TE-RE-RD 2016

5th International Conference of Thermal Equipment, Renewable Energy and Rural Development

TE-RE-RD 2016 (printed)

ORGANIZERS:

University “POLITEHNICA” of Bucharest Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics Faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering National Institute of Research – Development for Machines and Installations Designed to Agriculture and Food Industry – INMA Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Romania

Romanian Agricultural Mechanical Engineers Society – SIMAR

Editors: Prof.dr.ing. Assoc. Prof.dr.ing.

Lucian MIHĂESCU Gabriel-Paul NEGREANU

Golden Sands – Bulgaria 2-4 June 2016

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ISSN 2359-7941 ISSN-L 2359-7941

Editura POLITEHNICA PRESS COVER:

Gabriel-Paul Negreanu

HONORARY COMMITTEE Prof. Mihnea COSTOIU Prof. Ecaterina ANDRONESCU Prof. Gigel PARASCHIV Prof. Tudor PRISECARU Dr. Ion PIRNA Prof. Viorel BADESCU Dipl. Eng. Mihai DARABAN Prof. Velizara PENCHEVA

ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA BULGARIA

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Dr. Atanas ATANASOV Prof. Hristo BELOEV Prof. Boncho BONEV Prof. Alexandru DOBROVICESCU Prof. Ion DONA Dr. Georgii GELETUKHA Prof. Iliya ILIEV Prof. Ion V. ION Prof. Krzysztof JESIONEK Prof. Dragolub JIVKOVIC Prof. Önder KABAŞ Prof. Nicola KALOYANOV Prof. Imre KISS Prof. Silvio KOSUTIC Prof. Edmond MAICAN Prof. Milan MARTINOV Prof. Nicolay MIHAILOV Prof. Dean MITROVIC Prof. Alfonso NASTRO Prof. Vlastimir NIKOLIC Prof. Simeon OKA Prof. Constantin PANA Prof. Ionel PÎȘĂ Prof. Carmen POPESCU Prof. Violeta RASHEVA Prof. Kemal Çağatay SELVİ Prof. Lubomir SOOS Prof. Marija TODOROVIC Prof. Totyo TOTEV Prof. Tanay Sidki UYAR Prof. Rosen VASILEV Prof. Gheorghe VOICU Dr. Nikolai ZLATOV

BULGARIA BULGARIA BULGARIA ROMANIA ROMANIA UKRAINE BULGARIA ROMANIA POLAND SERBIA TURKEY BULGARIA ROMANIA CROATIA ROMANIA SERBIA BULGARIA SERBIA ITALY SERBIA SERBIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA BULGARIA TURKEY SLOVAKIA SERBIA BULGARIA TURKEY BULGARIA ROMANIA UK

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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chairman Co-chairmen Members

Prof. Lucian MIHĂESCU Prof. Sorin-Ştefan BIRIŞ Dr. Gabriel-Paul NEGREANU Dr. Valentin VLĂDUŢ Dr. Cristian-Gabriel ALIONTE Dr. Valentin APOSTOL Prof. Mircea BADESCU Dipl.Eng. Viorel BERBECE Dr. Cristina COVALIU Dipl. Eng. Dan CUJBESCU Dr. Mihaela DUŢU Dr. Iulian DUŢU Prof. Iliya ILIEV Dr. Zhivko KOLEV Dipl.Eng. Mihai MATACHE Dr. Elena POP Dr. Pencho ZLATEV

ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA ROMANIA BULGARIA BULGARIA ROMANIA ROMANIA BULGARIA

Secretary Dipl.ing. Iulia GĂGEANU Dipl. ing. Gabriel GHEORGHE

ROMANIA ROMANIA

CONFERENCE SPONSOR Sos. Bucuresti - Magurele nr. 232 051434 Bucuresti 5, Romania Tel: +40 21 255 31 32 Fax: +40 21 255 30 66

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SPACE ANALYSIS AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT USING A BUILDING INFORMATIONAL MODEL Ioana Udrea*19, Tudor Trita2, Romeo Traian Popa3

ASC-Romania, 9 Stefan Marinescu Street, District 6, 060121, Bucharest, Romania 2 ROFMA, 47-53 Lascar Catargiu Blvd., District 1,010665, Bucharest 3 Polytechnic University of Bucharest, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Thermodynamics Department, 313 Spl. Independentei 313, District 6, 060042, Bucharest, Romania 1

ABSTRACT Building Information Models (BIMs) are files containing physical and functional characteristics of the building and linked data, which can be exchanged or networked to support decision-making. BIM represent a current trend that permits exchange of information in digital format between different areas of activity, design, construction, energy assessment and Facility Management. A Building Information Model has been done using a Romanian office building and its digital plans. The goal of this paper is to make a space allocation for the newly created BIM that can offer multiple meanings: organizational structure, functional structure according to European norm EN 15221-6, and a grouping of the spaces to facilitate energy performance assessment of the building. For this purpose ARCHIBUS, a Facility Management software, was used. It is for the first time when, in ARHIBUS, such a multiple interdisciplinary space classification is done.

1. INTRODUCTION BIM is a worldwide trend at the moment and it is beginning to change the way buildings look, the way they function, and the ways in which they are designed and built. From the worldwide preoccupation related to BIM we can mention, BuildingSMART alliance [1], a council of the National Institute of Building Science. It is a North American organization that coordinates the creation of tools and standards that allow projects to be built electronically before they are built physically using Building Information Modeling. The organization develops standards as United States National CAD Standard [2] and United States National BIM Standard [3], comprehensive norms related to building informational models development. From the definition given by International Facility Management Association (IFMA), Facility Management (FM) is a profession that encompasses multiple disciplines to ensure functionality of the built environment by integrating people, place, process and technology [4]. According to EN 15221-1 [5] definition FM represents “integration of processes within an organization to maintain and develop the agreed services which support and improve the effectiveness of its primary activities.” A good presentation of FM and its history can be found on European Facility Management Network (EuroFM) [6]. An important promoter of Facility Management in our country is Romanian Facility Management Association (ROFMA) [7]. In order to help facility managers to conduct their activity a lot of appropriate pieces of software have been developed. According to [8], Buildium is a finest choice of property Corresponding author: PhD. Ioana Udrea Tel.: +040 744 661303 E-mail address: [email protected] *

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management software, especially for residential properties and associations. Buildium stands out for its clean and easy to navigate interface. Total Management is good commercial property management software. One of the best features is the highly customizable dashboard and it is optimal for multitasking. Another classification of facility management software [9] presents software as DirectLine, a Web-based service that provides solutions management maintenance and inventory cost and has 25 years of successful implementations. CAFM explorer is a software product for organizations looking to better utilize space, improve service levels, and tighten cost control. Here ARCHIBUS, , a global provider of software and services for real estate, facility, and infrastructure management can be found too. From the facility management field presentation done in [10] results that ARCHIBUS is one of the industry's leading software packages that it is compatible with Microsoft Office products and AutoCAD. The author mentions also IBM - Maximo Asset Management, a commercial maintenance management system. According to [11], ARCHIBUS is a brand of internationally renowned property management software. Its condition assessment function predicts and evaluates the future repair and cost efficiency of the maintenance activities. It is also designed to track the execution progress of maintenance activities. BIM models can be used by some of the facility management software. This kind of software is an IWMS (Integrated Workplace Management System) that gets a single, integrated real estate-focused solution that addresses all operational areas of the five core functional areas: Space Management, Operations and Maintenance, Real Estate Management, Capital Project Management, Sustainability and Energy Management. Space Management module has features that permit CAD/BIM integration. Before IWMS it was used CAFM system that has less functional area and operates from multiple technology platforms whereas true IWMS solutions are based on a single platform and database repository [12]. A typical CAFM system is defined as a combination of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and/or relational database software with specific abilities for Facilities Management (FM) [13]. In this paper it is wanted to allow the use of the same building model for more disciplines. That means a time economy and a systematization of the data. At the same time, it is desired that a modification of the building model to generate the modification of the data to be transmitted. For those purposes a BIM model was realized and linked to a FM software. 2. METHOD AND PROCEDURE 2.1 Building description MultiGalaxy, building rented by OMV Petrom Global Solutions SRL, is a big office building, with ten floors and a gross area over 15.000 sqm, inaugurated in 2008. It is an A class office building, according to BOMA [14] and has a very good add on factor 3.7% (difference between the usable area and the rentable area of an office building expressed as a factor of the rentable area). The building is provided with two generators of 700 kW power and last generation security and protection systems. The building has curtain walls composed of Schuco structure and glass type Guardian. The HVAC system is realized by a three pipes heating/cooling plant type Sanyo with VRF (Variable Refrigerant Flow) with ecological Freon agent. This kind of system, with three pipes presents the advantage that they can operate simultaneously in heating or cooling regime. A heat recovery system has the ability to simultaneously heat certain zones, while cooling others. The input power of the system is realized by acting the heating pumps compressors using a thermal engine with gas fuel. This kind of system can be used at nominal capacity for outdoor temperatures up to -21 degree. 138

Figure 1: MultiGalaxy, building rented by OMV Petrom Global Solutions SRL

2.2 Software description From the FM software presented in the introduction of this paper the best choice for our purpose is ARCHIBUS. It is a Facilities and Real Estate Management software for every industry that offers a variety of platform options to accommodate the organization's needs from single users within a department, to worldwide access via the Internet. The new Run Anywhere architecture eliminates the need to extract, duplicate, or e-mail data and files [15]. ARCHIBUS software is an IWMS platform that integrated a lot of domains and permits a continuously workspace customization. This software is a complete solution with a lot of real estate capabilities, but in our research Space Planning&Management domain present interest. The building plans can be linked to ARCHIBUS database and thus outline each floor's gross areas, service areas, departmental areas, and other space classifications. Any further modifications of the plans will lead to automate database modification. These kinds of space classification allow an accurate room inventory, employee assignment to organizational space allocation, internally bill departments for their space usage and other benefits. 2.3 Spaces assignments Although in our days BIM refers mainly to 3D buildings models, in this paper, respecting its basic definition as “a model that contains characteristics of the building and linked data which can be exchanged” our works can be considered to be related to a BIM model. Using MultiGalaxy building floor plans and ARCHIBUS Smart Client DWG Editor, the rooms surfaces linked to ARCHIBUS database were realized. After that, the surfaces were allocated to different space categories. Usually, as in ARCHIBUS, an organizational company structure is made of: business unit, division, department, office, and sub-office. In figure 1, a department structure of spaces can be seen. In figure 2, functional structure of spaces according to EN 15221-6 was realized. According to this standard the room’s areas are classified in primary area, circulation area, technical area, and amenity area (toilets, showers, changing rooms). In figure 3 a new space classification according to Romanian norm SR 1907-2 was done. The rooms were classified according to certain specific conventional indoor temperature types.

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Figure 2: MultiGalaxy, ground floor, the organizational structure of spaces

Figure 2: MultiGalaxy, ground floor, the functional structure of spaces according to EN 15221-6

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Figure 3: MultiGalaxy, ground floor, the space structure according to SR 1907-2 [16]

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Building energy consumption can be reduced by the modernization solutions of the building and its systems or by a rational use of energy. More than this, optimal space use generates an energy consumption reduction, in the case in which it is reported to employee, not to square meter. Based on industry studies, many organizations, both from public and private sector, found that their office space is underused. Employee assignment can be done for the organizational structure of the building, fig. 1. Thus, an efficient usage of the spaces is accomplished and energy efficiency, reported to employee instead of sqm, is significantly reduced. For functional classification of the building, fig. 2, the space use is carefully watched and the common area, for example, can be reduced and thus, the energy used, reported to sqm of rented area, can decrease. From space structure classification, according to SR 1907-2, fig. 3, the room areas corresponding to different conventional indoor temperatures were exported from ARCHIBUS to Excel files. The data is systematized in table 1, where the indoor reduced temperature is computed. It is used further in energy evaluation programs, in order to find energy use for the studied building. More than this, indoor space classification, according to the temperatures recommended by the standard can be used in the set point setting for the HVAC system sensors. Thus, energy saving can be done. Table 1: MultiGalaxy, groound floor, indoor reduced temperature computation [m2]

Supr T_i [ºC]

BIR

519.1 20

HOL

54.4 15

GRSAN

84.3 15

BUF

115.6 20

INTR

123.5 12

141

SALI

376.0 18

SCARI

12.2 15

VEST

105.8 22

1390.9 18.4

TOTAL T_i_red

4. CONCLUSIONS It is for the first time when, using ARCHIBUS software, such a multiple interdisciplinary space classification is done. Organizational and functional space classifications are specific to this software, but a new space classification according to SR 1907-2, and used in further computations for building energy assessment, was realized. Different methods of energy efficiency approach are discussed. An inadequacy between SR 1907-2 conventional indoor temperatures and real temperature values used in office buildings can be observed. It would be useful to update the Romanian norm to real conditions in the nonresidential buildings. References [1] Building SMART alliance – a council of the National Institute of Building Sciences, URL, http://www.nibs.org/?page=bsa, [accessed: March 2016]; [2] United States National CAD Standard – V6, a product of National Institute of Building Sciences buildingSMART alliance; [3] National BIM Standard – United States, an initiative of the National Institute of Building Sciences buildingSMART alliance; [4] IFMATM, International Facility Management Association, URL: https://www.ifma.org/about/what-is-facilitymanagement, [accessed: March 2016]; [5] EN 15221-1:2006, Part 1: Facility management. Terms and definitions., [6] EuroFM, European Facility Management Network, URL: http://www.eurofm.org/index.php/what-is-fm, [accessed: March 2016]; [7] ROFMA, Asociatia Romana de Facility Management, URL: http://www.rofma.ro/, [accessed: April 2016]; [8] Property Management Software Reviews, URL: http://www.reviews.com/property-management-software/, [accessed: March 2016]; [9] Capterra, Top Facility Management Software Products, URL: http://www.capterra.com/facility-managementsoftware/, [accessed: March 2016]; [10] Lee S., Akin O., Augmented reality-based computational fieldwork support for equipment operations and maintenance, Automation in Construction 20 (2011) 338–352; [11] Chang C. Y., Tsai M. D., Augmented reality-based computational fieldwork support for equipment operations and maintenance Knowledge-based navigation system for building health diagnosis, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Volume 27, Issue 2, April 2013, Pages 246–260 [12] Planon – Aim for the Optimum, URL: http://planonsoftware.com/uk/glossary/cafm/, [accessed: March 2016]; [13] WBDG – Whole Building Design Guide, a program of the U. S. National Institute of Building Sciences, URL: https://www.wbdg.org/om/cafm.php, [accessed: March 2016]; [14] Office Buildings: Standard Methods of Measurement - English Version (ANSI/BOMA Z65.1—2010) [15] Zawadski C., 2010, Latest Version of ARCHIBUS Software Helps Reduce Carbon Footprint and Lower Real Estate, Infrastructure, and Facilities Management Costs, URL: http://archibus.com/press-release/1114/, [accessed: March 2016]; [16] SR 1907-2/1997 – Romanian Norm, Heating systems. Conventional calculation indoor temperatures;

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