Takhrij al-Hadith Via Websites: A Study of al-Durar al ...

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017

International Journal of Sciences and Research

Takhrij al-Hadith Via Websites: A Study of al-Durar al-Saniyyah, Mawqi’ al-Islam and Islamweb

Shahril Nizam Bin Zulkipli Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Campus, 35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia. Tel : +6013-2968673, e-mail: [email protected] Zuriani Yaacob Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Raub Campus, 27600 Jalan TRAS Raub, Pahang, Malaysia. Tel : +6017-8913911, e-mail: [email protected] Norazmi Bin Anas Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Campus 35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia. Tel : +6012-2754160, e-mail: [email protected] Mohd Syukri Bin Mohd Noor Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Campus 35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia. Tel : +6013-2965462, e-mail: [email protected] Mohd Zahirwan Halim Bin Zainal Abidin Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Campus 326100 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. Tel : +6019-2677081, e-mail: [email protected] Wan Kamal Nadzif Bin Wan Jamil Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Campus 326100 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia. Tel : +6012-3697271, e-mail: [email protected] Asmadi Bin Yakob Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Campus 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Tel : +6013-2324863, e-mail: [email protected]

83

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Abstract After the Industrial Revolution, the fifth phase of human civilization i.e. the Age of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is emerging. In accordance with this advancement, the Islamic world has started looking at how Islamic religious education can be easily and effectively delivered via useful ICT applications such as websites, digital libraries and specific software packages to name a few. Technological advancement and communication and cyberspace have indeed given a new dimension to the study of hadith in a digital manner. In other words, it is also considered an effort to strengthen, uphold and preserve the texts of hadith in this era of prevalent use of digital devices. It seems that this study has identified three influential websites i.e. al - Durar al – Saniyyah, Mawqi’ al-Islam as well as Islamweb that can be used to ease the takhrij al-hadith or simply defined as hadith extraction in the collections. Terminologically, takhrij is the science of hadith extraction and authentication; including validating the chains of transmitters by hadith scholars as well as grading the authenticity level of hadith. In other words, it refers to the process of tracking the hadiths in various collections. Thus, the study is in fact intended to demonstrate the ease of takhrij in the era of ICT and also to explore the websites of hadith which can facilitate learning processes. The methodology used was the quantitative data collection of hadiths on websites. On a positive note, the study found few takhrij facilities that have been refined on these websites including (1) Masdar al – Hadith (original source text), (2) Ranking of hadith, (3) Sanad (chain of hadith narrators), (4) Matn (text of hadith), (5) The position of hadith in other sources by specifying Shawahid (witnesses) and Mutaba'at (followup), (6) Al-wa Jarh ta'dil (a systematic approach to critiquing a narrator's position as a narrator), (7) Categories of hadiths based on the Sanad and also (8) Hukm al-Hadith (derivation of hadith ruling). It is again to emphasize that all these takhrij facilities are provided in the three websites stated earlier. Above all, Islamweb is the best website that can be used by many researchers as it has been applying comprehensively the above-mentioned eight takhrij facilities. Keywords: Science of hadith, takhrij al-Hadith, hadith websites, Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

1.0

Introduction

In the process of validating and justifying a hadith to be considered authentic and acceptable, the hadith scholars have established a framework of knowledge called takhrij al - Hadith. It is indeed a necessity for Muslims to study and comprehend the source and validity of hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Takhrij al- hadith is actually a conventional method which is at the same time rather complicated and requires one’s expertise to do it. In addition, it requires the researchers and scholars to recognize the intricacies of hadiths and being experts in using the original reference books of hadiths. The reason behind this; it is a unique method that varies from others.

The development of science and technology has opened up a new dimension to the encouraging progression of study of hadiths that is completely supported by information and communication

84

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


technology (ICT). The science of takhrij al-hadith that was once difficult can now be facilitated by various useful applications as well specific softwares related to such discipline. This is also due to some Muslim IT engineers who have successfully brought the treasures of Islamic studies into various forms of digital representations such as the development of websites, the presence of computer software systems and mobile phone applications as an effort to strengthen, uphold and preserve the holiness of Islamic sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) in the era of ICT.

2.0

Definition Of Takhrij al-Hadith

According to Dr ‘Abd al-Mawjud Muhammad ‘Abd al-Latif, takhrij al-hadith is actually a process to verify and authenticate a hadith (after assessing the narrator’s condition) particularly by tracking its valid and reliable sources. This is done by the muhaddithin (hadith scholars) based on the sanad of sahih (sound), hasan (good), da’if (weak) or maudu’ (fabricated, forged).

Takhrij al-hadith is also possibly to be defined as a study of narrators that are based on the views of hadith scholars of al-Jarh wa al-Ta’dil (science of criticism and praise) (‘Abd al-Mawjud Muhammad ‘Abd al-Latif, 1984). Meanwhile, Dr Muhammad Abu al-Layth al-Khayr Abadi (2005) further expresses his understanding of al-takhrij as a scientific knowledge which debates the principles and methods as in the context of current study. This scholar highlights it as a mean to facilitate the access to hadith position, to identify mutaba'at (follow-up) and shawahid (witnesses) from original sources, to differentiate resources that resembles the original ones and vice versa where this will justify the degree of hadith to be either accepted or rejected. 3.0

Significance Of Takhrij al-Hadith

This science of hadith which was founded by Imam al – Tirmidhi and followed by al - Khatib al Baghdadi had received increasing attention in the sixth century of Hijrah. The privilege of the first book i.e. Takhrij Ahadith al-Muhadhdhab fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i li al-Shirazi written by Muhammad ibn Musa al–Hazimi has presented a number of significant findings (Munirah & Nik Mohd Zaim, 2011) as follow:

a. Determining the validity of hadiths and a specific methodology to identify the position of the traditions. b. Identifying the authenticity or if there is a difference in the text of hadith. Therefore, the status of hadith can be clarified whether it is sahih (sound), hasan (good), shadh

85

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


(isolated), munkar (denounced), da’if (weak) or maudu’ (fabricated, forged) which rest mainly upon the nature of the reporters in the isnad. c. Recognizing various hadiths which can be very resourceful in extracting the laws of fiqh in a precise manner. d. Correcting the texts in terms of al-Tahrif (distortion) or al-Tashif (mispronunciation) in order to get the right nas (Subhi al-Salih, 2007). e. Correcting the wrong names in sanad (chain of hadith narrators), explaining unfamiliar narrators and also aligning with the right line. f. Bearing this knowledge specifically to students of hadiths so that they will be able to refine, evaluate and assess the hadith immediately. 4.0

Development Of Hadith Websites

The frequent engagement with ICT has contributed significant impacts in transforming many aspects of Islamic education particularly in the study of hadiths. Previously, hadiths were only available in physical books yet with the demand for electronic formats, many Muslim scholars have started making these sources of hadiths publicly and easily accessible online for all. Nonetheless, based on the researchers’ observations, the search facility available in Arabic medium is much advanced for this purpose. Among Islamic websites which have been our focus in this study include al-Durar al-Saniyyah (dorar.net), Mawqi’ al-Islam (http://hadith.alislam.com),

Islamweb

eman.com/hadeeth),

(http://www.islamweb.net),

Mawsu‘ah

al-Syamilah

(http://www.muhaddith.org/a_index.html),

Nida’

al-Iman

(http://www.islamport.com), al-Jami‘

al-Hadith

(http://www.alal-Muhaddith al-Nabawi

(http://www.sonnaonline.com) as well as Kutub Takhrij al-Hadith al-Nabawi al-Syarif li al-Syaykh Nasir al-Din al-Albani (http://islamicweb.com/ara bic/books/albani.asp). It is agreed that all these search engines allow the users to easily search a list of hadiths which they can save or download for reference. Additionally, many online forums which discussing related matters to takhrij al-hadith also emphasize these websites for convenient hadith search facility. Without a doubt, there are also other beneficial websites that list the hadith collections, translations in various languages, hadith criticisms, dictionaries, comprehensive audio and video tutorials which are all accessible and downloadable and it is such an invaluable free services provided for online users (Shahril Nizam, 2012).

86

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


However, only three main websites would be advocated in this study i.e. al-Durar al-Saniyyah, Mawqi’ al-Islam and also Islamweb. It appears that these websites have pioneered the category of hadith searching for educational purposes as they provide comprehensive references of sources of hadiths, sanad and matan of hadiths, validity of hadiths based on the narrators’ biography and accuracy of matan, and also position of the traditions to name a few. Based on the services and facilities, these three websites have met certain objectives in scientific discipline of takhrij al-hadith (Faisal Ahmad Shah, 2010): a. Identifying the positions of hadiths in reference to original sources. b. Identifying the narrators of hadiths by assessing their positions from the view of al-jarh wa al-ta’dil. c. Stating the sanad (chain of transmission) and matan (content of narrative). d. Establishing the authenticity of a hadith whether it is sahih (sound), hasan (good), da’if (weak), maqbul (accepted) or mardud (rejected). e. Recognizing the status and reliability of hadiths and their categories based on sanad as well as matan.

Obviously, in effort to refine and encourage the use of these Islamic websites, it has assisted the researchers to attempt initial evaluation towards the hadiths from the view of takhrij. Nevertheless, it was not an easy task as the researchers had to establish in-depth critical study behind the compilation of the corpus of hadith. The numerous and complex classifications of hadiths have been taken into consideration. This is to ensure that misconception of Islam particularly towards the authenticity of hadiths can be completely cleared out. 5.0

The Website Of al-Durar al-Saniyyah

It is indeed a website that provides information on the scientific basis of da’wah without a goal to reap any benefits (http://www.dorar.net/est-site). Apparently, this basis demonstrates the commitment of website developers in offering the opportunity to engage the Internet users and to make it easier for them to search for hadith collections. Hence, al-Durar al-Saniyyah not only promises to ease the process of finding the texts, but it also includes several other Islamic encyclopedias such as Mawsu‘ah al-‘Aqidah, Mawsu‘ah al-Adyan, Mawsu‘ah al-Hadithiyyah, Mawsu‘ah al-Fiqhiyyah, Mawsu‘ah al-Tarikhiyyah, Mawsu‘ah al-Madhahib al-Fikriyyah alMu‘asarah as well as Mawsu‘ah al-Firq al-Muntasibah li al-Islam (http://www.dorar.net/sitesections).

87

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


The name of al-Durar al-Saniyyah has been given to the website as it portrays precious jewel that glows and shines reflecting all the good things. Therefore, it is hoped that this name would bring hopes, dreams and inspirations to the visitors of the website (http://www.dorar.net/whydorar). This website is administered by Syaykh ‘Alwi bin ‘Abd al-Qadir bin Muhammad bin Hadi al-Saqqaf (http://www.dorar.net/mushrif).

5.1

Privileges of al-Durar al-Saniyyah

(1) Collected as many as 583 of Books which cover several branches of hadith sciences such as kutub mutun al-Hadith, kutub syuruh al-Hadith, kutub ‘ulum al-Hadith, kutub ‘ilal wa al-Su’alat, kutub al-Takhrij, kutub al-Tafasir, kutub al-Rijal, kutub al-Fiqh, and so on and so forth (http://www.dorar.net/enc/hadith). All these Books have loaded almost 300,000 of hadiths including the ones which are repeated accompanied by the hukm for each.

(2) The searching space for hadith has several divisions namely; (a) Al-Muhaddith: the name of the author of the Book or a hadith scholar who pays attention to aspects of transmissions and meanings, (b) Al-Kitab: the name of the Book, (c) Khiyarat al-Bahth: five rules or methods that set diversity of search results, (d) Bahth al-Mutabiq: to get accurate search results based on the word in the hadith sought, and (e) Al-Jami’: different categories of hadiths according to their epistemic value such as sahih, hasan, da’if, mawdu’ and maqlub or users can attempt all these aspects with words they find related to hadiths.

(3) The searching process of hadiths which is initially by default without the additions of khiyarat al-Bahth and bahth al-Mutabiq takes the form of; (a) Kalimah al-Mutabaqah: the search for hadith according to its precise wordings. To illustrate, if one needs to search a hadith by putting in the word of ‫صدق‬, then the search engine will display the results of hadith containing only the word without suffixes such as ‫ بالصدق‬or ‫ صدقة‬or other unrelated words, (b) Jumlah al-Mutabaqah: this is an online hadith search based on clauses for example,‫ انما األعمال بالنية‬where only hadiths containing these keywords will be shown without additional letter like ‫ انما األعمال بالنيات‬and so on, (c) Ajza’ al-Mutabaqah: this is another online hadith search based on phrases such as ‫صالة صوم‬. Again, the search facility will only show the results of hadiths containing the phrases without additional letters like ‫ بالصوم‬,‫ الصوم‬,‫ الصلوات‬,‫ بالصالة‬,‫ الصالة‬and so forth (Shahril Nizam, 2013).

88

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017

5.2


Web Search Results of al-Durar al-Saniyyah Source/Book of Hadith

Hadith searched words marked in red

Al-Muhaddith who derived the rulings

Hadith Narrator

Hukm of hadith is briefly stated

Figure 1: Web search results of al-Durar al-Saniyyah

Brief information of al-Muhaddith

Brief information of al-Masdar

Figure 2: Features to retrieve brief information of al-Muhaddith (hadith scholar who derives the rulings) as well as brief information about the hadith sources.

Hadith Search Results: (1) Kitab/Masdar al-Hadith comes with a brief description of the author's name, muhaqqiq if there is any, publisher, publication number, publication year and also the discipline of the Book. (2) The narrator of hadith (rawi al-A‘la). (3) Text of hadith (matan). (4) Conclusion of ruling derivations (hukm of hadith). 6.0

The Web Site Of Mawqi’ al-Islam

It was developed by Harf Information Technology in 1997 under the administration of Wizarah alSyu'un al-Islamiyyah wa al-Awqaf wa al-Da'wah wa al-Irsyad in Saudi Arabia. This website encompasses various disciplines and knowledge including Mawsu‘ah al-Quran, Mawsu‘ah al-

89

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Hadith, Mawsu‘ah al-Fiqh, Mawsu‘ah al-Sirah and also Mawsu‘ah al-Aqidah (Mawqi’ al-Islam, http://hadith.al-islam.com). This site only collects 16 Books consisting kutub al-Tis‘ah and 7 Books which have been supervised by Syeikh Salih b. ‘Abd al-‘Aziz b. Muhammad b. Ibrahim. Privileges of Mawqi’ al-Islam

6.1

(1) Provides access to seven major languages i.e. Arabic, Malay, Indonesian, Turkish, English, German and French. (2) Contains nearly 500,000 pages covering various fields of al-Quran, hadith, fiqh, sirah as well as aqeedah. (3) Among the books of hadiths provided by Mawsu‘ah al-Hadith include Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim, Sunan al-Tirmizi, Sunan al-Nasa’i, Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan Ibn Majah, Musnad Ahmad, Muwatta’ Malik, Sunan al-Darimi. (4) Hadith lecture facilities are also provided such as Fath al-Bari, Syarah Nawawi ‘ala Muslim, Tuhfah al-Ahwadhi, Syarah Sunan al-Nasa’i and Syarah Sunan Ibn Majah by al-Sundi. Not only that, other engaging lectures like Syarah Sunan al-Nasa’i by al-Suyuti, Ta‘liqah al-Hafiz Ibn alQayyim ‘ala Sunan Abi Dawud as well as al-Muntaqa by Abi al-Walid al-Bahi are also available online.

6.2

Web Search Results of Mawqi’ al-Islam Name of Book and Chapter

Source/Book of Hadith

Sanad of Hadith Matan of Hadith Figure 3: Web search results of Mawqi’ al-Islam.

90

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Figure 4: Features of takhrij: To ensure the position of hadith in other Books/Sources.

Hadith Search Results: (1) Source of hadith, (2) Sanad, (3) Matan, (4) Position of hadith in the Book, (5) Identifying the location of hadith in other Books through the links of takhrij. (6) The hukm of hadith as given in Sunan al-Tirmizi and few other Books. 7.0

The Web Site Of Islamweb

It is a website based on Islamic da’wah that stands over manhaj ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah. It does not only specify the input of science of hadith yet the scope of the web contents covers some other knowledge i.e. aqeedah, Quran, fiqh, sirah, the call of Islam such as the story of new brotherhood in Islam, the uniqueness of the products on the basis of Islamic concepts and so forth (http://main.islamweb.net/ emainpage/ index.php).

Besides that, Islamweb is both simple and comprehensive which makes it a valuable site. In addition, it also has its own strengths as it not only serves the information obtained from the holy books of Islam, fatwas (legal opinions), audios or sermons, but offers consulting services related to health, culture as well as family affairs. Apparently, it is an attempt to link Islam to people around the world about the reality of this religion. Indeed, Islamweb is trying to highlight all segments of society on the basis of manhaj ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah which conform to the principles of Islam (http://main.islamweb.net/media/index.php). The conclusion is, the name of Islamweb has been given as it is a website that upholds the values of Islamic knowledge to the world regardless Muslims or non – Muslims (Shahril Nizam, 2012).

91

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


The main administrator of Islamweb is Dr. Muhammad Salah Dusuqi assisted by al-Sayyid ‘Ali ‘Ubayd ‘Ali Mihran and also al-Sayyid Ahmad Hasan al-Maliki. Mawsu‘ah al-Hadith has been produced in collaboration with over 350 researchers specifically in the field of hadith and ‘ulum al-Syar‘iyyah (Al-Sharq al-Riyadi, 2010:7). 7.1

Privileges of Islamweb

(1) Merging nearly 1400 Books including 543 manuscripts that still have not been published. Overall, the Books comprised of 18 debates of sciences i.e. Ajza’ wa Fawa’id, Tarajum wa Tawarikh, Sunan wa Muwatta’at, Sihah wa Mustakhrajat, ‘Ulum al-Hadith, Masanid, Ma‘ajim wa Masyikhat, Mawdu‘at, Musannaf wa Jawami‘, Akhlak, Amali, Tafsir al-Qur’an, Zuhud wa Raqa’iq, Sirah wa Syama’il, Manaqib al-Sahabah, ‘Ulum al-Qur’an, ‘Aqidah as well as Fiqh. (2) Collecting as many as 700 thousand narrations of hadith with derivation of rulings in brief, criticisms of the narrators in sanad, in addition to the convenience of researching the diversity of the sanad of the same matan or the meaning of the same lafaz through takhrij and syawahid. (3) Collecting as many as nearly 70 thousand tarjamah al-Rawi. (4) Providing four search options of narrators and hadiths. The search spaces include: a) Kutub jawami‘ al-Kalim which is the main search field that will display to users the comprehensive results of matan of hadith, narrators of hadiths, masdar al-Hadith together with the author's name and year of death, derivation of hadith rulings and syawahid to name a few that will be elaborated in depth by the researchers. b) Ruwah hadith jawami‘ al-Kalim which presents an introduction to the narrators. The search results will display general introduction to the narrators, criticisms of Islamic scholars, jarah wa ta‘dil against it, teachers and students, as well as the information about hadith transmitters that are included in the Book of Tahdhib al-Kamal by al-Mizzi encompasses five introductory elements i.e. ta‘rif ‘am, jarah wa al-‘Adalah, al-Syuyukh, al-Talamidh, and Tahdhib al-Kamal. c) Al-Bahth al-Mutaqaddim li al-Ruwah which is the search of narrators with multiple choice categories. It provides free optional services to Internet users whether to seek the narrator by name, place of residence, place of birth, place of death, year of death, position (thiqah, maqbul, saduq, kadhdhab and so forth), nasab, laqab, mazhab, Books written and others. d) Al-Bahth al-Mutaqaddim li al-Hadith which is like the search room mentioned earlier that provides free optional services to Internet users whether to seek hadith based on nu‘ al-

92

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Sunnah (Qawliyyah, Fi‘liyyah, Taqririyyah dan Syamail), nu‘ al-Hadith (Qudsi dan Marfu‘) or al-Hukm ‘ala al-Hadith (Sahih, Hasan, Da‘if dan Mawdu‘). (5) Matan and sanad are categorised with different colors. Each color represents certain aspects. For instance: Red: Narrators who narrated the author of the Book (al-Muhaddith). At the same time, it also shows the derivation of hadith rulings. Dark Blue: Companion’s narrator or rawi al-A‘la of the hadith. Dark Red: Narrators in the chain of transmissions. Bluish Green: Companion’s name in the matan. Blue: The words of Allah (swt) in hadith qudsi (sacred hadith) or verses from the Quran in matan explaining the asbab al-Nuzul or its interpretations (tafseer works). Green: Matan of hadith of the Prophet (pbuh) or to indicate the Prophet’s true nature. If in the matan, it was found that there were words of the companions such as a question to the Prophet (pbuh), it would be colored black. Purple: Proclamation of tahammul al-Hadith haddathana, ‘an‘anah, sami‘tu, and so forth. 7.2

Web Search Results of Islamweb

Name of Book and Chapter

The link to see the takhrij, syawahid, atraf as well as al-Asanid..

Sanad and Matan of hadith Hukm of hadith is briefly stated

Nu‘ al-Hadith: Hadith Marfu’, Mawquf atau Maqtu’ Figure 5: Web search results of Islamweb

93

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Each colour represents the level of the narrator of jarh wa ta’dil.

Figure 6: Features to figure the sanad of hadith via the link of atraf. It presents the diversity of turuq sanad through the same narrator. The picture shows that sanad is divided into two transmission paths i.e. Muhammad b. Thabit and also Habibah bt. Maysarah. They narrated the same hadith of Ummu Kurzin. However, since Habibah bt. Maysarah was rated as laysa bi alQawi, then the transmission line through him was considered as da‘if. This facility also provides convenience to researchers to know mutaba‘at.

Figure 7: Features to figure turuq sanad narrated by al-Muhaddith of the same hadith via the link of al-Asanid. The picture shows the hadith narrated in Sunan al-Nasa’i through Ummu Kurzin by Ahmad b. Syu‘ayb by Qutaybah b. Sa‘id until the end, Sunan Abu Dawud through Ummu Kurzin by Sulaiman b. al-‘Asy‘ab by Musaddad by Hammad b. Zayd until the end and so forth.

94

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Figure 8: Features to figure turuq sanad narrated by other companions of the same hadith via the link of syawahid. The pictures show some sections of sanad where ‘Abd Rabbih, Ummu Kurzin, ‘Abd Allah b. ‘Abbas, as well as ‘A’isyah bt. ‘Abd Allah were highlighted as the highest narrators or rawi alA‘la. Hadith Search Results: (1) Kitab/Masdar al-Hadith, (2) Chain of hadith narrators (sanad), (3) Text of hadith (matan), (4) Biographies of transmitters with five introductory elements which include ta’rif ‘am, al-Jarh wa al-‘Adalah, al-Syuyukh, al-Talamidh, and Tahdhib al-Kamal, (5) Ranking of hadith in the Book, (6) Identifying the rank of hadith in other Books via the link of takhrij apart from the convenience of the syawahid, atraf and al – Asanid in order to help finding syawahid and mutaba'at of a hadith, (7) Types of hadith based on sanad, (8) Derivation of hadith rulings. 8.0

Analysis Of Hadith Through Search Results

The analysis was conducted on the links to identify the best sites that can be used by the researchers in the process of doing takhrij of hadith. Although limited to certain Books, it could

95

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


still facilitate the researchers to get some information about hadith. Assessment of hadith-related information is based on the objectives of takhrij i.e.: a. Identifying the position of hadith in the original reference sources. b. Identifying narrators of hadith by looking at their positions from the point of al-Jarh wa al-Ta‘dil. c. Stating the sanad as well as matan of a hadith. d. Identifying the rank and status of hadith i.e. sahih (sound), hasan (good), da`if (weak) or maudu` (fabricated, forged). e. Identifying the hadith and its classifications by viewing at the elements found in sanad and also in matan.

Therefore, the researchers have concluded that there are approximately nine hadith-related elements which are necessary to meet the objectives above. Among them include: a. Source of hadith. b. Position of hadith in the Book and also in the Chapter. c. Chain of sanad. d. Matan. e. Syawahid and mutaba‘at. f. Biography of narrators. g. Types of hadith based on sanad. h. Types of hadith based on matan. i. Hukm of hadith.

According to Table 1 below, search facility provided by Islamweb is more advanced as it has provided access to eight from the nine required for hadith information as mentioned earlier. This is followed by Mawqi’ al-Islam where there are about six sources related to hadith which can be obtained from i.e. source of hadith, position of hadith in the Book as well as in Chapter, chain of sanad, matan, position of hadith in other Books that enables the researchers to analyze syawahid, mutabaat, and hukm of hadith.

On the other hand, al-Durar al-Saniyyah only provides three main access to hadith-related information i.e. source of hadith, matan and also hukm of hadith. Although the chain of hadith is

96

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


not displayed, the highest narrators i.e. Prophet’s companions are still stated in the search results.

Furthermore, Islamweb has recorded the highest number in the collection of 1400 hadith which is equivalent to 700,000 sanad as compared to al-Durar al-Saniyyah (583 Books which are equivalent to 30000 sanad) and also Mawqi’ al-Islam (9 Books of hadith and 7 books of lecture). With all these facilities, Islamweb is viewed as the best web page that can be used by the researchers to facilitate their studies of takhrij in cyberspace. Although al-Durar al-Saniyyah provides easier access to information about hadith as compared to Mawqi’ al-Islam, yet potential links to hadith is much broader in Islamweb in terms of larger volumes of Books available. Table 1: The analysis of results on the three websites No.

Information

Islamweb

Al-Durar al-

Mawqi’ al-

Saniyyah

Islam

1.

Source of Hadith

√

√

√

2.

Position of Hadith

√

x

√

3.

Sanad

√

4.

Matan

√

(Only states the narrators of sahabah) √

5.

Syawahid/Mutabaat Biography of narrator (al-Jarh wa Ta’dil) Types of Hadith Based on Sanad Types of Hadith Based on Matan Hukm of Hadith

√

x

√

√

x

x

√

x

x

x

x

x

√

√

√

6. 7. 8. 9.

9.0

Hadith

√ √

Conclusion

Islamweb, al-Durar al-Saniyyah as well as Mawqi’ al-Islam are three major sites that have been providing a means of fast access to hadith in cyberspace. It has led one of the categories of hadith usage which is educational in nature in order to access the texts of hadith. Therefore, Islamweb is seen to have dominated the issues of access to information about hadith with some advantages available. Undeniably, these three web pages have successfully harmonized the

97

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


development of hadith applications in the era of ICT with their unique advantages and facilities specifically related to takhrij al-Hadith. The work and effort spent on these websites should be a starting point for the authority in developing a better website for empowering and enhancing the Sunnah in the future. 10.0

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Universiti Teknologi MARA under the Research Grant iRAGS 2015 (Project Code: 205115160002).

11.0

References

Books Al-Sharq al-Riyadi, Febuari 1, 2010:7 “Menteri Wakaf Ambil Alih Mawsu‘ah fi al-Hadith alNabawi”. Abd al-Mawjud Abd al-Latif (1984), Kasf al-Litham An Asrar Takhrij Hadith Sayid al-Anam, Kahirah: Maktabah al-Azhar. Faisal Ahmad Shah (2010), Takhrij Hadith Teknik Pencarian Hadith Yang Tepat dan Berkesan, Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan al-Quran dan al-Hadith, APIUM. Muhammad Abu Layth Khayr Abadi (2005), Takhrij al-Hadith Nasyatuhu wa Manhajiyatuhu, Bangi: Dar Syakir. Munirah Abd Razzak dan Nik Mohd Zaim Abd Rahim (2011), Memasyarakatkan Ilmu Takhrij Hadith Pada Khalayak Penulis Di Malaysia, dalam Faisal Ahmad Shah et al., Takhrij Hadith Di Nusantara, Keperluan Masa Kini. Kuala Lumpur: Jabatan al-Quran and al-Hadith, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya, hlm. 115-142. Shahril Nizam Zulkipli dan Ishak Suliaman (2013), Autoriti Hadith di Internet, Kuala Lumpur: UM Press. Shahril Nizam Zulkipli (2012), Pemeliharaan Hadith di Era ICT: Kajian Terhadap al-Durar alSaniyyah dan Islamweb, Disertasi Ijazah Sarjana Usuluddin, Universiti Malaya. Shahril Nizam Zulkipli, Muhammad Faidz Mohd Fadzil dan Ishak Suliaman (2011), Pembelajaran Capaian Teks Hadith Berautoriti Di Internet: Kajian Terhadap Laman Sesawang

98

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Islamweb dalam Fauzi Deraman et.al (Ed.), Sunnah Nabi Realiti dan Cabaran Semasa (233252). Kuala Lumpur, Jabatan al-Quran dan al-Hadith, APIUM. Subhi al-Salih (2007), Ulum al-Hadith wa Mustalahuhu, Tim Pustakan Firdaus (terj.), Jakarta: Pustakan Firdaus. Syed Ardi Bin Syed Yahya Kamal et al. (t.t.), Pembelajaran Masa Depan - Mobile Learning (MLearning) Di Malaysia, Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Internet

Ana Muslimah, http://www.muslmh.com/vb/t74617.html Al-Islam Su’al wa Jawab, http://www.islamqa.com/ar/cat/244 _____________________ http://ahlalhdeeth.com Al-Ahadith al-Nabawiyyah al-Syarif, http://www.islam2all.com/hadeeth/mo.html Al-Mishkat, http://www.almeshkat.net/books/list.php?cat=9 Ahl al-Hadith wa al-Athar, http://www.alathar.net/home/ebook/ index.php?op=shca &catid=3, dan lain-lain, 14 Julai 2011. Al-Muhaddith, http://www.muhaddith.org/a_hadith.html Al-Maktabah al-Waqfeyah, http://www.waqfeya.com/ Al-Maktabah al-Syamilah, http://shamela.ws/ Al-Kifayah, http://www.alkefayah.com/catplay.php? catsmktba=420 __________ http://www.alkefayah.com/catplay.php?catsmktba=429 Al-Mawsu‘ah al-Syamilah, http://www.islamport.com, 25 Januari 2011. Al-Muhaddith, http://www.muhaddith.org/a_index.html, 25 Januari 2011. Al-Jami‘ al-Hadith al-Nabawi, http://www.sonnaonline.com/SearchSarfi.aspx, 25 Julai 2011. Haqiqah, http://www.factway.net/vb/t3539. html Islam to all, http://www.islam2 all.com/hadeeth/alboukhari/index.php Islamweb, http://audio.islamweb.net/ Kutub

Takhrij

al-Hadith

al-Nabawi

al-Syarif

li

al-Syaykh

Nasir

al-Din

http://islamicweb.com/ara bic/books/albani.asp Mawqi‘ Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah, http://www.sunna.info/Lessons/cat_35.html Mawqi‘ al-Sutiyyat, http://aleman-lidfa-aledman.net/voiceS/ppo7.html Muntadiyat Qasimi net, http://www.qassimy.com/vb/show thread.php?t=63971 Muntada al-Ma‘ali http://forum.ma3ali.net/t86224.html Multaqa Ahl al-Hadith, http://ahlalhdeeth.com

99

al-Albani,

Vol. 73 | No. 4 | Apr 2017


Muntadiyat Tariq al- Mawqi‘ al-Islam, http://hadith.al-islam.com/Loader.aspx?pageid=261, Nida’ al-Iman, http://www.al-eman.com/hadeeth Nida’ al-Iman, http://www.al-eman.com/book/display-category.htm?catId=702&head=true, Sahih al-Bukhari, http://islam.aljayyash.net/alboukhary/ Syabkah al-Fasih, http://www.alfaseeh. com/vb/showthread.php?38888 Syabkah al-Sunah al-Nabawiyyah wa ‘Ulumiha, http://www.alssunnah. com/main/Default.aspx

100