327.1-dc22. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Reinalda, Bob.
The Ashgate research companion to non-state actors / by Bob Reinalda. p. cm.
THE ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION to
NON-STATE
Edited by
BOB REINALDA
a]
ASHGATE
© Bob Reinalda and the contributors 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Bob Reinalda has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work. Published by Ashgate Publishing Limited Wey Court East Union Road Famham Surrey GU9 7PT England
Ashgate Publishing Company Suite 420 101 Cherry Street Burlington, VT 05401-4405 USA
www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data The Ashgate research companion to non-state actors. 1. Non-state actors (International relations) 2. Non-governmental organizations. I. Research companion to non-state actors II. Reinalda, Bob. 327.1-dc22 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reinalda, Bob. The Ashgate research companion to non-state actors / by Bob Reinalda. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7546-7906-6 (hardback : alk. p ap er)-ISB N 978-0-7546-9794-7 (e-book) 1. Non-governmental organizations. 2. International agencies. 3. International business enterprises. I. Title: Non-state actors. JZ4841.R45 2010 341.2—dc22 2010034763 ISBN 9780754679066 (hbk) ISBN 9780754697947 (ebk)
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AS HGATE RESEARCH COMPANION
Contents List o f Figures and Tables List o f Contributors
ix xi
Part I: Introduction and Sources 1 2
3 4
Non-State Actors in the International System of States Bob Reinalda The Yearbook o f International Organizations and Quantitative Non-State Actor Research Elizabeth Bloodgood Researching Transnational History: The Example of Peace Activism Thomas Richard Davies The United Nations Intellectual History Project and the Role of Ideas Francis Baert
3
19 35 47
Part II: Actors Other than Governments 5 6
7
8 9
Transnational Religious Actors John T.S. M adeley and Jeffrey Haynes Transnational Corporations and the Regulation of Business at the Global Level Karsten Ronit Unravelling the Political Role of Experts and Expertise in the Professional Services Industry Angela Wigger Parliaments and Parliamentarians as International Actors Andrés M alamud and Stelios Stavridis Autonomous Agencies of the European Union as Non-State Actors Martijn Groenleer
63
75
89
101 117
Part III: Perceptions and Understanding 10
Liberal Political Philosophy: The Role of Non-State Actors and Considerations of Global Justice G eoff Gordon and Roland Pierik
133
T h e A sh g a t e R e se a r c h C o m p a n io n to N o n - S tate A cto rs
11
12
13 14 15 16
Non-Governmental Organizations and Non-State Actors in International Law Anna-Karin Lindblom Intergovernmental Organizations in International Relations Theory and as Actors in World Politics Joel E. Oestreich Inter-Organizational Relations: An Emerging Research Programme Rafael Biermann Civil Society and NGO: Far from Unproblematic Concepts Norbert Gotz Non-State and State Actors in Global Governance M artin Koch Limitations of Intergovernmental and Non-Governmental Organizations Dennis Dijkzeul and William E. DeMars
147
161 173 185 197
209
Part IV: Nature and Impact 17 18
19 20
21
22
23 24
25 26
Non-State Actors and the Transformation of Diplomacy Brian Hocking Dynamism and Resilience of Intergovernmental Organizations in a World of Persisting State Power and Rising Non-State Actors Yves Schemed International Bureaucracies: Organizing World Politics Steffen Bauer and Silke Weinlich Interest Representation and Advocacy within the European Union: The M aking of Democracy? Sabine Saurugger From Agenda Setting to Decision Making: Opening the Black Box of Non-Governmental Organizations Liesbet Heyse Non-Governmental Organizations and Decision Making in the United Nations Jutta Joachim The Ongoing Organizational Reform of the United Nations Yves Beigbeder Reporting and Peer Review in the Implementation of International Rules: W hat Role for Non-State Actors? Thomas Conzelmann Accountability of Public and Private International Organizations Steve Charnovitz Non-State Actors and the Proliferation and Individualization of International Dispute Settlement Eric De Brabandere
225
237 251
263
277
291 303
319 333
347
C ontents
Part V: Separate Worlds 27 28 29 30
31
32 33 34
Politics and the World of Humanitarian Aid Wolf-Dieter Eberwein Non-Governmental Organizations in the Human Rights World Anja M ihr Non-State Actors in the Global Security World Carolyn M. Stephenson Non-State Actors in the Developm ent Aid World as Seen from the South Moushumi Basu Cities for Citizens in the Global South: Approaches of Non-Governmental Organizations Working in Urban Development Diana Mitlin Non-State Actors in the Global Health World Peter Hough Non-State Actors in Multilateral Trade Governance Dirk De Bievre and M arcel H anegraaff Non-State Actors and Environmental Governance: Comparing Multinational, Supranational and Transnational Rule Making Lars H. Gulbrandsen, Steinar Andresen and Jon Birger Skjaerseth
363 377 391
405
419 433 447
463
477 543
Bibliography Index
vii
THE ASHGATE RESEARCH COMPANION to
NON-STATE ACTORS Edited by BOB REINALDA How do non-state actors matter in international relations? This volume recognizes three types of non-state actor: non-governmental organizations (NCOs), intergovernmental organizations (ICOs) and transnational corporations. It illustrates how they play roles alongside nation-states and are interrelated in matters of international regulation and coordination. After an introductory part on current qualitative and quantitative sources, this comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art essays is comprised of four main thematic parts: Part II examines actors other than governments, such as transnational religious actors, business representatives and experts, and also parliamentarians and agencies set up by ICOs. Part III studies the perceptions and understandings in political philosophy, international law and international relations theory. It questions concepts used (civil society, NCO, governance) and covers the limitations to be kept in mind. Part IV analyses the nature and impact of non-state actors. Chapters discuss processes within international bureaucracies (diplomacy, dynamism, bureaucratic power, contribution to democracy) and the quintessence of deliberation and decision making within NCOs and ICOs and of implementation, accountability and dispute settlement. Part V studies specific worlds of non-state actors: humanitarian aid, human rights, security, the North-South divide, health, trade and environment. Accessible and articulately written, The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors is aimed at a wide readership of scholars and practitioners in international relations. Bob Reinalda is a Researcher in Political Science at Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands. He has written a history of international organizations between 1815 and 2009, covering both intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. He has also co-edited studies about autonomous policy making by, decision making within, and implementation by international organizations (with Bertjan Verbeek and Jutta Joachim). He is currently preparing a biographical dictionary of secretaries-general of intergovernmental organizations.
