matrix Brazilian from renewable energy: More than 30% of renewable energy in the country is produced from biomass. The use of biofuels for transport (with higher energy consumption) is important in Brazil. Ethanol is used on a large scale since the seventies With introduction of flex-fuel engine cars, which use gasoline, ethanol or any mixture of the two fuels a real boom in domestic consumption, has been recorded.

In view of ever increasing energy demand, governments across the region are stepping up efforts to grow their renewable energy sources to reduce reliance on depleting fossil fuel sources. Energy demand is expected to increase considerably in the coming years as the result of population growth and economic development. Much of the increase in energy demand will result from rapid economic growth in Asian economies, especially China and India.

Agro-ecological mapping (funded by the Ministry of Agriculture) covering entire Brazilian territory define in details where sugarcane is cultivated and considering soil, climate and water, where it may be cultivated. Considering the potential of each region, small hydroelectric, biomass and wind plants, the programme, “Proinfa”, was established in the year 2002 to promote renewable energy

In principle, coal, petroleum, natural gas and use of renewable have been the main energy resources, in Asia and Oceania. The vast majority of the energy is generated from non-renewable sources, specifically coal, gas, hydro, and nuclear plant.

Brazil has a potential for wind power generation of 300 gigawatts, with promising future of this industry. National Programme for the production of biodiesel and the Program Luz Para Todos (light for more than 10 million people) are other important national programmes created by the government. In view of the important target already achieved over the past eight-ten years. Nowadays Brazil has succeeded in its mission to reach the energetic sustainability and improve its economic development. The success of biofuels in Brazil is largely a result of the high productivity of sugar cane and the suit-


3.4 Asia and Oceania

For example, in the profile of energy sources in India, coal has a dominant position. Coal constitutes about 51% of India’s primary energy resources followed by oil (36%), natural gas (9%), nuclear (2%) and hydro (2%). India would need to exploit all possible options to create reasonably large capacity base on the energy side. It needs to expand manifold the coal production, extract through all possible means, the oil and gas reserves, wherever possible, resort to import of coal, acquire coal and gas reserves abroad, will need to continue substantial dependence on import of oil, and exploit fully the large hydro electric potential. India is one of the very few countries which have been successful in employing wind turbine technology. Wind power accounts for 6% of India’s to-


tal installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country’s power As of December 2010 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW. An additional 6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity has been installed by 2012. India believes that nuclear power could be a good source of its power profile and therefore its proportion should increase from 2.6% to say 7 to 8% by 2030 which will mean a capacity of over 55,000 MW. The growth of the China’s economy (10-11%) has led to a high demand for energy sources. In 2007, China produced only 186.7 million tonnes of crude oil while its consumption was 368.0 million tonnes. China with ample coal reserves produces about 41.1% of the total world coal production. China produced about 2.4% of the total world production of natural gas and consumed about 2.3% of total consumption. Most of mainland China’s electricity is produced from fossil fuels (about 80%, mainly coal) and hydro power (about 18%). Nuclear power has an important role, especially in the coastal areas remote from the coalfields. It is a fact that few years ago, renewable energy sector both in India and China was underdeveloped but over the last couple of years both the countries have made enormous progress so far development and wide spread diffusion of renewable energies is concerned. Renewable energy including traditional biomass makes up a greater proportion of total energy supplies in developing countries. About three-quarters of renewable energy are consumed in developing countries, where most renewable energy production is based on the use of traditional biomass and hydropower. Higher fossil fuel prices and government policies and programmes in support of the development of alternative energy will be factors in the competitiveness of renewable energy sources. With the inclusion of traditional biomass, heating and cooking will remain the principal uses of renewable fuels over the next 25 years. The power sector, however, is expected to lead the global increase in renewable energy consumption. The ultimate contributions

from different sources will be highly dependent on policy directions. Projections of total global energy consumption show that between 2004 and 2030, fossil fuels will provide the bulk of the increase, with nuclear and other sources providing relatively minor contributions in absolute terms. It is however to be noted that in spite of national and international efforts, however, forecasts do not show the global share of renewable energy increasing significantly. Future energy choices will depend on a number of factors. The significance of different energy sources varies in relation to the key objectives in energy policy. Dependence on energy imports is another key factor in determining the extent to which renewables and bioenergy are likely to be promoted. The price of oil and other fossil fuels is likely to considerably affect the adoption of renewables. The effects of oil price on the development of renewables and the global distribution of consumption is likely to be convoluted and issues such as trade and technology transfer will be of great importance. Growth projections for coal use point to the most dramatic increases occurring in Asia and the Pacific. Notwithstanding the environmental legislation an increase in the share Of energy supplied by coal seems inevitable, especially in China and India. Investments in clean energy have been growing steadily in the region over the years. As Asia’s energy demand persists, there is an urgent need for the industry to take active steps to accelerate the progress of clean energy innovation to ensure its place as a viable alternative energy source. At the same time, governments need to look into sustainable policies that will integrate renewable energy into its infrastructure, Some of the key achievements of R&D have been the development of a large number of high-efficiency smokeless wood stove designs; new and low-cost designs of family-size biogas plants using ferrocement material and for leafy bio-mass feedstock; low-grade solar thermal technologies; small-scale biomass gasifiers run on wood and agro-residues as fuel; optimized cogeneration


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based on high-pressure boilers; development of high-rate biomethanation processes; development of rotor blades and intelligent power controller; development of polymer electrolyte membrane and phosphoric acid fuel cell technology; and metal hydrides for storage of hydrogen.

available energy sources and generators of energy is crucial in planning and management of rural energy systems. Considering that a people-centred approach is vital to achieve greater universalization of energy supplies in the rural areas, the participation of NGOs has been encouraged.

Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) provide an important interface between the people and the Government in the planning and implementation of renewable energy programmes, particularly in the rural areas. At the same time, the role of the local communities themselves as users of the locally

It is true that it was not easy to compare the environmental best practices among small communities in Asia and Oceania but still efforts have been made to present some success stories in the International Survey Forms.


International Survey Forms


To address various issues concerning with renewable energy production, its consumption and distribution, measures to reduce energy consumption, energy efficiency, the present paragraph presents the description of numerous initiatives and a number of energy saving good practices realized in different countries and their assessment for possible replicability, in small to medium sized cities / villages in both urban and rural area, with more or less 10000 inhabitants. Domestic water heating, passive and active space heating, and solar cooling, energy efficiency, heating of school and college buildings, through sustainable waste management using woodchipburning boiler and biogas plants, thermal rehabilitation - retrofitting of old buildings to improve energy performance and provide better environmental conditions, energy efficient street lighting system, conversion of organic wastes into biogas and nutrient rich liquid fertilizer using bio-digesters, straw fuelled district heating, construction of zero energy building, energy efficiency measures, are some of the important issues that have been addressed successfully through implementation of projects that have already been completed in different countries such like Bulgaria, China, India, Germany, United Kingdom, Romania, Bosnia &


Herzegovina, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Thailand and USA. Based upon the thorough analysis of the work reported in this section, it has been observed that out of 25 projects reported in the document, some of the projects of great scientific interest, very good prospects in the future and, above all, not demanding complex and advanced technological knowhow, are certainly worth consideration to be replicated in small to medium sized cities of many other countries. For example, domestic water heating (India, China, many European countries) thermal rehabilitation - retrofitting of old buildings to improve energy performance and provide better environmental conditions (Germany), heating of school and college buildings through sustainable waste management using woodchipburning boiler and biogas plants (US), installation of photovoltaic systems, are worth consideration. Despite of a greater public awareness on both energy and environment related problems, and, moreover, with matured technology available for generation of power using renewable energy sources at local level, it is of utmost necessity that sincere efforts be taken by local authorities to make use of the successful experience gained by many municipalities worldwide.


Community Identification Name of municipality

Auckland

Region/State/Country

New Zeeland

Title of initiative

Energy efficiency advice for residents

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

Auckland City Council

Status of implementation

Completed

Objectives

To conduct a free energy audit by energy advisers

Project description The programme involves energy advisers visiting homes to conduct a free energy audit. The audit provides the resident with an accurate measure of energy consumption and losses, and includes measuring the power consumption of common appliances such as heaters, fridges and computers. The adviser later provides the resident with an energy efficiency plan, containing information and advice on energy use and where savings can be made. Auckland City Council has contributed $12,500 to the EcoWise energy efficiency advice programme to help residents save energy, reduce costs and create drier healthier homes. The City’s Council’s support this initiative with the development of the sustainability strategy, the Mayoral Task force for Sustainable Development, the City’s environmental policy and employment of an energy manager to improve the organisation’s energy efficiency and use of renewable energy technologies. Results Information and advice to save energy reduce costs and create healthier living environment. To improve the organisation’s energy efficiency and use of renewable energy technologies. Replicability A public programme of free energy audit could be replicated in different contexts. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

www.aucklandcity.govt.nz/news/council/200703/11/a08.asp


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Baile Tusnad


Harghita County, Romania

Title of initiative

Thermal rehabilitation - retrofitting of an old building for future public use

Main sector


Origin of funding

Public-private partnership: the construction company selected to implement the retrofitting will pre-finance the construction and related costs for 3 years


On-going

Objectives

Energy saving in old buildings though adoption of efficient heating system

Project description Redesigning the existing building reconstruction plans of a 113-year old building owned by the local council, using PHPP software as a calculation tool for designing the thermal rehabilitation, with special focus on energy efficiency aspects, is the main objective of the project. The project implemented in a Baile Tusnad, a municipality with nearly 2.000 inhabitants, helped to change the old building into a community centre as town hall, modern conference facilities, rooms for local NGOs, library and tourist information centre. The INTENSE partnership developed a project combining consolidation and renovation of the building with energy efficiency concepts such as retrofitting, renewable energy sources, and energy savings. Results General awareness on energy efficiency raised among the municipality staff, experience gained to work on EU-funded projects, capacity building of municipal planners to formulate EE-related technical requirements towards construction companies and possibilities of using PHPP software will certainly help to develop highly efficient building thus reducing the running energy costs of the retrofitted building, improved energy-optimized planning capacities of the municipality staff and exemplary role for the region. Replicability The content is widely applicable as it will demonstrate an application of PHPP software as a calculation tool for designing the energy efficient (re)construction of public buildings and Pre-financing with public guarantee as a tool for local (re)construction projects in crisis times. More information Contact person

Mr. Sipos Gellerd, [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.intense-energy.eu/uploads/tx_trieextendttaddress/ INTENSE_Baile_Tusnad_01.pdf




Barnsley


England, United Kingdom

Title of initiative

Biomass implementation policy

Main sector


Origin of funding

Co-funded by the Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI) through the Intelligent Energy Europe (IE) Programme


On-going

Objectives

The driver for the policy is a desire to reduce CO2 emissions

Project description The project aimed to replace existing coal fired boilers and install biomass boilers in all new council rebuilds and major refurbishments. It applies to all council buildings including offices, depots, residential accommodation and schools. Results Much of the heating equipment owned by BMBC was coal fired, and in need of replacement. This is expressed through the Biomass Implementation Policy, which aims to identify all opportunities to convert to biomass heating. BMBC is aiming to become “Carbon Neutral” by 2040 and eventually become a net energy exporter. The principle result has been the adoption of the Biomass implementation Policy by BMBC and the establishment of the infrastructure to run a reliable and expandable biomass heating programme. BMBC has achieved its 2010 target to reduce CO2 emissions by 20 % by 2001. It achieved its 2020 target to reduce CO2 emissions by 40 % by 2004, and could achieve its 2050 target to reduce CO2 emissions by 60% by replacing all coal burning plants. Replicability This initiative could be replicated and adapted in other areas and it is very interesting for the reason that it reaches great results without the need of important investments. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

—


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Craig


Prince of Wales Island, Southeast Alaska, USA

Title of initiative

Use of wood biomass (produced from local waste) to replace fossil fuels for heating of several public buildings

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

City of Craig used federal, state and local funds to carry out the project. Funding has been provided by: USDA Forest Service, USDA National Resource Conservation Service, Alaska Energy Authority, Denali Commission, and City of Craig.


Completed

Objectives

Reducing dependence on petroleum products for heating of building using waste produced locally thus saving municipal budget

Project description To reduce the heating cost, the energy system (woodchip-burning boiler) would provide approximately 4 million BTU per hour by burning wood waste products and transfer the resulting energy to identified facilities as hot water to heat the identified buildings. Existing propane and oil systems would be maintained for backup and supplemental heat. Approximately 750 tons of wood per year are used to heat 82,000 square feet. The wood chips are supplied by a local sawmill as part of the waste from their mill operation. The biomass fuel includes wood chips and hog fuel (mixed sawdust, wood chips and bark). The wood is burned in a staged combustion system. It is first gasified and the gas is burned in the boiler. Hot water from the boiler is pumped on demand to heat exchangers at the pool and schools. If the wood boiler failed, the existing propane and oil boilers would continue to supply heat to the Facilities. The estimated useful project life is about 20 years. Results The system permits to save approximately $60.000-100.000 per year between the municipal pool and the school buildings compared to the oil consumption of the old System. The boiler is fuelled with wood biomass supplied by local thus helping local mill owners to use their own wood waste avoiding its mere disposal. Replicability With the availability of various types of funds, this chain pattern is easily replicable in small communities and small towns. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://www.alaskawoodheating.com/craig_biomass.php http://www.craigak.com/index_files/wood.htm




Darby


Montana, USA

Title of initiative

The Darby study case is part of the federal Fuels For Schools and Beyond Program in Montana

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

US Forest Service (USFS) funding all of the $885,000 capital costs for the Darby project, together with Bitterroot National Forest, and Bitter Root RC&D realised the biomass project


Completed

Objectives

Reducing dependence on petroleum products for heating. Thus saving money in the school district budget

Project description The main purpose was to replace oil-fired systems with a wood-fired system in order to heat the school buildings. The woodchip-fired biomass heating plant with approximately 3 million BTU per hour outputs was the first demonstration project installed through the federal Fuels For Schools and Beyond Program in Montana. Approximately 700-1.000 tons of wood per year are used for the wood boiler system. Most of the chips are supplied by area loggers trying to sell all the materials from logging sites. Generally the material used for fuel is cull material. Virtually no odours or visible smoke are produced by the heating systems. The ash, removed from the boiler on a regular basis, is non-toxic and can be land filled or used as soil amendment on lawns or fields. Results This system permits to save approximately $60,000 per year. Replicability This chain pattern is easily replicable in local schools small communities and small towns. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://biomasscenter.org/portfolio/195-darby.html http://www.alaskawoodheating.com/darby_schools.php


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Dublin


Ireland

Title of initiative

Switch Off Campaign

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

UE - IEE programme


Completed

Objectives

The Switch Off campaign encourages staff in Dublin City Council to switch off lights and appliances such as computers, printers and photocopiers when not in use. The campaign was initiated as an action under the MINUS 3% project in order to help the council to improve its energy efficiency.

Project description Elaborated within the framework of the “MINUS 3%” project and funded by the IEE programme,, the main of The Switch Off campaign in Dublin City was to show that city authorities can save 3% energy each year. The campaign, managed by CODEMA (the leading energy agency for Dublin), was developed in three phases namely Pre-campaign energy walk around (basically an energy survey in Civic Offices), Implementation of campaign (creation of promotional material with simple energy-saving messages) and On-going roll-out of campaign (to continue awareness about the campaign several months after its implementation). The Switch Off campaign was included in the Sustainable Energy Action Plan 2010 and so was signed off at management level by the Environmental and Engineering Strategic Policy Committee and by the Lord Mayor of Dublin through the Covenant of Mayors. Results The campaign has achieved observable energy savings of 23% (equivalent to saving over € 11.000 annually, or 70 tonnes of CO2). A behavioural survey of over 500 Dublin City Council employees showed that 97% agreed that the campaign had a positive effect in raising energy awareness. Therefore, the campaign was seen as a success and was rolled out to the other three local authorities in Dublin. Replicability The Switch Off campaign has simple, clear messages and has vast replication potential. It has been successfully replicated in the headquarters of the other three local authorities in Dublin. The Switch Off campaign presented as a case study at the MINUS 3% All-Island Conference in November 2010 received great interest from other local authorities around Ireland. More information Contact person

Suzanne Morgan The Loft, 2-4 Crown Alley, Temple Bar, Dublin 2 [email protected]

Web-site

www.codema.ie (Organization web site)




Emfuleni


South Africa

Title of initiative

Water Leak Management

Main sector

Energy efficiency and water management

Origin of funding

Energy Efficiency City Initiative


Completed

Objectives

Analysis of flow-and-pressure logging data to predict how pressure management could be applied to produce the savings.

Project description The water leak management project, suggesting various measures to maximize energy and water savings in the water distribution system, was promoted by the Alliance to Save Energy (ASE). The utility in turn, in partnership with ASE, implemented the technical solution to reduce water leakage through pressure management. Prior to project design, an analysis of flow-and-pressure logging data was conducted to predict how pressure management could be applied to produce the savings. In order to solve many problems caused due to O&M of the distribution system, the installation of an advanced pressure management system at the intersection of the two large water mains was suggested by ASE. The technology was expected to result in substantial water and energy savings, and equally importantly, save money. Moreover, with advanced pressure management technology, water pressure is reduced to the lowest acceptable level at night. Results The project has also supported restoration of sewage plants to working order. The project also produced system benefits for the utility. The technology employed reduced water leakage, reduction of substantial water treatment costs, reduced pollution and improving the Municipality’s employment situation. Replicability Some of the initiative provided by the very ambitious South Africa programs could be replicated, on a smaller scale, in Cities Climate Leadership Group. More information Contact person

Emfuleni Municipality

Web-site

http://www.c40cities.org/bestpractices/water/emfuleni_efficiency.jsp


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Guangzhou


China

Title of initiative

Banning Motorcycles

Main sector

Mobility

Origin of funding

—


On-going

Objectives

Reduce traffic and road accidents

Project description Air pollution is a major problem in Guangzhou, with 1.7 million tonnes of vehicle exhaust fumes emitted in Guangdong Province every year, and continuing at a very high rate of increase, 10% every year. To control traffic problem and reduce road accidents, motorcycles ban imposed in the city of Guangzhou supported by high quality bicycle, pedestrian facilities and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, have emerged as a popular and more effective measures to achieve the target. Results According to traffic information issued by the Guangzhou traffic bureau, traffic problems in Guangzhou have been reduced by 50% and road accidents has dropped by 40% since motorcycles were banned in the downtown area. Replicability Initiative could be replicated and adapted in other areas with great results without any important additional investments. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

www.itdp.org/index.php/projects/update/guangzhou_bans_motorcycles/




Guntur


India

Title of initiative

The Energy Efficient Street Lighting System

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

—


Completed

Objectives

Reduce public electric consumptions

Project description A pilot demonstration project ‘The Energy Efficient Street Lighting System’ was initiated in March 2003. This involved using Power Saver instruments in fours strategic locations, each device calibrated for that location’s unique lighting load. The Servo Max Power (produced by Servomax India Limited) saver devices, in the four demonstration areas regulate voltage after peak hours, and automatically reduced voltage during low traffic flow. The pilot project was supported by ICLEI under an agreement with Gunter Municipal Corporation (GMC), which provided that once the results of the pilot project were substantiated GMC would implement its recommendations across the entire city in a phased approach through an Energy Services Company or ESCO. Results The installed devices resulted in an overall energy savings of 35%, saving 22,900 kWh of electricity, and reducing CO2 by 23 tonnes per year. Replicability The street lighting is one of the main sector in which Municipalities could obtain important energy saving, especially thought the use of the LED technology and innovative voltage regulation systems such the Guntur’s one. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

www.iclei.org/index.php?id=1636


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Krivodol


Vratsa Province, Bulgaria

Title of initiative

Increasing energy efficiency in public buildings - Nikola Vaptzarov 1924’ Community Centre

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

ESCO


Completed

Objectives

Energy refurbishment

Project description The aim of the project was to improve the energy performance of the building and to provide better environmental conditions both for the municipal administration and relevant activities of the Community Centre. The target was achieved through appropriate energy saving measures. Such like insulation of the roof with mineral wool, protected by a vapour-drainage foil laid on a vapour-resistant foil, replacement of the old worn out wooden joinery with PVC joinery, internal/ external insulation of the walls and upgradation of heating system. Third party financing scheme through an Energy Services Company (ESCo) helped realisation of the project without considerable initial investment on behalf of the municipality. Results Results gained are encouraging and long lasting. The project has saved a total of 315,399 kWh of energy, reduced CO2 emissions by 2,585 tonnes over the four years Awareness-raising campaign helped changing the attitude of the public with respect to the notions of “energy cost savings” and “energy efficiency”. Replicability This project is widely applicable and shows how improving the energy performance of a building by changing the heating system, installing insulation and a modern lighting system improves the comfort of building users. More information Contact person

Dr Tzvetan Iliev, [email protected] [email protected]

Web-site

www.krivodol.com




Koprivnica


Croatia

Title of initiative

School 21: School in low-energy standard, as motivation for portfolio of municipal EE projects

Main sector


Origin of funding

Investment value (building ground, designs, construction, and furnishing) of approx. 9.670.000 Euro for the School 21 will be financed by Municipal government (57%) and the Ministry of Science, Education and Sport (43%). Passive kindergarten construction is funded from the municipal budget, and the Saving House through a combination of subsidized state loans and private investment.


On-going

Objectives

Becoming an energy independent town by 2025

Project description As part of the educational infrastructure improvement construction of a new elementary school in the general urban plan (future residential area with community facilities). Reduced/zero fee for low-energy/ passive construction, supporting the construction of the first low-energy, support private and municipal low-energy construction projects and developing a catalogue of Koprivnica’s energy efficiency projects for dissemination, are the main challenges. School building built in passive standard and with low-energy building, including HVAC system based on utilization of renewables, high-quality building materials, and a system of rainwater harvesting is the main design aspects. Moreover, energy efficiency of new buildings and use of renewable energy source are the energy efficiency aspects. Results Increased interest of citizens to build low energy buildings in passive standard thus saving 68, 53 t (CO2) and reduce emission of CO2 by 54%. Replicability The content is widely applicable. More information Contact person

Mr. Mario Perković Head of Department for municipal facilities construction, [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.intense-energy.eu/uploads/tx_trieextendttaddress/ INTENSE_Koprivnica.pdf


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London (BED ZED)


United Kingdom

Title of initiative

Beddington Zero Energy Development

Main sector

Urban planning

Origin of funding

Peabody Foundations and Bioregions


Completed

Objectives

To reach almost 0 carbon emissions community with three main goals: social dimension, cost-effectiveness and environmental compatibility

Project description Beddington Zero Energy Development eco-community covers total surface of 1.7 hectares, with 2,500 square meters of living and working spaces as well as gardens that cover 1,640 square meters. It is one of the largest “CO2 neutral” eco-communities, with 100 apartments, offices, restaurants and cafes, roof gardens, and a sport complex. There are 38 different plans, ranging from 50 square meters to 84 square meters. Every apartment has its own south-oriented winter garden capable to store and redistribute heat during winter. Green roofs, covered by herbs, give a smooth touch of green esthetic on usually unexpected places – up to two floor high buildings. Kitchens have garbage triage for green waste separation and the waste is used for composting. Energy for water heating is provided by a combination of solar, wind and biomass systems. Southern roofs and facades have optical concentrators with photovoltaic cells and thermal sensors. Small wind turbines, heat pumps and fuel cells are used to generate additional electricity and thermal energy. Runoff water from the roofs is collected into tanks that can receive 28 l/m² of rainwater, and water usage is economized by a “store & reuse” system. BedZED also has its own septic system and plant-based waste water recycling system that diverts excess water into the rainwater tanks from where it’s used for toilet flushing. Special attention has been given to insulation and exterior walls are built with two layers of brick separated with 30cm of rock wool. External windows are vacuum isolated, triple – glazed. In order to increase living quality and lower energy usage, buildings are equipped with an intelligent lightening system. Building aeration is achieved with inverse circulation of interior and exterior air and indoor air quality is improved by use of non-toxic colours and materials without formaldehyde. The heating is achieved by hot water floor heating with water warmed by solar radiation or gas heated water boilers. The heating turns on automatically as soon as the temperature interior goes below 17°C. Results Energy for heat reduced by 81%, electricity consumption reduced by 45%; car transport lowered by 64%, percentage of waste recycled reached up to 60%, organic food consumed by nearly 86% of residents. Replicability To reduce both energy requirements and main water consumption together with Maximum use of local and recycled materials, Integrating green lifestyle and designing a lifestyle less dependent on the car, are some of the Key Bed Zed Principles that can be transferred to other sustainable communities. More information Contact person

Peabody Trust http://www.peabody.org.uk/

Web-site

http://www.bioregional.com/files/publications/ BedZEDCaseStudyReport_Dec02.pdf




Mauenheim


Germany

Title of initiative

Bioenergy underpins the first Autonomous Energy Village

Main sector


Origin of funding

This project is co-funded by the Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI) through the Intelligent Energy Europe (IE) programme.


On-going

Objectives

To become the first autonomous energy village in Germany, using bioenergy and solar power as stationary energy sources

Project description Mauenheim, a village of 100 households, uses bioenergy and solar power as stationary energy sources. Biogas produced from locally grown crops plus the manure generated by a 150-head dairy farm, a backup wood chip boiler system using local forest resources, and electricity from numerous photovoltaic (PV) systems are key elements of this community energy system. The installation of a community hot-water distribution-system for space heating in the village was an essential element for success. Fuel oil is the major space heating energy source replaced by the new system, and the village has become a net supplier of electricity to the grid. Results The village of Mauenheim successfully managed to become self-sufficient in terms of energy use, making it the first town in Germany of its kind. Mauenheim implemented a biogas system, a woodchip heating system, a local hot water supply grid and photovoltaic systems. Next to environmental advantages of renewable energy sources, the project also has a high regional economic value since purchasing of energy stays local, and the energy stays in the community. Replicability This is a micro-initiative that could be replicated in small communities, especially in which the agriculture is well developed, without the need of high investments. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

—


41



Middlebury


Addison County, Vermont, USA

Title of initiative

Use of wood biomass to replace fossil fuels in heating and cooling the college’s buildings.

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

—


Completed

Objectives

Reducing the dependence on petroleum products for energy production, improving atmosphere and saving money in the college’s budget.

Project description The ChipTec close-coupled gasification boiler system, with a rated capacity of 29 million BTUs, consuming roughly 20,000 tons of local wood chips per year, was built to generates steam for the college’s district energy system thus providing heating, cooling and domestic hot water to the campus. To control particulate emissions, Middlebury’s new gasification system is equipped with a Flex-Kleen Bag House filter system. The new system currently is the primary heating and cooling source for the school’s district energy system; steam coming from it helps also fuel the college’s cogeneration system, which meets about one-fifth of the campus’s electricity needs. The system is expected to offset more than 1 million gallons of fuel oil consumed annually by the existing boiler plant. The payback period for the $12-million system is estimated to be approximately 11 years. Results Middlebury expected the biomass facility to cut its fuel-oil usage by half, replacing 1 million gallons of oil with about 20,000 tons of chips per year. This could allow annual cost savings of about $2 million. The project generating 2 million to 2.5 million kilowatt hours of electricity, with a renewable fuel is able to cut by almost 12,500 tons per year, or about 40 percent, the volume of emitted greenhouse gases. The college’s biomass use should greatly stimulate the growth of the local, sustainable wood chip market and bioenergy economy in the local county. The economy of the whole region should have great benefits, especially its forest-products industry and rural farmers. The plant may serve as a learning and demonstration laboratory for biomass gasification technology in action. Replicability This chain pattern producing heating, cooling and domestic hot water using a sustainable and renewable energy source is replicable in small communities and small towns. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://www.biomasscenter.org/images/stories/middlebury-college.pdf




Mostar


Bosnia & Herzegovina

Title of initiative

Water and Sewerage Rehabilitation

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

Fund from the Government of Bosnia & Herzegovina.


Completed

Objectives

The project demonstrated that a public water and sewerage utility can effectively improve service quality, financial performance, and energy efficiency (EE) through rehabilitation in a post-conflict environment

Project description To reduce untreated wastewater discharges into the Neretva River, a major source of raw water for many water utilities in Bosnia and Croatia, Mostar Water and Sanitation Utility (MWSU) thought to construct a new primary and secondary wastewater treatment plants as well as associated sewer collection networks. It was however, assessed that most wastewater discharges from MWSU were diluted in the river and did not significantly affect the quality of raw water for downstream water utilities. Moreover industrial discharges were a greater pollution threat. Due to the combined high costs and low benefits, finally, MWSU rejected the construction of wastewater plant and network. On recognition of Mostar City Council, to merge the Eastern and Western utilities thus paving the way for registering a single water and sewerage services provider, MWSU decided to rehabilitate the existing infrastructure. It identified urgent repairs to restore water service for suburban areas and refugee camps and facilitated water metering. To maximize the efficiency of the water supply and sewer networks, the repairs needed to be complemented with investments. But MWSU’s ability to develop cost-effective investments was limited. MWSU hired an international consulting firm to help identify and prioritize costeffective investment measures. The firm analyzed the water and wastewater networks and recommended a number of measures to reduce water leakages. Results To serve suburban areas, including refugee camps, rehabilitation of a number of pumping stations and replacement of 50 km of transmission mains and distribution pipes. The pumping station rehabilitation involved replacing outdated and overdesigned pumps by more energy-efficient ones, installing bulk water meters and automated valves where necessary, and upgrading electricity panels and wires. Replicability The project Mostar can be transferred to other sustainable communities. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

—


43



Rizhao


China

Title of initiative

Solar-Powered City

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Shandong provincial government


Completed

Objectives

Promote solar water heaters, energy efficiency and solar panels production and utilization.

Project description To focus on increasing the efficiency and lowering the cost of solar water heaters in Rizhao, a city in northern China, the Shandong provincial government funded the research and development activities of the solar water heater industry thus saving the overall energy costs. Several measures and policies aimed at popularising clean energy technology, including the Regulations on Implementing Solar Energy and Construction Integration that standardise the use of solar energy — particularly solar water heaters— in new buildings, have also been adopted Results With over a half-million square meters of solar water heating panels, nearly 99% of Rizhao’s households in the central districts use solar water heaters and more than 30% do so in the outlying villages while almost all traffic signals, street lights and park illuminations are powered by photovoltaic solar cells. In addition 6,000 households have solar cooking facilities and more than 60,000 greenhouses are heated by solar panels, reducing overhead costs for farmers in nearby areas. Strong government policy encouraging solar energy use with financial supports for research and development, establishment of local solar panel industries providing good quality products, and strong political will of the city’s leadership, are the main factors for success of solar power in Rizhao. Replicability The project being ambitious needs strong commitment from both Regional and National Government. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/ story?id=48605 www.nycclimatesummit.com/casestudies/energy/energy_rizhao.htm www.worldchanging.com/archives/007060.htm




Seoul


Korea

Title of initiative

Green Trust Movement

Main sector

CO2 reduction

Origin of funding

—


On-going

Objectives

Increase green areas and city’s trees

Project description To protect its limited green areas, the City of Seoul created the Seoul Green Trust Movement. The goals of the Movement include establishing at least one park in each ward of the city, establishing green roofs in major buildings such as hospitals and apartment complexes, having each citizen plant a tree to support greening initiatives, purchasing of approximately 3.3 square meters of green space per house hold and contributing funds to build up to six ecological parks in Seoul. The Seoul Green Trust Movement also partners with public and private organisations, and cooperates with the National Movement for Forests for Life. Results During 2004, a total of 21,800 trees including pines and oaks were planted on the 19,836 square meter land reserved for the establishment of Seoul Forest. Moreover, a sum of 745, 9 million Won was collected for Seoul Forest. Replicability Policies and actions in favour of green areas and planting of trees are generally replicable in smaller communities. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/initiatives/inti_06trust.htm


45



Singapore


China

Title of initiative

Sustainable Water Management

Main sector

Water management

Origin of funding

—


On-going

Objectives

Turning water from a scarce resource into a multi-million dollar industry

Project description Innovative policies, technologies and engineering solutions in a strategy called the “Four National Taps” has helped the national water agency, PUB, to achieve important target of sustainable and diversified supplies of water in Singapore. “Four National Taps” refers to water from four sources: local catchment areas, imported water, reclaimed water and desalinated Water. To make full use of each drop of water, some of the main initiative carried out by the City are the following: Marina Barrage: The Marina Barrage, officially launched in October, marks the creation of Singapore’s 15th reservoir. In addition to shoring up the country’s water supply and acting as a flood defence, Marina Barrage will act as new lifestyle attraction creating a greater affinity with the water. Programmes on Water Conservation: Programmes to encourage water conservation, for example, has managed to reduce water consumption in Singapore households from 165 litres a day per capita in 2003, to 158 litres now. Friends of Water: Organizations and individuals are encouraged to adopt the island’s water-bodies and become Friends of Water. . PURE: PURE has been introduced to interest young people in water issues. ABC Waters programme: Another initiative, known as the Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters programme, hopes to bring people even closer to the water by transforming drains, canals and reservoirs into streams, rivers and lakes. Results The water reclamation programme, which uses advanced membrane technologies involving microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection, to recycle used water, has been particularly successful. Being 100 per cent sewered, Singapore is able to collect all its used water and turn it into a high grade brand of reclaimed water called NEWater, possessing World Health Organisation standards for drinking water. Most of it is used for industrial and air-cooling purposes, but a small percentage is mixed with reservoir water before being treated for the drinking water supply. The country’s four NEWater plants already meet 15 percent of its water needs. With a fifth plant in the pipeline, the plan is to raise this to 30 per cent by 2010. The other technological triumph has been with desalination. After extensive research and feasibility studies, Singapore opened its first desalination plant two years ago. Replicability Some of the initiative provided by the very ambitious Singapore programs could be replicated, on a smaller scale, in European Municipalities. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://www.urbanicity.org/Site/Articles/Singapore.aspx http://www.pub.gov.sg/LongTermWaterPlans/gwtf.html




Stary Targ


Pomeranian Region in Sztum Country, Poland

Title of initiative

Straw fuelled district heating - “Nothing is thrown away”

Main sector


Origin of funding

European Found. This project is co-funded by the Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI) through the Intelligent Energy Europe (IE) programme


On-going

Objectives

Reduction of emission of air pollutants (SO2 reduced 100%, CO2 reduced 100%, dusts reduced 76%, NOX reduced 57%), reduces GHG emissions from burning brown coal by 100%, reduces environmental acidification from burning brown coal and useful consumption of straw which was a waste product

Project description This case study reviews one small refurbished district heating scheme in the village of Stary Targ, Poland, where an old coal-fired central boiler and ten small residential coal-fired boilers were replaced by 1.9 kilometres (km) of new heat distribution network and a new central boiler house equipped with three straw-fired boilers of total capacity 2 megawatt (MW). Results Refurbishing local district heating boilers and associated heat distribution networks can achieve large energy efficiency gains, reductions of greenhouse gas emissions, and improved local air quality. Large quantities of widely distributed potential biomass resources are available to facilitate local conversion solutions. Replicability This project should be easily replicated and the changes will provide new economic returns for local farmers. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

—


47



Stockholm


Sweden

Title of initiative

Hammarby Sjöstad

Main sector

Urban planning

Origin of funding

—


Completed

Objectives

—

Project description The ideas behind the project was to provide comfortable living with a good view of the lake, plenty of light, beautiful natural area (green spaces, parks, and water), good transport connections and a location close to the Stockholm city centre, in a new residential district, Most special aspect of the project, however, is it’s sharp focus on the environment. In brief, mminimum consumption of resources, reduced energy consumption and increase energy use, reduced transport needs, generation of knowledge, experience and technology for sustainable development, use of renewable or recyclable building materials, are the key goals of Hammarby Sjöstad’s environmental program. The plan involved an area of about 250 ha between Skanstull and Danvikstull and concerned both areas north and south of the Hammarby lake. A new city for 25.000 citizens had to be build. This meant the planning of around 8500 apartments as well as a stunning 350.000 m2 for commercial use (although some sources mention 250.000 m2 for commercial use). The plan kicked off in the 1995 and should be realized in 2012. (Expected) Results The overall environmental goal is that the impact placed on the environment by emissions from Hammarby Sjöstad shall be a massive 50% lower than the corresponding level for newly constructed housing areas dating from the early 1990sin Stockholm. Land usage: sanitary redevelopment, reuse and transformation of old brownfield sites into attractive residential areas with beautiful parks and green public spaces. Energy: renewable fuels, biogas products and reuse of waste heat coupled with efficient energy consumption in buildings. Water & sewage: as clean and efficient as possible - both input and output – with the aid of new technology for water saving and sewage treatment. Waste: thoroughly sorted in practical systems, with material and energy recycling maximized wherever possible. Transportation: fast, attractive public transport combined with car pools and beautiful cycle paths, in order to reduce private car usage. Building materials: healthy, dry and environmentally sound. Replicability Replicability appears to be high. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://www.hammarbysjostad.se/




St. Ottilien


Germany

Title of initiative

Energy efficiency in Abbey St. Ottilien

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

Bank loans, Bavarian Ministry for Economy and the Bavarian Environmental Agency for CO2 reduction, with the measurement and concept prepared by the Research Centre for Energy Economics (EE).


Completed

Objectives

Reduce energy costs

Project description For reasons of social and environmental responsibility, as well as due to increasing energy costs, St. Ottilien decided to reconsider the energy sector referring to the demand side management and heat and electricity supply. Therefore, it carried out a programme of insulation and installed a highly efficient district heating system serving 45 buildings including a school and the monastery itself. The main steps involved in the project In the period from October 2007 to September 2008 were the following: analysis of the building stock and its condition, thermography, energy-efficient renovation by thermal insulation and change of windows; measurement and optimization of the heating system and steam generation; installation of a centralized heat supply including two pellet boilers; CHP-heatproduction by biogas and heat utilization of up to 90 % (nearly 100 % of power supply of the monastery by the biomass CHP-plant). All the three installed heating complexes run by heating oil, located in the school, the monastery and in the retreat centre, were connected by a heating network connected to two pellet boilers. By then, about 80% of the total energy demand of 2009 was able to be generated by woodchips. Finally, a biogas plant (250 kW electrical) was installed in Nov. 2010. Results In 2007, St. Ottilien had yearly CO2 emissions of 2,500 tons, in 2009 only about 500 tons were produced and in 2010, after the start-up of the biogas plant, 250 tons per year are expected. Due to continuous refurbishment action, the energy demand will continue to decrease and less oil will be needed for peaks, which means that CO2 emissions will be nearly at 0 % in 2020. An amount of 2 million kWh of electricity yearly is expected to be generated by the biogas plant, approximately 150 % of the yearly needed electricity. The compensation for electricity fed into the grid produced by a combined heat and power plant will be 23 €cent per kWh. Replicability This project can be used as a base concept for other villages which have to supply several buildings, partly under monumental protection. More information Contact person

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wolfgang Mauch Address: Am Blütenanger – [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.ffe.de/die-themen/gebaeude-und-geraete/ 272-co2-verminderung-in-st-ottilien


49



Taiz


Jemen

Title of initiative

Biofuel stoves

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

RES found of IRENA


Completed

Objectives

Prior to Bio-digesters convert organic wastes into a nutrient rich liquid fertilizer and biogas

Project description Biogas stoves work in a similar manner to LPG stoves. The main difference is that the gas used to power these stoves comes directly from a nearby biodigester. The biodigester produces biogas (mostly methane) which is transported through pipes to the actual stove. As this system uses the pressure from the fermentation chamber to force the gas from its reservoir at the biodigester to the kitchen stove, no gas cylinder is needed. Results To convert the greenhouse gas methane into less harmful carbon dioxide and water during the burning process. Furthermore, biogas generation yields a by-product (slurry), which is a very effective fertilizer for crops. Replicability Biogas is relatively cheap and more effective than biomass fuel. No LPG cylinder is required and raw materials for production of biogas are readily available (most likely at no additional cost). The salchicha model is relatively low cost (around US$300), and given the relative simplicity of its parts can be produced locally. If well maintained, the biodigester does not produce any bad odors. The system produces a very effective fertilizer at the end of the process. More information Contact person

Taiz Municipality

Web-site

http://www.energia.org/fileadmin/files/media/factsheets/factsheet_




Thungsong


Thailand

Title of initiative

Making Organic Fertilizer and Liquid Detergent

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

—


Completed

Objectives

Reducing CO2 making Organic Fertilizer and Liquid Detergent from wastes

Project description The Municipality of Thungsong has identified and implemented measures aimed at not only managing their waste sustainably to reduce local GHG emissions level, but also to benefit from the economic possibilities. So in this context, apart from establishing a Materials Recovery Facility, the municipality has also initiated successfully hazardous waste management (i.e. coating of Para rubber of dangerous waste before storage), organic fertilizer production from household sewage and livestock manure, and organic fertilizer and liquid detergent production from market waste. Organic wastes collected from the fresh market stall owners are grounded, mixed with molasses and composted for 10-20 days. This produces 3,000 litres of liquid detergent and 1,000 kg of ground fertilizer every month thus providing the municipality with an estimated annual income of US $1,200 from the sale of these products. Results The carbon offsets from the organic fertilizer production is estimated at 29 tonnes of equivalent CO2. The organic fertilizer replaces unhealthy chemical fertilizers, and the detergent produced is used to clean the market floor. This practice is sustained entails multiple and innovative community incentives. Replicability This is a micro-initiative that could be replicated in small communities, especially in which the agriculture is well developed, without the need of high investments. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

https://www.iclei.org/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/SEA/ CCP_Projects/Tungsong.pdf


51



Weyauwega


Southern Waupaca County, Wisconsin, USA

Title of initiative

This project type is farm-scaled. The farm is a dairy and installed a biogas plant that uses the farm’s manure to produce power and heat in a combined way through a cogenerator.

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

—


Completed

Objectives

Reducing the dependence on petroleum products for energy production. Selling electricity to an electric company, using heat for the farm’s buildings and manure from a bioenergy point of view

Project description The digester, designed by GHD, Inc. is a U-shaped mixed plug-flow system with biogas induced mixing. It uses return of activated sludge, operates in the mesophilic temperature range and has a design hydraulic retention time of about 22 days. The digester was built in 2004-05 and became operational in 2005. Biogas produced by the digester is sent through a condensate trap and chiller to remove moisture. It is then sent to a Caterpillar 300 kW turbo-charged engine generator set. Heat is recovered and used to heat the digester, two milking parlours, and the engine generator set building, the shop and the house. Electricity is sold to “We Energies” under a sell-all contract. The dairy produces about 133 tons of digested solids per week and use about 100 tons on the farm. Excess solids are sold to other dairies for bedding and to area gardening businesses. Results The livestock farming is able to recover and employ its manure and evaluate it from a bioenergy point of view. The installation of the biogas plant permits to have a diversified source of income and improve the environmental sustainability related to manure management. The project permits to reduce the dependence on petroleum products for energy production, savings on bedding costs and generate revenues from the sale of excess solids to other dairies or gardening businesses. Replicability This energy system pattern is easily replicable in small communities and small towns. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://www.epa.gov/agstar/projects/profiles/quantumdairy.html


Survey on Small Communities of Adriatic Area


In this paragraph there are presented the description of numerous initiatives and a number of energy saving good practices realized by the potential partner participating in the project and their assessment for possible replicability, at other places of interest with more or less 10000 inhabitants. To promote integrate initiatives in the theme of sustainability, improve energy efficiency in the building, refurbishment of buildings, organized waste management, integrated energy planning appropriate


for island, sustainable and integrated biodiesel production from energy crops, intelligent electricity distribution network through introduction of a smart grid, production of electrical energy through mini and micro plants, are some of the important issues that have been addressed through various case studies completed through successful implementation of various good practices undertaken by communities in the ALTERENERGY partnership territories.



Brda


Slovenia

Title of initiative

MARIE project

Main sector


Origin of funding

MED programme


On-going

Objectives

Municipal building energy refurbishment and introduction of third party financing mechanism

Project description The goal is to increase demand for energy efficient refurbishment of buildings of the Mediterranean territory by creating sustainable and long-term financing mechanisms for energy conservation investments in buildings. The strategic vision of MARIE is to establish the technical, economic and social fundamentals for energy efficiency improvement in the Mediterranean Buildings Stock in the framework of the EU policies, programs and standards, overcoming the main market, institutional and financial barriers and creating sustainable development opportunities in the MED region. MARIE includes pilot projects in order to test the most effective solutions developed during the project and demonstrate the achievement of the objectives described above. This activity will moreover contribute to the realisation of local energy action plan of municipality of Brda, in Dobrovo, as within the energy local concept is a scenario of development, for short – term (5 years) and long – term (10 years) period for Renewable energy sources and efficient energy use. In brief, to improve building actors’ energy related know-how at all stages of the building life cycle (design, construction, use, de-construction in order to facilitate the improvement of energy performance of the Mediterranean Buildings Stock in line with EU sustainable development and energy policy objectives) consolidate a solid business case for energy efficiency in buildings in the MED, coordinate and harmonise the implementation of EU buildings and energy related policy in the MED region, support local Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) in the development of a chain of added value and, finally, ensure external projection of the project , are the main task. The project will end in year 2014. Results Refurbishing of a type of building would become an excellent demonstration plant in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention and the relative level of the cost reduction. It is expected that the pilot activity will be the basis for the creation of investment programmes on energy efficiency improvement in buildings of the participating regions, based on the Third Party Financing (TPF) approach. These programmes are expected to have an important contribution in increasing the demand for energy efficient refurbishment of buildings in the Mediterranean territory. Replicability The realization of the demonstrative pilot site will significantly increase the interest of other local and regional authorities to act in a similar way. Moreover the public buildings will become a model example in energy efficiency and green building. Best practice example and positive results of the pilot will definitely encourage the private buildings sector to act similarly in energy issues. More information Contact person

dr. Vanja Cencič, [email protected],

Web-site

http://www.marie-medstrategic.eu/


55



Caorle


Veneto Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Creation of a biofuel farm chain for production and internal use of pure vegetable oil for tractor engines

Main sector

Farm in a rural area

Origin of funding

Regional funds


Completed

Objectives

Production of pure vegetable oil to be used to fuel the engines of two tractors of the farm

Project description The main aim of this experimental activity in “Dossetto-Vallevecchia”, a farm with 400 acres of agricultural land and a tractor fleet of 13 machines, consist in creating a short and closed chain for the production and consumption of pure vegetable oil as biofuel for tractors. A complete system for the production and filtration of pure vegetable oil has been installed. The machine characterized by a complete automation processes and mechanism of electronic starter and management for constant monitoring of the process, has high efficiency and relatively simple management. The oil is extracted with cold mechanical pressing, without using chemical solvents. The working capacity is about 120 kg of seed/hour; the oil yield is about 37-40%. The machine produces about 40 kg of pure vegetable oil/hour (1/3 of the initial weight of the seed) and about 80 kg of a co product (2/3 of the initial weight of the seed). The machine uses rapeseed produced by the farm agricultural land (yield seed of 3 tons/hectare). The pure vegetable oil is used to fuel no. 2 tractors business (Fendt 820 Vario Greentec and Lamborghini Victory Plus 230). Replacement of a fossil fuel with a biofuel produced from renewable energy sources; reduction in farm spending to purchase fossil fuel, respect for the environment, production of a coproduct rich in protein and use of a local energy source, are many advantages resulting from this chain. Results The creation of the farm chain offers new economic opportunities related to renewable energy production. Compared to other fuels (diesel, biodiesel), pure vegetable oil can be produced directly from a single farm or medium-big size or from a certain number of associated farms. The production process of PVO is simple and does not necessarily entail an industrial organization; the product can thus become a local energy source. Using vegetable oil as fuel is environmentally friendly. Being a biodegradable fuel made from renewable resources, it reduces and improves air emissions. The sale of the expeller cake for feeding livestock is an important economic source that supplements the farm income. Replicability The activation of this bio-energy chain can be an interesting and virtuous use of pure vegetable oil (nonfood chain, feeding the engines of tractors) and the protein expeller co-produced (food industry, feeding livestock).This pattern of bioenergy chain can be easily replicated in all provinces of study in medium-large farms or in cooperatives of many farms associated together. More information Contact person

Lorenzo Furlan - Veneto Agricoltura [email protected]

Web-site

www.venetoagricoltura.org




Čapljina


Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina / BiH

Title of initiative

Solar Irrigation

Main sector

Renewable sources of energy - Solar energy

Origin of funding

IPA CBC ALTERENERGY Project


Planned

Objectives

Implementation of pilot (demonstration) project

Project description The project focused on the use of RES in small communities will show the best way how solar energy can be used effectively and efficiently to resolve problem of liquid water required for irrigation, in the area of Čapljina municipality - Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the full implementation, the project includes drilling of wells, purchase of pump and PV plant of appropriate capacity to drive pump able to draw water from the ground. This water will be directed to the system for irrigation of nearby greenhouses. During periods when large amounts of water are not required (winter) electricity can be used for heating. Results Implementation of this project will mean a lot for this community, the largest in the region. It will provide the necessary amounts of water when it is most needed for agricultural production. Also, the implementation of this project will strengthen the vulnerable returnee population in this war cleared area. Replicability Successful implementation of the project will demonstrate the benefits of using RES by the agricultural communities in Herzegovina. Knowledge and experience could be transferred to another community in the region with expected level of replicability to be t very high. More information Contact person

Armin Djuliman; Alekse Santica BB, 88104 Mostar, BiH; [email protected]

Web-site

www.pz-dubrave.com


57



COKA


Serbia

Title of initiative

Improving Energy Efficiency in the Building of the Elementary School “Jovan Popović” in Coka

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

EU


Completed

Objectives

Activities related to EE and RES are directly related to the energy savings and environment protection and creation of so-called green jobs

Project description To increase energy efficiency and transition to more suitable energy sources with decreased energy costs, proper heating with higher comfort and sustainable green economy, are the main objective of the project from Coka Municipality – Serbia. The main actions to implement in order to achieve the abovementioned target are: replacement of “dirty fuels” with natural gas, automatic regulation of the system and increasing efficiency of the new boiler. Results Reducing energy consumption per m2 of heated surface by 16, 25%. Decrease in total CO2 emissions by 42, 7%. Reduce costs for energy consumption by 39,4%. In addition to energy and financial savings and improved environmental aspects, more relevant is the conditions and state of comfort in the building Replicability The contribution of the project on the sustainable green economy is reflected in the reduced heat losses, increased efficiency for heating and, finally, providing, adequate comfort and good working conditions in the building. More information Contact person

Dimitrije Lilić, PhD Ministry of energy, development and environmental protectionKralja Milana 36 – 11000 Belgrade, Serbia [email protected]

Web-site

Web: www.merz.gov.rs




Divača


Slovenia

Title of initiative

Construction of new low energy kintergarden

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

EKO fund subsidies


On-going

Objectives

New, bigger and energy efficient kindergartner

Project description A new and more efficient kindergarten wooden building, in Divača, aiming to reduce elevated energy costs and obtain a suitable, healthy living environment. Such a system allows for a fast construction of a new building, immediate move-in, and adjustability of building size and capacity to the customer’s requirements and needs as well as to the on-site set-up options. Due to the structural lightness, such construction is especially suitable for storey addition. The earthquake and fire safety of construction is only one of the many advantages that allows for such a school to be set up at more challenging locations. It guaranties healthy living environment and high energy efficiency. Apart from the eco-friendly production, wood emits no harmful substances, causes no allergies and regulates the humidity level in rooms and finally providing living comfort at as low as 18 – 20 °C. Room temperature decreased by one degree means 5-6 percent heating cost savings. This activity will moreover contribute to the realization of local energy action plan using renewable energy sources and efficient energy use at municipal level of municipality of Divača. Results The results are lower energy costs, healthy environment and wider surface area for growing number of children. Replicability This type of construction together with the installed technology can be replicated in whole IPA area and in the rest of EU area. More information Contact person

Edo Franetič, [email protected]

Web-site

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59



Durres and western municipalities


Tirana areas, Albania

Title of initiative

“Municipal energy efficiency planning; awareness raising and capacity building.”

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

Nordic Found (implementation company ENSI)


On-going

Objectives

The main objective of the program is to improve and increase the local capacities and skills on Energy. Auditing of Buildings

Project description Considering the fact that buildings in Albania constructed with little focus on energy efficiency and using electric energy for space heating, the main purpose of the project was focused to increase awareness of the energy efficiency potential in the Albanian building sector and municipal facilities, to increase the capacities and skills of local experts in development, financing and implementation of energy efficiency projects. In view of the fact that a radical change towards prioritizing energy efficiency in the building sector was needed, the project, launched in Albanian city of Durrës located on the central Albanian coast, about 33 km (21 mi) west of the capital Tiranais, focused its attention on capacity building for municipal energy experts performing Municipal Energy Efficiency Planning from participating municipalities. So, to reduce the energy consumption and costs, and to improve the indoor environment, it was necessary to renovate and implement energy efficiency measures in buildings. So, to achieve the objectives, ENSI consultant company and EEC assisted the experts from participating municipalities throughout the process of preparation of the full Municipal Energy Efficiency Plan (MEEP). through multi-session training and capacity building course based on transfer of know-how on MEEP preparation. Solutions for overcoming institutional and regulatory barriers for energy efficiency in municipalities and to enhance ability of the municipal energy experts to prepare high quality MEEP to be an effective tool for achieving future energy efficiency goals, have also been addressed. In parallel to the MEEP training process, EEC has performed Energy Audits on five of the proposed sites. USAID LGPA has cooperated with ENSI on the MEEP project activities Results Development of Municipal Energy Efficiency Plans in Municipalities of Durres, Lezha, Shengjin, Lushnje, approved and ready to be implemented by Municipal Councils, creation of well trained Energy specialist from municipalities in preparation of Municipal Energy Efficiency Plan and availability of guidelines and manuals for “Municipal Energy Efficiency Planning” are the main expected results. Replicability In view of the fact that the concept helps to accomplish the global goals of increasing EE, reduction of CO2 emission, reduction of poverty through creating job opportunities, in general, there is a large potential for development of similar projects both in Albania and other countries in the region. Projects like these can have a significant development component, especially in poor and underdeveloped local selfadministrations. The potential of implementation of both GHG reduction and EE projects in Kamza could be a good example for small or medium size DH plants in neighbouring countries. More information Contact person

National Agency of Natural Resources

Web-site

www.akbn.gov.al




Formigine


Emilia Romagna, Italy

Title of initiative

Bike-sharing service activation - “Centro in Bici”

Main sector

Sustainable mobility

Origin of funding

Local/regional funds


On-going

Objectives

Encourage the use of environmentally friendly mobility systems in the city centers, reduce air pollution and CO2 emissions

Project description To achieve its goal of reducing CO2 emissions by 48,564 tons/yr in 2020, Municipality of Formigine approved its Sustainable Energy Action Plan(SEAP) in October 2011 covering main areas such like bbuildings, public lighting and industry, renewable energy sources and distributed generation of energy, city planning. The initiatives of Formigine municipality relating to sustainable mobility are varied and mainly concern replacing the municipal vehicle fleet, economic incentives to private individuals for the use of low environmental impact fuels: economic incentives to private individual to purchasing electrical vehicles and development of cycling and walk ability. To promote the activation of bike-sharing service municipality of Formigine together with three other municipalities of the Ceramic District (Fiorano, Maranello and Sassuolo) jointed the project “Centro in bici”. Bike sharing is a service in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals. The central concept of these systems is to provide free or cheap access to bicycles for short-distance trips in an urban area as an alternative to motorized public transportation or private vehicles, thereby reducing traffic congestion, noise, and air pollution. The bikes can be used from 6.00 to 22.00 and may be closed during the use via an incorporated safety lock. The free bike rental service is set up of 64 local bicycle available in 14 strategic “rental points” located in Formigine, Fiorano, Maranello and Sassuolo. (Expected) Results Estimated energy savings of 14 MWh/yr, corresponding to annual CO2 saving of 4 tons. Replicability The replicability of the project is desirable in all local authorities who wish to support changes aimed at environmental sustainability in the citizen’s behavior. The bike sharing is popular for its easy replicability in many parts of the world. The largest systems in the world are in China, with several systems counting tens of thousands of bikes. Paris (20.000) and London (7.000) are the largest outside of China, although New York plans a large 10,000+ bike system. A plus would be the development of a bike-sharing service within an integrated program for the implementation of sustainable mobility systems. More information Contact person

Formigine Municipality, [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.formigine.mo.it/


61



Forni di Sopra


Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Energy self sufficiency

Main sector

Renewable energy, Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

EU structural funds, regional funds and municipality funding


Some projects are completed, others are undergoing. A tender is open for the new DH network

Objectives

Energy self sufficiency and to expand the DH network

Project description To expand the district heating network in order to make five public buildings energy self sufficient as well as optimization of the energy consumption of the public lighting through a remote control system which will be used also for video surveillance and WiFi network, are the main objectives. Installation of two more solar PV systems in public buildings to reach on-site electric self sufficiency for total 40.000 KWe has also been foreseen. All district heating networks use local forest biomass. (By-products of harvesting operations) supporting low GHG emissions short supply chain. Results Energy self sufficiency Replicability The proposed solutions can be transferred to other small communities in mountain areas as long as they have similar natural resources like forests and water. Also the same “model” can be applied to all small communities with a similar distribution of dwellings. More information Contact person

Ing. Nazareno Candotti [email protected]

Web-site

www.comune.fornidisopra.ud.it http://www.parcodolomitifriulane.it//ENG




Giuliano Teatino


Abruzzo Region, Italy

Title of initiative

New municipal school complex

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

Public


On-going

Objectives

construct a building with low energy requirements and sourced by renewable sources

Project description The concept behind the project was to construct a building with low energy requirements and fulfilling energy requirements using renewable sources (geothermal, solar thermal and photovoltaic). In addition, site selection, structure design, evaluation of technical equipment, are other important tasks to be undertaken in order to build a biocompatible house with minimal environmental impact. The easily disposable / reusable wooden structure consisting of several functional blocks connected to each other, was completed in a shorter time (-75%), at lower costs (-17.4%) and with environmental benefits. The primary energy requirements of the building will be fully covered by the planned production of electricity produced by the three photovoltaic systems - a total of about 32 kWp - and by the solar-thermal, which will be sufficient for winter heating, water production warm, the electrical loads (lighting, computers) and for the energy needs required by the cafeteria kitchen (electric oven and hotplate). Results Energy independent and “near-zero energy building Replicability Energetically, environmentally and economically sustainable this is an exemplary case of replication in small communities. More information Contact person

E-mail: [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.giulianoteatino.ch.it/hh/index.php


63



Igoumetitsa


Thesprotia/ Region of Epirus/Greece

Title of initiative

PV on roofs and Sun Life (SUN-LIFE)

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

PV on roofs: Private funding with the aid of financing products from banking institutions. Sun Life: The Project was implemented under the Programme INTERREG III A ITALY-GREECE, Priority 3, Measure 3.2 and 75% financed by the European Regional Development Fund and 25% from National Resources


PV on roofs: In progress Sun Life: Completed

Objectives

PV on roofs: Installations of small scale PV (10 kWp) on roofs of residential buildings or very small SMEs, In communities of the Thesprotia Regional Unit. Sun Life: The main objective of the project is to organize a series of events to raise public awareness and their increased involvement in connection with matters related to Renewable Energy (especially solar energy), Protect environment, human and cultural heritage, in the Epirus and Apulia Regions.

Project description PV on roofs: in the framework of Greece’s “PV on roofs” programme to meet its target of 2500 MWp of PV installed power (as foreseen) in its National Action Plan for Energy, the ultimate objective of this project is to promote the installations of a considerable number of small scale PV systems (up to 10 kWp installed power) on roofs of both residential and very small SMEs buildings in the Regional Unit of Thesprotia. In order to accomplish that a very attractive framework has been set. The main axes of this framework have to do with a relatively high feed-in tariff (0.55 €/kWh) which is combined with a simplified permitting process. So far only 50 systems have been realized with an average installed power equal to 8 kWp. On a country level, PV power production is increased. Small systems that facilitate distributed generation has increased the safety and power quality of low voltage networks. Finally these installations being in urban areas have increased public awareness on the use of PVs and RES technologies, in general. Sun Life: the project aimed at the Regional Unit of Thesprotia (region NUTS III), which is the northwest edge of the mainland and one of the regional units of the Region of Epirus. The main objectives of this action were to raise awareness and mobilize citizens on the issue of RES. The project consists of a series of events in the Region of Epirus, through which awareness and mobilizing actions were supported and strengthened. These actions are concerned with promotion of cultural heritage of the Epirus Region, scientific research aimed at solar energy and its applications, raising interest to use natural sources of energy for daily needs coverage. Protect the environment and the historical heritage and capacity building for integrated complex systems design or operations. Objective is to set up strong scientific group representing educational institutions involving professors and students in areas related with RES technologies to address beneficial effect of renewable energy concerning environment, conservation of monuments (with emphasis on Greek and Roman) and designing solar vehicles, are the strategic action of the project. And energy problems.



Results PV on roofs: many benefits are expected to be materialized both for the private investor and Regional unit with significant contribution to the national goals of PV installed power and produced energy. Moreover, it will help increase the public awareness in the PV sector, increase citizens income higher power quality due to distributed generation. Sun Life: to raise public awareness on issues, such as, the natural environment protection and preservation of monuments of cultural heritage using natural sunlight as an energy source, dissemination of historical and modern methods of using clean solar energy to meet the needs of everyday life, cross-border cooperation, teamwork and capacity building for integrated complex systems or operations, and sensitize the public on the issue of RES, are the main expected results. Replicability PV on roofs: the number of companies that can undertake such installations is growing steadily. The already installed systems are the best promotion of this Programme. Financing products from the banks have matured considerably. Nowadays they can cover up to 100% of the initial capital needed for such investments, when, at the same time the corresponding mortgage can apply to only the system and not on the whole building. This positive investment climate is expected to support these investments multiplication. Sun Life: the tools and strategies used to inform and sensitize the public can easily be used by “communities” of the Adriatic Sea and the Mediterranean, in general. More information Contact person

PV on roofs: Public Power Corporation - PPC office Igoumenitsa 2nd km of National Road Igoumenitsas-Ioanninon 46100 – Igoumenitsa Sun Life: Helen Kalampoka, [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=541&language=el-GR http://www.epirus.gov.gr/2009/programs/interreg/sunlife/index.html


65



Ioannina


Municipality of Ioannina / Epirus Region / Greece

Title of initiative

BIOSIS Project: Energy Crops & Biodiesel Production

Main sector

Transport

Origin of funding

INTERREG III A – Greece / Italy


On-going

Objectives

To develop sustainable and integrated biodiesel production from energy crops using innovative technologies (biological energy crops, biotechnological methods of producing biodiesel) while exploiting coproducts produced and supporting environmental protection in the regions of Western Greece, Epirus and Apulia, Italy.

Project description The project implemented by the “Ioannina Community” (Municipality of Ioannina), in Greece, is related to the development of a full scale biofuel pilot plant, the project is implemented in coordinated actions related to the development of innovative technologies and their adaptation to the particularities of the regions involved, aiming in the development of a full scale biofuel pilot plant, producing a comprehensive financial study in order to illustrate the viability of the proposed business, promoting the education on biofuels production and in the dissemination / display of results and awareness raising of the general public about the multiple benefits of the new technologies. These actions will provide the opportunity for involved regional higher education institutions and research centers to acquire the necessary expertise and infrastructure needed to build cutting-edge technologies, which are a key prerequisite for ensuring the future competitiveness of regional businesses and the wider economic and social improvement of the area. So, in brief, developing innovative technologies, adaptation of technologies to the particularities of the regions involved, preparation of a full financial study to illustrate the viability of the proposed business together with staff training and dissemination / display of results and rising awareness of the general public about the multiple benefits of new technology are the specified project objective. Results The development of the required expertise and infrastructure by the regional universities and research centers (to acquire knowhow for further development of advanced technology, prerequisite for ensuring the future competitiveness of regional businesses and the wider economic and social reconstruction of the regions), reduction of energy dependence on imported oil, both on regional and national levels, strengthening of the agricultural sector and protection of the environment, are the expected project results. Replicability Considering the climatic and soil conditions in the Adriatic and the Mediterranean to be comparable, the possibility for multiplication of the project in other areas, is quite high. Studies carried out can provide guidance for cultivation of energy crops Also, to develop integrated biodiesel production approaches, small modifications could be used both by individuals and governments to develop business and strategic plan. More information Contact person

Epirus Region [email protected]

Web-site

www.epirusbiosis.gr




Isernia


Molise Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Project Isernia

Main sector

Electricity distribution (Smart grid)

Origin of funding

National


On-going

Objectives

Achievement of an “intelligent” electricity distribution network

Project description In the framework of municipality of Isernia Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP), for the first time, ENEL, the main Italian energy provider, introduces a “Smart grid” to improve the distribution of electricity. A smart grid is an intelligent electricity distribution network that uses two-way communications, advanced sensors, control and high technology systems. It may support to reduce customers’ energy use. It allows distributing conventional and renewable power in a more efficiently reliably, safely and economically way. It is understood that the “Project Isernia” with an estimated cost of about 7 million of Euros and financed by the National Authority for Electricity and Gas, will strengthens the strategy of achieving energy and environmental goals with power generation using renewable energy sources and their integration into the distribution network. Finally, it’s planned to build an infrastructure for recharging a group of five electric vehicles, integrated with a photovoltaic plant and with a multifunctional storage. Results The Smart grids with growing opportunity for innovation and development of technologies and products. Thus giving possibility to operate an electrical network more efficiently and reliably, to stabilize and control the energy flows, avoid the risks resulting from a sudden breakdown, reduce gas emissions and economic advantages, will play an important role. Replicability The “Project Isernia” is a pilot project; the first in Italy. In the near future, it’s expected a large diffusion of the smart grid electricity distribution network, owing especially to the amount of the renewably electrical energy quote. One of the most immediate applications of “intelligent” networks is, in fact, the inclusion in the network of renewably energy, thus contributing to the achievement of UE’s environmental objectives. Moreover, the development of innovative digital technologies will allow the constant monitoring of the network, to promptly intervene to fix breakdowns, ensuring optimum supply of electricity More information Contact person

Enel distribuzione, Casella postale 5555 Potenza - Italy.

Web-site

http://www.enel.com/it-IT/innovation/smart_grids/index.aspx http://www.enel.it/it-IT/reti/enel_distribuzione/qualita/progetti_smart_ grids/isernia.aspx


67



Island of Brač


Split and Dalmatia Country, Croatia

Title of initiative

EASY – Energy Actions and Systems for Mediterranean Local Communities - Intelligent Energy Europe

Main sector

Energy planning

Origin of funding

EU and Split and Dalmatia County


Completed

Objectives

Development of the method for integrated energy planning appropriate for local-based energy systems, particularly for island.

Project description Energy issues are of particular importance for islands and coastal areas because they are faced with growing economy and energy needs, inadequate energy supply and other related problems. The Island of Brač is the case where wide variety of supply form old and new conventional and renewable energy sources, energy efficiency measures and DSM needs to be balanced and optimized. Energy system development on the island of Brač requires first detailed energy demand forecast. Energy system development on island of Brač is defined in the framework of four energy scenarios. They are based on the simulation of possibility of gas distribution network development and introduction of the energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources into energy structure mix: building isolation, solar heaters, biomass. All scenarios are evaluated technically and financially and describe not only the overall energy system development of island of Brač, but spatial development of particular areas like municipalities and size whose size is less than 1000 inhabitants. On energy database and related analysis along with expected changes of crucial parameters in energy planning process, future end use energy demands are calculated. The aim of the project is to put in place a long-term energy strategy, including an action plan, with a clear focus on practical implementation of energy measures and activities on the islands. Results Gasification project creates the new moments creating the need for new development plans. National and regional energy development strategy providing support to the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency measures can help overview their possibilities and potentials. Importance of local communities on the island and regional authorities inclusion in the energy planning process Introductions of solar heaters in both household and service sector, improved thermal isolation of old houses and situation concerning demand for fuel wood are Some measures and actions that can be expected. Replicability Replicability of the project is predicted through development of the concrete institutional framework for the energy planning and management on islands and in small communities on the islands. Raising the level of institutional capacity for managing sustainable development of islands is one of key requirements that are resulting from project results. More information Contact person

Alenka Kinderman Lončarević

Web-site

www.easyactions.eu; http://www.easyaction.eu/images/EASY_ PLAN/localeasy_islandofbrac_eng.pdf




Island of Hvar


Split and Dalmatia Country, Croatia

Title of initiative

SOLUTION – Sustainable Oriented and Long-lasting Unique Team for energy self sufficient communities

Main sector

Energy planning

Origin of funding

EU and Split and Dalmatia County


On-going

Objectives

Promotion of renewable energy sources

Project description In the framework of promotion of RES and EE measures, the project SOLUTION aims the energy selfsufficiency on communities. Taking into account the various frame conditions, level of development, awareness or experience in energy domain, a concept share by every community allows the exchange of experiences, advises and expertise. The important topics that need to be considered are: energy saving through energy efficiency measures, use of renewable energy, conversion and valorisation of free energy (sun or wind) or residues, local climate parameters (heating degree days, solar irradiation) and mix of several resources, possible storages and load management, energy management. Beside above-mentioned “scientific” criteria, local, regional and national frame conditions must be integrated in the concept. From a regional economical point of view, valorisation of abundant and cheap local resources is an opportunity. Moreover, the energy “converter” (from primary energy into heat/electricity) must ideally be regional clean tech (or being integrated into a regional/national effort for developing this particular clean tech). Site supporting opportunities must be integrated in the decision process as well as possible niche financing. This general concept as well as the local definitions of the concept has to be discussed in the frame of the coming Management meeting in Austria. Results Such sustainable approach will be achieved by implementation of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic plants and solar thermal modules. The most expensive energy is the energy for covering peak loads which will be greatly reduced with applying before mentioned principles, especially in the summer period. In order to increase security of supply on the island, implementation of Compressed Air Energy Storage units is foreseen. Such systems will be used with in combination photovoltaic installations. Energy production from biomass is planned on the island (biomass incineration or biogas production). Such plant would represent a demonstration project which can be applied on other islands/communities. Compressed Air Energy Storage units, buildings refurbishment and optimization of energy consumption (building energy losses and energy management) will ensure more effective integration of supply and demand side, but also contribute to optimization of electricity grid. The experience of the partners’ communities will contribute to Concerto Solution Hvar success. Replicability The proposal is quite good and has potential to be replicated at other places. More information Contact person

Alenka Kinderman Lončarević

Web-site

http://www.solution-concerto.org/communautes/hvar/


69



Ivanjica


Moravicki region, Serbia

Title of initiative

Replacement of two fuel oil boilers with biomass boilers and reconstruction of the boiler house in the Elementary School “Mico Matovic” in Katici

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Contracted work was 56,795 Euros, of which 42,000 Euros (74%) was donation of European Agency for Reconstruction Project was implemented by SEEA


Completed

Objectives

Replacement of two fuel oil boilers with biomass boilers in small elementary school in village Kati

Project Description The project implemented in small elementary school “Mico Matovic” in village Katici, is an excellent example of good practice for effective and efficient use of local natural resource and renewable energy. Biomass is most important renewable energy source in Serbia and it is traditionally wide used, mostly in private rural houses. This project is wonderful example of good practice how could be high efficiency biomass technology used for public building heating. Results Using biomass, school saves about 4,000 €/year for heating and about 30 tons of CO2 emission Annually. The results of the project are continuously monitored and analysed. It is source of significant practical information for development of the biomass policy. Replicability People in area of Ivanjica traditionally have great experience in wood industry and biomass heating. This project share knowledge about technical possibilities for efficiency biomass use and importance of sustainable development. More information Contact person

Rastislav Kragic, NRES Advisor Serbian Energy Efficiency Agency [email protected]

Web-site

www.seea.gov.rs




Kamza



Title of initiative

Promotion of Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency

Main sector


Origin of funding

KfW found


Completed

Objectives

Introduction of energy efficiency measures at Kamza kindergarten, in Kamza, Albania

Project description In the framework of Albanian National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) on energy end-use efficiency and energy services, focused for the implementation of energy efficiency policy in all sub-sectors of the energy sector for generation/production/import, transmission/transport, distribution and end-use for all energy commodities, intervention was done in Kamza City is located about 10 km, NW from Tirana. Kamza kindergarten uses electricity for space heating, through electric radiators and LPG stoves. In order to examine the existing energy systems, operating in the kindergarten, the consultant team had visited the site, during the winter period. Short energy audits and measurements over all building space were performed during different time periods. Investigation on Operating “heating” system and collection of data on energy consumption of different energy commodities (hot water demand, Lighting) was performed, as well. Based upon the information collected, it was decided that one of the most important measures for EE, which need to be taken in this kindergarten, was a complete refurbishment of the outside walls and terrace, replacement of external thermal insulation, changing all windows and doors with new and more energy efficient ones. Results To promote EE potentials, assist in the procurement, supervision and acceptance of different EE constructions and/or installations, train PEA and other institutions’ personnel for assessment of investments and operation, assist the Program Executing Agency (PEA) in building up a pipeline of EE projects and, finally, assist potential investors in defining EE investment projects taking into consideration technical, environmental, social, socio-economic and financial aspects, establish various project documents, are the main expected results. Replicability This concept, helping to accomplish the global goals of increased EE, reduction of CO2 emission and job creating opportunities, has large potential for development of similar projects both in Albania and other countries in the region. .The project could be a good example for conversion of heating technologies in similar small or medium size DH plants in neighbouring countries. More information Contact person


Web-site

www.akbn.gov.al


71



Kastav


Primorje-Gorski Kotar County, Croatia

Title of initiative

Co financing of solar thermal collectors

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

County’s and City’s budget


Realized/On-going

Objectives

Increasing the use of RES for heating and hot water

Baseline description As one of the signatories of the Covenant of Mayors, City of Kastav is obliged to develop Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP), implementing RES/EE projects in public and private sectors. The City will adopt its SEAP in the year 2012, but is already implementing RES and EE projects. In order both to increase the use of RES for heating and hot water in households and stimulate development of SME, the city has decided to give subsidies for installation of solar thermal collectors and biomass heating systems for households. In addition, the project encourages commercial banks to provide special “green” credit lines in order to facilitate the installation of such systems. The project is implemented by a tender on whom citizens apply by submitting the required necessary documentation. A questionnaire is part of the documentation, with several sets of demands on the building, joinery, method of heating and hot water preparing. The selected households are given subsidies for installing RES systems in their homes. Results 139 households have been subsidized by the project in a two year period in the County. Replicability The project is replicable in every municipality willing to join the project and reserve a budget for subsidies. This initiative is considered to have great impact on increasing RES since it is oriented on citizens and it also helps to increase the awareness on the need of using RES for achieving sustainable energy development. More information Contact person

-

Web-site

http://www.kastav.hr/Application/Kastav/Default.aspx?ArtID= be4ef2fd345c




Kavaja



Title of initiative

“Promotion of Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency”

Main sector


Origin of funding

Kiwi fund


Completed in 2011

Objectives

The Program’s purpose is to contribute to an improvement/extension of energy supply offered, strengthened grid stability, reduced system losses. This shall contribute to the protection of the climate and the environment by way of environmentally friendly and efficient generation and use of energy.

Project description In the framework of Albanian National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) on energy end-use efficiency and energy services, focused for the implementation of energy efficiency policy in all energy subsectors (generation/production/import, transmission/transport, distribution and end-use for all energy commodities), a feasibility study has been performed in Kavaja City, located 65 km south west from Tirana. This feasibility study, financed by KfW (under the German Financial Cooperation with Albania Program “Promotion of Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency”) and conducted jointly by EXERGIA S.A. and AKBN Working Group, has been focused predominantly on the energy efficiency measures in a building located at Kavaja kindergarten, in Kavaja City, Albania. Analysis is based on analytical calculations according to the Greek Standards using professional Building Design Model “FINE. Results To promote EE potentials, assist in the procurement, supervision and acceptance of different EE constructions and/or installations, train PEA and other institutions’ personnel for assessment of investments and operation, assist the Program Executing Agency (PEA) in building up a pipeline of EE projects and, finally, assist potential investors in defining EE investment projects taking into consideration technical, environmental, social, socio-economic and financial aspects, establish various project documents, are the main expected results. Replicability This concept, helping to accomplish the global goals of increased EE, reduction of CO2 emission and job creating opportunities has large potential for development of similar projects both in Albania and other countries in the region. The project could be a good example for conversion of heating technologies in similar small or medium size DH plants in neighbouring countries. More information Contact person


Web-site

www.akbn.gov.al


73


Project identification Name of municipality

Konavle


Dubrovnik Neretva Region / Croatia

Title of initiative

Instalation of solar collectors in households of Konavle

Main sector

RES/RUE

Origin of funding

Fund for Environmental Protection and energy Efficiency


Completed

Objectives

To introduce usage of RES in households, to reduce carbon emission, to promote sustainable growth

Baseline description Municipality of Konavle is southernmost area of the region and Croatia on a border with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. Its population is around 8.300 inhabitants living in 32 settlements out of which Cavtat is economy and administrative centre numbering more than 2.100 inhabitants. The main economy sector is agriculture, tourism and transport. The municipality is mostly rural partly mountain and partly lowland and coastal area. Agriculture is traditional way of living while in last decades it also serves to development of tourist offer (both coastal and rural). Konavle is also location of Dubrovnik airport, the only one in the Region and the main passenger transportation to touristic destination of Dubrovnik (+ Konavle, Župa, Korčula, Pelješac, etc.). Recent years Dubrovnik airport counts records of more than 1,2 million passengers per year and became important strategic infrastructure. Municipality of Konalve has huge potentials of exploitation of solar energy and wind energy. Due to slow administrative procedures and limited quota regulated for production of electricity, wind farm planned to be installed on the hills of Konavle is not yet in the function. On the other hand, more than 90% of facilities in the municipality are family houses and that was the starting point for building a plan to promote solar energy usage by giving the incentives to the small (mostly family) projects. The strategy is to maximize usage of RES and RUE in the Municipality in order to become sustainable society. Municipality officials recognize the need to use available resources and available facilities (in this case family houses) to achieve targeted goal, while at the same time to promote sustainable way of living among the inhabitants and to promote Konavle as ‘green’ area for being. Project description The project was set to boost out usage of solar energy by installing solar panels. Konavle apply for the Call for proposals of national Fund for Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency with the project which will distribute ‘energy vouchers’ to owners of facilities ready to install solar panels for water heating on their roofs. ‘Energy vouchers’ was worth of up to 45 % of investment and not more than € 2.000 per voucher. Municipality of Konavle also provided its final beneficiaries technical assistance throughout the whole project imaplementation. Results The project aimed to target at least 19 households, and it ends supporting in total 22 households with installation of solar panels for water heating. (Total number production/savings/amounts are not available)



Replicability The project is highly replicable due to fact that the stated Call for proposals is (usually) opened on a yearly basis giving the opportunity to the municipalities to apply to available funds. The technology used and the trends of using RES/RUE are long term investments and therefore it is planned that the results of the project will be measurable and action sustainable. More information Contact person

Zvonko Čuljat, E-mail: [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.opcinakonavle.hr/index.php?option=com_content&view= article&id=381%3Apoticanje-koritenja-obnovljivih-izvora-energije-kodfizikih-osoba-u-opini-konavle-za-2012-godinu&catid=38%3Aobavijesti&Itemid=54


75



Krk



Title of initiative

Installing PV panels on a public building roof

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

City’s budget


On-going

Objectives

Increasing the use of RES for producing electric energy

Project description The City of Krk, committed to improve energy efficiency and sustainable energy resources at the local and regional level, is the initiator of a project called “Island of Krk - the first Croatian island with zero emission of greenhouse gases”. Also, city of Krk as one of the signatories of the Covenant of Mayors is obliged to develop Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP), implementing RES/EE projects in public and private sectors. The city will adopt its SEAP in the year 2012, but is already implementing RES and EE projects, either on its own or in cooperation with the, like the Green energy in my home project. In order to achieve a higher level of energy sustainability the initiative of installing a photovoltaic system of 30 kW capacity should be a good example and incentive to other investors in renewable energy sources to install similar systems on their roofs, by giving guidelines for the administrative procedure. Implementation of this project will enable the City of Krk to obtain all the necessary authorizations to install PV modules and become eligible producer of electric energy. The added value of this initiative is to achieve a simplification and a general start point in the procedure, that will be a certain guideline helping to widespread the RES usage and be a reference point in the community. Results Increased interest in RES usage will boost market demand thus putting pressure to adapt the legislation and further simplify the entire procedure of obtaining the status of eligible produces of electric energy from RES. Replicability The initiative is replicable in any sustainable project producing electric energy in any small community. The effort put in the initiative will result in its replicability by developing a model procedure to follow regardless of whether the investor is a citizen, a company or a local government. More information Contact person

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Web-site

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Labin


Istria County, Croatia

Title of initiative

Electric vehicle charging station - Labin

Main sector

Transport

Origin of funding

HEP & RWE


Completed

Objectives

Inspire local people for buying electric or hybrid car Attract tourists who own electric or hybrid car

Project description An electric vehicle charging station, also called EV charging station, electric recharging point and EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment), are the elements of an infrastructure that supplies electric energy for the recharging of electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric-gasoline vehicles or semi-static and mobile electrical units such as exhibition stands. As hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicle ownership is expanding, to meet growing demand for widely distributed publicly accessible power points and support faster charging at higher voltages and currents than are available from domestic supplies, an Electric vehicle charging stations has been installed in Labin (Italian: Albona). EV charging station installed by HEP in cooperation with public authorities and RWE will certainly stimulate the market for vehicle that use alternative fuels to gasoline & diesel fuels. Results To inspire local people for buying electric or hybrid car, and also attract tourists who own electric or hybrid car to come on holidays in Labin. A charging station is usually accessible to multiple electric vehicle owners and has additional current or connection sensing mechanisms to disconnect the power when the electric vehicle is not actually charging. Replicability EV Charging stations may not need much new infrastructure. The stations can leverage the existing ubiquitous electrical grid and home recharging is an option. More information Contact person

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Web-site

http://www.rwe-mobility.com/web/cms/en/517298/rwemobility/ technology/


77



Limena


Padua province, Veneto region, Italy

Title of initiative

Installation of a biogas plant

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

—


On-going, almost completed

Objectives

Production of power for the national power grid and heat for the structures of the farm and for a district heating network

Project description An anaerobic digestion plant to produce power that is distributed in the national power grid in order to obtain the remuneration linked to the national economic incentive Legislation has been installed In the municipal area of Limena. Cattle manure produced on farm is co-fermented with corn silage and grain mash In the plant. The plant consists of 2 primary digesters and 2 post-fermenters. The digested finally undergoes a separation treatment Solid/Liquid (S/L) and is used for cultivation purposes. Heat is currently recovered for the farm structures but there is a project to install a district heating network that should connect the biogas plant to a residential area located approximately 2 km by the farm itself. In this way the farm constitutes a precious example because it’s able to recover its waste and by-products (manure, slurry) in order to develop and allocate them for an energy destination and use. Moreover, the purpose of this experience is to ensure an increase in income through a business solution that can enhance the production company. Results Diversified source of income and improved environmental sustainability related to manure management. The power produced by the plant is completely absorbed and sold to GSE except a portion (5%) intended for internal use in the company. Thermal energy, once connected to a district heating network will allow the consumers to use energy produced from renewable source having several advantages (improvement of environmental sustainability and likely cost savings). Replicability With so many livestock framings able to afford the installation of such like plant, this chain is easily replicable in all the provinces in Veneto. More information Contact person

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Web-site

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Livno


Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina/BiH

Title of initiative

“District Heating Cogeneration Plant” in Livno, Municipality of Livno

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

—


On-going

Objectives

The main target of this project is switch from standard heavy fuel use to use of biomass – woodchips and wood pellets in district heating plants

Project description Possible use of biomass in District Heating will certainly have an undisputed effect in terms of CO2 emission reduction, direct effects on local community getting reliable and convenient heating energy source, new job opportunities. The Project is planned in several phases. 2 MWt - biomass plant has already been realised. 7 MWt + 1 MWe – biomass boiler with cogeneration is in the 2nd construction phase. Third focus will be focused on the preparation of 20 MW + 5 MWe – biomass boiler with cogeneration (expansion and rehabilitation of the district heating network is planned in this phase). Thermal energy will be used for heating of residential, commercial and public buildings in the town of Livno, and electricity will be delivered to the distribution network. Realization of the third phase depends on the financial capabilities of investors. The final phase of the project is to build a new waste incineration plant (5 MWe and 20 MWth). Results The project envisages the expansion of district heating network in the area around the city to provide better and more efficient supply of heat energy, and at a much lower price compared to the previous method of heating residential and commercial units. In the first part of project the sub-network is made in order to put the kindergarten “Pcelice” and primary school “Ivan Goran Kovacic into district heating network. Implementation of this project could provide annual emission reduction in amount of 76.856 t CO2/yr. Replicability In general, there is a large potential for development of projects of the same or similar type as this project, both in BiH and in the countries in the region. Projects like these can have a significant development component, especially in poor and underdeveloped local self-administrations. Through development of a regional reference centre it is possible to accomplish cross-border and regional cooperation in the course of inauguration, promotion and implementation of these types of projects. The potential of implementation of both GHG reduction and EE projects in Livno could be good example also for undertaken conversion of heating technologies in similar small or medium size DH plants in neighbouring countries. More information Contact person

Vanja Ćurin, Avde Hume 11. 71 000 Sarajevo, [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.dvokut.ba


79



Mali Lošinj



Title of initiative

Planning of energy self sufficient island Unije

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Regional funds


Realised

Objectives

Defining a concept of an energy self sufficient and sustainable island

Project description The idea is to develop an island energy system, which will be implemented by many sustainable development projects. The island of Unije has been chosen as it is a very small community and has potential to become energy self sufficient. Calculations demonstrating the energy potential of the island have been performed, in order to enable the island development. The needs and sources of the island have been determined using the Renew islands methodology. The project goal is to develop four energy development scenarios calculated using a computer program which has the possibility to show financial details of each single scenario. Each scenario is developed in order to achieve an energy self sustainable island. A field survey has been conducted to have population structure, households, building characteristics, building materials, insulation, energy consumption, heating and cooling technologies in use. Moreover, several tasks such as analysis on energy consumption, possible energy savings, local RES potentials (sun, wind, biomass, geothermal), have been assessed. Results Each scenario includes the possibility of achieving a 100% renewable island, independent of the mainland power system, as well as making the island an interesting touristic destination. Additionally, each scenario provides a description of its development by the years 2020 and 2030 according to given assumptions. Replicability The project gives the methodology to apply in developing possible scenarios on energy sustainable development in small communities and can be replicated on any small community, but on a larger community as well. More information Contact person

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Web-site

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Maiolati Spontini


Marche Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Mix of energy plants

Main sector

Renewable energy production and CO2 savings

Origin of funding

Own resources


Completed

Objectives

Reduce energy costs and improve energy efficiency of the municipality area

Project description In the framework of General Plan for Development 2012-2014, Maiolati Spontini Municipality putting strong emphasis on the importance to protect and valorise the environment, especially in the field of territory conservation and energy savings and implementing an energy mix, by setting up 135 kW of photovoltaic panels, 400 kW of mini-hydro and a biogas plant from a garbage dump. The last one, comprising of two plants of 4.130 kW and producing nearly 17 Million kWh/year (corresponding to the annual energy need of 4.000 families), is really very interesting. In brief, incentive for removal of existing buildings and structures in asbestos, programmes for conservation and protection of environment, gradual substitution of traditional public lighting system with high efficiency bulbs, use of alternative energy confirming the contribution for installation of solar or photovoltaic plants, and support to projects about renewables sources (wind energy, hydro-power, photovoltaic),incentivise the bio-construction and green buildings and retrofitting of existing building, promotion of initiatives aimed to incentivize the use of eco-friendly products and promotion of initiative aimed to reduce water and electricity consumptions , are the important action foreseen in the plan. Results The most important results so far achieved are the reduction of fossil fuel dependency; and improvement in quality of the environment (thanks to the capture of around 40.000 cubic meters per day of the dump gas, characterized by noxious substances such as: methane (55%), CO2 (35%) and nitrogen (6%). It is foreseen that in 10 years time, 200 mil of electric kWh will be produced, and 8 mil of cubic meter of methane will be saved, thus reaching CO2 reduction by 168 mil of cubic meter per year. Replicability The initiatives presented are quite small and tailored on small municipalities, so they can be easily implemented with relatively low costs. The biogas plant was realized by a private firm and is now managed by a company owned by the municipality, Sogenus. Moreover, the municipality is engaged in the realization of awareness and information campaign for citizens. These tasks can be replicated in other municipalities and are economically, environmentally and socially sustainable. More information Contact person

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Web-site

www.comune.maiolatispontini.an.it


81



Minervino di Lecce


Puglia Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Sustainable energy initiatives

Main sector

Renewable energy and Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

Local, Regional and National funds


On-going

Objectives

Promote integrate initiatives in the theme of sustainability

Project description Among the others, the following are some of the several initiatives taken by Minevino di Lecce Municipality – Puglia Region - in favour of sustainability in environmental and energy: mandatory installation of a thermal or photovoltaic solar panels in all the new construction; preferential building tax rates on the first house using renewable sources; installation of photovoltaic systems with installed capacity of 30 kWp on the roof of City Hall, Medium School and the Municipal Cemetery; optimization of power consumption of the football stadium with the use of Solar Thermal; optimization of public lighting systems in fractions Cocumola and Mirror Gallon; experimenting with LED lighting in the Hamlet of Mirror Gallon, on other roads, with good results; promoting the Solar “GPO” (Group Purchasing Organization), for both thermal and photovoltaic, in order to buy at low cost solar facilities to resident and use of Electric Bicycles for neutralization of CO2 emissions. Results City of Minervino of Lecce had been awarded the prize “A Kyoto Forest”, with the High Patronage of the Presidency of the Republic. Also, the Municipality has won the fourth prize from the report “Renewable Apulia Municipalities” of Legambiente (the main Italian Environmental Organization) for its “Policies for the diffusion of solar thermal and photovoltaic.” Replicability All projects of Minervino di Lecce should be transferred to other small sustainable communities. More information Contact person

[email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.minervino.le.it/index.php?option=com_content& view=.&limitstart=15&lang=it




Nis - Crveni Krst


Nis city, Nisavski Region, Serbia

Title of initiative

Pilot subproject: Construction of thermo-solar plant in Special Hospital “Gornja Toponica” in Gornja Toponica

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Donation of Kingdom of Spain, 100%, 15,100 Euros. Project was implemented by SEEA


Completed

Objectives

Use of solar energy for technical water hating in Special Hospital “Gornja Toponica”

Project description The project in Special Hospital for mental patients “Gornja Toponica” in village Gornja Toponica is an excellent example to implement the Energy Strategy of the city. With identification of energy efficiency and use of RES as priorities in the sustainable development of Nis, project aimed to demonstrate the effect of solar energy into thermal purposes, and in addition to improve some social problems of the hospital. The important steps undertaken are: collection of applications for the pilot project, analysis of received applications, choice of the object (user), design and construction of thermo solar panel at roof, 25m2, boiler of 2500L total capacity, new pipe-system, automatic valves with electronic control, data logger. Use of solar thermal system has enabled substitution for coal thus providing significant savings for the hospital. Results Solar thermal plant has net saving of about 10 tons of CO2 emission per year. The results of the project are continuously monitored and analysed. It would certainly be a source of significant practical information for development of the solar energy policy. Replicability Solar thermal plant is applied at the only one building out of another ten with very similar objects, existing in the complex. Management of hospital is very satisfied and have started procedure to copy and install same systems at all other objects. Also, hospital allow visit of local technical schools for practical training at TS plant. More information Contact person

Rastislav Kragic, NRES Advisor Ministry of energy, development and environmental protection [email protected]

Web-site

www.merz.gov.rs


83



Novigrad


Istria Region, Croatia

Title of initiative

Energy efficient public lighting in Novigrad

Main sector

Energy efficiency

Origin of funding

HEP ESCO ltd.


Competed

Objectives

Implementation of energy efficient public lighting

Project description To tackle intense construction on the new city areas and deteriorating public lighting in the larger part of the city areas, implementation of the measures for energetic efficiency in the system of public lighting, was initiated by the city administration. On the initiative of the town of Novigrad, a contact was established with the HEP-ESCO Ltd. Company, with the purpose to conduct feasibility study for implementation of the measures of energetic efficiency in the town. In order to save the electric energy and decrease the costs of the public lighting maintenance through the planned reconstruction of the existing mechanism by modern and more efficient public lighting, the project foresees both the replacement of all damaged public lighting with the ecologically acceptable CUT OFF version and replacement of all mercury light bulbs with the high-pressure sodium light bulbs, from 150 W out of town to 250 W, together with protection from the indirect contact for the complete cable system and the replacement of the over-large fuses, in the centre town of Novigrad. Results When the public lighting regulation is finished, attenuation will reduce the consumption in the late night hours, when the intensity of traffic is lowered. Moreover, the decreased consumption of the energy will reduce the emission of the pollutants created by energy production. Project will reduce the annual energy costs of the town of Novigrad for approx. 70.000 HRK. Replicability Measures of energetic and ecological efficiency can be implemented by the ecologically aware builders of the public lighting. The public lighting is constructed by towns and the municipalities, i.e. the investors of the building of traffic infra-structure, and the owners of the industry plants outside of the residential areas. More information Contact person

Ružica Mitrović-Maurović

Web-site

http://www.hep.hr/esco/en/references/novigrad/default.aspx




Orsara di Puglia



Title of initiative

“kilometer zero” menus and 100% renewable production

Main sector

Green food and Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Local and national


On-going

Objectives

Promote green tourism and local quality of life and increase renewable energies production

Project description To achieve the goals under the Covenant of Mayors Initiative, the Energy Action Plan of Orsara includes 32 actions divided into main sectors such as Mobility, Residential, Tertiary and Industrial Sector. Kilometer zero” menus (to reduce the fuel consumption required for transportation of food and wine and therefore help to reduce air pollution) and wood energy (to achieve creation of sustainable land management system) are other important actions carried out by the city of Orsara. Through these actions, the municipality plans to reduce C02 emissions by 21% (1,271 t CO2 per year), to achieve energy savings for 6,151 MWh per year, and to achieve economic annual savings of € 35.528. From the viewpoint of energy savings, actions which are attributed to larger values of savings, apart from the energy efficiency of buildings, are the purchase of renewable energy by individuals (1.231 MWh) and the cover energy (654 MWh ). The data on the installed capacity from renewable sources, in proportion to the number of inhabitants (2990), makes Orsara among the Italian areas most virtuous of all. About cost savings, the actions with the most ambitious objectives are the energy efficiency of buildings and the upgrading of public lighting (23.000 € per year). Finally, in terms of C02 reduction, is credited the major saving to the communication campaign for sustainable mobility (187 t CO2/year) and activation of the energy desk (225 t CO2/year). Results In 2011 the City of Orsara of Puglia is ranked 8th, among 100% renewable municipalities of Legambiente report on Puglia, thanks to an installed capacity of 18 MW from large wind turbines; 362 kW form solar photovoltaic, 300 kW from small wind turbines. Specifically in the sector of small wind turbines, with 12 towers of 25 kW each installed in 2010, the Municipality of Orsara is third in Puglia. Replicability This type of approach can easily be replicated in another zones with good energy saving. More information Contact person Web-site

http://www.comune.orsaradipuglia.fg.it/cms/home.php


85



Pargas


Preveza / Region of Epirus, Greece

Title of initiative

Wind Park in Parga Community

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Private funds

Status

Completed

Objectives

Installation of the first wind turbine park in the Region of Epirus and signing of the operation contract and the commencement of electrical energy sales, are the main aim of this project.

Project description This project with a total installed power of 14 MW and forecasted annual energy production of 28 GWh will help Greece to achieve its target of setting up 5.5 GW wind power for the interconnected grid and 600 MW in island grids. The wind park is comprised of sever wind turbines of 2 MW rated power, indicative type E-82 of Enercon (Germany), with a nominal rotation speed of 6-19.5 revs/minute, pitch control, 3 blades and a tower height from the ground to the axis of the wind turbine equal to 78 m. The diameter of blade’s swept area is 82 m, the production voltage is 400 V and the frequency is 50 Hz. Seven transformers are employed with a nominal power of 2300 kW, for indoors installation. A control house of 48 m2 will be erected along with the rest needed infrastructure. Results First successful installation and operation of a wind turbine park, creating public awareness towards RES technologies, decrease dependence on fossil fuels and increased contribution of renewable electricity in the energy balance of the region and the country in general are the expected results. Replicability A big number of investments in wind parks are already under way located in communities throughout Epirus. There is a strong hope that during the following years a big increase in the installed power of wind turbines will take place. It is important to note that the Managing Authority of the Epirus Region has recently declared that the wind potential presents opportunities for green energy production. It also reassures possible investors that the Region of Epirus will contribute with its powers in facilitating green energy production through renewables in all forms, from wind turbines to photovoltaic and other less popular forms like biogas investments that use organic and agro-waste as well as municipal waste as a primary energy source. More information Contact person

Akris Energy Ltd, [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.windwaerts.de/en/windwaerts/areas-of-operation/ windenergie-ausland/greece.html




Peglio


Marche Region, Italy

Title of initiative

TOWERS – Tours of Waters, Energy, Rarities and Safety

Main sector

Energy and Water management

Origin of funding

Comunità Montana dell’Alto e Medio Metauro


On-going

Objectives

Sustainability and recovery at 360 ° in the energy field

Project description Towers project stands for Tours of Waters, Energy, Rarities and Safety. The project foresees different fields of actions such as Tour of Waters (rain-water recovery, use of water from municipal lake, water savings, waste water treatment with marine plants and energy production, timed irrigation), Tour of Energies (lightening of historical centres, joining of free market, environmental training, municipal energy plan, photovoltaic plants, solar thermal plants, small wind plants, public lightening), Tour of Rarities (recovery of traditional and natural itineraries and site visits) and Tour of Safety (territory and building regulation, biodiversity and biotypes, archaeological areas, plan of colour for historical centres). Within this wide programme, Peglio Municipality has realized a small wind farm, composed of n.2 towers of 50 kW each, with a net production of 162 MWh/year which are able to cover the 21% of domestic electric consumption of the Municipality. The plant with overall cost of € 228.000 was financed by the Comunità Montana dell’Alto e Medio Metauro and allows saving 90 tonnes of CO2 per year. Moreover, the Municipality is working at the realization of photovoltaic plant of 19,44 KW power on the roof of a business centre, and another photovoltaic plant of 36 KW on the roof of cemetery; solar thermal panels, 15 square metres panels for the production of sanitary water for the sporting centre, public lightening strategic plan which will allow to save 13.000 KWh per year and a biomass plant (500 KW) with a small district heating system (planned). Results The installation of the two wind towers allowed saving 90.000 tons of CO2 per year; the finalization of the two photovoltaic plants, of solar thermal plant and of public lightening improvements will allow reaching the self-sufficiency of municipal consumptions. Replicability The project includes a set of small initiatives, not only related to the construction of power plants, but also aimed to inform sensitize the citizens and to improve the existent laws, regulations or technology used, which can be easily replicated in small communities. In addition, the project is based on the valorisation and optimization of local resources, also cultural and touristic, which can ensure the sustainability of the initiative. More information Contact person

—

Web-site

http://www.comune.peglio.pu.it/


87



Polverara


Padua province, Veneto Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Installation of wood chips district heating network

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Part of funding comes from Province of Padua, part from Veneto Region


Completed; in the future an expansion of the district heating network is expected

Objectives

Production of heat distributed to public and private subjects through a district heating network

Project description The City Council of Polverara, a small town in the province of Padua, has entrusted Verdenergia E.S.Co. to project, infrastructure and manage the district heating network of using 700 kW wood biomass plant. The plant is fuelled with wood chips (average size between 31.5 and 45 mm and no more than 25-30% water content).produced from the local area from Short Rotation Forestry, explants of orchards or other woody crops. The average annual consumption is about 500 tons of wood chips. The heat produced by combustion is transferred via heat exchangers to the water which is then fed into the district heating network which serves both public users and private users (around seventy flats). The entire system is regulated and controlled automatically by a device with a microprocessor controller and allows to optimize combustion and emissions into the atmosphere. The boiler provides heating and also supplies the distribution of hot water to the users connected to district heating network. Results To allow use of local agro-forestry waste matters and promotes local employment. Decrease in the use of fossil fuels, allowing an improvement in net emissions of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. District heating network using wood chips instead of fossil fuel have significant economic savings. Replicability The plant being of medium size and thus requiring no excessive amount of biomass is easily replicable in all small communities and small towns of the provinces under study. More information Contact person

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Web-site

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Popoli



Title of initiative

“Plants action in a elderly residence”

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Public-private


Completed

Objectives

Production of warm water from solar energy

Project description The main aims of the project are: to improve the energy performance of a nursing home owned by the municipality based upon the energy auditing of the building, renewable energy production with reduced CO2 emissions, direct economic benefits and, saving on fuel through the installation of a generator modulating condensing (using the principle of the modulation of the power required to the system and adapting to the actual heat demand of the heating system on the basis of climatic conditions) and integration of the heat generator with solar thermal system for DHW. Modulation of the boiler, optimization of storage tanks stratification and solar boilers health, maximum use of condensing technology and performance of the solar heat are another important action that can help to improve further the efficiency of the system. Results Based on the characteristics of the system presented above, one can arrive at a percentage of savings in overall energy requirements of the ACS and heating up to 40-45% Replicability The preliminary analysis using energy audit is replicable on any other health care facility that requires a considerable amount of energy for the production of sanitary hot water and space heating. Education of energy consumption assumed following the completion of the actions mentioned above is reliably detected, the monitoring of energy parameters and consumption of fuel in particular, following the installation of new heat generators and solar thermal confirmed by numerical calculations with the requirements developed with suitable energy simulation software. More information Contact person

Mayor: Concezio Galli Technical contact: Massimo Di Gregorio e-mail: [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.popoli.pe.it/


89



Postojna


Slovenia

Title of initiative

Awareness raising on energy issues within the Secondary Forestry and Woodwork School

Main sector


Origin of funding

National subsidy (Ministry of Education and Sport)


Completed

Objectives

Introduction of RES and Energy Efficiency improvement of existing school building

Project description The goal of energy refurbishment is to both decrease the demand for energy and reduce the energy cost by efficient technology solution installation. This activity will moreover contribute to the realisation of local energy action plan of municipality of Postojna as within the energy local concept is a scenario of development, for short – term (5 years) and long – term (10 years) period for Renewable energy sources and efficient energy use at municipal level. Moreover, aim of this project is to become a best practice sample of efficient and renewable energy use within the public building. Results With the replacement of boiler, the energy costs were reduced by 40% while the CO2 emissions were reduced by 260 t /year (or 57%). With energy refurbishment, school will reduce the energy consumption by 491 MWh (32%) and CO2 emissions for 22, 8 t/annually (17%). The long term effect of the investment are energy cost reduction, healthy environment and awareness rising among students and employees. Replicability — More information Contact person

Cvetka Kernel, [email protected]

Web-site

http://nep.vitra.si/ukrep.php?id=37




Preveza


Regional of Preveza, Epirus Region, Greece

Title of initiative

Development of sustainable Biogas market in Central and Eastern Europe

Main sector

Transport

Origin of funding

“Intelligent Energy for Europe” European Commission


On-going

Objectives

Analysis of possible biogas production approaches from various agricultural feedstock, improvement of authorization procedures and financial mechanisms for biogas investments, Creation and dissemination of information material and establishment of guidelines for evaluation criteria for biogas investment are the main objectives of the project.

Project description Biogas is the most versatile energy carrier that can produce all the necessary forms of energy such as electricity, heat and mechanical work in the local communities. If purified, it is an excellent substitute for natural gas. The project implementation strategy and objectives are deployed through assistance to the local authorities in information / awareness raising actions concerning the benefits of biogas in local communities, to comparing the licensing process and transfer of know-how and experience to members of the target countries through the organization of events. This project will create and develop sustainable markets for biogas in Epirus communities. Moreover, development of methodology and quantification of all the benefits of biogas, streamlining of authorization procedures for biogas investments and rationalization of old and new financing mechanisms for biogas investments are main targets of the project. Results Nine (9) biogas installations, with a total installed capacity of 4,7 GW, are supposed to be deployed. These facilities are expected to contribute about 35 GWh of energy per year. The number of new jobs that will be created is expected to be between 15 and 89, while the corresponding amount of investment capital amounts to 14.76 million. Replicability The possibility of multiplication of the project is important Studies conducted under this project can provide guidance for the deployment of these units. The project consortium is consisted of project partners from Central and Eastern Europe. In this way, it covers a wide range of different conditions. This way the results may find applications in many areas. More information Contact person

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources and Savings (CRES), Greece Konstantinos Sioulas e-mail: [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.biogasin.org/


91



San Giuliano di Puglia


Molise Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Plant for the production of electricity power through solar conversion made in the municipality of San Giuliano di Puglia

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Regional funds / post-earthquake funds.


Completed

Objectives

Interventions for energy saving and rational use of energy “plant for the production of electricity through solar conversion to be carried in the municipality of San Giuliano di Puglia, Campobasso”

Project description The objective is to implement sustainable energy measures in schools and swimming pools to generate sustainable energy, create income opportunity as well as providing additional revenue to municipality. The project is about the realization of a photovoltaic plant system of overall capacity of 1 MW comprising a PV unit of 800 kW and second one equal to 200 kW. The total area is approximately 20,000 sq m. Results The plant will contribute to the preservation of the environment (reducing emission of exhaust gas and pollutants particles); improve civic sense of environment and savings of energy costs. Replicability The replicability of this project is desirable in all the municipalities wishing to achieve safe environment, energy saving and social sustainability. The innovative element of high importance that should stimulate to replicate the system is the supervision system in terms of automation thus providing enormous advantages in performance and economic terms. More information Contact person

Mayor (Mr. Luigi Barbieri) – Municipality del San Giuliano di Puglia Largo Palazzo Marchesale 10. [email protected]

Web-site

www.comune.sangiulianodipuglia.cb.it




San Lazzaro di Savena


Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Collective ownership photovoltaic plants

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Citizens investment


On-going

Objectives

Promote energy production from RES, reduce fossil energy consumptions and energy consumptions coasts

Project description This good practice was born recently by voluntary initiative of Energy townspeople association called Energy Community. The scope/aim of this association is to promote the installation of renewable resources plants. This association in agreement with San Lazzaro di Savena municipality, created an announcement in order to promote the taking part of citizens in a collective investment aimed at realizing a renewable energy production plant. The partners are the local authority, the townspeople Association (Energy Community) and citizens. All citizens could participate to initiative, from San Lazzaro di Savena or from other municipalities. The citizens that decided to participate to the investment took part in association and they financed the investment paying limited/restricted shares of the investments (from minimum shares, equal to 250 euro). The local authority made the roof of a public building (in specific, a school) available for the installation of the photovoltaic plant. The association was responsible for design and installation of the photovoltaic plant. After plant installing, the local authority took the ownership of the plant. The association of citizens will receive during the entire referring period (20 years) the economic return of the investment connected with the regulated economic incentives and benefits based on electricity production and selling established and existing in Italy. The association shares the economic return among the citizens that participated in the investment, proportionally to each owned share. The electricity produced with the solar energy supplies the school uses. The information about the initiative was available at the local energy helpdesk and at the association in order to promote participation of citizens. (Expected) Results Reduction of energy final consumption by 20% compared to 2005 and evelopment of energy production from renewable energy sources and promote energy saving technologies; allows citizens to become renewable energy producers and to sell energy obtaining all benefits proposed by existing national economic incentives, to reduce the energy costs of the school and produce energy from renewable resources are the main expected results. The power of the photovoltaic plant is 20 kWp about. Replicability This best practice can be easily replicated in other places, in others small and big towns. In these type experiences is important the role of the local authority or some other promoting structure (i.e. and energy helpdesk) to inform and to involve the citizens. The knowledge of citizens about their opportunities must be clear and so it’s important that dedicated structures or actors provide detailed information about the initiative, the implementation scheme and the expected financial revenues. A secondary purpose of the initiative is to promote interventions by citizens about energy efficiency and RES energy production to their own houses. More information Contact person

URP San Lazzaro di Savena municipality - piazza Bracci, 1 [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.sanlazzaro.bo.it - http://www.comunitaenergetica.it/


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Tinjan


Istria Region, Croatia

Title of initiative

Biogas plant Tinjan

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Municipality and private investor


On-going

Objectives

Build a biogas power plant

Project description To encourage the development of the organized waste management, as well as the production of the renewable sources of the energy from various organic wastes, the adequate bio-gas plant installed in Tinjan village (Italian: Antignana) and municipality in Istria, Croatia, will operate exclusively as the renewable energy source. The input materials (like poultry manure of Puris, olive pomace, grape pomace, green waste from the mowing and exterior design, oil waste from the restaurants, biological waste of all categories and other),come from the farms of the local farmers within radius of 10 km. The harvest of the local farmers will be sent direct to the ensilage. The anaerobic fermentation within the plant will produce bio-gas which is used in aggregate (gas machine – generator) for the production of the electrical energy being transferred into the distribution electro-energetic network. All buildings and the plants are designed exclusively for the production of the bio-gas and the electrical and thermal energy produced by its incineration. (Expected) Results To encourage the development of the bio-gas sector which will strengthen the rural areas economically and also create new jobs, decrease the emission of the greenhouse gases and to achieve the sustainable waste management.open the new jobs and make additional income for the farmers and production of quality fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and is re-usable on the agricultural areas Replicability and sustainability Such project is possible to implement in the regions active in agriculture, cattle breeding, forestry) More information Contact person

Jasmina Cvitan Lakača

Web-site

http://www.tinjan.hr/tinjan.aspx




Tocco da Casauria



Title of initiative

Wind farm “Tocco di Vento”

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

Public-private


Completed

Objectives

Production of wind energy in a wind farm

Project description Renewable energy production with reduced CO2 emissions, Direct economic benefits (reduction of taxes paid by citizens) and Indirect economic benefits are the main aim of the wind farm built in the town of Tocco da Casauria (Pescara), in Italy. Also, the project aimed at a correct environmental integration and the creation of a real natural park in the area below the wind turbines. Town of Tocco da Casauria (Pescara) was the first town to build a wind farm on its territory, using 2 wind turbines Riva Calzoni of 200 kW each. As a result of the considerable advances made by technology in the last 15 years, the wind farm in Tocco has been completely renovated by installing two wind turbines of Enercon E48 model, which are advanced machines in the global wind technology (opening April 24, 2007). Particular attention was paid to the natural environment consisting of a beautiful olive grove and design of the wind farm in which the wind turbine, two new Enercon E48 wind turbines (each 800 kW) were put into operation. The new wind farm is therefore composed of 4 wind turbines with a total capacity of 3.2 MW. The estimated annual production is 7200 MWh. The Enercon E-53 wind turbine generators are the ultimate technology: with turbines designed to maximize the wind, a generator with no gearbox (the most delicate and noisy part of the wind generator) and a system of remote control. The estimated annual production of the park is to serve approximately 2000 households. Results Royalties arising from the plant have allowed the City to purchase and restore the ancient castle of the village, to restructure the school and to triple the budget for street cleaning. The savings for the citizens is real, even if indirectly. The municipality is now able to offer high quality services and facilities to carry out public works, to start loans because it can prove its solvency. Replicability Wind farm in Tocco da Casauria represents an exemplary model for producing energy from renewable sources, reducing consumption of fossil fuels and CO2 emissions, creating economic income. More information Contact person

Mayor: Mario Lattanzio [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.toccodacasauria.pe.it/ http://www.ferasrl.it/tocco_1.php


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Trebinje


Republic of Srpska / Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)

Title of initiative

Solar Panels

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding Status of implementation

Planned

Objectives

Promotion of electricity produced from solar energy

Project description The Project consists of equipping a rest-home in Trebinje (southernmost municipality and town in Bosnia and Herzegovina) with solar panels (PHV) of 16 kW. By adding these solar panels the building is expected to become energy independent and as such the only truly test house existing in Republic of Srpska. It will therefore become a perfect test house for raising awareness on solar energy. This pilot project will promote the use of solar energy. The municipality and the whole region are rich in solar potential. Results Promotion of renewable energy sources; energy savings, a pilot project would be used for educational purposes. Replicability This project can be applied to other similar municipalities in the Adriatic region. More information Contact person

Petar Jotanović, Trg Republike Srpske 1, 78 000 Banja Luka, BiH [email protected]

Web-site




Troia



Title of initiative

100% Renewable Municipality

Main sector


Origin of funding

Mainly national funds


On-going

Objectives

Promote energy sustainability

Project description City of Troy joined the Covenant of Mayors and presented its Sustainable Energy Action Plan. With an installed renewable capacity of 171, 9 MW from large wind plants; 23, 8 MW of photovoltaic energy plants and 0, 1 MW of small wind power plants, the City of Troy was ranked 7th in the Legambiente (one of the main Italian environmental associations). Thanks to the wind farms royalties, the City was able to offers a free public urban transport. Also, thanks to excellent results in waste management that the City was first among the “Commune Ricicloni Puglia 2011 (Recycling Municipality of Puglia)” that was awarded by Legambiente, Troia has indeed obtained an average of more than 40% of recycled wastes, thanks to ‘door to door’ model of collect recycled wastes. Successful ecological event ‘ECO-FEST’ with eco-fair stands with mini solar and wind products was organised in June 2011. Results The actions of the Troia SEAP are projected to have an annual saving of 11,572 MWh in terms of energy, 64,314 € in terms of reduction in annual energy costs, and greenhouse gas savings of 2541.84 tonnes of CO2/year. Replicability Replicability of the project is quite good More information Contact person

[email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.troia.fg.it/cms/home.php


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Valli del Pasubio


Vicenza province, Veneto Region, Italy

Title of initiative

Installation of a wood chips boiler heating the local district school

Main sector

Renewable energy

Origin of funding

The plant has been installed and funded by local Leogra-Timonchio Mountain Community


Completed and in operation since January 2004

Objectives

Production of heat using local wood biomass and replacing fossil fuels previously used

Project description Based upon the feasibility study commissioned by the City Council and local Mountain Community of Valli del Pasubio and realizing that the local biomass can easily fuel the wood boiler installed in the local school, the project destined to fuel the local school district was approved and funded by the City Council and local Mountain Community. The boiler is fuelled with wood chips produced mostly from the maintenance of local woods of the valley. The heating plant is located at the middle school in a site derived from the existing boiler. The storage of wood chips is in a completely buried silo. The boiler is a moving grate model provided by UNICONFORT for the production of hot water at 95°C. Chips are subjected to a double combustion (gasification and further oxidation of gas). The warm gases, with a temperature of about 900°C, are conveyed to the heat exchanger, where heat is transferred to water. The hot water (80-90° C) produced, by means of appropriate pumps, enters into the heat distribution system and provides heat and domestic hot water for the two schools buildings. Combustion fumes, before entering into the flue; passes through a dedicated multicyclone system that guarantees emission levels less than legal limits. The annual wood chips consumption is about 200 tons whereas total heated volume is approximately 23,000 square feet. Results The school boiler fuelled with wood chips encourages the care and maintenance activity of local territory. Biomass supply at the local level encourages local employment and chain added value stays in the local companies of the valley. Decrease in the use of fossil fuels, allow an improvement in net emissions of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The City Council and the local Mountain Community have significant economic savings by using wood chips instead of fossil fuel. Replicability This chain pattern is easily replicable in other local communities and small towns. The area in which the chain is created must have the presence of significant amounts of woody biomass used to fuel the boiler. More information Contact person

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Web-site

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Verzegnis


Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy

Title of initiative

Energy self sufficiency: the challenge of a mountain small town

Main sector


Origin of funding

EU funds, town own financial resources


Some projects are completed, others are undergoing

Objectives

Energy self sufficiency

Project description The main goal is to reach the energy self sufficiency through increased use of local wood to feed the local district heating network, expanding district heating network, setting up two wind blades and adoption of targeted energy efficiency regulations in private households. At the moment the main objective is to set up two 1MW each wind blades. The income from the electricity generated will be used to provide support and bonuses to families energy bills, adoption of energy efficiency measures in private households, build a new woody biomass DH plant for private household heating, invest in the forest short supply chain, replace traditional low efficiency public lightning with LED technology and support micro scale wind power and heat pumps in private households. Results The main expected result will be to meet almost total energy consumption (electricity and heat) with renewable energy sources. Also a general improvement of energy efficiency is expected. More responsible behaviour of inhabitants toward green house gas emissions and the environment. Replicability The proposed solutions can be transferred to other small communities in mountain areas as long as they have similar natural resources like wood, water and commercial marble/stone. Also the same “model” can be applied to all small communities with a similar distribution of dwellings. More information Contact person

Luciano Sulli, Major of Verzegnis [email protected]

Web-site

http://www.comune.verzegnis.ud.it/altofriuli/verzegnis/home.nsf/ NoFrames/86DFC8A6058B7161C12576E1002C0979? OpenDocument&978D1C06C1D91B23C12576D9005E6D2D


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Notes

Notes

Ragusa Service srl - Modugno (BA) Tel. 0809645420 · [email protected]

Lead Partner

Partners

Associate Partners