The Making of Sustainable Urban Development: A Synthesis ... - MDPI

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The Making of Sustainable Urban Development: A Synthesis Framework Hui-Ting Tang and Yuh-Ming Lee * Institute of Natural Resources Management, National Taipei University, 151 University Road, San Shia District, New Taipei City 23741, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-2-8674-1111 (ext. 67333) Academic Editor: Md Saidul Islam Received: 29 February 2016; Accepted: 14 May 2016; Published: 19 May 2016

Abstract: In a time of rapid climate change and environmental degradation, planning and building an ecologically sustainable environment have become imperative. In particular, urban settlements, as a densely populated built environment, are the center of attention. This study aims to build a clear and concise synthesis of sustainable urban development not only to serve as an essential reference for decision and policy makers, but also encourage more strategically organized sustainability efforts. The extensive similarities between environmental planning and a policy-making/decision-making/problem-solving process will be carefully examined to confirm the fundamental need to build a synthesis. Major global urban sustainability rankings/standards will be presented, discussed, and integrated to produce a holistic synthesis with ten themes and three dimensions. The study will assemble disparate information across time, space, and disciplines to guide and to facilitate sustainable urban development in which both environmental concerns and human wellbeing are addressed. Keywords: sustainable urban development; synthesis framework; environmental planning

1. Introduction 1.1. Challenges of Climate Change and Environmental Degredation: Cities on the Front Line The climate change we are facing now is of large scale and high speed, unprecedented and unseen in the past. It occurs across national borders and geographical boundaries and has already taken its toll on humankind. The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) compiled by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) makes a shocking but truthful observation: global average surface temperatures have increased by about 0.74 ˝ C over the past one hundred years (between 1906 and 2005) and 2005 and 1998 were the two warmest years in the instrumental global surface air temperature record since 1850 [1]. In the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) released in 2013, new atmospheric temperature measurements are used and the IPCC goes further to “show an estimated warming of 0.85 ˝ C (1.5 ˝ F) since 1880 with the fastest rate of warming in the Arctic” [2]. Several different scenarios of the 21st century global temperatures and greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentrations have been described in the AR5, and it has been projected that “global surface temperature increases will exceed 1.5 ˝ C and keep rising beyond 2100 in all scenarios except the lowest-emission scenario” [2]. The speed of global warming is picking up and, without cooperative measures from around the world to limit GHGs emissions, “in the scenarios with higher rates of emissions, warming is likely to exceed 2 ˝ C by 2100, and could even exceed 4 ˝ C” [2]. Also noted by the IPCC is that rising sea levels are a particularly serious outcome of global warming. Worldwide sea level is expected to increase by 8–88 cm during the 21st century [3].

Sustainability 2016, 8, 492; doi:10.3390/su8050492

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Sustainability 2016, 8, 492

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As temperatures increase, more floods, droughts, diseases, famines, and wars will follow, creating millions of dislocated people and destroying ecosystems. According to a team of health and climate scientists from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the University of Wisconsin at Madison, global warming and climate change will not only threaten our health in the future, but also cause more than 150,000 deaths and five million illnesses every year. This number is estimated to double by 2030 [4]. Once the 2 ˝ C threshold of temperature increase is passed, the balance of ecosystem will be thrown off, food and water safety will be compromised, and extreme weather events will strike. Ultimately comes the extinction of all species. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) defines climate change as “a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods” [5]. It is stated clearly that climate change here refers only to the type originating from human causes. After decades of careful observation and examination, the scientific community has reached a consensus, concluding that climate change is indeed happening and various human activities are to take the majority of the blame. Such a claim is supported by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), which has identified that, since cities are heavily populated and concentrated with human activities like manufacturing and consumption, they produce nearly 60%–70% of the total GHGs emissions. However, cities all over the world take up in total only 2% of the land [6]. It should also be noted that cities not only rank as the most prominent GHGs sources, but also “concentrate disproportional parts of the economy, resource consumption and the decision-making power in most countries” [7]. A staggeringly high proportion of “75% of the global economic production takes place in urban areas” [7]. Not surprisingly, it comes with a price: cities consume 75% of the planet’s resources, generate a comparable percentage of waste, including air pollution, solid waste, and toxic effluents [8] and use 67% of the total global energy consumption [7]. From this perspective, it follows that urbanization, or to be more specific, urban development is indeed strongly associated with environmental degradation. 1.2. Reserch Rationale and Objective Around the globe, rapid urbanization has created immense burdens on public infrastructure, such as transit systems and utility facilities. It has also produced a highly stressed and strained ecosystem. The ongoing reciprocal action between climate change and urbanization further complicates the situation and has greatly threatened the global natural environment, economic development, social stability, and human wellbeing. Combining highly concentrated population and economic assets, urban settlements are truly the places where human impacts on the environment are most extensive, persistent, and focused. Accordingly, it is well recognized that careful planning of the environment of urban settlements will be the crucial step to securing a sustainable future. The fact that cities are the places where a large portion of economic activity and consumption take place means that human impacts on the environment will be the most intense. Contrariwise, environmental impacts on human society will be the most visible. In short, cities are fundamental to climate change management efforts. This compelling fact defines the scope of argument in this study. Namely, the focus of environmental planning presented and discussed below will be perceived from the perspective of urban settlements. We aim to address the challenge of sustainable urban development by means of offering a concise synthesis framework. It will register all concerns in environmental issues and human wellbeing. It will not only serve as a fundamental reference for decision and policy makers, but also encourage more strategically organized efforts in sustainable environmental planning. In this study, Section 1 presents an overview of the problems of climate change and environmental degradation originating from human activities. The rest of the study is organized as follows. Section 2 begins with an investigation of the role of cities both in creating and in addressing the issues of sustainable urban development. Then comes an extensive review of a range of concepts and approaches


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developed by a variety of bodies, showing their focuses and areas of overlap and divergence. Section 3 moves on to argue that environmental planning is a form of policymaking which in its turn is a type of problem-solving that requires a clear formulation of agenda, hence the need of a clear synthesis framework. The framework is finally offered by Section 4, which merges together all the approaches considered through an integrative methodology in order to give them consistency and exhaustiveness. Section 5 in conclusion indicates directions for future applications and research. 2. Overview of Urban Planning and Sustainable Urban Development 2.1. The Role of Urban Planning in Sustainable Urban Development The world’s first cities can be dated back to 3500 B.C. It is generally agreed by scholars that the Uruk Cluster in Mesopotamia is humanity’s first great urban center and city [9]. It was located 150 miles south of the modern-day Baghdad and, ever since its establishment, cities have come in to existence all over the world. Early into the 21st century, cities have started to appear with greater frequency. According to statistics calculated by Global Health Observatory, a program run by the WHO, as of 2010, more than half of all people live in urban areas. It is projected that by 2030, six out of every 10 will live in cities, and by 2050, this proportion will increase to seven out of 10 [10]. Although cities cover only a trivial percentage of the land, they are densely populated and create a high volume of economic activities. It has been observed by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development that “by enabling density—the concentration of people and economic activities in a small geographic space—cities have helped transform economies for many centuries” [11] (p. 1). Statistically, 50% of world gross domestic product (GDP) is generated on just 1.5% of the world’s land, practically all of it in cities [12]. Cities are characterized by high population densities and prosperous human activities and, as stated above, around 70% of GHGs released into the atmosphere are attributed to urban residents [6]. It is hoped by focusing on the planning of cities, the most prominent GHGs sources, we might facilitate sustainability and improve human comfort and development at the same time. Urban planning is defined as “the planning and designing of buildings, roads, and services in a town” [13]. In “urban planning,” we deal with two concepts: “urban environment” and “planning.” Even though the first term is frequently used, it does not mean that it has a universally-agreed-upon definition. In fact, as to what an urban area stands for or what it is comprised of, we still do not have a consensus [14]. In most countries, whether a settlement or population should be classified as rural or urban often depends on its population number, density, physical characteristics, or administrative functions [15]. The International Council for Science proposes a synthesized definition to call urban environment “the natural, built and institutional elements that determine the physical, mental and social health and wellbeing of people who live in cities and towns” [16] (p. 8). As for “planning,” if used in a city or business context, it usually refers to “the establishment of goals, policies, and procedures for a social or economic unit” [17]. From the discussion above, we can see that “cities have thus been planned from the beginning, enabling new settlements, economic specialization, and cultural expression” [11]. Urbanization is most evident in the context of cities where the majority of global population resides and therefore brings about the most significant environmental impact. It can be reasonably inferred that human activity is the principal driving force of various kinds of environmental problems. With so many residents and properties in them, cities are also the most vulnerable in the face of extreme weather events or other climate-related impacts. For example, compared with rural areas, big cities will encounter a more rapid temperature increase because of the heat island effect. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, any city with one million people or more can be 1–3 ˝ C warmer than surrounding areas in terms of the annual mean air temperature [18]. This shall increase or aggregate health problems. From this point of view, cities are indeed both the victimizers


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and the victims. To solve this cyclical problem, cities, or urban settlements, should be carefully planned from the beginning. 2.2. Different Views and Aspects of Sustainable Urban Development To address the challenges of climate change and environmental degradation, more holistic planning of urban development has become our immediate priority. In 1973, the United Nations Environmental Progamme (UNEP) declared 5 June of every year as the World Environment Day to promote global environmental awareness of the importance of taking prompt action to protect and to preserve the Earth. Its theme in 2005 was “Green Cities” and used the slogan “Plan for the Planet!” Starting from 1986, the UN-HABITAT nominated the first Monday of every October as the World Habitat Day. Every year, in the commemoration of this day, a specific topic on urban environment and development is celebrated, such as “Planning Our Urban Future” in 2009, “Better City, Better Life” in 2010, and “Cities and Climate Change” in 2011. They all call for cities around the world to alleviate pressure on the ecosystem and to ensure the quality and security of our living environment. The aim of sustainable urban development has emerged and spawned numerous urban settlement theories, including the “Healthy City”, “Sustainable City”, “Low-Carbon City”, “Transit-Oriented City”, “Compact City”, “Smart City”, “Green City”, and “Livable City”. These theories may come with different concerns in different areas, but they all share one central idea and ultimate goal: achieving maximum development with minimum resource consumption and environmental impact to ensure the well-being of both humans and the Earth. Investigating the relationship between humans and environment has always attracted considerable attention. The concept of the “Healthy City” is used in the field of public sanitation and city design; it emphasizes how policies can influence human health. It originated in the mid-19th century and its modern incarnation appeared in the Initiative on Healthy Cities and Villages advocated by the WHO in 1986 [19]. At the time, 11 cities were initially chosen to participate in the project and follow the principle of “Health for All (HTA)” [20]. The WHO points out that many factors, including society, economy, and environment, influence human health, so planning a Healthy City not only involves public health protection, but also requires efforts in political, economic, and social arenas [21]. A Healthy City will bring many benefits, such as “a clean, safe physical environment of high quality”, “the meeting of basic needs for all the city’s people”, and “an ecosystem that is stable now and sustainable in the long term” [20]. The WHO initiated the Healthy Cities Project in 1990 and 47 countries participated in it during the first stage. At the time, the WHO drew up 53 Healthy Cities Indicators as initial references and continued to collected relevant data and statistics. After meticulous study and analysis, the 53 indicators were condensed into 32 and were classified in four categories: Health Indicators, Health Service Indicators, Environmental Indicators, and Socio-economic Indicators [22]. Since the urban environment comprises a wide range of elements and its form of planning is varied, the “Sustainable City” has become a major trend in many countries. It takes environmental impacts into consideration during the design phase of city planning and encourages residents to actively reduce their energy and water consumption and to limit their emissions of GHGs and other pollutants. In 2002, the International Environmental Technology Centre of the UNEP and the Environment Protection Authority of Victoria in Australia collaborated to hold an international expert panel in Melbourne. From it, the Melbourne Principles for Sustainable Cities were developed. The vision promoted by the principles is to “create environmentally healthy, vibrant and sustainable cities where people respect one another and nature, to the benefit of all” [23]. Rather than a fixed framework, the principles are designed to be flexible enough to be adopted by any cities and they provide a starting point for decision-makers on the journey towards sustainability, assisting government officials in understanding the implications of decisions taken at a broad strategic level [23].


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The “Low-Carbon City” is sometimes referred to as the “Low-Emission City”. To confront the issue of ever-increasing GHGs emissions, the UNEP and the UNFCCC have been advocating Adaption and Mitigation: the former addresses the adverse effects of climate change, responds to the impacts of existing climate change, and improves resilience against future impacts [24]; the latter refers to reduction or prevention of GHGs emissions. For example, “mitigation can mean using new technologies and renewable energies, making older equipment more energy efficient, or changing management practices or consumer behavior” [25]. A Low-Carbon City uses mitigation strategies in urban planning with the aim of enlisting efforts from not only the public and private sectors but the whole community significantly to cut down emissions. In Global Report on Human Settlements 2009—Planning Sustainable Cities: Policy Directions published by the UN-HABITAT, it has been strongly advocated that “the key objective of the trend towards ‘carbon neutral’ cities is to ensure that every home, neighbourhood and business is carbon neutral. Carbon neutral cities are able to reduce their ecological footprint through energy efficiency and by replacing fossil fuels” [26] (p. 149). From this statement, we can reasonably infer that “low carbon,” or the ultimate “carbon neutral”, has become the goal of all sustainable urban development. Such awareness and action are essential if the world is to shift to “post-carbon cities” [27]. The World Bank launched the Low-Carbon Livable Cities Initiative in September 2013 and planned to help 300 large cities in developing countries to transition into low-carbon settlements in the next four years. Assistance will come in the form of planning and financing and necessary assistance will be promptly provided. Along the same lines, several programs have been in place to help cities reach the goal of carbon emissions reduction or carbon neutrality. Examples include the Cities for Climate Change program by the Local Governments for Sustainability, the Clinton Foundation’s C-40 Climate Change Initiative, Architecture 2030, and the UN-HABITAT’s Cities for Climate Change Initiative. These programs all stress the importance of reducing energy use wherever and whenever possible, especially in the building and transportation sectors. Since transport creates the primary form of any city, it is frequently regarded as the most fundamental infrastructure for a city [28] and naturally should be the focus of any urban sustainability efforts. One of the dominant features of modern cities is high density. Those in developing countries often have much higher density than those in developed countries. If vehicles in these confined spaces are not controlled in numbers, or have poorly-maintained fossil fuel engines, serious air pollution will surely follow. Therefore, cities have to rigorously monitor and manage such emission sources [29]. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) has the potential to address this issue. TOD represents a neighborhood incorporating a mélange of land uses centered around a transit station [30]. Within a short walking distance from the core, usually in ten minutes, residents can easily access all kinds of daily services, such as retail stores, offices, and residential quarters. The function and importance of TODs are emphasized as follows [31] (p. 2): “the location, mix, and configuration of land uses in TODs are designed to encourage convenient alternatives to the auto, to provide a model of efficient land utilization, to better serve the needs of [ . . . ] diverse households, and to create more identifiable, livable communities”. TOD can not only reduce car use per capita by 50%, but save households about 20% of their income because they can manage with average one fewer car, or even none [32]. It also enables low carbon housing. For instance, in the United States, shifting 60% of new growth to compact/high-density patterns will reduce CO2 emissions by as much as 85 million metric tons annually by 2030 [33]. Compared with traditional community development, TOD expands facets of economy, comfort, and environment. As identified by Belzer and Autler [34], measures of livability which relate to TOD include reduction of gasoline consumption, increased walkability and access to public transportation, decreased traffic congestion, positive health outcomes, and more convenient access to services, activities, and public spaces. Cities, or the built environment, are all too often the most prominent


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GHGs sources. In other words, they are the key to success of any efforts towards emission reduction. TOD illustrates that, in urban development, environmental concerns and human interest can be balanced at the same time under the common goal of sustainability for all. The “Compact City” also strives for TOD and plans for roads, streets, and neighborhood networks that promote walkability and are convenient for all users. It is high in density and social diversity, emphasizing the optimal provision of infrastructures in cities of small and medium size and advocating local production and consumption. In it, economic and social activities often overlap and community development is focused on the neighborhood. Therefore, energy and space efficiency can be greatly enhanced. In Urban Patterns for A Green Economy—Leveraging Density, a report published by the UN-Habitat in 2012, five Ds that characterize a compact city are proposed: Density, Diversity, Design, Destination, and Distance to Transit. The five Ds show the importance of making good decisions on locations, urban structures, and street networks in order to weave an urban fabric conducive to walking, cycling, and public transit [35]. With similar ideals in mind, the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) released a report named Europe’s Vibrant New Low Car(bon) Communities. It puts forth eight principles for smart urban growth, or a smart city: promote walking, prioritize bicycle networks, create dense street networks, support high-quality transit, plan for mixed land use, match density with transit capacity, create compact regions, and regulate parking and local road use [36]. In the report, the ITDP emphasizes the importance of walking, cycling, and quality public transportation and believes that the key to emission reduction is to cut back on the use of vehicles that burn fossil fuels. The belief is actually summed up in the title of the report, Europe’s Vibrant New Low Car(bon) Communities, as the word “car” is plainly stated. In literature on the subject on sustainable urban settlements, the notion of “greenness” has also become influential in recent years. It is frequently presented as “greening” or “green”, and can be found in various city rankings, such as the European Green Capital Award (EGCA) and the Green City Index. The EGCA aims to “reward cities which are making efforts to improve the urban environment and move towards healthier and sustainable living areas” [37]. Siemens AG and the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) collaborate to survey cities in more than 120 countries. The focal geographical regions cover Europe, Latin America, United States, Canada, Asia, and Africa. Cities are assessed and compared in terms of environmental performance. The final evaluation results will be compiled and presented as the Green City Index, showing weaknesses and strengths of each region and each city. The Green City Index is targeted to measure and to rate the environmental performance of cities, “touching on a wide range of environmental areas, from environmental governance and water consumption to waste management and greenhouse gas emissions” [38] (p. 4). As urban settlements represent a built environment with various man-made architectural structures, the concept of greenness is also embodied in contemporary building standards. Both homes and commercial buildings use large amounts of energy for heating, cooling, cooking, and management of waste. Attempts to rein in such energy use and its subsequent GHGs emissions from fossil fuel combustion have led to an increase of green building standards that promote better occupant comfort and lower environmental impacts at the same time. In general, a green building aims to be responsible to the environment during its entire life cycle and to increase its energy efficiency at different stages, including siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. It requires close cooperation among design teams, architects, engineers, and clients [39]. Compared with traditional ones, green buildings expand concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort [40]. Around the world, “incentives or requirements for buildings to meet green-building standards have been used in some cities as part of a move towards carbon neutrality” [26] (p. 41). The notion of “livability” is also highly noteworthy. It is sometimes presented as “liveability” or “livable/liveable”, and appears in numerous documents from both public and private sector organizations. For efforts made by public organizations, the most recent and significant one is the Better Life Initiative, which is the culmination of research results published by the Organisation for


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Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2011. The OECD has put in more than a decade of work and has subsequently assembled internationally comparable measures of well-being, called the Better Life Index. The Index is one of the core products from the Initiative. It invites users to compare well-being across countries according to the following 11 topics: community, education, environment, civic engagement, health, housing, income, jobs, life satisfaction, safety and work-life balance [41]. The OECD’s goal lies in “developing statistics to capture aspects of life that matter to people and that shape the quality of their lives” [41] (p. 1). For notions deployed by private sector organizations, there are also numerous examples. By way of example, the EIU runs a global survey of livability entitled the “EIU Liveability Ranking”. It states that livability “assesses which locations around the world provide the best or the worst living conditions” [42] (p. 1). Mercer, a global leading human resources consultancy, publishes “Quality-of-Living Reports” that rank cities in terms of quality factors including political/social/ economic environment, medical/health considerations, and education [43]. Monocle, a global affairs magazine, holds its annual “Quality of Life Survey”, previously named “The Most Liveable Cities Index”. It rates the “components and forces that make a city not simply attractive or wealthy but truly liveable” [44] and announces every year its top 25 livable cities in the world, based on “statistics collected on population, international flights, crime, sunshine, tolerance, unemployment rate, upcoming developments, electric car charging points, culture, bookshops, green space, street life, and dinner on a Sunday” [45]. Presented above are some of the most notable and most frequently-cited global livability rankings. Through them, we may get a fuller understanding of what livability is. However, livability “does not come packaged in a single accepted definition” [46] because the concept has constantly been associated with an abundance of social characteristics and physical aspects. It involves not only elements of the daily physical environment but ideals of placemaking. From this point of view, “a livable community is one that has affordable and appropriate housing, supportive community features and services, and adequate mobility options, which together facilitate personal independence and the engagement of residents in civic and social life” [47]. 3. Environmental Planning as Read in Policy-Making, Decision-Making, and Problem-Solving Innumerable countries are now faced with the same challenge: how to design and develop sustainable urban settlements. Environmental planning in this sense is much like a problem-solving process. We should also bear in mind that for any environmental planning to be sustainable, it should take into consideration the environmental, social, political, economic, governance, and ethics factors that can influence and determine the relationship between natural systems and human systems. All concerns have to be addressed in balance in order to render well-rounded decisions and polices. If inspected in fine enough detail, policy-making is in principle strongly similar to decision-making, as interpreted since the 1950s. Harold Lasswell [48] was one of the first to view the overall process of policy-making through the lens of “phases” or “stages.” He put forward the following seven “stages” of “the decision process”: intelligence, promotion, prescription, invocation, application, termination, and appraisal. Since Lasswell’s identification of the seven stages, there has been an abundance of variants to the number and specification of the stages [49–56]. Though the set of stages has been challenged and placed under scrutiny over the years, it remains a firm basis for subsequent study in policy science and policy analysis [57]. Stemming from the work of Lasswell are countless policy-making models. Stokey and Zeckhauser [58] propose a five-step process in which the analysts are charged to determine the underlying problem and objective to be pursued, set out possible alternatives, predict the consequences of each alternative, determine the criteria for measuring the achievement of alternatives, and to indicate the preferred choice of action. Anderson’s [59] policy process model has six stages: problem identification, agenda formation, policy formulation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. Quade [60] lists five elements: problem formulation, searching for alternatives,


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forecasting the future environment, modeling the impacts of alternatives, and evaluating the alternatives. Hill [61] and Jann and Wegrich [57] also describe five steps: agenda setting, policy formulation, decision-making, implementation, and evaluation. These kinds of policy-making processes have a strong resemblance to decision-making. A large number of decision-making processes or models have been proposed in literature over the years. In a Sustainability 2016, 8, 492 8 of 25 simplified and generalized sense, a decision-making process can be portrayed as a problem-solving process. After analyzing 25 such decision processes, Mintzberg et al. [62] summarizes them into a alternative solutions; and (3) Selection of alternative [63]. The rational decision‐making model [63,64] three-phase model: (1) Identification of issues and goals; (2) Development of alternative solutions; and has often been used as a reference frame when depicting decision‐making processes. Though it can (3) Selection of alternative [63]. The rational decision-making model [63,64] has often been used as a be a reductionist version of reality, it can still offer a close impression of the decision‐making process reference frame when depicting decision-making processes. Though it can be a reductionist version of via six steps: goal clarification, solution search, solution analysis, solution evaluation, decision, and reality, it can still offer a close impression of the decision-making process via six steps: goal clarification, control [64]. solution search, solution analysis, solution evaluation, decision, and control [64]. In Figure 1, we can clearly among the the classic policy‐making process, In Figure 1, we can clearlysee seethe the similarities similarities among classic policy-making process, the the decision-making process, and the problem-solving process. decision‐making process, and the problem‐solving process.

Figure 1. Comparability among policy‐making, decision‐making, and problem‐solving processes. Figure 1. Comparability among policy-making, decision-making, and problem-solving processes.

Whether it is the policy‐making, the decision‐making, or the problem‐solving process, the first Whether it is the policy-making, the decision-making, or the problem-solving process, the first and and foremost step determine areas areas of concerns on available information. Any later foremost stepis isto to determine of concerns basedbased on available information. Any later efforts efforts in subsequent steps can thus be made in a more efficient and directed way. Applying such a in subsequent steps can thus be made in a more efficient and directed way. Applying such a concept in the of sustainable urban development, we can readily that a synthesis framework concept in context the context of sustainable urban development, we infer can readily infer that a synthesis that encompasses the complete range of human andof environmental will be the top priority framework that encompasses the complete range human and wellbeing environmental wellbeing will be (Figure 2). Since the concept of sustainable urban development is multidimensional, efforts made in the top priority (Figure 2). Since the concept of sustainable urban development is multidimensional, efforts made in the field could be diverse, random, and not strategically organized. Such a framework should be able to provide the big picture, that is, to summarize complex issues for supporting policy makers and encouraging more focused efforts.

Whether it is the policy‐making, the decision‐making, or the problem‐solving process, the first and foremost step is to determine areas of concerns based on available information. Any later efforts in subsequent steps can thus be made in a more efficient and directed way. Applying such a concept in the context of sustainable urban development, we can readily infer that a synthesis Sustainability 2016, 8, 492 9 of 28 framework that encompasses the complete range of human and environmental wellbeing will be the top priority (Figure 2). Since the concept of sustainable urban development is multidimensional, the fieldmade could in be diverse, random, not strategically organized. a framework should Such be ablea efforts the field could and be diverse, random, and not Such strategically organized. to provide the big picture, that is, to summarize complex issues for supporting policy makers framework should be able to provide the big picture, that is, to summarize complex issues and for encouraging more focused efforts. supporting policy makers and encouraging more focused efforts.

Figure 2. Building a synthesis framework as fundamental first step. Figure 2. Building a synthesis framework as fundamental first step.

4. A Synthesis Framework with Dimensions and Themes This section elaborates on how the synthesis framework is constructed and consists of four subsections: ‚ ‚ ‚ ‚

Subsection 4.1: Defining Sustainable Urban Development Subsection 4.2: Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: Different Focal Areas Subsection 4.3: Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: Sorting Indicators into Themes Subsection 4.4: Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: A Synthesis Framework

It begins with Subsection 4.1, which establishes an original definition of sustainable urban development. An integrative methodology used in this study to build the synthesis framework is introduced in Subsection 4.2, and 10 representative urban sustainability rankings/standards are selected in this subsection. All indicators from the rankings/standards are collected and sorted into new themes in Subsection 4.3 Finally, Subsection 4.4 integrates the new themes into dimensions and produces a synthesis framework. 4.1. Defining Sustainable Urban Development In the search for a sustainable development pathway, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development published in 1987 Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report. It is considered the starting point of the global discourse on sustainability and defines sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” [65] (p. 37). Sustainable development carries different meanings to different people, subject to their position in societies [66–68]. “It takes on meaning within different political ideologies and programmes underpinned by different kinds of knowledge, values and philosophy” [69] (p. 3). Thus far, there has been no consensus on how such development should be defined or attained. The concept of sustainable urban development is thus ever-changing and evolving. It is sometimes defined in terms of the economic sustainability of a city, that is, its potential “to reach qualitatively a new level of socio-economic, demographic and technological output which in the long run reinforces the foundations of the urban system” [70]. This way of thinking seeks to continue economic growth and is now regarded as a relatively weaker form of sustainable development. Others may put more emphasis on the social sustainability and base the concept on a broad range of social principles of futurity, equity, and participation, especially involvement of public citizens in the land development process [71]. When viewed alongside environmental concerns, the concept also embodies environmental sustainability, meaning the pursuit of urban form that synthesizes land development and nature preservation and places the protection of natural systems into a state of vital equipoise [72]. In general, countries around the world are called to minimize environmental impact and to improve the social conditions


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of individuals and the community [73]. In summary, principles of achieving sustainable urban development are generally based on environmental, economic, and social considerations [74–76]. Although current discussions appear to focus more on the environment and economy, cities are still fundamentally human habitats. In contrast to the weaker form of sustainable development, a stronger form “represents a revised form of self-reliant community development which sustains people's livelihoods using appropriate technology” [69] (p. 4). Since cities are for people [77], sustainable cities should be “places where people want to live and work, now and in the future. They meet the diverse needs of existing and future residents, are sensitive to their environment, and contribute to a high quality of life. They are safe and inclusive, well planned, built and run, and offer equality of opportunity and good services for all” [78] (p. 56). It is prescient that human health, wellbeing, safety, security and opportunity will be influenced by the way urban settlements Sustainability 2016, 8, 492 10 of 25 are planned, designed, developed and managed [79]. It should also be noted that social development and economic productivity depend on citizens whose mental and physical needs are satisfied. City inhabitants’ plays a significant role in a sustainable urban development. Sustainable comfort urban hence development is indeed multilayered concept. It synthesizes land Sustainable urban development is indeed a multilayered concept. It synthesizes land development development and nature preservation. It also refers to the capacity of nature to support its activities, and nature preservation. It also refers to the capacity of nature to support its activities, the vitality of a the vitality of a city as a complex system, and the quality of life of its inhabitants. In other words, city as a urban complex system, and the quality of lifefields of its inhabitants. other sustainableprotection, urban sustainable development covers many of activity In such as words, environmental development covers many fields of activity such as environmental protection, human development, human development, and inhabitant wellbeing. However, despite all the discussions, no single or and inhabitant wellbeing. However, despite all the discussions, no single or agreed meaning has been agreed meaning has been produced. Taking account of all the concerns stated above, this study produced. Taking account of all the concerns stated above, this study proposes to define sustainable proposes to define sustainable urban development as the capacity of any significant human urban development as the capacity of any significant human settlements to maintain environmental settlements to maintain environmental quality and carrying capacity, and to support socio‐economic quality and carrying capacity, to support socio-economic development management, and to development and management, and to provide sufficient services and livelihoods to all current and provide sufficient services and livelihoods to all current and future inhabitants. That is, the practicable future inhabitants. That is, the practicable and full realization of sustainability can only take place in and full realization of sustainability can only take place in the overlap, or the dynamic, among the the overlap, or the dynamic, among the three fundamental capacities (Figure 3). three fundamental capacities (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Sustainable urban development—defined as capability in three aspects. Figure 3. Sustainable urban development—defined as capability in three aspects.

4.2. Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: Different Focal Areas In order to facilitate an improved understanding on the state of, or changes to, urban settlements in relation to better sustainability performance, different sets of frameworks, indicators, and assessment tools have been developed [80,81]. A broad range of urban sustainability indicators


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4.2. Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: Different Focal Areas In order to facilitate an improved understanding on the state of, or changes to, urban settlements in relation to better sustainability performance, different sets of frameworks, indicators, and assessment tools have been developed [80,81]. A broad range of urban sustainability indicators has also been in use across different cities and regions, varying in accordance with their particular needs and goals [82,83]. From an initial look, these indicators or rankings/standards appear individually from different sources, leaving the impression that they are proposed as ad-hoc solutions to the emerging environmental challenges. However, each is actually sensibly put together in line with the growing trends in urban environmental planning. For instance, in recent decades, the concept of New Urbanism, also called Smart Growth or Transit-Oriented Development, has begun to take form. It started out as a reaction against the perceived environmental, economic and social problems of earlier generations of urban planning. New Urbanism advocates “restructuring of public policy and development practices to support the following principles: neighborhoods should be diverse in use and population; communities should be designed for the pedestrian and transit as well as the car; cities and towns should be shaped by physically defined and universally accessible public spaces and community institutions; urban places should be framed by architecture and landscape design that celebrate local history, climate, ecology, and building practice” [84]. From a thoroughgoing critique of the impacts of urbanization, many have also made the case for “walkable, human-scaled neighbourhoods as the building blocks of sustainable communities and regions” [85]. Such conception are materialized into six fundamental features, including a clear neighborhood center that satisfies all residents’ daily needs, the five minute walk, a street network in the form of a continuous web, narrow and versatile streets, mixed land use, and special sites for special buildings [85]. These New Urbanist features have in reality been translated into indicators, such as “shift of transport mode” in the Low Carbon Cities Framework, “local transport” in European Green Capital Award, “green transport promotion” in Green City Index, “density” in Sustainable Cities Index, “complete neighborhood/compact city” in Indicators for Sustainability, and “street life” in Quality of Life Survey. Each of these indicators serves as a parameter “which points to, provides information about, and/or describes the state of a phenomenon/environment/area” [86,87]. Indicators have the role of measuring performance. They must be clear, simple, scientifically sound, verifiable, and reproducible [88]. According to the European Evaluation Network for Rural Development [89], an indicator must be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-related. They help make tangible an otherwise rather abstract concept, that is, in this case, urban sustainability. “An indicator quantifies and aggregates data that can be measured and monitored to determine whether change is taking place” [90], and change can often bring cost reduction and service improvement outcomes. In Asia, the Green City Index by Siemens AG has projected potential cost savings of US$2.7 billion from various projects or clean technology deployments in the 22 Asian cities surveyed and “bulk of the estimated savings will be generated from energy consumption and energy efficiency initiatives” [91]. In Denmark, there is the Copenhagen 10-Step Program; the results are also highly positive and can be described in measurable terms. The city has: (1) reduced the number of cars in its center by eliminating parking spaces at a rate of 2–3 percent per year; (2) introduced the City Bike system, allowing anyone to borrow a bike from any one of the 110 bike stands located around the city center for a small refundable coin deposit; and (3) encouraged 34 percent of Copenhageners working in the city to bicycle to their jobs [92]. However, as much as efforts from different parties have been made in applying sustainability indicators, the results can sometimes be mixed and a number of outcomes can even fall short in terms of facilitating sustainability performance [93–95]. It has been contended that an inadequate selection of indicators [80,94] and the lack of consensus on urban sustainability indicators among different approaches [96,97] have been causing confusion and have led to, in some cases, failure to achieve favorable sustainability results. Furthermore, policymakers and city authorities today are faced with a


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huge array of available urban sustainability rankings/standards and the sheer number and diversity of them can be overwhelming [98]. There are still no pertinent standards or universal methods for selecting urban sustainability indicators [99]. Among various measures currently in use, there has not been any comprehensive framework that can cover the three fundamental capacities that define sustainable urban development: (1) to maintain environmental quality and carrying capacity; (2) to support socio-economic development and management; and (3) to provide sufficient services and livelihoods to all current and future inhabitants. Hence, this study proposes an integrative methodology (Figure 4) to select urban sustainability rankings/standards with different focal areas and integrate them into a synthesis framework that can encompass a complete range of urban sustainability concerns. Sustainability 2016, 8, 492 12 of 25

Figure 4. An An integrative integrative methodology of building a synthesis framework of sustainable urban Figure 4. methodology of building a synthesis framework of sustainable urban development. development.

Step 1 of the five-step methodology has been carried out in Subsection 4.1. Now we proceed to Step 1 of the five‐step methodology has been carried out in Subsection 4.1. Now we proceed to Step 2, where we select representative rankings/standards that correspond to the three fundamental Step 2, where we select representative rankings/standards that correspond to the three fundamental capacities of sustainable urban development defined in this study. There are 10 in total (Figure 5) and capacities of sustainable urban development defined in this study. There are 10 in total (Figure 5) they are chosen to optimize the purpose of this study. and they are chosen to optimize the purpose of this study.

‚

‚

‚

To maintain environmental quality and carrying capacity: Selected named To maintain environmental quality and carrying capacity: Selected are are rankings/standards rankings/standards named with reference “Low-Carbon” or “Green” (e.g., (e.g., Low Carbon Cities Framework by the Malaysian with reference toto “Low‐Carbon” or “Green” Low Carbon Cities Framework by the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water [100], the European Green Capital Award [101], Malaysian Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water [100], the European Green Capital and the [101], Siemens AGthe Green City Index [38]). Their main concerns relate to the natural environment Award and Siemens AG Green City Index [38]). Their main concerns relate to the with relatively minor considerations of socio-economic issues. natural environment with relatively minor considerations of socio‐economic issues. To support socio-economic development and management: Selected labeled To support socio‐economic development and management: Selected are are rankings/standards rankings/standards labeled with “Sustainability,” or “Health” (e.g., the Sustainable Cities Index of the Australian Conservation with “Sustainability,” or “Health” (e.g., the Sustainable Cities Index of the Australian Foundation [102], Indicators for Sustainability by Sustainable Cities International [103], and the Conservation Foundation [102], Indicators for Sustainability by Sustainable Cities International WHO Healthy usually[22]). focusThey on socio-economic public [103], and the Cities WHO Indicators Healthy [22]). Cities They Indicators usually focus development, on socio‐economic infrastructure, and human health-related statistics. Environmental or ecosystem preservation of development, public infrastructure, and human health‐related statistics. Environmental isor secondary importance. ecosystem preservation is of secondary importance. To provide to all Selected are are To provide sufficient sufficient services services and and livelihoods livelihoods to all current current and and future future inhabitants: inhabitants: Selected rankings/standards titled as “Livable” or “Life/Living” (e.g., the OECD Better Life Index [104], rankings/standards titled as “Livable” or “Life/Living” (e.g., the OECD Better Life Index [104], the EIU Liveability Ranking [42], the Mercer Quality-of-Living Report [105], and the Monocle the EIU Liveability Ranking [42], the Mercer Quality‐of‐Living Report [105], and the Monocle Quality of Survey [45]). Their emphasis on socio-economic and medical services and provision Quality of Life Life Survey [45]). Their emphasis on socio‐economic and medical services and of inhabitant physical and mentaland wellbeing strong. Environmental interests are limited. provision of inhabitant physical mental iswellbeing is strong. Environmental interests are limited.


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Figure 5.5. Sustainable development—incorporating ten major global global urban urban sustainability sustainability Figure Sustainable urban urban development—incorporating ten major rankings/standards with different focal areas. rankings/standards with different focal areas.

4.3. Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: Sorting Indicators into Themes 4.3. Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: Sorting Indicators into Themes Urban sustainability rankings/standards currently in use are composed of indicators that Urban sustainability rankings/standards currently in use are composed of indicators that address address different concerns. “Indicators are selected to provide information about the functioning of different concerns. “Indicators are selected to provide information about the functioning of a specific a specific system, for a specific purpose—to support decision‐making and management” [90]. The system, for a specific purpose—to support decision-making and management” [90]. The common common ground to be found among all these rankings/standards is that they all aim to promote ground to be found among all these rankings/standards is that they all aim to promote sustainable sustainable urban development by aggregating diverse information into focused and applicable urban development by aggregating diverse information into focused and applicable knowledge [106]. knowledge [106]. However, issues covered in sustainable urban development can be innumerable. For example, However, issues covered in sustainable urban development can be innumerable. For example, according to the Division for Sustainable Development of the United Nations (UN-DESA), “urban according to the Division for Sustainable Development of the United Nations (UN‐DESA), “urban planning, transport systems, water, sanitation, waste management, disaster risk reduction, access planning, transport systems, water, sanitation, waste management, disaster risk reduction, access to to information, education and capacity-building are all relevant issues to sustainable urban information, education and capacity‐building are all relevant issues to sustainable urban development” [107]. In addition, in 2003, the British Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM, UK) development” [107]. In addition, in 2003, the British Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM, launched a programme of action called Sustainable Communities: Building for the future. In it, the most UK) launched a programme of action called Sustainable Communities: Building for the future. In it, the important requirements of sustainable communities are set out as below [108] (p. 5): most important requirements of sustainable communities are set out as below [108] (p. 5): (1) A flourishing local economy to provide jobs and wealth; A flourishing local economy to provide jobs and wealth; (1) (2) Strong leadership to respond positively to change; (2) Strong leadership to respond positively to change; (3) Effective Effective engagement engagement and local people, groups andand businesses, especially in the (3) and participation participation by by local people, groups businesses, especially in planning, design and longterm stewardship of their community, and an active voluntary and the planning, design and longterm stewardship of their community, and an active voluntary community sector; and community sector; (4) A safe and healthy local environment with well‐designed public and green space; A safe and healthy local environment with well-designed public and green space; (4) (5) Sufficient size, scale and density, and the right layout to support basic amenities in the neighbourhood and minimise use of resources (including land);


(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12)

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Sufficient size, scale and density, and the right layout to support basic amenities in the neighbourhood and minimise use of resources (including land); Good public transport and other transport infrastructure both within the community and linking it to urban, rural and regional centres; Buildings—both individually and collectively—that can meet different needs over time, and that minimise the use of resources; A well-integrated mix of decent homes of different types and tenures to support a range of household sizes, ages and incomes; Good quality local public services, including education and training opportunities, health care and community facilities, especially for leisure; A diverse, vibrant and creative local culture, encouraging pride in the community and cohesion within it; A “sense of place”; The right links with the wider regional, national and international community.

As the pace of urbanization continues to accelerate, many cities are faced with “an urgent need for a transition towards a future that maximises their liveability and sustainability” [109]. The notion of urban sustainability becomes increasingly intertwined with livability, which represents “the sum of the factors that add up to a community’s quality of life—including the built and natural environments, economic prosperity, social stability and equity, educational opportunity, and cultural, entertainment and recreation possibilities”, as defined by the Partners for Livable Communities (PLC) [110]. In short, as put by the British Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), a sustainable and livable city should be an environment that is both inviting and enjoyable, where inhabitants would want to live and work now and in the future [111]. From the above discussion, it can be observed that different types of issues embody different concerns. In many cases, the concerns are unbalanced and fails to concurrently address the environmental, socio-economic, and inhabitant wellbeing aspects. Therefore, Table 1 collects issues proposed from multiple sources and summarizes them into ten major themes: (1) Environmental Quality Monitoring; (2) Natural Resource Consumption; (3) Lowering Environmental Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity; (4) A Sound Socio-economic Environment; (5) Adequate Infrastructure; (6) Development Strategy Considering Both Human and Natural Environment; (7) Sports, Leisure and Recreation; (8) Consumer Goods and Services; (9) Cultural Diversity and Tolerance; and (10) Sense of Wellbeing and Work-Life Balance. In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.


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Table 1. Ten themes and specified theme coverage. Proposed by

Urban Sustainability Issues

UN-DESA

Water

ODPM, UK

Requirement #5

PLC

Natural environment

UN-DESA

Disaster risk reduction

PLC

Natural environment

UN-DESA

Transportation systems, Waste management

ODPM, UK

Requirements #4, 5, 6, 7

PLC

Built environment

UN-DESA

Education

ODPM, UK

Requirements #1, 2, 3, 8, 9

PLC

Economic prosperity, Social stability and equity, Educational opportunity

UN-DESA

Transport systems, Water, Sanitation

ODPM, UK

Requirement #9

UN-DESA

Urban planning, Access to information, Capacity-building

ODPM, UK

Requirements #2, 3

ODPM, UK

Requirement #9

PLC

Entertainment and recreation possibilities

ODPM, UK

Requirement #5

ODPM, UK

Requirements #10, 11, 12

PLC

Cultural possibilities

DCLG, UK

An environment that is both inviting and enjoyable, where inhabitants would want to live and work now and in the future

Major Theme Summarized

Theme Coverage

Natural Resource Consumption

Water quality/consumption, Energy intensity/performance/consumption

Environmental Quality Monitoring

Atmospheric and biological environment monitoring, Air pollution monitoring

Lowering Environmental Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity

Green transport, Green buildings, Waste, Green space planning and land use, Resource productivity improvement

A Sound Socio-economic Environment

Social stability, Public participation, Education, Housing, Economy

Adequate Infrastructure

Transportation network, Water/Energy/Telecom infrastructure, Health and medical services

Development Strategy Considering Human and Natural Environment

City space planning, Decision-making and action management

Sport, Leisure and Recreation

(same as title of theme)

Consumer Goods and Services


Cultural Diversity and Tolerance


Sense of Wellbeing and Work-Life Balance


Toleranc ethe Toleranc e An environment that both PLC Cultural Susta ina bility 8, 492 possibilities ofpossibilities 25 PLC Cultural possibilities PLCInsocio-economic, Cultural and work now and inlast thefirst future ODPM, UK2016,Requirements #10, 11, ODPM, 12 Cultural Diversity and UK S Requirements #10, 11,is12 Cultural ODPM, Diversity UK Requirements and15 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ervices Consumer Goods and themes above, the three areinhabitant considered more (same environmental, thethemes second three more and#10, the four more wellbeing-oriented. Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 ofmethodology: 25 (same as title of theme) laid out, we10continue with Step 3ofoftheme) the integrative collate all indicators from clearly the 10 as title ofWith theme) ODPM, UK2016,Requirement #5 (same as title inviting enjoyable, where S ense ofbility Wellbeing and more and the four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. 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With themes clearly PLC Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 ofmethodology: 25 (Figure 5) and (same as title of theme) laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards follow the specified theme inhabitants would want to Work-Life Balanc e8,and inviting and enjoyable, where S Requirements ense of Wellbeing and possibilities inviting enjoyable, where S ense ofbility Wellbeing inviting and and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Toleranc eand An environment that isreation both Susta ina 2016, 492 15three of 25 Entertainment and rec Rec An environment that both An environment that isreation both PLC Cultural possibilities Susta ina bility 2016,Entertainment 8, 492 15 of 25 ODPM, UK #10, 11,is3 12 Cultural Diversity and rec Rec reation laid out, we continue with Step oflive the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 In the 10continue themes above, the first three arereation considered more environmental, the second DCLG, (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as of theme) (same as title ofWith theme) more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. themes clearly PLC Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25themes. Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation (same as title title of theme) PLC UK laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme and work now and in the future inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Consumer Goods and inhabitants would want where to live Work-Life Balanc inhabitants e8,and would want to live Work-Life Balanc e and inviting and enjoyable, where S Cultural ense of Wellbeing and possibilities inviting and enjoyable, S ense ofbility Wellbeing inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing Toleranc eUK possibilities An environment that isreation both Susta ina 2016, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment rec reation Rec reation PLC possibilities Susta ina bility 2016,Entertainment 8, 492 155) of 25 and rec Rec reation major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure and follow the specified theme ODPM, Requirement #5and DCLG, (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK2016, DCLG, UK (same as title ofof theme) (same as title ofWith theme) possibilities more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. themes clearly PLC Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25themes. Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation PLC UK laid out, we continue with Step 3 the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 and work now and in the future major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme and work now and in the future and work now and in the future S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Consumer Goods and inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc inhabitants e would want to live Work-Life Balanc e inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and possibilities Consumer Goods and ofODPM, indicators are sorted into for easy Rec andreation comprehensive reference. PLC Anreation environment that is both possibilities and rec reation Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment andthemes rec reation Entertainment Rec UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) DCLG, (same as title of theme) Consumer Goods and ODPM, UK Requirement #5 coverage in2016, Table 1 to re-arrange allfuture indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds possibilities PLC Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 Diversity of 25themes. Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation PLC UK laid out, we continue with Step 3all of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 and work now and in the future major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural and and work now and in the and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Consumer Goods and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and S ervices possibilities Consumer Goods and In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. PLC possibilities Susta ina bility 2016,Entertainment 8, 492 15 of 25 Susta ina bility 2016,Requirement 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment reation and rec reation Rec reation ODPM, UK #5and (same as title of theme) S ervices DCLG, UK2016, (same asrec titlereation of theme) Rec Consumer Goods and ODPM, UK Requirement (same as title of theme) possibilities PLC ofthe indicators into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. ina bility 8,sorted 492 Diversity 15 Diversity of 25themes. Entertainment rec reation Rec reation PLC Sustainability 2016, 8,#5#10, 49211, 16 oftheme 28 Toleranc e10Goods PLC Cultural and work now and inSusta future major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12all Cultural and ODPM, UK 10are Requirement #5and (same as titlereation of theme) S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. ODPM, UK Requirements 12 Cultural and coverage in Table 1three to re-arrange indicators into Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Consumer and S ervices Inbility the 10 possibilities themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, second possibilities Consumer Goods and Insocio-economic, the themes above, the first three are In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the first the three second are considered three more environmental, the second of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. PLC Susta ina 2016, 8, 492 15 ofpossibilities 25 Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15three of 25 Entertainment and rec Rec reation more and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) S ervices Consumer Goods and ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) possibilities PLC Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Toleranc e An environment that is both (same as title of theme) PLC Cultural possibilities and work now and in the future Toleranc e ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirement #5 the S ervices ODPM, UK2016, Requirements #10, 11, 12first Cultural Diversity and coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Consumer Goods and S ervices Insocio-economic, the 10 Entertainment themes above, the three are considered more environmental, second three possibilities Consumer Goods and In the 10 themes above, the first three are In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the first the three second are considered three more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. PLC Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25 and rec reation Rec reation Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and last four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and the last With four themes more inhabitant clearly wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte into eenvironmental nvironmefrom ntal impact themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Toleranc emethodology: re source consumption/lowe ring and maintaining carrying capacity. PLCout, UK Cultural possibilities laid we continue with#10, Step 312of(same the integrative collate all indicators the 10 ODPM, Requirements 11, reation Cultural Diversity and and ODPM, UK Requirement #5 d (same as title of theme) S ervices Consumer Goods and ODPM, UK Requirement #5 thatSusta as title of theme) possibilities PLC PLC inviting enjoyable, where S ervices ense15 of Diversity Wellbeing and ina bility 2016, 8, 492 Diversity of 25 Entertainment rec Rec reation Toleranc e Goods An environment that is12 both Table 2. Indicators dand into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural PLC Cultural possibilities Toleranc e sorte An environment isreation both ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural and PLC possibilities ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same as title of theme) S ODPM, UK 10 Cultural Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Consumer and S ervices possibilities In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three possibilities DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. PLC Entertainment and rec Rec reation Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and the last four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and the last With four themes more inhabitant clearly wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Toleranc e An environment that is both laid with Steplaid 3ODPM, ofout, the integrative methodology: collate indicators from 10 re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact carrying capacity. PLC Cultural sustainability possibilities we continue with#10, Step 312ofrankings/standards the integrative laid out, methodology: we continue with collate all 3indicators of thespecified integrative from the methodology: 10andemaintaining collate UK Requirements 11, reation Cultural Diversity andthe (same as all title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 Step (same as all titleindicators of theme) S ervices major global (Figure 5)and and follow the theme Consumer Goods and possibilities inhabitants would want to live Work-Life PLCout, we continue PLC inviting enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and Entertainment rec Rec reation inviting enjoyable, where Surban ense of Diversity Wellbeing and 2.and Indicators sorted into environmental themes: environmental quality monitoring/natural resource consumption/lowering environmental impact from and the 10 Toleranc e Balanc An environment that is12 both PLC Cultural possibilities Toleranc eand An environment that isreation both re source consumption/lowe ringwhere environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural and PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same asrec title of theme) S ervices ODPM, UK Table Requirements #10, 11,last 12 Cultural and Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three possibilities possibilities DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) PLC inviting enjoyable, S ense of Wellbeing and DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Entertainment and rec Rec reation Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 10 25 Entertainment and reation Rec reation more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental Toleranc e An environment that is both laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. (same as title of theme) PLC Cultural possibilities laid out, we continue with Step 312 ofrankings/standards the follow integrative laid out, methodology: we continue with collate Step all 3indicators of thespecified integrative from the methodology: 10 (Figure collate all indicators from theme the ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, reation Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirement #5 want (same as title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 major urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and the specified theme S ervices and work now and in future major global major global (Figure urban 5)sustainability and follow the rankings/standards theme follow the specified Consumer Goods and possibilities UK (same asshow title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life e and PLC global PLC coverage in Table re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and 5) and inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc eand Entertainment rec Rec reation Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality inviting and enjoyable, where Surban ense1ofto Wellbeing and Toleranc e Balanc An environment that isthe both PLC Cultural possibilities Toleranc esustainability An environment thatmore isDCLG, both maintaining carrying capacity. ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural PLC Cultural possibilities S ervices ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same asrec title of theme) S ervices Consumer Goods Consumer Goods and possibilities possibilities DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e PLC Impact and Maintaining inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Entertainment and reation Rec reation Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental Toleranc e An environment that is both laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. (same as title of theme) PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirement #5andwant (same asshow title ofthe theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow specified S ervices and work now and in global urban sustainability rankings/standards major global (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow theme Consumer Goods andenvironment and work now inmajor possibilities coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring DCLG, UK (same asshow title of theme) inhabitants would want tofuture live Work-Life e and PLC coverage in Table 1ofto re-arrange allfuture indicators coverage into 10 in themes. Table 1theme Tables to re-arrange 2–4 all indicators these hundreds into themes. Tables 2–4 show the howspecified these hundreds inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of10 Wellbeing and inhabitants would tofuture live Work-Life Balanc ethemes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality inviting and enjoyable, where S ense Wellbeing and of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc e Balanc An that isthe both Lowering Environmental PLC Cultural possibilities An environment that isthe both ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity S ervices ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same asrec title ofhow theme) S ervices and work now inisthe Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and possibilities Carrying Capacity DCLG, (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e and Impact and Maintaining inviting and enjoyable, where S ervices ense ofsource Wellbeing and DCLG,global UK (same as title of theme) Entertainment and reation Rec reation Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Toleranc eUK An environment that both laid out, we continue with Step 312 ofand the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 re consumption/lowe ring environmental impact andemaintaining carrying capacity. PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity UK Requirement #5and (same asshow title ofthe theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same asshow title of theme) major urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) follow specified theme S and work now and in the future Consumer Goods and Standard and work now in the future coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc PLC coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators coverage into 10 in themes. Table 1 Tables to re-arrange 2–4 show all how indicators these hundreds into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Impact and Maintaining Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality ofODPM, indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Toleranc e of indicators are sorted into themes for easy of and indicators comprehensive are sorted reference. into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc e An environment that is both Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 PLC Cultural possibilities (same as title of theme) PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural and Resource S ervices ODPM, UK Natural Requirement #5and S ervices Diversity and work now inisthe Consumer Goods and Environmental Quality Monitoring Lowering Environmental Impact Maintaining Themes possibilities Carrying Capacity DCLG, (same as and title of theme) inhabitants would want tofuture live Work-Life Balanc e and Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Impact and Maintaining inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Lowering Environmental Toleranc eUK An environment that both (same asshow title ofhow theme) PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK and Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same as title theme) S ervices  of Waste and work now in the future Standard and work now and inSusta the future coverage in 10 Table 1 topossibilities re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 these hundreds Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Carrying Capacity inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality ofODPM, indicators are sorted into themes for easy comprehensive reference. In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, second three Toleranc e of indicators are sorted into themes for easy of and indicators comprehensive are sorted reference. into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. An environment that is both Toleranc e An environment that is both more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 PLC Cultural (same as title of theme) PLC Cultural possibilities Consumption UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Table 2.10Indicators sorte d want into efirst nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Carrying Capacity S ervicesthree and work now and inisthe future Ranking/Standard Standard Consumer Goods and Carrying Capacity DCLG, (same as title of theme) inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc e and Impact and Maintaining inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and In the themes above, the three are more environmental, the second Lowering Environmental Toleranc eUK An environment that both (same as title ofconsidered theme) PLC Cultural possibilities Low Carbon Buildings ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title theme)  of Waste and work now and in the future Standard and work now and inSusta the future coverage in Table 1ofto re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. inviting and enjoyable, where S ense Wellbeing and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality ofPLC indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, second three Toleranc e An environment that is both Toleranc e An environment that is both more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 ina bility 2016, 8, 492 Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 15 of 10 25 Cultural possibilities Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation (same as title of theme) PLC Cultural possibilities Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: Table 2. e Indicators nvironme ntal sorte quality d into monitoring/natural e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the S ervicesthree resocio-economic, source ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying and work now and in future  capacity. Waste DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Carrying Capacity DCLG, (same of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. Impact and Maintaining inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense of Wellbeing and In the 10consumption/lowe themes above, the first three considered more environmental, thethemes second PLC Toleranc eUK An environment that isthe both  Green Transport more and the last four more inhabitant With clearly (same as as title title theme) Cultural possibilities Low Carbon Buildings  of Waste and work now and in the future Standard inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring DCLG, UKmore (same aswant title of theme) inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense of Wellbeing and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and Waste In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. possibilities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and In the 10 themes above, the first three considered more environmental, second three An environment that is both Toleranc e An environment that is both more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation PLC Cultural possibilities Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural more socio-economic, and the last four inhabitant With themes clearly ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural and Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: Table 2. e Indicators nvironme ntal sorte quality d into monitoring/natural e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Low Carbon Buildings re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact re source and consumption/lowe maintaining carrying ring capacity. environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and work now and in the future laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 major sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and specified theme DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Carrying Capacity DCLG, UK (same as of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balancurban ewellbeing-oriented. inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense ofglobal Wellbeing and Infrastruc ture Insocio-economic, the 10continue themes above, the first three considered more environmental, thethemes second three PLC An environment that is3both Green Transport and the last four more inhabitant With clearly (samefollow as title title ofthe theme)  Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we with Step ofenvironmental, the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 and work now andwant inmore the future Waste and work now and in future Standard inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. UK (same aswant title of theme) inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. Framework Environmental Quality inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Consumer Goods andenvironment inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of of Wellbeing and Low Carbon Buildings In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three possibilities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and In the themes above, the three are considered more second three Toleranc emethodology: An that isthe both more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Susta ina bility 2016, 8,inhabitant 492 15 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation PLC Cultural possibilities Table 2.10 Indicators sorte d into efirst nvironme ntal themes: e#5nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural last Green Transport more and the last four more With themes clearly Lowering Environmental resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we continue with Step 3all of the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact re source and consumption/lowe maintaining carrying ring capacity. environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and work now and in the future laid we continue with Step 3DCLG, of the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the 10  Clean Vehic les major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme DCLG, UK (same as all title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Infrastruc ture In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Urban Greenery and PLCout, PLC PLC Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Green Transport more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 and work now andwant inmajor the future Waste and work now and in the future global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc e S ervices DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Framework Environmental Quality Consumer Goods and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Green Transport Infrastructure In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three possibilities possibilities possibilities Infrastruc ture Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and An environment that is3both Impact and Maintaining more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Lowering Environmental more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we continue with Step of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Low Carbon Cities Framework and work now and in the future  Urban Greenery and laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Clean Vehic les major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)first and follow the specified Environmental Quality Framework Environmental Quality Infrastruc ture In the 10continue themes above, the three are considered more environmental, the second three coverage in (Figure Table 1theme to re-arrange all indicators into 1010 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in 10 Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10with themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds PLC Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we Step 312 ofrankings/standards the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the and work now and the inmore the future and work now and inImpact the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and major global urban 5)and and follow the specified theme S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. last Clean Vehic les Framework Environmental Quality Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and inviting enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and In the themes above, first three are considered more environmental, second three Clean Vehicles In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds possibilities Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Impact and Maintaining and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 and work now and in the future  Urban Greenery and laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Clean Vehic les major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 ODPM, UK Requirement (same #5 as title of theme) DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Standard Infrastruc ture In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in (Figure Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 1010 themes. Tables 2–4 show these hundreds Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring coverage in 10 Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10possibilities themes. Tables 2–4integrative show howDiversity these hundreds PLC  how Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Environmental Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc emethodology: laid out, we continue with Step 312 ofrankings/standards the collate all indicators from the PLC Cultural and work now and inImpact the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural and last Urban Greenery and major global urban 5) and follow the specified theme Sare ervices S ervices S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. Framework Environmental Quality Consumer Goods and Insocio-economic, the themes above, the first three considered more environmental, second three Urban Greenery and Environmental Quality Inand the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Carrying Capacity coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds possibilities Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Impact Maintaining and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme)  Waste Standard major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Standard Standard Infrastruc ture In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring  monitoring/natural Waste Produc tion and10 coverage in 10 Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4integrative show how these hundreds Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly of indicators are sorted into themes for three easy and comprehensive reference. ofODPM, indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc emethodology: An environment that is3 both Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step ofrankings/standards the collate all indicators from the 10 eAir Table 2.10 Indicators sorte d into efirst nvironme ntal themes: nvironme ntal quality PLC Cultural possibilities and work now and inCarrying the future UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural ODPM, Diversity UK Requirements and #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and major global urban sustainability (Figure 5) and follow the specified S ervices Framework Environmental Quality Consumer Goods and Insocio-economic, the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, second three In the themes above, the are more environmental, the second three Carrying Capacity coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Capacity Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining PM 2.5considered )theme more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly  Ambient Quality (PM 10 , as all of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the (same as title of theme) (same title of theme) Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic lestion  Waste major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme)  Waste  Waste Standard Standard Standard In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Water Management coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Management  Waste Produc and10 coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , d ofPLC indicators are sorted intothe for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc esustainability Toleranc eGreen Toleranc e 10 An themes: environment that is3 both laid out, we continue with Step of theeasy integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the Table 2.10 Indicators sorte into efirst nvironme ntal themes: eAir nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Cultural possibilities PLC Cultural possibilities PLC Cultural possibilities resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Table 2. Indicators sorte dthemes into e nvironme ntal e #10, nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural ODPM, UK Requirements 11,last 12 Cultural Diversity and major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme S ervices European  Ambient Quality (NO 210 ) , all In the themes above, the three are more environmental, the second three Carrying Capacity coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Impact and Maintaining DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) PM 2.5considered ) more socio-economic, and last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly  Waste Produc tion and  Ambient Air Quality (PM of indicators are sorted into themes for and comprehensive reference. Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the  Low Carbon Buildings Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural (same as title of theme)  Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and major globalare urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment Green Urbanhundreds Areas Waste Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Water coverage in Table 1theme to re-arrange indicators into 1010 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these Management inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented.  monitoring/natural Waste Produc tion and10 inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly PM 2.5 )Waste Ambient Air Quality (PMManagement ,into PM )Waste of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Cities  Urban Greenery and of indicators into dthemes for easy and comprehensive reference. Ansorted environment that isODPM, both Toleranc eGreen Animpact environment that is3 both An environment that is all both laid out, we continue with Step of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 2.5 Table 2.10 Indicators sorte d efirst nvironme ntal themes: eAir nvironme ntal quality PLC Cultural possibilities Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Table 2. Indicators sorte into eCarbon nvironme ntal themes: e #10, nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural UK Requirements 11,last 12 Cultural Diversity and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining carrying capacity. European Ambient Quality (NO 210 ) , all Carrying Capacity In the themes above, the three are more environmental, the second three coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds DCLG, UK (same as title of theme)  Water Management Management PM 2.5considered ) more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Infrastruc ture  Ambient Air Quality (PM of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Environmental Quality Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Green Transport Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the 10  Low Carbon Buildings Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural (same as title of theme)  Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Waste major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Waste Water Treatment  Green Urbanhundreds Areas Standard and work now and inTables future coverage in Table 1 toand re-arrange all indicators into themes. 2–4 show how these European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Management  Water coverage in Table 1and to re-arrange all indicators into themes. Tables 2–4 show how these Management inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ehundreds Framework Environmental Quality  monitoring/natural Waste Produc tion and Water Management inviting enjoyable, where Surban ense of10 Wellbeing and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing inviting and and enjoyable, where S ense of10 Wellbeing and Ambient Air Quality (NO ) into Waste Production and Management Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery  Urban Greenery and Toleranc eGreen An environment that isthe both laid out, we continue with Step 3all of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 and Adaptation 2themes Table 2.(Figure Indicators sorte d eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: eAir nvironme ntal quality Lowering Environmental PLC Cultural possibilities Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Table sorte d into eCarbon nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural major global rankings/standards 5) and follow the specified theme re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas European Quality (NO 210 ) , as all  Clean Vehic les coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds DCLG, UK2. Indicators (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) (same title of theme) PM 2.5 Ambient )Ambient Infrastruc ture more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture  Air Quality (PM of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Green Transport Use Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Green Transport  Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the  Low Carbon Buildings Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas and work now and inTables future coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these Water Management coverage in Table 1and to re-arrange all indicators into 10Balanc themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Management Framework Environmental inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ethat inhabitants would want tontal live Work-Life Balanc inhabitants ehundreds would want to live Work-Life eBiodiversity Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental  monitoring/natural Waste Produc tion and10 Waste Water Treatment inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing Climate Change: Mitigation Green Urban Areas Incorporating Sustainable of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Nature and Impact and Maintaining Low Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery  Urban Greenery and An environment isthe both and Adaptation Table 2.(Figure Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal Lowering Environmental Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. European Green Capital Award Table 2. Indicators sorte dthemes into eCarbon nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental major global urban rankings/standards 5) and follow the specified  Energy Performanc e carrying Inc orporating S ustainable re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining capacity.  Urban Greenery andLand European Green Air Quality (NO 2quality )  Clean Vehic lesand  Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les theLand coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) PM 2.5 Ambient )theme Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Green Transport Use Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from 10 Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality and Adaptation Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas and work now and in the future and work now and in the future and work now and in the future coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange allIn indicators into 10 above, themes. Tables show how these Water Management coverage in 1and to re-arrange all indicators 10 Use themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Management Framework Environmental Quality and Adaptation Land inhabitants would want to live2–4 Work-Life Balanc ehundreds Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Energy Performance  monitoring/natural Munic ipal Waste Carrying Capacity inviting enjoyable, where Sare ense of Wellbeing the themes the first three considered more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference.  into Nature and Biodiversity Impact and Maintaining Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Impact and Maintaining Use and Adaptation Table 2.Table Indicators sorte dthemes into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity. Lowering Environmental  Urban Greenery re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  monitoring/natural Urban Greenery and Use Urban Greenery European Green Ambient Air Quality (NOcarrying 2quality )  Clean Vehic lesand  Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les and Land coverage in2.10 Table 1 toand re-arrange all indicators 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Standard UK (same as title of theme) Infrastruc ture Consumption Monitoring ofDCLG, indicators are sorted into themes for easyRanking/ andinto comprehensive reference. Impact and Maintaining  Green Transport Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Nature and Biodiversity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Table Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality Lowering Environmental Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas and work now and in the future coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Nature and Biodiversity inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented.  monitoring/natural Munic ipal Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Low Cities  Urban Greenery and In the 10ntal themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three of indicators are sortedsorte into dthemes for easy and comprehensive reference. of indicators are sorted into themes forture easy and comprehensive reference.  impact Nature and Biodiversity Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Impact and Maintaining more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators into eCarbon nvironme themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Ambient Quality (PM 10 , d and Adaptation Table 2.Air Indicators sorte into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality Quality Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation re source consumption/lowe ring and maintaining capacity. Lowering Environmental Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery Use Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les  Waste Standard Infrastruc Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Standard Themes Consumption of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Munic ipal Waste Impact and Maintaining Ranking/ Monitoring  Waste Produc tionand and Themes Natural Resource Environmental QualityTables 2–4 show Table 2.10 Indicators sorte dthemes into nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental Naturalabove, Resource Environmental Quality  Energy Performanc eCapacity Inc S ustainable Land re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  orporating Waste Rec ycling and work now and in thee future Framework Environmental coverage in Table 1and to re-arrange all indicators into 1010 themes. how these hundreds Produc tion Standard  Munic ipal Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity In the2.10Indicators themes the first three are considered more environmental, second three In the themes above, the first three are In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the first the three second are considered three more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Nature and Biodiversity Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity PM 2.5 )  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , integrative Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Impact and Maintaining more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , d  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation Table 2. Indicators sorte into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Quality Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental  Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the methodology: collate all indicators from the Urban Greenery  Clean Vehic les Waste Standard  Produc tion Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Standard Themes Natural  Water Management Management  Waste Produc tion and Impact and Maintaining Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Waste Produc tion and  Waste Produc tion and Use Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  Waste Reduc tion and Resource Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Rec ycling  Waste Produc tion Standard European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Munic ipal Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Nature and Biodiversity PM 2.5 ) Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity PM 2.5 )Low PM 2.5 )clearly  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , integrative Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Impact Maintaining moreTable and the lasteenvironmental four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and the last four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and With four themes more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly 2. Indicators sorteManagement d into nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Ambient Air Quality 10 , the  Ambient Air Quality (PM , Table 2.(Figure Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal10carrying quality Quality Lowering Environmental  monitoring/natural Green Transport resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. reand source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity. Low Carbon Buildings last Urban Greenery and laid out, we continue with Step 3 eof the methodology: collate all indicators from the  Carbon Buildings Waste Rec ycling  Waste major global urban sustainability rankings/standards 5)(PM and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Standard  Water Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Standard Water Management  Mitigation Water Management Management Management  Waste Produc tion and Impact and Maintaining Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Municipal Waste Production  Waste Produc tion and10  Waste Produc tionand and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Polic ies Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Table 2.10 Indicators sorte dQuality into nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality Lowering Environmental  Waste Reduc tion reAward source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  monitoring/natural Low Carbon Buildings Rec ycling Capital  Climate Change: Waste Produc tion European Green  Ambient Air (NO 2 three ) , more Standard European Green European Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2 ) d into  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )quality  Munic ipalfrom Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity In the themes above, the first are considered more environmental, the second three PM 2.5 ) Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity Infrastruc ture PM 2.5 )Green PM 2.5 )clearly  Ambient AirWater Quality (PM 10 Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Environmental Quality more socio-economic, and the last four inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes Table 2. Indicators sorte e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental  Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Reduc tion and Low Carbon Buildings  Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative laid out, methodology: we continue with collate Step all 3 indicators of the integrative from the methodology: 10 collate all indicators the 10 Low Carbon Buildings Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas  Waste major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas Standard  Waste Water Management Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Tables Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Standard Framework Quality Water Management Water Management coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds Management Management  Produc tion and Impact and Maintaining Waste Recycling Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Polic ies Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Water Consumption Lowering Environmental Reduc tion and Green Transport Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Low Carbon Buildings and Adaptation  Waste Rec ycling Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Capital Award Capital  Climate Award Change: Mitigation  Climate Change: Mitigation Waste themes Produc tion European Green Ambient Airthe Quality (NO 2) Standard  impact Partic ulate Matter  Clean Vehic les European Green European Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2 ) , d into Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )quality Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining PM 2.5Natural ) Impact and Maintaining Particulate Matter Infrastruc ture  (PM 10 Themes Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Infrastruc ture more socio-economic, and last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental Polic ies Lowering Environmental  Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining carrying capacity. Use Low Carbon Buildings  Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Low Carbon Buildings Energy Performanc e Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Waste major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme major global urban sustainability rankings/standards major global (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas Standard S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Water Management Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Framework Environmental Quality Waste Produc tion and coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all(NO indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these Impact and Maintaining Waste Reduction and Policies Infrastruc ture Framework Quality Themes Environmental Quality Themes Natural Resource Quality PolicUrban ies Low Carbon Cities  hundreds Urban Greenery and Water System Leakages of indicators areAdaptation sorted into themes for easyCapital and2.5 comprehensive reference.  Nature and Biodiversity Lowering Environmental Reduc tionand and Green Transport Low Carbon Cities Natural Resource Urban Greenery and and  Low Carbon Buildings and Adaptation and Adaptation Waste Rec ycling Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Capital Award  Climate Award Change: Mitigation  Climate Change: Mitigation Waste S ulfurulate Dioxide Greenery European Green Ambient Air Quality 2) Standard Partic Matter  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Quality PM )Clean  Vehic les Impact and Maintaining  Water Consumption Treatment Energy-effic ient Impact and Maintaining Sulfur Dioxide Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Infrastruc ture Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental Use  Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Use Use Low Buildings Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3all ofrankings/standards the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Performanc eglobal Inc orporating S(Figure ustainable Land  Wastewater  Energy ient  Low Carbon Buildings Nature Energy Performanc e2–4  Energy Performanc eture Inc orporating S ustainable Land Inc orporating SEffic ustainable Land 1 toEnergy Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas  Waste major urban sustainability 5) and the specified theme Standard Standard Sfollow ystem Leakages Buildings SCarbon tandards  Clean Vehic les Water Management Management Ranking/ Monitoring  Partic ulate Matter Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Framework Environmental Quality coverage in TableConsumption re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables show how these hundreds coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators coverage into 10 in themes. Table 1 Tables to re-arrange 2–4 show all how indicators these hundreds into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Impact and Maintaining Energy-efficient Buildings Standards Infrastruc Framework Quality Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Themes Natural Resource Quality  Munic ipal Waste Polic ies  and Biodiversity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Wastewater Treatment of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Nature and Biodiversity  Nature and Biodiversity Lowering Environmental  Waste Reduc tion and  Green Transport Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and and Adaptation Low Carbon Buildings Nitrogen Dioxide Environmental Quality and Adaptation and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Waste  S ulfur Dioxide  Urban Greenery and European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Standard Partic ulate Matter  Clean Vehic les Urban Greenery andLand Carrying Capacity  Water SWater ystem Leakages Environmental Buildings S tandards Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Quality  Clean Vehic les and Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Nitrogen Dioxide Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Quality Low Carbon Citiesurban  Urban Greenery Infrastruc ture Lowering Environmental Use Green Transport Water Effic ienc ythe andCapacity Buildings Initiatives Use Use  Low Carbon Buildings  Green Transport  Energy Performanc eglobal Inc orporating S ustainable Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Waste Treatment  Green Urban Areas Waste Waste Urban Greenery and major sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow specified theme Standard  S ulfur Dioxide Standard S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Clean Vehic les Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Framework Quality coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Impact and Maintaining Produc tion Munic ipal Waste Energy Efficient Buildings Initiatives Infrastruc ture Framework Environmental Quality Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Munic ipal Waste  Munic ipal Waste Polic ies  Nature and Biodiversity Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Water Efficiency and of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. of indicators areAdaptation sorted into for easyLow of and indicators comprehensive are sorted reference. into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Nature and Biodiversity  Nature and Biodiversity  monitoring/natural Green Transport 2 Emissions  CO Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Low Carbon Buildings Nitrogen Dioxide Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Table 2. and Indicators sorte dthemes into e nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality Environmental Quality  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic  Waste  ient S ulfur Dioxide  Urban Greenery and Standard Partic ulate Matter  Clean Vehic les  Urban Greenery and Carrying Capacity Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental  Clean Vehic les Impact and Maintaining CO Emissions Infrastruc ture Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Infrastruc ture  Waste Produc tion and Lowering Environmental Use Green Transport Water Effic ienc yhow andCapacity Buildings Initiatives 2 Carbon  Low Buildings  Buildings Environmental Treatment Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable  Nitrogen Dioxide  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Waste Waste  Urban Greenery and22Land Standard Standard Waste Rec ycling S ystem Leakages Buildings tandards  Clean Vehic Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying  Water Consumption  Low Energy-effic ient Produc tion Framework Quality coverage in Table 1 toEnergy re-arrange indicators 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show these hundreds Produc tion Produc tionSCarbon Policies  Munic ipal Waste Use of Non-car Transport Infrastruc ture Intensity les CO Framework Environmental Quality Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Munic ipal Waste  Munic ipal Waste  and Biodiversity Low Carbon Cities  Greenery and PM 2.5 Urban )Ambient of indicators are sorted into themes for andinto comprehensive reference.  Green Transport Emissions Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation Nature Water Effic iencall y and Buildings Initiatives Low Carbon Buildings Nitrogen Dioxide Environmental Quality  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10easy , Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Green City Index Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste  S ulfur Dioxide  Urban Greenery and Standard Partic ulate Matter  Clean Vehic les  Urban Greenery and Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport  Clean Vehic les Impact and Maintaining CO Intensity Infrastruc ture  Water Management Management Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Green City Index Treatment ies Use of Non-c ar Transport  Waste Produc tion Use  Green Transport  Green Transport Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Ambient Air Quality (PM 10Polic , 2 Waste Produc tion and Low Carbon Buildings 2 Emissions  CO Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality  Waste Reduc tion and  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient   Waste Waste Rec ycling Urban Greenery and Standard Rec ycling  RecQuality ycling and Water S ystem Buildings  Clean Vehic 2 Intensity Reduc tion Sand trategy les CO Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Produc tion Framework Environmental European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) , Network Produc tion Produc tionS tandards Energy Consumption Munic ipal Waste Non-car Transport Infrastruc ture  Nature and Biodiversity Low Carbon  Urban Greenery Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Size of indicators are2.5sorted into for10easy and comprehensive reference. Green City Index Treatment iesandeenvironmental Use of Non-c ar Transport  Green Transport 22 of Emissions  CO  Ambient Air Quality (PM )Ambient Low Carbon Nitrogen Dioxide Environmental  Air Quality (PM , TableCities 2. Indicators sorteManagement d into nvironme ntal themes: ePolic nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Table 2. PM Indicators sorte dthemes into nvironme ntal themes: Table 2.eQuality Indicators nvironme ntal sorte quality dConsumption into monitoring/natural eLeakages nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal10 quality monitoring/natural Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste  Buildings S ulfur Dioxide Urban Greenery and Intensity Network  Clean Vehic les  Urban Greenery and  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental Energy  S ize of Non-car Transport Infrastruc CO Reduction Strategy Infrastruc ture Water Management Management 2ture Intensity  Low eCarbon Cities Urban Greenery and Green City Index Treatment ies Use of Non-c ar Transport  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 CO )Waste  Water Management Green Transport  Green Transport Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Ambient Air Quality (PM 10Polic , 2 Produc tion and  Low Carbon Buildings Low Carbon Buildings Polic ies Reduc tion and Environmental Quality Reduc tion and Reduc tion and  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient   Waste Rec ycling  Urban Greenery and  Clean Air Polic ies Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Standard Waste Rec ycling  Waste Rec ycling  Clean Vehic 2 Intensity Reduc tion Sand trategy CO Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ), Munic ipal Waste Intensity Ambient Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Green Transport Promotion Infrastruc ture Water Management Management European Green  Air Quality (NO 2 ), Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery andeenvironmental Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Transport Green Transport 22 Emissions les CO  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 PM 2.5 )Energy  Low Carbon Buildings Nitrogen Dioxide Environmental Quality  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Table 2. Indicators sorte d into nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. re source consumption/lowe ring impact re source and consumption/lowe maintaining carrying ring capacity. environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Urban Greenery Intensity Network Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Framework Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Infrastruc ture Clean Air Policies Infrastruc ture Water Management Management  Water Consumption Low Carbon Cities  Energy-effic ient Urban Greenery and Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Waste Produc tionand and PM 2.5ies )Waste Water Management Themes Management  Green Transport  Green Transport  Water ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Polic  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , EfficEnvironmental Produc tion and Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Buildings Polic ies Polic ies Reduc tion and Quality  Ozone  Waste Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion and and Adaptation   Waste Rec ycling Urban Greenery and Clean Air Polic ies Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Intensity Network  Clean Vehic les 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Produc tion Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ), Consumption of10 Land Useand Policies Infrastruc ture  Partic ulate Matter Intensity Water Management Management European Green Air (NO 2 ), Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery andeenvironmental Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Waste Produc tion and PM )Green Impact and Maintaining  Green Transport 22 Emissions  2.5 CO  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Residential Buildings Promotion PM 2.5 Ambient )Energy Environmental Quality Ambient AirS Quality (PM Use Table 2.  Indicators sorte dQuality into nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport reAward source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Urban Greenery and Urban Greenery and Intensity Network Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Vehic les Clean Air Polic ies  Clean Vehic les  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Energy Performanc eGreen Inc orporating S ustainable Land Framework Environmental  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport European Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Waste Consumption Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Infrastruc ture Ozone Infrastruc ture ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Water Energy-effic ient Management Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Water Consumption  Water Consumption Low Carbon Cities  Energy-effic ient Energy-effic ient  Urban Greenery and Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Management Management  Green Transport Polic ies Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Waste Produc tionand and  Nature and Biodiversity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Buildings Polic ies Polic ies Reduc tion Environmental les Ozone and Adaptation Waste Rec ycling Climate Consumption Transport Urban Greenery and Clean Air Polic ies Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc Inc orporating SQuality ustainable and Adaptation  Clean Vehic 22Land Reduc tion Sand trategy  CO Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Buildings Capital Award  Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  S ulfur Dioxide Partic ulate Matter European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 210) , Renewable Energy Consumption Infrastruc Partic ulate Matter ulate Matter Intensity Water Management Management European Green Ambient Air Quality (NOe2 )of Framework Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Partic  orporating Green Land Use Polic ies Impact and Maintaining  Ambient Air Quality (PM Residential Buildings Promotion PM 2.5 )Residential Environmental Quality Environmental Use Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental  Ozone Consumption of  Green Transport and Adaptation Use reAward source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining capacity. Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and Energy Intensity Network Capital Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc eture Inc SQuality ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Energy Performanc eGreen Inc orporating S ustainable Land Framework Environmental Quality Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards European  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2carrying ) Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Standard Infrastruc ture S ystem Leakages S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Management Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Water Consumption  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Energy-effic ient  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Management Management Munic ipal Waste  Green Transport Polic ies  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Reduc tion and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Environmental Quality Residential Buildings Promotion Environmental les Ozone Use  Nature and Biodiversity and Adaptation Urban Greenery and Nitrogen Dioxide Clean Air Polic ies Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Performanc e210) , Inc orporating SQuality ustainable and  Clean Vehic 2Land Reduc tion Sand trategy  CO  ulfurEnergy Dioxide S Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality  S ulfur Dioxide  S ulfur Dioxide Partic ulate Matter European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 210) ,  Renewable Energy Clean and Efficient Energy Policies Partic ulate Matter Partic ulate Matter Water Management Management European Green  Adaptation Ambient Air Quality (NO Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Green Land Use Polic ies Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining 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Rec ycling  Waste European Ambient Quality (NO 2 ) Management Air Polic ies tion S trategy Waste Rec ycling Standard Water Management Management 22 Reduc tion S and trategy 22 Quality Reduc tion S trategy  CO  CO Water Management Produc tion Framework Environmental Quality  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 Nitrogen )Clean Intensity Munic ipal Waste  ient Air (level of Produc tion Climate Change Intensity Intensity  Nature and Biodiversity Energy Policies Munic ipal Waste Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery 2 Emissions  CO Use  Dioxide and and Adaptation  Clean and Effic ient Reduc tion and Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e2 )of Capital Inc orporating S ustainable Land Consumption Waste Water Treatment  Consumption  Green Urban Areas Transport  Energy Intensity Network Waste Rec ycling European Green  Adaptation Ambient AirEffic Quality (NO Intensity  Intensity Network Network European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 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DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as all titleindicators of theme) from the 10 (same as title of theme) laid out, we continue with Step 312to of the integrative methodology: collate and work now and in the future and now and in the future major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5)and and follow the theme Requirements ODPM, 12 future UK Cultural Requirements Diversity #10, and 11, Cultural Diversity and work now#10, and11, inSusta the inhabitants would want live Work-Life Balanc inhabitants e andwork would want to live Work-Life Balanc e and inviting enjoyable, S ense15 of of Wellbeing ina bility 2016, 8, 492 25 (Figure Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation laid out, we continue with Step of thespecified integrative methodology: collate from theme the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards 5) and specified (same as title of theme) (same as title3where of theme) DCLG, UK (samefollow as all titleindicators ofthe theme) PLC Toleranc Toleranc e themes. 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Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds PLC environment thatcoverage isPLC both An environment that is all both and work now and inlast thefirst Consumer Goods and in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds possibilities possibilities possibilities In the 10 themes above, the first three areinto In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the the three second are considered three wellbeing-oriented. more environmental, thethemes secondclearly three the 10 An themes above, first three are considered more environmental, second of indicators are sorted into themes for easy more and comprehensive reference. Entertainment rec reation Rec reation socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant moreInsocio-economic, and thethe last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Requirement #5and (same as title offor theme) coverage in Table 1 three to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show With how these hundreds of indicators are sorted into themes easy and comprehensive reference. PLC inviting and enjoyable,ODPM, where UK S inviting ense of Wellbeing and enjoyable, and where S ense of Wellbeing and Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15three of 25 S ervices Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and possibilities In the 10 themes above, the first three are In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the first the three second are considered three more environmental, the second DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. more socio-economic, and the last four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and the last With four themes more inhabitant clearly wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and last four more inhabitant With themes clearly laid out, we continue offor theeasy integrative methodology: collate laid out, we continue with Step 3ODPM, of the integrative methodology: indicators from the with 10 ODPM, UK Requirement #5 the (same as all title of theme) UK Requirement #5 ewellbeing-oriented. ODPM, UK Requirement (same #5 Step as title3 of theme) (same as all titleindicators of theme) from the 10 of indicators are sorted into themes and comprehensive reference. inhabitants would want to live Work-Life inhabitants would want to collate live Work-Life Balanc e Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 Balanc Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 15 of 25 ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and S ervices S ervices Sare ervices Consumer Goods and Insocio-economic, the 10 themes above, the first three considered more environmental, second three socio-economic, and the four more more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. and the last With four themes more inhabitant clearly wellbeing-oriented. With themes Table 2. continue Indicators sorte d into nvironme ntal themes: econtinue nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural laid out, we with Step 35)eof the follow integrative laid out, methodology: we with collate Step all 3indicators of the integrative from themethodology: 10 (Figure collate all indicators from clearly the 10 laid out, we continue with Step 3ODPM, of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators thesustainability 10 UK Requirement #5and (same title of theme) major global urban rankings/standards 5) ntal and follow the the specified theme and work now and inmore the future and work now inlast the future major global urban sustainability (Figure and the theme Table 2. from Indicators sorte dasinto e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme quality monitoring/natural Toleranc especified Susta ina bility 2016, 8,and 492 1528 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements 12 rankings/standards Diversity UK Cultural Requirements #10,and 11, 12 Cultural ODPM, Diversity UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Sustainability 2016, 8, #10, 49211, ODPM, 17 of S ervices more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly PLC Table 2. continue Indicators sorte d into ntal themes: econtinue nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural (same as title of theme) (same as all title of theme) (same asshow titleindicators of theme) laid out, we with Step 35)eenvironmental ofnvironme the integrative laid out, methodology: we with collate Step 3 indicators of the integrative from the methodology: 10 collate all from the 10 re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards major global (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure and follow the specified theme coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds possibilities Table sorteand d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural epossibilities Toleranc e 2. Indicators Toleranc e and An environment that both PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, re source consumption/lowe ring impact maintaining capacity. Entertainment and rec Rec reation Entertainment rec reation Rec reation PLC Cultural PLC Cultural possibilities UK Toleranc Requirements #10, 11,isreation 12 Cultural Diversity and PLC PLC (same as title of theme) laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards major global (Figure urban 5)sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow the theme coverage in 10 Table 1 to re-arrange indicators coverage into 10 in themes. Table 1Tables to re-arrange 2–4 show all how indicators these hundreds into 10Goods themes. 2–4 showcapacity. howspecified these hundreds Consumer andTables inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofsource Wellbeing and coverage in 10 Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds possibilities possibilities In the themes above, the first In the three are themes considered above, more the first environmental, three are considered the second more three environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. An environment that isPLC both Toleranc eUK An environment that is all both An environment that isreation both of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. re consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying Entertainment Rec reation Cultural possibilities ODPM, Requirement #5and (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK (same asrec title of theme) PLC Lowering Environmental major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme S ervices coverage in Table 1ofto re-arrange indicators coverage into in themes. Table 1Tables to re-arrange 2–4themes show all how indicators these hundreds into themes. Tables 2–4 show howEnvironmental these hundreds inhabitants would want to for live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. inviting andinto enjoyable, where S An ense Wellbeing and Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of10 Wellbeing inviting and and enjoyable, where ense of10 Wellbeing and possibilities of indicators are sorted into themes easy of and indicators comprehensive are sorted reference. into for easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Lowering environment that is all both ofDCLG, indicators themes for easy and comprehensive reference. more socio-economic, the more last four socio-economic, more inhabitant and wellbeing-oriented. last four inhabitant With themes clearly With themes clearly Table 2. Cont. UK are sortedand (same more as title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 the ODPM, UK Requirement #5 as title DCLG, UK DCLG, UK of theme) (same as title of theme) Impact and Maintaining Themes Natural(same Resource Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity andTables inhabitants would want to liveThemes Work-Life Balanc ethemes S ervices S ervices coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc inhabitants e would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumer Goods and Impact and Maintaining inviting and enjoyable, where ense of Wellbeing and of indicators are sorted into for easy of and indicators comprehensive are sorted reference. into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Natural Resource Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Tablewe 2. continue Indicatorswith sorteStep d into eof nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural laid out, laid 3DCLG, out, the we integrative continue methodology: with Step 3 of collate thequality integrative all indicators methodology: the 10 collate indicators from the 10 Quality ODPM, UK from Requirement #5 as all (same as title of theme) Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring UK (same title of theme) Carrying Capacity and Maintaining Themes Natural Resource Environmental Toleranc e and work now and Standard in the futureUK PLC Cultural and work now andwant in the future and workpossibilities now and inImpact the future ODPM, Requirements #10, 11, 12to Cultural ODPM, Diversity UK Requirements and #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and reference. S ervices Carrying Capacity inhabitants would live Work-Life Balanc e Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Impact and Maintaining of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: Table 2. e Indicators nvironme ntal sorte quality d into monitoring/natural e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. 2. Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme quality monitoring/natural (samefollow as title ofthe theme) as and title of theme) re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity. Standard Resource Lowering Environmental (same Impact Maintaining Themes Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring majorTable global urban sustainability major rankings/standards globalNatural urban sustainability (Figure 5) ntal rankings/standards andcarrying follow the especified (Figure theme 5)possibilities and specified theme Carrying Capacity Toleranc Toleranc e Anmore environment that both PLCIn the 10 Cultural PLCconsidered Cultural and workpossibilities now and the in thefirst futurethreeEnvironmental Quality Monitoring is12 Waste ODPM, UK2.e Indicators Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Standard Carrying Capacity themes above, are environmental, the second three Table Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: Table nvironme ntal sorte quality d show into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality re source consumption/lowe ring impact re source andconsumption/lowe maintaining carrying ringmonitoring/natural capacity. impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Consumption Carrying Capacity (same as title of theme)  monitoring/natural Waste re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Standard coverage inRanking/Standard Table 1 to re-arrange coverage all indicators in2.Table into 1 to 10 re-arrange themes. Tables all indicators 2–4 show into how 10 these themes. hundreds Tables 2–4 how these hundreds inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Low Carbon Buildings Toleranc e An environment that is both An environment that is both PLC Cultural possibilities  Waste In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, second three In the 10 themes above, the first three are In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the first the three second are considered three more environmental, the second three DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) moreresocio-economic, and thering lastenvironmental four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Low Carbon Buildings Table 2. Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal impact themes: e nvironme ntal quality Lowering Environmental source consumption/lowe impact reofsource and consumption/lowe maintaining carrying ringwhere capacity. and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental  monitoring/natural Waste inhabitants would want to live Carbon Work-Life Balanc e and inviting andinto enjoyable, where S ensecomprehensive Wellbeing and andResource enjoyable, S ense of Wellbeing Themesinviting Natural Environmental Quality Green Transport of indicators are sorted themes ofDCLG, indicators for the easy10Environmental and are sorted comprehensive themes reference. for three easy and reference. Themes Naturalinto Resource Quality is both Low Buildings An environment that In themes above, the first are considered more environmental, the second three Air quality (PM , PM ) UK DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) Impact and Maintaining Cities  Urban Greenery and more socio-economic, and theLow lastCarbon four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Green Transport more socio-economic, and the last four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and theall last With fourEnvironmental themes more inhabitant clearly wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Impact Maintaining  capacity. Low Carbon Buildings 10 now 2.5 and Lowering Lowering Environmental reand source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying laid out, we continue with Step 3 to oflive the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the 10 Lowering Environmental and work in the future Waste/Reuse/Recycle Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Infrastruc Low Carbon Cities  Greenery and inhabitants would want Work-Life Balanc inhabitants e Natural would want to livetureTransport Work-Life Balanc e and Ranking/ Themes Natural Consumption Monitoring inviting andResource enjoyable, where S enseUrban of Wellbeing Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Green Resource Environmental Quality Framework Environmental Quality Infrastruc ture Carrying Capacity Reduce Greenhouse DCLG, UK (same as all title ofGreen theme) Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Transport more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Impact and Maintaining Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Indicators for Sustainability laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative laid out, methodology: we continue with collate Step all 3 indicators of the integrative from the methodology: 10 collate indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Clean Vehic les Framework Environmental Quality and work now and in the future and work now and in the future Standard Green Spaces Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring Standard Infrastruc Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and inhabitants would want to liveture Environmental Work-Life Balanc e Ranking/ Consumption Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Quality Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme Table 2. Monitoring ntal Indicators themes: sorte e nvironme d into ental nvironme quality ntal monitoring/natural themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Clean Vehic les Gases/Energy Efficiency Framework Environmental Infrastruc ture Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity Lowering Environmental laid out, we continue with Step 35) ofrankings/standards the follow integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Urban Greenery and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure and the specified theme major global urban sustainability major global (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste  Clean Vehic les Framework Environmental Quality and work now and in the future Standard Standard  Waste Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Standard Themes Naturalabove, Resource Quality In the 10 maintaining themes the first Capacity threeEnvironmental are considered more environmental, the second three  Urban Greenery  Clean Vehic les and re source consumption/lowe ring environmental re source consumption/lowe impact and maintaining ring environmental carrying capacity. impact and carrying capacity. Carrying Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Environmental Quality Low Carbon Buildings Low Carbon Buildings  all Urban Greenery and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste  Waste Standard Standard  Waste coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in 10 Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators coverage 10 in themes. Table 1Tables to re-arrange 2–4 show how indicators these hundreds into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds In the themes above, the first three areinto In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the the three second are considered three more environmental, the second three of all indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Environmental Quality more socio-economic, and the lastfirst four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly  Urban Greenery and Carrying Capacity  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , show Green Transport Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings  into Green Transport Low Carbon Buildings Waste Waste Standard coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Household Waste Collection Quality Index last Waste Produc tion and Insocio-economic, the 10continue themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Ambient Airwellbeing-oriented. Quality (PM 10 , of indicators are sorted into themes for easy of and indicators comprehensive are sorted reference. into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Water quality Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and more socio-economic, and the last four more more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. and the With four themes more inhabitant clearly With themes clearly Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the  Waste Produc tion and10 Infrastruc ture PM 2.5 Ambient )Green Infrastruc tureTransport  Air Quality (PM 10 , Green Transport Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Themes Environmental Natural Resource Quality Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings  Waste Framework Environmental Quality  Water Management Management PM 2.5 ) Atmospheric Pollution (dust fallout) Household Waste Treatment Quality Index Framework Environmental Quality  Waste Produc tion and  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Urban Greenery and Percentage of Water Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Low Carbon Cities  Urbanwith Greenery and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. continue Indicators sorte d into ntal2.5themes: econtinue nvironme ntal monitoring/natural laid out, we Step 3 eofnvironme the integrative laid out, methodology: we with collate Step all 3indicators ofrankings/standards the from themethodology: 10 (Figure collate all indicators from the  Clean Vehic les European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )quality  sustainability Water Management Management major global urban 5) and follow the specified theme  Vehic les  Waste Produc tion and10 Infrastruc tureintegrative Infrastruc ture PM )Clean Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring Infrastruc ture  Green Transport Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings Healthy Cities Indicators  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Water Management Management PM 2.5themes: )Relative Atmospheric Pollution (SO , NO )nvironme Surface Area of2 )quality Green Spaces in thefrom City Pollutants Removed from Framework Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Low Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and 2into 2of Table 2. Indicators sorte d into eCarbon nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Table 2. Environmental Indicators sorte d into nvironme ntal themes: Table 2. e Indicators nvironme ntal sorte quality d monitoring/natural e ntal e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural reAward source consumption/lowe ring eenvironmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation laid out, we continue with Step 3 the integrative methodology: collate all indicators the 10  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les Urban Greenery and European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Water Management Management major global urban sustainability rankings/standards major global (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Clean Vehic les Standard Standard Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables how hundreds  Greenthese Transport Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Performanc e Incall orporating S ustainable Land TotalEnergy Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 22–4 ) show Swage Framework Environmental Environmental Quality Public Access toand Green Space Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery Table Indicators sorte d Produced into eenvironmental nvironme ntalinto themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Environmental and Adaptation re source consumption/lowe Framework ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Energy Performanc e these Inc orporating SQuality ustainable reAward source consumption/lowe ringall impact re source and consumption/lowe maintaining carrying ring capacity. environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Environmental Quality Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation 1Tables Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Treatment Urban Greenery and Urban Greenery andLand Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les Urban Greenery and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste  Waste Infrastruc ture coverage in2.Table 1 to re-arrange indicators coverage 10 in themes. Table to re-arrange 2–4 show all how indicators hundreds into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Useorporating and of indicators for easyS ustainable andAdaptation comprehensive reference. Capital Award are sorted into themes  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc e Inc Land Framework Environmental Quality  Nature and Biodiversity Use  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Quality Environmental Lowering Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation 1 toEnergy Performanc e Environmental Inc SQuality ustainable Land re source  consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying Environmental Quality  Low Carbon  Low Carbon Buildings  capacity. Urban Greenery and  orporating Urban Greenery  Cleanthese Vehic les coverage Table re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how hundreds  Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Produc tionand and Themes Naturalinto Resource Quality  Wastein Produc tion and Useallfor and Adaptation of indicators are sorted themes for easy Environmental of and indicators comprehensive areBuildings sorted reference. into themes easy and comprehensive reference.  Munic ipal Waste Impact and Maintaining PM 2.5 Ambient )  Nature and Use Ambient AirBiodiversity Quality (PM 10 ,  Air Quality (PM 10 , PM 2.5 Ambient ) Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental  Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Green Transport  Green Transport  Urban Greenery and Munic Produc ipal Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Management Management  Nature Biodiversity  e nvironme Waste Produc tion and and  monitoring/natural Waste tion and  Index Water Management Management Themes Natural Resource Environmental Qualityand Water Greenery Quality AirGreen Pollution (PM )sorte Themes Themes Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Environmental Waste Produc and of indicators aretion sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities  Natural Urban  Urban Greenery and 10Water 2.Air Indicators dthemes into ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal210)quality Better Life European Air Quality Produc tion Carrying Capacity European Green  Air Quality (NO 2 )  Munic ipal Waste Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining PM 2.5 Ambient )Table PM 2.5 Ambient ) Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture  Quality (PM 10 ,  Ambient Air Quality (NO (PM , PM 2.5 Ambient ) Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Produc tion Produc Standard  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Munic ipal Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring  Water Management Water Management Management Management Framework Framework Environmental Quality Quality  Waste Produc tion and  Waste tion and Water Management Management Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Table 2.  Indicators sorte into e(NO nvironme ntal2.5themes: Table 2.Air e Indicators nvironme ntal sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal210carrying monitoring/natural Capital Climate Change: Mitigation  monitoring/natural Waste Rec ycling reAward source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity. Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation European Green European  Ambient Green Quality (NO 2 )quality Ambient Air Quality (NO )quality Produc tion Carrying Capacity  Vehic les  Clean Vehic les Carrying Carrying Capacity European Green Ambient AirdQuality 2) Impact and Maintaining PM )Clean PM 2.5 )Ambient  Air Quality (PM , Waste Rec ycling Energy Performanc eCapacity Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste  Waste Water Treatment Standard  Land Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas  Energy Performanc e Inc S ustainable Produc tion Produc Standard Standard Waste Water Treatment  orporating Green Urban Areas Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Water Management Water Management Management Management  Waste tion and  Waste Reduc tion and and Adaptation Table 2.Change: Indicators sorte eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal2carrying monitoring/natural Capitalre Award Capital  impact Climate Mitigation  Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation Rec ycling source consumption/lowe ring environmental reAward source and consumption/lowe maintaining ring impact and maintaining capacity. Capital AwardLiveability Ranking European Climate Change: Mitigation Urban Greenery and  capacity. Urban Greenery Green  European Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2carrying ) d into Ambient Air Quality (NO )quality Carrying Capacity PM 2.5 ) andLand  Reduc tion and Use Low Carbon Buildings Use Waste Rec ycling Energy Performanc e Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Inc orporating S ustainable Land  orporating Waste S ustainable  Waste   Waste Water Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas  Energy Performanc Inc Land Standarde Water Management Management  tion Nature and Biodiversity Policenvironmental ies  Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Reduc and and and Adaptation and Adaptation Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Capital Award and Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation  Climate Change: Mitigation reAward source consumption/lowe ring impact maintaining capacity. European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2carrying ) Polic ies  Waste Reduc tion andLand  Green Transport Use Use  Low Carbon Buildings Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings Use  Energy Performanc e Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Air Pollution  Munic ipal Waste Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and (PM 10 ,  Nature and Biodiversity  Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity Munic ipal Waste Polic ies Environmental Impact and Maintaining  Nature and Ambient AirBiodiversity Quality (PM 10 , Ambient Air Quality and Adaptation and Lowering Lowering Environmental Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Partic ulate Matter  Water Consumption  orporating Energy-effic ient Infrastruc Polic ies Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Green Transport  Waste Produc tion and  Waste Produc tion and Green Transport  Green Transport Use Use Themes Natural Themes Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Quality  Low Buildings and Energy Performanc eture Inc S ustainable Land  Partic Matter S ystem Buildings SCarbon tandards Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Climate Wasteulate Disposal  Munic ipalEnvironmental Waste  Munic ipal Waste Produc tion Cities Low Carbon Cities  2.5Urban Greenery andLeakages Low Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities Carbon Urban Greenery Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity  Nature and Biodiversity Munic ipal Waste Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining PM )Sewage PM 2.5 )Partic and Adaptation Lowering Environmental Quality-of-Living Report  S ulfur Dioxide  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Clean Vehic les ulate Matter Consumption  Energy-effic ient Infrastruc ture Standard Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring  Water Management  Water Management Management Management  Green Transport Use Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ientS  ulfurulate Dioxide  Waste Rec ycling Partic Matter Waste Rec ycling Ambient Water S Quality ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Framework Environmental Quality Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Produc tion Produc tion Record of Natural Disasters European Green European Green  Air (NO 2 )  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2)  Munic ipal Waste  Munic ipal Waste Produc tion Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity Impact and Maintaining Nitrogen Dioxide Wastewater Treatment  Energy Efficles ient Urban Greenery and  S ulfur Vehic Dioxide  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Clean les  Clean Vehic les Clean Vehic  Waste  Waste Water Treatment  Waste Effic Water Treatment Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas Standard Standard Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Water y and Buildings Initiatives  Dioxide  Waste Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion andWater Effic ienc Wastewater Treatment  Effic ientNitrogen S ulfur Dioxide Waste Rec ycling Rec ycling Capital Award Capital Award  Climate Change:ienc Mitigation Climate Change: Mitigation Rec ycling Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Produc tion  Munic ipal Waste Carrying Capacity and y Energy and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Environmental Quality Nitrogen Dioxide WastewaterInc Treatment Energy Effic ient  Urban Greenery Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and Clean Vehic les  Energy Performanc e  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land orporating S ustainable Land  Waste  Waste Standard Green City Indexand Adaptation Treatment  Use Initiatives of Rec Non-c ar Transport 2 Emissions  CO Polic ies  WaterPolic Efficies ienc y and Buildings Nitrogen Dioxide Reduc tion and Reduc tion and Polic ies  Waste Reduc tion and and Adaptation  Waste ycling  Waste Rec ycling Produc tion Intensity Green City22 Emissions Index Treatment Polic  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Water ienc y Urban and Carbon Buildings Initiatives Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Efficies  CO Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Green Transport Use Use  Low Buildings Low Carbon Buildings  Greenery and  Waste  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport 2 Intensity  CO  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Waste and  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Green City Index Treatment ies Use of Produc Non-c artion Transport 2 Emissions Electric Car Charging Points  Polic ies Polic ies Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Nature andPolic Biodiversity  Nature andtion Biodiversity  Reduc and Reduc tionTransport and Polic ies Waste ycling Reduc S trategy Energy Consumption S izeture ofRec Non-car  tion Partic ulate Matter Partic ulate Matter  Green Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport PM 2.5 CO )City22 Intensity  Ambient Air Quality Infrastruc Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,S ystem  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Quality  Green Transport  Green Transport Low Buildings Intensity(PM 10 , Network Reduc tion S and trategy Leakages Buildings SCarbon tandards EnergyConsumption Consumption S ize ofProduc Non-car Transport 22 Intensity  CO  Water  Water Consumption Management Management Energy-effic ient Energy-effic ient S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Waste Produc tion and Framework Environmental Quality  Waste tion and  Waste Produc tionand and Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Population Green Space Munic ipal Waste Munic ipal Waste Polic ies Polic ies Low Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery Reduc tion Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies Qualityof Life Survey  S ulfur Dioxide 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Partic ulate Matter Partic ulate Matter  ulfurEnergy Dioxide  Clean Vehic ulate Matter PM 2.5S )Partic PM 2.5 Ambient )Energy Effic PMAreas 2.5 ) Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture  Air ient Quality (PM 10 ,  Green Transport Consumption of Framework  Green Transport Clean AirQuality Polic ies  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Efficles ient Intensity Network 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Waste Consumption Water Treatment Urban Wastewater Treatment  S ystem Leakages S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Buildings S tandards Management Management  Water  Water Consumption Management Management Management Management Energy-effic ient  Energy-effic ient  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Framework Environmental Quality Environmental  Waste Produc tion and Produc tion Produc tion Sunshine Polic ies Low Carbon Cities  les S Urban Greenery and (NO 2 )  Ozone  Energy Consumption ofVehic  Green Transport Nitrogen Dioxide Network Capital Award Climate Change: Nitrogen Dioxide Air Polic iesMitigation  ulfur Dioxide  ulfurulate Dioxide European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Urban Greenery and European European Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2 ) Intensity Ambient Air Quality Partic ulate Matter Partic Matter S ulfur Dioxide  Clean  Clean Vehic PM 2.5 S )Clean Infrastruc ture Residential Promotion  Ozone Water Effic ienc y Energy and S tandards Buildings Initiatives  Water Effic ienc y andGreen   Buildings Initiatives Consumption Green Transport Clean AirQuality Polic ies Energy Performanc e of Framework Wastewater Treatment  Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Effic ient  Energy Efficles ient Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Waste Water Treatment WasteBuildings Water Treatment Urban Areas Green Urban Areas Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Waste Rec ycling Waste ycling WaterBuildings S ystem Leakages S ystem Leakages Buildings Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption Management Management  Energy-effic ient Environmental Residential Promotion 2 Emissions  CO  Ozone  Mitigation Energy Consumption ofRec  Green Transport and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide 2 Emissions  CO Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Environmental Quality Capital Award Capital Climate Award Change: Climate Change: Mitigation Nitrogen Dioxide  S ulfur Dioxide  S ulfur Dioxide  Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Partic ulate Matter  Clean Vehic les Treatment Green Land Polic ies Green CityInitiatives Index Treatment ies  Use S of Non-c ar Transport Residential Buildings Promotion  Use Ozone  Water Effic ienc y and Water Effic ienc y Green and Use Buildings Buildings Initiatives Green City Index Treatment ies  orporating Use of Non-c ar Transport WaterPolic Effic ienc y and Buildings  Energy Performanc e Inc S ustainable Waste Reduc tion andLand Waste Reduc tion and Energy Performanc e Energy Performanc e Initiatives Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Inc orporating S ustainable Land Inc orporating S ustainable Land Energy Effic ient  Energy Effic ient  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas WaterPolic S ystem Leakages Buildings  Greentandards Land Use Polic ies Intensity Residential Buildings Promotion Nature and Biodiversity  CO 22 Intensity 2 Emissions 22 Emissions  CO  CO and Adaptation Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  S ulfur Dioxide  Urban Greenery and  Renewable Energy  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies City Index Green Cityof Index Treatment Polic ies Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Use Initiatives of Produc Non-c artion Transport Use  Waste and Water Effic ienc y and Water Effic ienc y and Use Use Buildings Initiatives Buildings Green City Index Treatment Polic Green ies Use Non-c ar Transport Polic ies Polic ies  Energy Performanc e  Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating S ustainable Land Energy Effic ient  Renewable Energy 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Reduc S trategy Green Land Use Polic ies  Munic ipal Waste Intensity 2 Emissions Intensity Nature andtion Biodiversity Nature and Biodiversity Nature and Biodiversity 22 Intensity  CO PM 2.5 ) 22 Emissions 2  CO  CO Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Intensity Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide Environmental Quality Consumption Network  Intensity Network  Energy Energy Consumption  Energy Consumption Sand izeof ofProduc Non-car Transport S izeInitiatives ofProduc Non-car Transport EnergyConsumption Consumption  S ize Index of Non-car Transport  Water Water Consumption WaterPolic Management Management Energy-effic ientTreatment Energy-effic ient Green City Index  Green City Treatment Polic ies ies  y Renewable Use Non-c artion Transport  Use of Non-c artion Transport Waste and Waste and  Effic ienc Use Buildings Consumption Clean AirAir Polic ies  Renewable Energy 22 Reduc tion S trategy 22 Reduc tion S trategy  CO  CO Clean Air Polic Produc tionofand 2 Reduc tion ies S trategy CO Munic ipal Waste European Green Ambient Quality (NO 2 ), Partic ulate Matter Partic ulate Matter  Munic ipal Waste Munic ipal Waste Intensity Intensity  Nature and Biodiversity PM 2.5 ) PM 2.5 ) 2 Emissions  CO Ambient Air Quality (PM 10  Clean Effic ient  Energy Consumption  Green Transport Consumption  Intensity Intensity Network Network  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Intensity Network  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Energy Consumption Energy Consumption  S izeSof Non-car Transport S izeof ofProduc Non-car Transport  Water S ystem Leakages Water S ystem Leakages Green Buildings SIndex tandards Buildings tandards Management WaterPolic Management Management Management City Treatment ies Use Non-c artion Transport  Waste and Clean Effic ient  Ozone Consumption  S Ozone  Waste Rec ycling Clean Air Polic ies Air Polic ies Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation 2 Reduc tion S trategy Reduc tion S trategy CO Clean Polic ies Produc tion ulfur Air Dioxide  S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Produc tion and European Green  Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Munic ipal Waste 22 Intensity  CO Energy Policies PM 2.5ient )Clean Residential Promotion Residential Buildings Promotion  Clean Effic  Consumption of European Energy Consumption Green Transport  Green Transport Energy Intensity Intensity Network Network  Energy Consumption  Green Performanc e ofand Wastewater Treatmentof Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating S ustainable Land EnergyTransport Effic ient Energy Effic ient  Waste Water Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Water Management Management Energy Policies  Clean and Effic ient  Waste Reduc tion and  Ozone  Ozone Ozone Dioxide Waste Rec ycling and Adaptation Nitrogen Nitrogen Dioxide Rec ycling Waste ycling Clean Air Polic iesMitigation Clean Air Polic ies Capital Award  Residential Capital  Climate Award Change: Climate Change: Mitigation 2 Reduc tion S trategy CO Produc tion European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Air Quality (level of Energy  orporating Green Rec Land Use Polic ies Energy Policies Residential Promotion Promotion Green Land Use ies Buildings Residential Promotion  WaterBuildings Effic ienc y and WaterBuildings Effic ienc y and Use Buildings Initiatives Buildings  Consumption Consumption ofTransport  Green  Green Transport Intensity Network Energy Performanc e of  Performanc e Initiatives Inc orporating S ustainable Land Inc S ustainable Land Polic Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Air Quality (level of Energy Policies Polic ies Waste Reduc tion and Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion and Ozone  Ozone 2 Emissions  CO 2 Emissions  CO and Adaptation and Adaptation Rec ycling Clean Air Polic iesMitigation Capital Award  Climate Change:  Renewable Energy partic ulate matter)  Air Quality (level of Energy Renewable Energy  Green Land Use Polic ies Green Land Use Polic ies Residential Buildings Residential Promotion Promotion Green Land Use Polic ies Buildings Green City Index City Index Treatment Polic Green ies Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Use of Non-c ar Transport Use Use  Consumption of  Green Transport Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land partic ulate matter)  ient Air Quality (level of Water Consumption  Energy-effic Polic ies  Munic ipal Waste 2 Intensity  CO 2 Intensity  CO Polic ies Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Reduc tion and  Ozone and Adaptation Consumption Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Consumption Partic ulate Matter  Renewable Energy  Renewable Energy partic ulate matter)  Renewable Energy  Energy Consumption  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport S ize of Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies Green Land Use Polic ies Residential Buildings Promotion Use CO 2 Reduc Watertion  Green Building Citiestion  Climate Change partic matter) S ystem Leakages Sustainable Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient S trategy 2 Reduc S trategy    CO Water Consumption Water  Energy-effic ientulate  Energy-effic ient Produc tion and Munic ipal Waste Munic ipal Waste Polic ies  Nature andMatter Biodiversity Index Ec ological Footprint  Water Consumption  Green Building Clean Effic ient Consumption Consumption Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Clean and Effic ient S ulfur Dioxide Consumption  ParticEnergy ulate Matter  Energy Intensity Intensity Network Network Partic ulate Matter  Partic ulate  Renewable Energy  Renewable Energy 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WastewaterEnergy Treatment Energy Effic ientAir Quality (level of Energy Effic ient Waste Rec ycling  Waste Rec ycling Water S(level ystem Buildings S tandards  Food Produc tion Produc tion  Policies Energy Policies Air Quality ofLeakages  Biodiversity 2 Emissions CO Energy Policies  Residential Nitrogen Dioxide Residential Buildings Buildings Promotion Promotion Nitrogen Dioxide  Nitrogen Dioxide  Clean and Effic ient  Clean and Effic ient Consumption  S ulfur Dioxide Food Produc tion  ient Biodiversity Treatment Polic  y Waste Use of Reduc Non-c ar Transport  Water EfficGreen ienc y City and Index Buildings Initiatives Water Efficies ienc y and  Water Effic ienc and Initiatives Buildings Buildings Initiatives Polic ies tion and  Waste Reduc tion and Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic Rec ycling partic ulate matter)  Food Produc tion 2 Intensity CO Air Quality (level of  Air Quality (level of partic ulate matter) Energy Policies Energy Policies  Air Quality (level of CO 2 Emissions 2 Emissions 2 Emissions Green Land Use Polic ies  Green Land UseCO Polic ies  Nitrogen Dioxide  Clean and Effic ient  Food Produc tion  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport Green City Index Treatment Polic Green ies  Use Non-c ar WaterPolic Consumption  Energy-effic City Index Green City2 of Index Treatment Polic Treatment ies Use Initiatives of Non-c ar Transport Use of Reduc Non-cient ar Transport  Water Efficies ienc y and Buildings Polic ies Polic ies  Waste tion and Sustainable Cities Energy Climate Change Reduc tion STransport trategy  CO Sustainable Cities Climate Change partic ulate matter) partic ulate matter) 2 Intensity  CO Partic ulate Matter 2Quality Intensity Intensity CO Air (level of Water Air 2Quality (level of Renewable Energy  Renewable partic ulate matter) Energy Policies  CO Transport  Green Building Intensity Network Water Consumption  Green  Energy S ize2 Emissions ofBuilding Non-car  Energy Consumption Energy 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tandards Buildings S tandards  Water  Energy-effic ient  Ozone Index Index Ec ological Footprint Ec ological Footprint  Biodiversity Index Ec ological Footprint Clean Air Polic ies Leakages Sustainable  Nitrogen Dioxide Clean Air Polic ies Clean Air Polic ies Sustainable Cities Climate Cities Change Climate Change and Effic  Clean and  Effic ient 2 Reduc tionient S trategy  CO S ulfur Dioxide S ulfur Dioxide partic ulate matter)  Partic ulate Matter Residential Buildings Promotion  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Water  Green Building  Green Building  Energy Consumption of  Energy Consumption of Transport Transport Intensity Network Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Energy Effic ient  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Food Produc tion  Food Produc tion  Biodiversity Biodiversity Ozone Ozone Ozone Index Index Ec ological Footprint Eculfur ological Footprint Energy Policies Energy Policies  Biodiversity 2 Emissions  Nitrogen Nitrogen Dioxide Clean Air Dioxide Polic ies Sustainable Cities Climate Change  UseCO S Dioxide  y Green Green Land Polic ies Residential Buildings Promotion Residential Buildings Residential Buildings Promotion Promotion City Index Treatment Use of Building Non-c ar Transport Water Effic ienc y and of Green  WaterPolic Efficies ienc and Initiatives Buildings Buildings Initiatives  Green Energy Consumption  Transport Energy Effic ient Food Produc tion Food Produc tion  Food Produc tion of 22 Intensity CO Air Quality (level Air 2Quality (level of WastewaterTreatment  Biodiversity  Biodiversity Ozone Index Ec ological Footprint Emissions Emissions CO  Nitrogen Dioxide Renewable Energy  Green Land Use ies Polic PolicWater Energy Consumption S izeInitiatives ofLand Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies Green Use Polic ies Residential Buildings Promotion Green City Index Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Treatment ies  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Consumer Goods and inviting enjoyable, where ense of Wellbeing and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the Susta ina bility 2016,Requirement 8,more 492 15 of 10 25 Insocio-economic, the 10continue themessustainability above, the first three are considered environmental, the second three ODPM, UK #5 follow DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. more and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly laid ina out, we continue Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate alllast indicators from the 10 laid out, we Step 3all ofrankings/standards the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 Toleranc e Balanc major global urban (Figure 5)possibilities and the specified theme Susta bility 2016, 8, 492 withand Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 ofmethodology: 25 15 of 25 Entertainment rec reation Rec reation PLC Cultural and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity coverage in2016, Table 1 to with re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. 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S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and possibilities possibilities An environment that is both global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Entertainment rec reation Rec reation coverage in2.Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Insocio-economic, the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, thethemes secondclearly three ofODPM, indicators sorted into themes for easy major and comprehensive reference. of indicators are sorted into for easy more and comprehensive reference. UK are Requirement #5and ODPM, UK Requirement (same #5 dthemes asinto titleall of theme) (same asshow title of theme) DCLG, UKthemes. (same as title of theme) Consumer Goodswellbeing-oriented. and and the four more inhabitant With Table Indicators sorte e nvironme ntal themes: nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural PLC Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 ofUK 25 e are and work now and inlast the future ODPM, UK2016,possibilities Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and of indicators sorted into themes for and comprehensive ODPM, Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) S ervices S ervices inhabitants would want toWith liveeasy Work-Life Balanc e and reference. Consumer Goods and Consumer Goods and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of of Wellbeing more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. themes clearly Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 25 coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. S ervices ODPM, UK Requirement #5 ODPM, UK Requirement (same #5 as title of theme) (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK (same as all titleindicators of theme)themes more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate from the 10 Toleranc e PLC Cultural possibilities and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural ODPM, Diversity UK Requirements and #10, 11, 3 12of the integrative Cultural Diversity and S ervices S ervices inhabitants would to live Work-Life e Consumer Goods and Table 2. Indicators sorte daswant into e nvironme ntal themes: ntal quality monitoring/natural laid out, we continue with Step methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 ina 2016, 8, 492 ntal 15 ofBalanc 25 e nvironme (same title3 of theme) ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and considering of indicators are sorted into for easy Susta and comprehensive reference. ODPM, UK2016, Requirement #5 dthat (same asinto titlesocio-economic of theme) Table 2. Indicators sorte e nvironme ntal themes: nvironme quality monitoring/natural Table sorte dthemes e nvironme ntal themes: econtinue nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural rebility source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we with Step of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Table 3.possibilities Indicators sorted intoSusta socio-economic themes: a #10, sound environment/adequate infrastructure/development strategy both human Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25 Toleranc eUK2.e Indicators Toleranc e An environment both ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme (same as title of theme) Entertainment and into rec Rec reation PLC Cultural PLC Cultural possibilities and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11,isreation 12 Cultural ODPM, Diversity Requirements and 11, 12environmental Cultural Diversity and S ervices In the2.10 themes above, the three areimpact considered more ntal environmental, the second three Table Indicators sorte d efirst nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme quality monitoring/natural re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining carrying capacity. Toleranc e 25 PLCre source consumption/lowe ring environmental Susta ina 2016, 8, 492 sustainability 15 of major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)possibilities and follow the specified theme Entertainment and rec Rec reation PLC Cultural (same asinto titlereation of theme) ntal (same asinto title of theme) Table 2. Indicators sorte dthat eenvironmental nvironme themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental impact maintaining carrying capacity. reofbility source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. inviting and enjoyable, where S ense Wellbeing and PLC Susta ina bility 8, 492 15global of 25 Toleranc e and Toleranc e An environment that both An environment is both major urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme PLC Cultural possibilities Cultural possibilities and natural environment. ODPM, UK2016,possibilities Requirements #10, 11,is12 Cultural Diversity and coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. more and the last four morehundreds inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly possibilities An environment that is both Susta ina 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec Recinto reation (same asinto titlereation of theme) coverage in2016, 1 toand re-arrange all indicators themes. Tables 2–4 show how these Impact and Maintaining Table 2.Table Indicators sorte dthat eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e8, reofbility source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Consumer Goods and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense Wellbeing inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of10 Wellbeing and PLC Susta ina bility 2016,Entertainment 8, 492 15 of 25 recisreation Rec reation Toleranc eUK An environment that both An environment is both Entertainment and reation Rec reation PLC Cultural possibilities Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in Table 1 toand re-arrange all indicators into themes. Tables 2–4 show howthe these hundreds Natural Resource Quality In the 10 themes above, the first three considered more environmental, second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental ODPM, UK Requirement #5and DCLG, DCLG,Themes (same asrec title of theme) Environmental (same asrec title of theme) Consumer Goods and inviting enjoyable, where Sare ense of10 Wellbeing and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly possibilities PLC UK PLC Entertainment and reation Rec reation laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining and work now and in the future Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) Lowering Environmental DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) from the 10 S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc inhabitants e and would want to live Work-Life Balanc e and reofsource consumption/lowe ringwhere environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. possibilities inviting andResource enjoyable, where ense Wellbeing inviting andResource enjoyable, S ense of Wellbeing possibilities PLC Entertainment and recisreation Rec reation An environment that both Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Impact and Maintaining Natural Environmental Natural Environmental Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. S ervices Lowering Environmental inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e DCLG, UK DCLG,Themes UK Quality (same asrec title of theme) (same as title of theme) Consumer Goods and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly possibilities PLC Themes Entertainment and reation Rec reation laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Themes Development Strategy and Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity and Maintaining major global urban sustainability (Figure and followHuman the specified theme Impact and Maintaining and work now andwant in the and work now inImpact thetofuture Themes Resource Environmental Quality ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural and ODPM, UK #5andwant (same as title ofrankings/standards theme) Lowering Environmental Consumer GoodsRequirement inhabitants would tofuture live Work-Life Balanc inhabitants eand would live Work-Life Balanc e Natural Consumer Goods and 5)Considering possibilities inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and PLC Adequate Infrastructure Entertainment Rec reation Waste Standard A Sound Socio-economic Environment Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining and now inthe future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, Cultural Diversity andworkwith Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality ODPM, UK Ranking/Standard Requirement #5and rec reation (same as11, title12of theme) Standard ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same as all title of theme) S ervices DCLG, UK Consumer Goods and possibilities Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural PLC Natural Environment laid out, we continue Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the 10 Carrying Capacity Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Toleranc e major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme (same as title of theme) Impact and Maintaining PLCIn the 10 possibilities Cultural and workpossibilities now andwant in theto future and work environmental, now in theefuture Sare ervices ODPM, UK #5and S ervices coverage in Table 1 to ntal re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show howCapacity these hundreds Lowering Environmental Consumer GoodsRequirement inhabitants would livethree Work-Life Balanc eand Low Carbon Buildings themes above, the first considered more the second three sorte dasinto ntal themes: eQuality nvironme quality monitoring/natural  all Waste Standard Standard Toleranc e Goods Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying PLCTable Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK2. Indicators Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Themes Natural Resource Environmental ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same title12ofnvironme theme) S ervices Consumer and Table 2.Table Indicators sorte dasinto eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Standard Carrying Capacity An environment that is both major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Impact and Maintaining ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and S ervices ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same title of theme) coverage in 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Consumer Goods and  capacity. Green Transport Low Carbon Buildings Insocio-economic, the themes above, three are In considered the 10consumption/lowe themes more environmental, above, the first the three second are considered three more environmental, second three of indicators are sorted into themes for the easy and comprehensive reference. is12 Waste re source ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying  Waste more and lastfirst four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Standard Toleranc e of Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring An environment that both (same as11, title of theme) (same as title theme) PLC Cultural possibilities Shift Transport ODPM, Requirements #10, Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK 10 Requirement #5 thethe Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery andMode S ervices Low Carbon Buildings In the 10 themes above, first three Toleranc areinto considered more environmental, the second three re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  of Waste enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and Toleranc eUK e themes. Carrying Capacity PLC Cultural possibilities (same asthe title of theme) PLC Cultural ODPM, UK 10 inviting Requirements 11, 12 Cultural and Infrastruc ture S ervices coverage in Table 1 topossibilities re-arrange all indicators 10 Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Green Transport last Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings Insocio-economic, the themesand above, the first three are In considered the 10 Requirements themes more environmental, above, the first the three second considered more environmental, the second three of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense ofthree Wellbeing and Waste more and#10, the last four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and the With four themes more inhabitant clearly wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Standard Toleranc e An environment that is both (same as title of theme) Framework Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 PLC Cultural possibilities Traffic Management ODPM, UK #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Lowering Environmental inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Toleranc e  Clean Vehic les An environment that is both An environment that is both PLC Cultural possibilities (same as title ofLow theme) Site Selection ODPM, UK 10 Requirements #10, 11, 12first three Cultural Diversityinviting and Infrastruc ture Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and last Green Transport  Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Carbon Buildings Insocio-economic, the themessustainability above, the are considered more environmental, the second of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing and  Waste more and the four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and the With four themes more inhabitant clearly themes clearly Table 2. Quality Indicators sorte dthemes into eWith nvironme ntal themes: nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Toleranc emethodology: An environment that is3indicators both (same aswant title of theme) Framework Environmental laid out, we continue with Step 3both of the integrative laid out, methodology: we continue with collate Step all of the integrative from the 10 collate indicators from the 10 eQuality PLC Cultural possibilities Community Services Infrastructure Provision Infrastruc ture Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery andand major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)and and follow the specified theme Impact and Maintaining  Green Transport and work now and inlast future Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality DCLG, (same as all title of theme) Lowering Environmental Low Carbon Cities Framework inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and inviting enjoyable, S ense of Wellbeing and  Urban Greenery and Toleranc eUK  Clean Vehic les An environment that isthe PLC Cultural possibilities Framework Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3where ofnvironme the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the 10 Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Urban Form Infrastruc ture Consumption Monitoring Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and ntal Impact and Maintaining and work now and in the future Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK (same as all title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e ntal themes: e nvironme quality monitoring/natural  Clean Vehic les An environment that is both Framework Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Framework Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative laid out, methodology: we continue with collate Step all 3 indicators of the integrative from the methodology: 10 collate all indicators from the 10 Energy (infrastructure) Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards major global (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Impact and Maintaining Environmental Quality inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and  Urban Greenery and theoffuture Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les An environment that is both Framework Environmental Quality Standard Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified and work now and in  Green Transport DCLG, UK (same as title theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e and inviting and enjoyable, where S enseUrban ofsource Wellbeing  monitoring/natural Urban Greenery and Table 2.(Figure Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality  Clean Vehic les theme re consumption/lowe ring impact maintaining capacity. Framework Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3all of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the Water Management (infrastructure) Standard Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Greenery and and work now and in the future major urban rankings/standards major (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme 5)(PM and follow the specified themeand and work now in theof future Ambient Air Quality 10 ,and Environmental Quality inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e and coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators coverage into 10 in themes. Table 1Tables to re-arrange 2–4 show all how indicators these hundreds into 1010 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds DCLG, UK (same asshow title theme) inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense ofglobal Wellbeing the Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery In global the themes above, the first three considered more environmental, the second three ofDCLG, indicators sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Clean Vehic les  Wastethese Standard Infrastruc ture  Waste Produc tionand and and work now and in future UK 10are (same as title of theme) Environmental Quality coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how hundreds inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three  Urban Greenery and Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Framework Environmental Quality and work now and in the future PM 2.5 ) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Quality Environmental Quality inhabitants would want to for live Work-Life ewellbeing-oriented. coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators coverage into 10Balanc in themes. Table 1Tables to re-arrange 2–4 show allWith how indicators these hundreds into 10 themes.Natural Tables 2–4 show how hundreds Themes Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and of indicators are sorted into themes easy of and indicators comprehensive are sorted reference. into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Cleanthese Vehic les  Waste more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant themes clearly work Water Management Management  Waste Produc tion and Air and now and in the future  Ambient Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Quality Impact and Maintaining In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three  Low Carbon Buildings of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental more socio-economic, and the last how fourthese more inhabitant With themes clearly European Green  hundreds Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ), and work now in the future  Waste Produc tion three and PM 2.5 )Inthree  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Water  Ambient Airwellbeing-oriented. 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With clearly European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 and Water Management PM 2.5 )In laid out, we continue with Step 3 first of the integrative methodology: collate all from the 10  Waste Produc tion and PM )considered Local Transport Standard Infrastruc ture  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10) ,Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery Environmental Quality  Green Transport In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. European Green Capital Award  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, andquality the Management last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly European Green  Ambient Air Quality 2) 2. Indicators sorteManagement d into nvironme ntal impact themes: Table 2.(Figure e Indicators nvironme ntal sorte quality d into monitoring/natural e the nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural  sustainability Water Management Water Management re source consumption/lowe ring eenvironmental and maintaining carrying capacity. Framework Environmental Quality  Waste Produc tion and Greenery PM 2.5 )Integrated Environmental Management Infrastruc ture Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Urban and (NO majorTable global urban rankings/standards 5)(NO and follow specified theme Impact and Maintaining and Adaptation In the themes above, the three are2.5 considered more environmental, the second three Capital Award  Climate  Mitigation Waste Water Treatment  Green Urbanles Areas more socio-economic, and last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. themes clearly European Green  Ambient Air Quality 2 ) the European Green Ambient Air Quality 2 ) ,Management 2.Change: Indicators sorte d into eWith nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Clean Water Management laid out, we10 continue with Step 3 first of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10Change:  Waste Framework Environmental Quality PM )Table Standard Infrastruc tureVehic  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)(NO and follow the specified theme Use In the 10continue themes above, the three areinhabitant considered more environmental, second three Capital Award  Climate Mitigation Energy ethe Inc S ustainable Land  Waste Treatment Treatment Green Urban Areas  sustainability Waste Water  Green Urban Areas more socio-economic, and the last four more wellbeing-oriented. 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Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Green Transport Themes Themes Natural Resource allrankings/standards Environmental Quality Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings Lowering Environmental  Munic ipal Waste  Nature and Biodiversity major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and the specified theme Framework Environmental Quality Waste Produc tion and Use Green Management  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , follow Carrying Carbon Cities coverage in (Figure Table re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds  Urban Greenery and 1 to Energy Performanc eCapacity Inc orporating S ustainable Land Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining  Waste Rec ycling Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. 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Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Natural Resource Environmental Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for Capacity easy and comprehensive Produc tion Munic ipal Waste Table Indicators sorte dthemes into all e nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Tables Water Management Management Framework Environmental Quality and  Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) 10 Cities Use Public Participation in Green PolicyWaste Reduc tion and Greenery Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Carrying Low Carbon coverage in2.Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds  Urban Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining  Waste Rec ycling of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental Produc tion Produc tion  Urban Greenery Table Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Munic ipal Waste  Clean Vehic les and Tables Water Management Management PM 2.5 )  hundreds Nature and Biodiversity  Wastethese Standard Standard Infrastruc ture coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange allfor indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how Carrying Capacity Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring  Waste Rec ycling of indicators are sorted into themes easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Waste Water Treatment Green Produc tion Urban Areas European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Management Water Management re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Framework Environmental Quality Polic ies Standard  Waste Reduc tion and Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Treatment Waste Rec ycling ycling of indicators are sorted intoWater for easy and comprehensive reference. Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Mitigation  Waste  Green Urban Areas Produc tion Rec Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and Table 2. Indicators sorte dthemes into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural European Green AmbientChange: Air Quality (NO 2 ) Munic ipal Waste  Clean Vehic les reAward source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity.  Waste  Waste Standard  orporating Reduc tion andLand Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Waste ycling of indicators are sorted into dthemes for easyStandard and themes: comprehensive Capital  tion Climate Energy e Reduc Inc S ustainable  Mitigation Waste  Green Urban Areas Table 2. Indicators sorte into e nvironme ntal e nvironme ntal quality Table Indicators sorteWater dPerformanc into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality  reference. Water Consumption Treatment Energy-effic ient  monitoring/natural Waste Rec Polic ies  monitoring/natural Waste Reduc and 2.Change:  Waste tion and

Carrying Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation  Waste Rec ycling Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy eCapacity Inc orporating S ustainable Land  eenvironmental Green Transport Produc tionCarbon  Partic ulate Matter Low Carbon Buildings Low Buildings  Urban Produc Greenery Table 2. Indicators sorte dPerformanc into nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity.  Waste  Waste Polic ies Standard Reduc tion and  Waste tionand and Use Employment and Adaptation Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Energy Performanc e S tandards Inc S ustainable Land Table 2. Indicators sorte d into nvironme ntal impact themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural S ystem Leakages Buildings  orporating Low Carbon Buildings and Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient re source consumption/lowe ring eenvironmental and maintaining capacity. Lowering Environmental reulfur source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Polic ies Policenvironmental ies  Nature and Biodiversity Reduc tion and PM 2.5 ) Use Infrastruc ture Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation  Waste Rec ycling Environmental Quality  S Dioxide Green Transport Green Transport Partic ulate Matter Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Waste Polic ies  Water Management Management  Nature and Biodiversity Framework Environmental Quality  Waste Produc tion and Use Household Repayments Health  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Low Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and  Green Transport Impact and Maintaining Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Table 2. Indicators sorteConsumption d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal impact themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Water  Energy-effic ient  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient re source consumption/lowe ring and maintaining carrying capacity. European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Munic ipal Waste Polic ies  Clean Vehic les  Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Reduc tion and PM 2.5 Urban )Density Nitrogen Dioxide Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture Ambient Air Quality Low Carbon Cities  Greenery and (PM 10 , Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Impact and Maintaining  Buildings S ulfurulate Dioxide Green Transport  Green Transport  Partic ulateQuality Matter Partic Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Low Carbon Lowering Environmental  Consumption Energy-effic re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining capacity. Sustainable Cities Index Waste Water Treatment  Green Urbanient Areas  Munic ipal Waste and Water Watercarrying Management Management and Water Effic ienc y andCapacity Buildings Initiatives Framework Framework Environmental Environmental Quality  Waste Produc tion and Infrastruc ture Public Participation Transport Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Carrying Low Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery  Urban Greenery  S ulfurulate Dioxide  Water S ystem Buildings SEnvironmental tandards Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Partic Matter  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Lowering Lowering Environmental Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Consumption  Energy-effic ient re source consumption/lowe ringLeakages environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Produc tion  Urban Greenery and European Green  Air Quality (NO 2 )  Munic ipal Waste Polic ies  Clean Vehic  Clean Vehic les 2 Emissions  Framework Environmental Quality PM 2.5 Ambient ) Nitrogen Dioxide Standard Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture Carrying Capacity  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  SCity ulfur Dioxide Impact and Maintaining  les CO S ulfur Dioxide Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Partic ulate Matter Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Lowering Environmental Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Land Produc tion Green Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Clean Vehic les Water Management Management  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Standard Nitrogen DioxideMitigation Education Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Impact and Maintaining Low Carbon Cities   Urban Greenery and Water Impact and Maintaining  S ulfur Dioxide Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality and Adaptation  Waste Rec ycling S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Lowering Environmental Environmental Quality Capital Award Climate Change:  Consumption  Energy-effic ient Produc tion 2 Intensity  CO  Urban Greenery and Greenery and European Green  Air Quality (NO 2 ) Clean  Clean Vehic les Ambient Water Effic ienc y Urban and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  Waste  Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Ranking/ Themes Natural Consumption Monitoring Infrastruc tureVehic Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Impact and Maintaining Use  les S ulfur Dioxide Resource Environmental Quality  Waste Rec ycling Partic ulate Matter Lowering Environmental Energy Performanc eCapacity Inc S ustainable  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Urban Greenery and Green CityThemes Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c arAdaptation Transport  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Waste Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Framework Environmental Quality Standard Nitrogen Dioxide Carrying Capacity Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Nature and Biodiversity  orporating Waste tion andLand  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic Impact and Maintaining Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,S ystem andient Rec ycling Water Leakages Buildings S tandards Lowering Environmental 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy  les CO Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation 2  Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and  Greenery and Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  UseCapacity of Reduc Non-c ar Transport Clean Vehic 2 Emissions  CO Water Effic ienc y Urban and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Standard Themes Natural Standard Nitrogen Dioxide Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity  Waste Reduc tion and Impact and Maintaining  Waste Produc tion and Use  S ulfur Dioxide Resource Environmental Quality Intensity Network Environmental Quality  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport  Low Carbon Buildings Intensity Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Treatment Use ofMaintaining Non-c ar Transport Green City Index Treatment Polic Use of Non-c ar Transport Waste Water Efficies ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 22 Emissions  CO Standard  Munic ipal Waste Polic ies Carrying Capacity Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Nature and Biodiversity Waste Reduc tion andLand  Wastewater  Energy Effic ient Impact and PM 2.5 CO ) Clean Air Polic ies  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation 2 Intensity Reduc tionTreatment S trategy CO Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption S izeof ofNon-c Non-car Transport Green Transport 2 Intensity 2  Urban Greenery and Green City IndexDioxide Polic ies  Use ar Transport  Waste  Waste 2 Emissions  tion CO Standard Polic ies Nitrogen Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity  Water Management Management  Energy Consumption of Green Transport  Waste Produc and  Waste Produc tion and Use Intensity Network  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Unemployment Rates/Jobs, 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport  Green Transport  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Low Carbon Buildings 2  CO  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Waste Produc tionofProduc  Water y Low andture Buildings Initiatives Standard European Green  2.5 Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) ,Effic ienc Munic ipal Waste Polic ies Carrying Capacity  Ozone  Nature andMatter Biodiversity  Waste tion and PM ) 2 Reduc PMBuildings 2.5 CO )Clean Water quality/Availability Intensity Network Air Polic ies Infrastruc Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Consumption tion S trategy  CO Carbon Cities Urban Greenery 2 tion S and trategy  Environmental Quality  Energy  S ize Non-car Transport  Carbon  Low Carbon Buildings  ulate 2 Reduc Intensity  Water Consumption  Energy-effic Waste  Waste Water Treatment Low  Green Urban Areas 2 Emissions  CO Standard Residential Buildings Promotion Water Management WaterPolic Management Management Management  Consumption of Green Transport Economic Growth PM 2.5 )Partic Framework Environmental Quality  Waste Produc tion and  Waste Produc tion and  Energy Intensity Network Infrastruc Energy Intensity Network  ient Clean Air Polic 2 Reduc tion ies S trategy CO  Green Transport  Mitigation Consumption S izeture of Non-car Transport Low Carbon Buildings  Waste Rec ycling  les Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Capital Award  Climate Change:  Water Energy-effic ient Green City Index Treatment ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Waste Produc tion European Green European Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2 Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Consumption  Munic ipal Waste   Water Management Management  orporating Clean Vehic Framework Environmental Quality Energy Consumption of Green Transport PM 2.5 ) PM 2.5 Ozone ) Mobility Clean Air Polic ies Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10) ,S ystem Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  Green Transport  Green Transport  S ulfur Dioxide Low Carbon Buildings Partic ulate Matter  Water Leakages 2 Intensity Buildings S tandards  CO  Energy Performanc e Inc S ustainable  Waste  Green Land Use Polic ies Waste Water Treatment Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Urban Areas Residential Promotion European Green Ambient Air Quality  Clean Vehic  Ozone Water Management WaterBuildings Management Management Management  for Energy Consumption of Capital Transport  Energy Consumption ofProduc  Green Transport Housing Treatment Waste tion and Complete Neighborhood/Compact City Infrastruc Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies Low Carbon Cities  Adaptation Urban Greenery Low Carbon Cities  les Urban Greenery and (NO 2 ) Waste Reduc tion and  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Green Transport and Energy Consumption  S ulfur Dioxide  S izeture of Non-car Transport Low Carbon Buildings and Rec ycling Water SWater ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Capital Award Climate Change: Climate Change: Mitigation Indicators Sustainability  Waste Treatment  Green Urban Areas Produc tion Residential Promotion  Urban Greenery and European Green European Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2) Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings  Ozone  Ozone Framework Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Infrastruc PM 2.5 ) Award Sanitation Infrastruc ture  Nitrogen Dioxide Clean Air Polic ies Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Mitigation Wastewater Treatment 2 Land Reduc tion S and trategy  CO Energy Effic ient Green Transport Use S ulfur Dioxide  Low Carbon Buildings  Renewable Energy Award  Climate Change: Energy Performanc e Energy Performanc eture Inc orporating SCapital ustainable Inc orporating S ustainable Land Land Use Polic ies  Waste Water Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Urban Areas Residential Promotion Urban Greenery and Residential Buildings Promotion  Clean Vehic les  Ozone Framework Environmental Quality WaterBuildings Management Management Framework Environmental Quality Mitigation Water Effic ienc y Green and Buildings Initiatives  Consumption of  Green Transport Quality Public Space Infrastruc ture Polic ies Energy Intensity  Nitrogen Dioxide Network Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity Reduc tion  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Green Transport and Adaptation and Adaptation Waste Rec ycling  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Environmental Quality Capital Award Capital  Climate Award Change: Mitigation  Climate Change: Mitigation  Green Land Use Polic ies Buildings Promotion  Clean Vehic les Ozone European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Effic ienc  Clean Vehic les andLand  Framework Environmental Quality  y Green and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Infrastruc Health Nitrogen Clean Air Polic Residential ies Consumption Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and WaterPolic  Transport Use Use  Energy and Environmental Energy Performanc e and Water Energy Performanc eture Inc orporating SGreen ustainable Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Use Polic ies Green Land Use Polic ies Dioxide Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Urban Greenery andLand Residential Buildings Promotion  Clean lesAdaptation  Consumption Energy-effic ient City Index Treatment  Use of Reduc Non-c ar Transport Framework Environmental Quality Efficies ienc y Renewable andtureVehic Buildings Initiatives 2 Land Emissions  Energy Consumption ofipal  CO Green Transport Education Infrastruc  Munic Waste Polic ies Low Carbon Cities   Urban Greenery Nature and Biodiversity Nature and Biodiversity Waste tion and ies Use  Renewable Energy Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Adaptation and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Green Land Use Polic  Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and Partic ulate Matter 2 Intensity  CO  Clean Vehic les Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Ozone  Use of Non-c ar Transport Framework Environmental Quality 2 Emissions Infrastruc ture S ustainable Clean and Effic ient Consumption  Nature and Biodiversity Waste tion and Use Use  Renewable Energy  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,S ystem  Renewable Energy Environmental Quality  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating Energy Consumption S izeSof of Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Urban Greenery and Leakages 2 Land Intensity Buildings tandards  CO Residential Buildings Promotion  Clean Vehic lestion  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use Non-c ar Transport Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Produc  Munic ipal Waste Munic ipal Waste Polic ies Consumption  Nature and Biodiversity  Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Produc and PM 2.5 )  Renewable Energy Environmental Quality and Adaptation Environmental Quality Reduc tion S trategy  Energy Consumption  S ulfur Dioxide  S ize ofand Non-car Transport  Urban Greenery Partic ulate Matter 22 Intensity CO  Clean Vehic les Energy Policies  Clean Effic ient  Munic ipal Waste Consumption Consumption  Water Management Management PM 2.5 CO ) and Use Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,S ystem  Intensity Network  Renewable Energy Environmental Quality Wastewater Treatment 2 Reduc tion S trategy   Energy Effic ient Energy Consumption S izeSof Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Urban Greenery and  Waste Rec ycling  Water Leakages Buildings tandards Consumption Energy-effic ient Produc tion Produc tion  Clean and Effic ient European Green Ambient AirBiodiversity Quality (NO 2 ) ,Management  Munic ipal Waste Munic ipal Waste Water Management Consumption  Nature and  Waste Produc tion and (PM 10 Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Energy Intensity  Nitrogen Dioxide Network Clean Air Polic ies Environmental Quality 2 Reduc tion S trategy CO S ulfurulate Dioxide  Urban and Greenery and  Quality (level of Energy  Partic Matter Energy Policies Produc tion  Waste Water Treatment European Green  Green Urban Areas Clean Effic ient  Ambient Quality 2  Clean Effic ient Consumption Waste Produc tion and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Air  Water Effic ienc y Green and Buildings Initiatives Consumption ofand Green Transport  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10) ,S Intensity Network Clean AirAir Polic ies (NO  Renewable Energy Environmental Quality Reduc tion and Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Waste Rec ycling Waste Rec ycling  Water ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Energy Policies Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas Produc tion Produc tion  Clean and Effic ient  Munic Wasteulate Water Management Ozone PM 2.5 Ambient ) Award Air Quality  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Clean 2 Emissions  Energy Consumption ofipal  CO Green Transport  (PM 10 ,Management Nitrogen Dioxide Air Polic ies Environmental Quality partic matter)  S ulfur Dioxide Air Quality (level of (NO  Waste ycling Energy Policies Capital  Climate Change: Energy Policies  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SGreen ustainable Land European Green Ambient Air 2Polic )Buildings Residential Promotion  Clean Effic ient Water Management Management  Mitigation Management Management Index Treatment ies  Ozone  Use of Rec Non-c ar Transport Consumption  Waste tion and PM 2.5 )City Water ienc y Green and Buildings Initiatives Energy Consumption ofand Green Transport Ambient Air Quality Quality (PM 10 ,Effic Polic ies  Waste Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion and  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Air Quality (level of (NO 2 ) and Adaptation Rec ycling Rec ycling Energy Performanc e Produc Inc orporating S ustainable Land Energy Policies  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas European Green  2.5 Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Produc tion European Green Ambient Air Quality Intensity Residential Promotion Water Management Ozone PM )Air  Waste Produc tion and 22 Emissions  CO  Ambient Air(level Quality (PM 10 ,Management Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Nitrogen Dioxide  Waste Reduc tion and ies partic ulate matter) Use  Quality of and Adaptation Air Quality (level of Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Policies  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Land Polic European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Residential Buildings Promotion  Clean and Effic ient Water Management Management  Consumption Energy-effic ient Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use Initiatives of Non-cUse ar Transport  Waste Produc tion and  Mitigation Water Performanc Green Building PM 2.5 )  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Polic ies Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion and Use partic ulate matter) Air Quality (level of Capital Award  Climate Change:  Waste Rec ycling Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy e 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Inc orporating S ustainable Land Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Land Polic ies European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Management  2.5ulate ulate Matter Intensity Index  Adaptation Ec ological Footprint  Water Management PM )Partic 22 Emissions  Use CO Sustainable Cities Climate Change Polic ies  Nature and Biodiversity partic matter) partic ulate matter) and Intensity Network Air Quality (level of  Renewable Energy Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Energy Policies  Waste Consumption Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Management Management  Water  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Energy-effic ient Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Green Building  Climate Change Munic ipalSustainable Waste Polic ies Polic ies  Waste tion and Cities Use partic ulate matter) and Adaptation and Adaptation  Clean Air Polic Renewable Energy Capital Award Climate Change: Energy Performanc e Reduc Reduc tion ies S trategy Inc S ustainable  Mitigation Waste Treatment  Green Urban Areas  S ulfurCities Dioxide European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Water  Biodiversity Partic ulate Matter Partic ulate Matter 22 Land Intensity  CO Index Ec Footprint  Consumption Energy-effic ient  Green Building Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  orporating Munic ipal Waste Sustainable Climate Change  Nature and Biodiversity Consumption Use Use Energy Consumption of Green Transport partic ulate matter) and Adaptation  Mitigation Intensity Network Airological Quality (level of Water  Renewable Energy  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SSustainable ustainable Land Capital Award  Climate Change: Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Waste Consumption Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Buildings S tandards Index  Ec ological Footprint  Water  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Energy-effic ient  Green Building  Green Building Produc tion Cities Climate Change  Nature and Biodiversity Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity  Ozone Consumption Use and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide Clean Air Polic Capital Climate Change: Food Produc tion  Mitigation Energy Performanc e 2 Land Reduc tion ies S trategy  CO Inc orporating S ustainable  S ulfur Dioxide S ulfur Dioxide  Biodiversity  WaterBuildings S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Partic ulate Matter Partic ulate Matter Index Award Ec ological Footprint Index Ec ological Footprint Produc tionofipal  Green Building  Munic Waste Residential Promotion Sustainable Cities Climate Change Clean and Effic ient  Nature and Biodiversity Consumption Use Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Energy Consumption  Green Transport partic ulate matter) and Adaptation  Intensity Network  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SIndex ustainable Land Wastewater Treatment  Wastewater  Energy Effic ient  Energy Effic ient S ulfur Dioxide  Biodiversity Waste Rec ycling S ystem Leakages Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Buildings S tandards Ec ological Footprint  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient   Green Building Treatment Munic ipal Waste  Munic ipal Waste Clean and Effic ient Nature and Biodiversity  Ozone Use 2 Emissions  CO and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Clean Air Polic ies  Food Produc tion  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient S ulfur Dioxide S ulfur Dioxide  Biodiversity  Waste Rec ycling Biodiversity Partic ulate Matter Index  Ec ological Footprint Energy Policies Produc tion Green Land Use Polic ies  Munic ipal Waste Residential Buildings Promotion Sustainable Cities Climate Change  Clean and Effic ient  Nature and Biodiversity Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Use  Water Effic ienc y and Water Effic ienc y Waste and Buildings Initiatives Buildings Initiatives  Energy Consumption ofBuilding Green Transport  Nitrogen Dioxide Food Produc tion Reduc tion and Wastewater Treatment  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Effic ient  Biodiversity  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Energy Policies Produc tion Produc tion  Water  Green  Munic ipal Waste 2 Emissions Intensity Nature and Biodiversity  Ozone  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 2 Emissions  CO  CO Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Food Produc tion Reduc tion and Food Produc tion  S ulfur Dioxide  Waste Rec ycling  Air Quality (level of  Renewable Energy  Biodiversity Index City Index Ec ological Footprint Energy Policies  Energy Consumption Produc tion S ize of Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Munic ipal Waste Residential Buildings Promotion Green City Index Green Treatment Polic ies Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Use of Non-c ar Transport 2 Emissions  CO  Water Effic ienc y and  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Buildings Initiatives Polic ies Food Produc tion Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ientCO Waste ycling  Waste ycling  Air (level of Reduc tion S trategy Produc tion Rec  Munic ipal Waste Intensity  CO 222 Intensity  Green City22Quality Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Rec Non-c ar Transport Emissions Emissions Polic ies  Nitrogen Dioxide Reduc tion and Consumption Food Produc tion partic ulate matter)(level of Intensity  Waste ycling Network  Air  Renewable  Biodiversity  Energy Consumption  Energy Consumption Produc tion  S izeInitiatives ofRec Non-car Transport S ize ofRec Non-car Transport Green LandEnergy Use Polic 2Quality Intensity  CO Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Green City Index Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Effic ienc y and Buildings Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion and ies partic ulate matter)  Waste ycling  Clean Air Polic ies 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy Reduc tion S trategy CO Produc tion  Energy Consumption  S ize ofand Non-car Transport Partic ulate Matter 2  CO 22 Intensity Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient 2 Emissions CO Polic ies Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  Clean Effic ient  Waste Reduc tion and Consumption  Food Produc tion  Energy Consumption of   Green Transport partic ulate matter) Intensity Intensity Rec ycling Network Network  Renewable Energy 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Energy Consumption  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport  S ize of Non-car Transport  Partic ulate Matter  WaterPolic S ystem Buildings S tandards Green City Index Treatment ies Leakages  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Water Intensity  Green Building Polic ies Polic ies Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Reduc tion and  Ozone  Waste Rec ycling Energy Network Clean Air Polic ies Clean Air Polic ies 2 tion S trategy 2 Reduc tion S trategy CO  CO  S ulfur Dioxide S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 Reduc Intensity Water Energy-effic Index Ec ological Footprint Energy Policies  Green Building Residential Buildings 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more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Consumer Goodswellbeing-oriented. and Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 with 15 of 10 25 laid out, we continue Step 3 of of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from clearly the Entertainment reation Rec reation DCLG, UK (same asrec title theme) (same as title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same as title of theme) S PLCIn Diversity and work now and inisthe inviting and enjoyable, where ense ofthree Wellbeing and and work now and inlast future inhabitants would want tofuture live more Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. 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With themes clearly Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation possibilities more socio-economic, and the last inhabitant With themes clearly DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) laid out, we with Step 312 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from thee 10 laid we continue with Step 312 offour the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 (Figure DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) PLCout, UK inhabitants would want to livethe second Work-Life Balanc e and and work now and the in the futurethree S inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. inviting and enjoyable, where ense of Wellbeing and Toleranc eUK 10 inviting An environment that is both enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing and Toleranc eUK PLC Cultural possibilities In the themes above, are considered moreand environmental, the second ervices PLC Cultural possibilities In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, possibilities ODPM, Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Consumer Goods and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Entertainment reation Rec reation DCLG, (same as title of theme) laid out, we continue with Step 312 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 DCLG, UK (same asrec title of theme) laid out, we10continue with Step 3 first ofrankings/standards the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)and and follow the specified theme major global urban sustainability 5)sustainability and follow the specified theme coverage in (Figure Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same asshow title of theme) and work now and in the PLCconsidered inhabitants would want tofuture livethe Work-Life Balanc e and and work now and inisthe future inviting enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e An environment that is12 both ODPM, UK 10 Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Toleranc e An environment that both Insocio-economic, the themes above, the first three are more environmental, the second three Consumer Goods and PLC Cultural possibilities In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, second S ervices possibilities more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme coverage in Table 1Tables toand re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how hundreds coverage in2016, Table 1 toand re-arrange all indicators into themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds and work now andshow in thetofuture of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. and work now and the in the future inhabitants would want live these Work-Life Balanc e and work now and inisthe future Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25 inviting enjoyable, where Sare ense of10 Wellbeing and Toleranc eUK inviting enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing and PLC Cultural possibilities ervices An environment that both Insocio-economic, the 10 themes above, first three considered more environmental, the second ODPM, Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Consumer Goods and more and the more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly DCLG, UK (same asshow title of theme) laid out, we continue with Steplast 3all offour the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds work now and the in thefirst future indicators are sorted into themes for easy and reference. ofODPM, indicators are into themes and comprehensive reference. inhabitants would want to for liveeasy of Work-Life Balanc ethemes Susta inasocio-economic, bility 8,sorted 492 15 of 25 10 and inhabitants would want to livethree Work-Life ethemes In above, three are considered more environmental, the second three An environment that is12 inviting and enjoyable, where ensecomprehensive of the Wellbeing and UK2016, Requirements #10, 11,last Cultural and Toleranc e Balanc PLC Cultural possibilities In Diversity the 10continue above, the first are considered more environmental, the second three S ervices more and the four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly laid out, we continue with Step 3both of the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the 10 DCLG, UK (same asshow titleindicators ofthe theme) laid out, we with of theeasy integrative methodology: collate all from the 10 (sameStep as all title3all of theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme major urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow specified theme coverage in2.10 Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds and work now and in the future and work now and inisthe future of indicators are sorted into themes for and comprehensive reference. ofPLC indicators are into themes for three easy more and comprehensive reference. inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofglobal Wellbeing and Toleranc eUK Susta ina bility 2016, 8,sorted 492 15 ofBalanc 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation inhabitants would want to live Work-Life ewellbeing-oriented. Table Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Cultural possibilities In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, thethemes second three An environment that both In the 10 themes above, the first are considered more environmental, the second three ODPM, Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With Sustainability 2016, 8, 492 19 of 28clearly socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly DCLG, UK (same asshow titleindicators ofthe theme) PLCout, laid weTable continue with Step 3all ofrankings/standards the integrative collate all from the 10 (same asshow title ofthe theme) major global urban (Figure 5)sustainability and follow specified theme major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow specified theme coverage 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators into 10methodology: themes. 2–4 how these hundreds coverage in 1Tables to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds possibilities inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e sorted and work now and in the future of indicators are into for easy and comprehensive reference. An environment isreation both inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Susta ina bilityin2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and reclast Rec reation Toleranc e we Table 2.Table Indicators sorte dthemes into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: econtinue nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, thethemes second three Table 2. Indicators sorte dthat into e nvironme ntal themes: econtinue nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural PLC Cultural possibilities resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With clearly more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly laid out, with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 PLC major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme coverage in2016, Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds and work now and in the future coverage in Table 1Tables to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Consumer Goods and ofODPM, indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense ofsource Wellbeing and possibilities of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation An environment that is both Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural In the 10 themes above, the first three considered more environmental, the second three Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three re consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly UK Requirement #5 Step 3 of the integrative DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 laid out, we continue with methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme PLC major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ethemes and work now and in the future Consumer Goods and ofODPM, indicators are into themes for and comprehensive reference. possibilities of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense of of Wellbeing and Susta ina bility 8,sorted 492 15 25 Entertainment rec reation Rec reation Table 2.10Indicators sorte dthemes efirst nvironme ntal themes: econtinue nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental In the above, the three considered more environmental, the secondclearly three resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. more and the last foureasy more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes UK2016, Requirement #5and (same asinto title of theme) laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Table 3. Cont. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme PLC Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds and work now and in the future coverage in2.Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds UK2016, Requirements #10, 11, 12e Cultural Diversity and S ervices Consumer Goods and inhabitants would to live Work-Life e ofODPM, indicators are into for three easy more and comprehensive reference. possibilities Impact and Maintaining Inbility the themes above, the first are considered more environmental, the second three Table 2.10 Indicators sorte dthemes into ntal themes: econtinue nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Susta ina 8,sorted 492 15 ofBalanc 25 Entertainment rec reation Rec reation Table Indicators sorte daswant into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same title of theme) laid we continue with Step 312 ofnvironme the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 laid out, we with Step 3all of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme PLCout,Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Environmental Quality coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Toleranc e coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds PLC Cultural possibilities coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and and work now and in the future S ervices Consumer Goods and of indicators are sortedntal into for easy and comprehensive reference. Carrying Capacity possibilities Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Table 2. Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: econtinue nvironme quality Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment rec reation Rec reation In the themes above, the three areimpact considered more environmental, the second three Table 2.10 Indicators sorte dthemes efirst nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining carrying capacity. (same asinto title of theme) ODPM, UK2016, Requirement #5and Standard laid out, with Step 3monitoring/natural of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the Consumption Monitoring Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5)sustainability and follow the specified theme PLC major global urban rankings/standards 5) and follow the specified theme Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality coverage in (Figure Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 1010 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these Toleranc e we An environment that is12 both PLC Cultural possibilities of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive UK2016, Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and S ervices ofODPM, indicators are sorted into themes for three easyRanking/ and comprehensive Themes Consumer Goods and of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Development Considering Human and hundreds Carrying Capacity In the 10continue themes above, the first are considered more environmental, the second three possibilities Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 reference. 15 of 25 Strategyreference. Impact and Maintaining Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Adequate Infrastructure  Waste ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) Standard A Sound Socio-economic Environment Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring PLC inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Toleranc e An environment that is both coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds PLC Cultural possibilities of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Ranking/Standard ODPM, UK2016, Requirements #10, 11,last 12 four more Cultural Diversity and S ervices Natural Environment Consumer Goods and Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Carrying Capacity possibilities Carrying Capacity DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Impact and Maintaining Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Susta ina bility 8, 492 15 of 25 Lowering Environmental Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation more socio-economic, and the inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Lowering Environmental re source ring to environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Low Carbon Buildings  indicators Waste ODPM, UK consumption/lowe Requirement #5 that (same as title of theme) laid out, continue with Step of thespecified integrative methodology: collate all from the 10  3all Waste Standard Standard major global urban sustainability rankings/standards 5) and follow the theme Consumption Monitoring inhabitants would want liveeasyRanking/ Work-Life Balanc e and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality PLC inviting and enjoyable, where S ervices ense of Diversity Wellbeing and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Toleranc e we An environment both coverage in2.(Figure Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds PLC Cultural possibilities ofODPM, indicators are into for and comprehensive reference. UK2016, Requirements #10, 11,isreation 12 Cultural of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. S Consumer Goods and Table 2.eQuality Indicators sorte d show into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining possibilities re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity. Table 2. continue Indicators sorte dthemes into eof nvironme ntal themes: e Indicators nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural DCLG, UK (same asinto title of theme) Impact and Maintaining Table sorte dthemes eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: nvironme ntal quality Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Susta ina bility 8,sorted 492 15 of 10 25 Lowering Environmental Entertainment and rec Rec reation resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Green Transport  monitoring/natural Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we with Step 3all the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the Low Carbon Buildings Waste ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme)  Waste and work now and in the future Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme PLC inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality PLC Public Transport inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Toleranc e Goods An environment that is12 both PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK consumption/lowe Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and of indicators are sorted (same into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. S ervices Carrying Capacity Consumer and Table 2. Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural possibilities Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining possibilities re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity. DCLG, UK as title of theme) Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc ture Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation re source ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Green Transport Green Transport Low Carbon Buildings (same as title of theme)  Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Waste Standard UK Requirement #5and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and followallthe specified theme andsorted work now in the Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring Framework Environmental QualityTables PLC inhabitants would want tofuture liveeasyRanking/ Work-Life e and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality PLC Public Transport Network Cover inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and Living Space Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery coverage in to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery Toleranc e Balanc An environment that both ofODPM, indicators are into for and comprehensive reference. PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11,isreation 12 Cultural S ervices Consumer and and Carrying Capacity Table 2. Indicators sorte dthemes into e nvironme ntal themes: e Indicators nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Consumer Goods and1and  Clean Vehic les possibilities Lowering Environmental Carrying Capacity Table 2.Table sorte dasinto e nvironme ntal themes: nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Impact and Maintaining possibilities re ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. DCLG, UK (same title of theme) Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15source ofGoods 25 e consumption/lowe Infrastruc ture Lowering Environmental Infrastruc ture Entertainment and rec Rec reation  Green Transport Green Transport Low Carbon Buildings  Waste ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme)  Waste Standard ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality and work now and in the future Standard Ranking/ major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Consumption Monitoring Framework Quality coverage in Table 1 toand re-arrange all indicators into themes. Tables 2–4 showinhow these hundreds inhabitants would want to live Work-Life eof Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Framework Environmental Quality PLC Mortality: All inviting enjoyable, where S ense of10 Wellbeing and Percentage Population Living In the 10 themes above, the first threeLow considered more the second three Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and environmental, Toleranc e Balanc An environment that is12 both PLC Cultural possibilities of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Impact and Maintaining S ervices Sare ervices  Urban Greenery and Consumer Goods andCauses Carrying Capacity Consumer Goods and  Clean Vehic les Lowering Environmental Impact and Maintaining  Clean Vehic les Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural possibilities re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Infrastruc ture Lowering Environmental Infrastruc ture  Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings Low Carbon Buildings Quality Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring ODPM, UK Requirement #5 as titleall title theme)  ofhow Waste Standard ODPM, UK 10are Requirement #5and (same ofWaste theme) Themes Natural Resource Environmental and work now inlast the future Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Framework Substandard Accommodation inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Framework Quality Cause ofQuality Death coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4asshow these hundreds inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and (same of indicators sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc e An environment that is both more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly PLC Cultural possibilities Environmental Quality ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Carrying Capacity ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural and Impact and Maintaining S ervices Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural S ervices  Urban Greenery and Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining  Urban Greenery and Consumer Goods and  Clean Vehic les Lowering Environmental Impact and Maintaining  Clean Vehic les DCLG, UK2016,Entertainment (same as title theme) Susta ina bility 8, Consumption 492 15 of 25 rec reation Rec reation re source consumption/lowe environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Infrastruc ture  of Green Transport Green Transport Low Carbon Buildings Standard (same as title of theme)  Low Carbon Buildings Quality (same as ring title of theme) Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Waste Standard Ranking/ Monitoring ODPM, UK Requirement #5and Themes Natural Resource Environmental and work now and inlast future Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring PLC Framework Environmental Quality Estimated Number of Homeless People inhabitants would want to Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. Low Weight Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and possibilities inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and In the 10continue themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery Toleranc e Birth of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc emethodology: An environment that isthe both  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10quality , PLC Cultural more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly PLC Cultural possibilities Environmental Quality ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity andand Carrying Capacity Environmental Quality ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural and Impact and Carrying Capacity laid out, we with Step 312 oflive the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 S ervices  Urban Greenery and Carrying Capacity Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural  Urban Greenery and possibilities re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Clean Vehic les Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental Infrastruc ture DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Infrastruc ture Green Transport  tion and  WasteMaintaining Green Transport  ofLow Carbon Buildings Quality Standard (same as title theme)Produc (same as title theme) Ranking/ Monitoring  ofWaste Waste Standard Standard Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality and work now and inlast future Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Framework PLC Framework Unemployment Rate inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. ofQuality aConsumption City Health Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and Insocio-economic, the themes above, the three are considered more environmental, the second three Low Carbon Cities Greenery and (PM PM 2.5 Urban )Existence Toleranc e 10 An environment that is indicators both Toleranc emethodology:  Ambient Air 10 , An environment isthe both PLC Cultural possibilities more and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10quality , follow PLC Cultural possibilities Environmental Quality Table 2.10 Indicators sorte dthat into efirst ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Carrying Capacity Environmental Quality ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural and Impact and Maintaining laid out, we continue with Step 312 ofnvironme the integrative collate all from the Consumer Goods and Impact and Maintaining  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les possibilities  Clean Vehic les re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and the specified theme Lowering Environmental Infrastruc ture DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Low Infrastruc ture  Water Management Management  Green Transport  Waste Produc tion and  WasteCarbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings  Waste Produc tion and Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Waste ODPM, UK Requirement #5andwant (same as title of than theme) Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring and work now inlast the future Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Framework Environmental Quality PLC Education Program Framework Quality Percentage of People Earning Less European  Ambient Air Quality 2 inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. inviting enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing and (NO Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery andand inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense ofGreen Wellbeing and In the 10 themes above, the first three considered more environmental, the second PM 2.5themes: ) An environment that is both PM 2.5 ) Toleranc e  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10)quality , An environment that is both more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , PLC Cultural possibilities Environmental Quality Carrying Capacity S ervices Carrying Capacity Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural  Urban Greenery and re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Consumer Goods and Lowering Environmental Impact and Maintaining  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les possibilities  Clean Vehic les Tables Water Treatment Urban Areas  Green Transport DCLG, UKthemes. (same as title theme) major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)Waste and follow the specified theme Infrastruc ture DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Susta ina bility 8, Natural 492 15 of 25 Entertainment rec reation Rec reation Low Buildings Water Management Management Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings work Water Management Management coverage in2016, Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange allfuture indicators into 10 2–4 how these hundreds  Waste Produc tion and Greenery  WasteCarbon  ofGreen Low Carbon  Waste Produc tion and Standard Standard ODPM, UK Requirement #5and (same asshow title of theme) Themes Resource Environmental Quality Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Derelict Industrial Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation and now and inlast Low Carbon Cities  Buildings Urban and Sites the Mean per Capita Income Framework Environmental Quality PLCInsocio-economic, Percentage Children Fully Immunized inhabitants would want toWith live Work-Life Balanc eof European Green Air Quality (NO 2 ), inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing and Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2) inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofsource Wellbeing and the 10continue themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, second PM 2.5 Ambient )Ambient PM 2.5 )re  Airmaintaining Quality (PM 10 An environment that isthe both Environmental Quality more and the four more inhabitant themes clearly ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Impact and Maintaining Environmental S ervices Carrying Capacity  Urban Greenery and laid out, we with Step 312 ofrankings/standards the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Consumer Goods and Infrastruc ture Urban Greenery and consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and carrying capacity.  Clean Vehic les Energy Performanc ethe Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land possibilities Lowering Environmental Tables Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Green Transport DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Infrastruc ture major global urban sustainability (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation  Low Carbon Buildings  Transport Water Management Management Green Transport Water Management Management coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds  Waste Produc tion and Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Standard ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) Framework Environmental Quality and Adaptation Pedestrian Streets Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality and work now and in the future Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation and work now and in the future Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Framework Quality Percentage of Child Care Places for Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation PLC ofeQuality Inhabitants would want toWith liveCapacity Work-Life Balanc Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and (NO European Air 2per ) , Practicing inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and (NO European Green Ambient Airinhabitants Quality 2 ), inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofGreen Wellbeing and Insocio-economic, the 10continue themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Healthy Cities Indicators Toleranc emethodology: PM 2.5 Ambient )Number  (PM 10 PLC Cultural possibilities Carrying  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Environmental Quality more and the last four more inhabitant themes clearly  Clean les ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Use Impact and Maintaining S ervices  Urban Greenery and laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 Consumer Goods and Infrastruc tureVehic  Clean Vehic les Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land possibilities Infrastruc ture Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Transport Infrastruc ture major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas DCLG, UK (same as title of theme)  Low Carbon Buildings Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation  Low Carbon Buildings Water Management Management Waste Produc tion and coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Standard  Waste Produc tion and (same as title of theme) Themes  Nature and Biodiversity Natural Resource Environmental Quality Consumption Monitoring ofODPM, indicators sorted into themes for easyRanking/ and comprehensive reference. UK 10are Requirement #5and Framework Environmental Quality Pre-school Children and Adaptation Cycling in City and and work now and inImpact the future Framework Environmental Quality and Adaptation Health Care Practitioner Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation and workpossibilities now inlast future Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery Framework Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation PLC European Green Air Quality (NO 2 inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. PM 2.5 )considered In the themes above, the first are more environmental, three Toleranc emethodology: An environment that isthe both PM 2.5 Ambient )Primary  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Maintaining  Urban Greenery PLC Cultural  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10) , Environmental Quality more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly  Clean les and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Carrying Capacity Use S ervices  Urban Greenery  Clean Vehic les Use Lowering Environmental laid out, we continue with Step 312 ofrankings/standards the integrative collate all indicators from the 10and Consumer Goods and Infrastruc tureVehic  Clean Vehic les  Energy Performanc ethe Inc S ustainable Land possibilities  Energy Performanc e three Inc orporating Ssecond ustainable Land Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Green Transport major global urban (Figure 5) and follow specified theme Transport Water Management Management Treatment  orporating Low Carbon Buildings  Water Management Management  Waste Produc tion and Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds  Waste Produc tionand and Munic ipal Waste Standard (same asshow title ofthe theme)  Nature Biodiversity ofODPM, indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Nature and Biodiversity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality UK Requirement #5and Framework Environmental Quality Percentage of All Live Births to Mothers and Adaptation and Adaptation Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Number of Inhabitants Per Nurse Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation and work now in the future Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Environmental Quality In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three PM 2.5 ) In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Carrying Capacity Toleranc e An environment that is both PM 2.5 )  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Urban Greenery PLC Cultural possibilities Environmental Quality Impact and Maintaining more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly  Clean Vehic les and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and  Urban Greenery and Use S ervices  Urban Greenery and Use Infrastruc ture laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Consumer Goods and Infrastruc ture Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas DCLG, UK (same as title of theme)  Low Carbon Buildings  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Transport Water Management Management Standard Water Management Management  monitoring/natural Waste Produc tion and and Produc tion ipal Waste coverage in2.Table 1 toand re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Waste Consumption  Munic Munic ipalMonitoring Waste  Nature Biodiversity ofODPM, indicators are sorted into for easyRanking/ and comprehensive reference. Nature and Biodiversity >20; 20–34; 35+ Framework Environmental UK Requirement #5 dthemes (same asshow title of theme) Framework Environmental Quality and Adaptation Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation Table Indicators sorte into efirst nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal Percentage ofmore Population by Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. reAward source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining capacity. Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2carrying )quality  les Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , inviting enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) , Covered Environmental Quality and the 10 themes above, the first three are considered environmental, the second three PM 2.5 )In In the 10continue themes above, the considered more environmental, the second three Toleranc emethodology: An environment that isTreatment both  (PM 10 Environmental Quality Carrying Capacity  Urban Produc Greenery PLC Cultural possibilities Environmental Quality more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly  Clean Vehic les more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and  Clean Vehic Use Sare ervices Energy Performanc e three Inc orporating S ustainable Land laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 Transport Infrastruc ture Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water  Green Urban Areas  Waste tion and DCLG, UK (same as title of theme)  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Rec ycling  Waste major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Low Carbon Buildings Water Management Management Waste Produc tion and Standard Produc tion coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Produc tion  Munic ipal Waste (same as Total title of theme)ipal  monitoring/natural Munic Waste  Nature and Biodiversity of indicators are sorted into for easyFramework and comprehensive reference. Abortion Rate in Relation to and Adaptation Insurance and work now and in future Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Environmental Quality and Adaptation Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation Table 2.10Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation PM 2.5 Ambient )clearly inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. reAward source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )quality inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Environmental Quality PM 2.5 )Health  (PM 10 , the In the themes above, the are considered more environmental, the three Toleranc emethodology: An environment that isthe both  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Urban Greenery and PLC Cultural possibilities more socio-economic, and last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes  Urban Greenery and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Use ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and Infrastruc  Clean Vehic les Use laid out, we continue with Step 3indicators of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Energy Performanc e three Inc orporating Ssecond ustainable Land laid out, we continue with Step 312 ofrankings/standards the integrative collate all from the 10and  Low Carbon Buildings  Waste Reduc tion and  Water Management Management Tables Energy Performanc eture Inc orporating S ustainable Land Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Waste Produc tion and Green Transport DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Rec ycling major global urban sustainability (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Water Management Management Waste Produc tion and Rec ycling   Waste Produc tion and Produc tion coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds Produc tion Munic ipal Waste  Nature and Biodiversity Number of Live Births (same as title of theme) Framework Environmental Quality  Nature Biodiversity of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. and Adaptation of Primary Care European Green  2.5 Ambient Air 2 ), andenvironment work now and in future and Adaptation Capital  Climate Change: Low Carbon Cities Table 2. Indicators sorte dthat into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural Urban Greenery and Lowering Environmental PM ) and European  les Ambient Air Quality 2Health ) Water inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. reAward source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity.  Ambient Air Quality Quality (NO (PM 10 inviting and enjoyable, where S ense Wellbeing andMitigation PM 2.5 ) ofGreen Environmental Quality PM 2.5 )Availability Environmental Quality Toleranc emethodology: An isthe both Treatment Clean Vehic PLCout, Cultural possibilities  Urban Greenery more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Use  5)(NO Waste Treatment  Green Urban Areas Use  Green Transport Polic ies laid out, we continue with Step of thespecified integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality 1 tosustainability Energy Performanc e integrative Inc orporating SCapital ustainable laid we continue with Step 3all ofrankings/standards the collate all from the 10and Reduc tion and 10Change: Mitigation Water Management Management  Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Reduc tion andLand  Low Carbon Buildings  Waste Produc tion and UK (same asshow title of theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure and follow the specified theme Water Management Management Waste Rec ycling major global urban (Figure 5) and follow the theme Water Management Management  3indicators Waste Rec ycling Produc tion Munic ipal Waste coverage in Table re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds  Munic ipal Waste  Nature and Biodiversity Percentage ofand Disabled Award  Climate Nature Services inBiodiversity Foreign Languages Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and ofDCLG, indicators are sorted into for easyFramework and comprehensive reference. Environmental Quality Impact and Maintaining and Adaptation European Green Air Quality (NO 2 ) Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation and work now and in the future Table 2.10 Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural European Green Ambient Air (NO 2carrying )quality Lowering Environmental PM 2.5 Ambient ) European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ), inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc eQuality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining capacity.  (PM 10 , inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing In the themes above, the three are considered more environmental, the second three  (PM 10  Urban Greenery and Environmental Quality An environment that is both  Water Consumption Infrastruc ture  Energy-effic ient  Clean Vehic les Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Use  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Land Polic ies Energy Performanc e specified Inc orporating S ustainable Land 1 tosustainability Waste Water Treatment Themes  Green Urban Areas Natural Resource Environmental Quality Polic ies  Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Reduc tion and Water Management Management  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Reduc tion and Waste Produc tion and DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Waste Produc tion and Rec ycling major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the theme Produc tion coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Persons Employed Produc tion  Munic ipal Waste coverage in Table re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Framework Environmental Quality  Partic ulate Matter and Adaptation  Munic ipal Waste Nature and Biodiversity Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Carrying Capacity Number of Quality Health Related Questions of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. and Adaptation Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation Impact and Maintaining Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation and work now and in the future Table 2.10Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental PM 2.5 )considered inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. reAward source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Environmental Quality PM 2.5 )Ambient inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense of Wellbeing and In the themes above, the more environmental, three  les Air (PM 10 ,Water  orporating Clean Vehic Useorporating S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Urban Greenery and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Standard  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Energy eture Inc S ustainable Use Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Infrastruc Tables Waste Treatment  Green Urban Areas Land Energy Performanc e three Inc Ssecond ustainable Land Polic ies 1Tables Energy Performanc ethe Inc orporating S ustainable Land Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Polic ies  Waste Reduc tion and 1 tosustainability Water Management Management Water Management Management  all Waste Rec ycling DCLG, UK (same asshow title of theme) Produc tion and Rec ycling major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Nature and Biodiversity Produc tion  S ulfur Dioxide coverage in Table to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. 2–4Performanc show how hundreds Produc tion  Munic ipal Waste coverage in2.10 Table re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. how these hundreds Partic ulate Matter and Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity Examined by the City Council Every Yearthese  Partic ulate Matter Framework Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. and Adaptation Carrying Capacity of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. and Adaptation Impact and Maintaining European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 22–4 ) and work now and in the future European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2) Table Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  (PM 10 , inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. PM 2.5 )  Wastewater Treatment  Urban Greenery and  Energy Effic ient Environmental Quality In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Use  Waste  Clean Vehic les S ystem Leakages Buildings more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Standard Use SWater ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient  Energy Performanc e S tandards Inc orporating S ustainable Land Use Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Waste Treatment  Green Urban Areas laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Polic ies Reduc tion and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Waste Produc tion and Reduc tion and  Water Management Management  Rec ycling  Nitrogen Dioxide  Munic ipal Waste  Waste Rec ycling  Nature and Biodiversity Produc tion S ulfurulate Dioxide Munic ipaland Waste Nature and Biodiversity  S ulfur Dioxide coverage in2.10 Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Partic Matter Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity ulate Matter Capital Climate Change: of indicators sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Carrying Capacity Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation of indicators are sorted intoand for easy and comprehensive reference. Impact and Maintaining and now in the future PM 2.5 )Partic European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO Table Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst ntal themes: e are nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Water Effic ienc yWith and Environmental Quality Buildings Initiatives Lowering reAward source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  (PM 210) , Low Carbon Buildings  Mitigation Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient In the themes above, the are considered more environmental, three workEnergy Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Urban Greenery and Use  Waste S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. themes clearly Standard Water S ystem Buildings SEnvironmental tandards  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Performanc e three Inc orporating Ssecond ustainable Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Energy Performanc ethe Inc orporating S ustainable Land Polic ies laid out, we continue with Step 3Leakages ofnvironme the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Management Management Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Polic ies  Reduc tion and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Reduc tion and 2 Land Emissions  CO  Waste Produc tion and Produc tion major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Waste Rec ycling Nitrogen Dioxide  Munic ipal Waste Nitrogen Dioxide  Nature and Biodiversity Produc tion  Munic ipal Waste  S ulfur Dioxide  Munic ipal Waste  S ulfur Dioxide ulate MatterMitigation and Adaptation and Adaptation Carrying Capacity European Green Ambient Quality (NO 2Polic )quality Capital Award  Climate Change: of indicators are sorted intoConsumption for easy and comprehensive reference. Impact and Maintaining Green City Index  (PM 10 ,S Treatment ies  Use oftandards Non-c ar Transport Table 2.Air sorte dystem into eyWith nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Water Effic ienc and Table 2.10Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst ntal themes: e Indicators nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Buildings Initiatives Lowering Environmental PM 2.5 )Partic Green Transport  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Environmental resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Low Carbon Buildings Wastewater Treatment  orporating Energy Effic ient In the themes above, the three areinhabitant considered more environmental, second three Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Use Waste Use Leakages Buildings S  Water Energy-effic more and the last four more wellbeing-oriented. themes clearly Standard Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Consumption  Energy-effic ient Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Energy Performanc ethe Inc SQuality ustainable Land Polic ies 2  CO Waste Produc tion and  Waste laid out, we continue with Step 3all ofnvironme the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Quality of Support Network Polic ies  Reduc tion and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Tables Water Management Management Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and 2 Intensity Emissions Produc tion Rec  Waste ycling major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)Water and follow the specified theme 2 Emissions  CO Nitrogen Dioxide  Munic ipal ycling Waste Produc tion Nitrogen Dioxide Nature and Biodiversity Produc tion coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds Nature and Biodiversity  S ulfur Dioxide Partic ulate Matter Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Partic ulate Matter and Adaptation  Energy Consumption  S ize ofRec Non-car Transport Carrying Capacity PM 2.5 ) Impact and Maintaining European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2carrying ) Infrastruc ture Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  (PM 10 , Water Effic ienc y and Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Buildings Initiatives Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining capacity.  Green Transport  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Low Carbon Buildings  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Waste Energy Performanc e integrative Inc orporating S ustainable Use SWater ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Consumption Treatment Energy-effic ientCO 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  CO more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Standard Reduc tion and  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Management Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Waste  Green Urban Areas Framework Quality Polic ies 2 Intensity  Waste Rec ycling laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Reduc tion and Years in Education 2 Emissions Intensity Waste Produc tion and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Waste Rec ycling Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and 2 Emissions  Produc tion  Rec ycling major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme 2  CO Nitrogen Dioxide  Munic ipal Waste Munic ipal Waste S ulfur Dioxide coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds and Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity  S ulfur Dioxide Partic ulate Matter Intensity Network Partic ulate Matter European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Clean Vehic les  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Carrying Capacity  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc ture PM 2.5 ) Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Green City Index Treatment Polic ieslast Use of Non-c arimpact Transport Water Effic ienc y and Table 2. Indicators sorte dystem into eenvironmental nvironme ntalinhabitant themes: eQuality nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural Buildings Initiatives Lowering re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining capacity.  Green Transport resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining capacity.  Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Low Carbon Buildings Use  Wastewater  Energy Effic ient SWater Leakages Buildings tandards Waste Treatment Clean Air Polic ies  Green Urban Areas  Waste Polic ies Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient 2 tion S trategy carrying  CO more and the four more wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Standard  Waste Reduc tion and  Energy Performanc e SEnvironmental Inc orporating S ustainable Land 2 tion S and trategy  CO Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Polic ies Treatment Reduc tion and Framework Management Management 2 Reduc Intensity Rec ycling laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Waste Reduc tion and Student Skills 2 Reduc Intensity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery 2 Emissions  CO Produc tion Nitrogen Dioxide major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Nature and Biodiversity Produc tion Nitrogen Dioxide  Munic ipal Waste  S ulfur Dioxide Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Consumption of Green Transport coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds  S ulfur Dioxide Partic ulate Matter Energy Intensity Network and Adaptation Urban Greenery and Intensity Network of indicators are sorted intoSEffic themes fore easyEuropean andimpact comprehensive  Clean Vehic les Ambient Air Quality (NO 2)  reference. Consumption S izeInitiatives ofNon-c Non-car Transport Carrying Capacity  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc ture Green CityGreen Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of ar Transport Water ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Lowering Environmental  Water Effic ienc y ies and Buildings Lowering Environmental  Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining carrying capacity.  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Ozone Low Carbon Buildings  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Energy Performanc Inc orporating S ustainable Land Use Water ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Clean Air Polic ies  Waste Polic ies  Water Consumption Energy-effic Clean Air Polic ies Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas 2 Reduc tion S trategy Standard  Waste Reduc tion and Polic 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Polic ies Framework Environmental Quality 2 Intensity  CO  Waste Rec ycling laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Educational Attainment Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Waste Rec ycling 2 Emissions Themes  CO Natural Resource Quality Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Munic ipal Waste 2 Emissions Nitrogen Dioxide Residential Buildings Promotion major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) andquality follow the specified theme  Partic ulate Matter Produc tionof  Nitrogen Dioxide and Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity Environmental Quality  S ulfur Dioxide  Consumption of  Green Transport coverage in 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators 10 themes. show these hundreds Partic ulate Matter  Energy Consumption of Capital Green Transport Award Climate Change: MitigationS ystem Energy Intensity Network  Urban Greenery and Intensity Network of indicators are sorted into for easy andinto comprehensive reference.  Clean Vehic les Tables Consumption S ize Non-car Transport Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc Table 2.Table Indicators sorte dthemes into eynvironme ntal themes: ePolic nvironme ntal2–4 monitoring/natural Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  orporating Use oftandards Non-c ar Transport  Water Effic ienc and Buildings Initiatives Lowering Environmental  Water Effic ienc y how and Buildings Initiatives Lowering Environmental Use Green Transport Leakages Buildings S tandards Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic  Ozone  Low Carbon Buildings  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Ozone  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S  Water Consumption Energy-effic Energy Performanc eture Inc S ustainable Land Clean Air Quality Polic ies Polic ies Consumption Energy-effic ient Clean Air ies 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy  ient CO  Waste Reduc tion and Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Reduc tion and 2Themes Intensity Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Framework Quality 2 Consultation on Rule-making Natural Resource Environmental Produc tion Waste Rec ycling 2 Emissions Themes  CO Natural Resource Environmental Quality Nature and Biodiversity Green Land Use Polic ies Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  S ulfur Dioxide 2 Emissions  CO Nitrogen Dioxide Residential Buildings Promotion major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Partic ulate Matter  Munic ipal Waste Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Residential Buildings Promotion S ulfurulate Dioxide Environmental Quality  Partic ulate Matter and Adaptation  Energy Consumption of Green Transport coverage in2.Table re-arrange indicators 10Index themes. Tables show how these hundreds  les Partic Matter  Consumption of Green Green Transport Intensity Network  Urban Greenery and S ize Non-car Transport of indicators are sorted into for easy andinto comprehensive reference.  Clean Vehic Carrying Capacity  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c artion Transport Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc ture  Wastewater  Energy Effic ient Table Indicators sorte dthemes into ey nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal2–4 quality monitoring/natural City Treatment Polic ies Use Non-c ar Transport 1 toEnergy Water Effic iencall and Buildings Initiatives re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Waste Produc and Lowering Environmental  Green Transport S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Wastewater Treatment Treatment Energy EfficEnergy ient Use  Ozone Low Carbon Buildings  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Ozone  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings Sof tandards Clean Air Polic ies Polic ies 2 tion S and trategy  CO  Waste Standard Polic ies 2 tion S trategy  CO Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Rec ycling Waste Reduc tion and ulate 2 Reduc Intensity Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Renewable Framework Quality Nitrogen Dioxide 2 Reduc Intensity  Munic ipal Waste Turnout 2 Emissions Themes  CO Natural Resource Environmental Quality Green Land Polic ies Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery  Use S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Nitrogen Dioxide PM 2.5 )Voter Green Land Use Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity Residential Buildings Promotion Partic Matter Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Consumption S ulfur Dioxide Residential Buildings Promotion  S ulfur Dioxide Environmental Quality  Energy of  Green Transport  Intensity Network coverage in Table 1 toEnergy re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Intensity Network Urban Greenery and Consumption  S ize Non-car Transport of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport Carrying Capacity Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc ture Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme Water ntal quality Effic ienc monitoring/natural y and Buildings Initiatives Water Management Management re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Waste Produc tion and  Green Transport  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Ozone Water Consumption Energy-effic Low Carbon Buildings Water Consumption Energy-effic  Clean Air Polic ies  Waste  Waste Reduc tion and Clean Air Polic ies 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy  Consumption Standard Polic ies 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Standard 2 Emissions  CO 2  CO Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Renewable Energy Produc tion Framework Environmental Quality Nitrogen Dioxide Waste Rec ycling European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Renewable Energy Housing Expenditure 2 Emissions  CO Nitrogen Dioxide Munic ipal Waste Green Land UseSPolic Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  ulfuries Dioxide Nitrogen PM )Partic ulate Land Polic ies Dioxide Residential Buildings Promotion Matter  Ambient Air Quality (PM , Intensity  Use Partic ulate Matter  Energy Consumption of Green  Green Transport Environmental Quality  Consumption ofVehic  Transport Intensity Network Energy Network Urban Greenery and Green City Index Treatment Polic  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Energy Consumption  S izeture Non-car Transport of indicators are sorted intoSEffic for easy and2.5impact comprehensive reference.  Clean Water Efficies ienc y Green and S Buildings Initiatives Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Carrying Capacity City Index Treatment ies Treatment Use of Non-c arient Transport Water ienc and Buildings Initiatives Infrastruc  Wastewater  Energy Effic ient Table 2. Indicators sorte dthemes into ey nvironme ntal themes: ePolic nvironme  Water ntal10Polic quality Effic ienc monitoring/natural y ies and Buildings Initiatives Management Management Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Produc tion and  Water ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Ozone Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings S ystem Leakages Buildings tandards  les Ozone  Low Carbon Buildings Polic  Consumption Energy-effic ient Clean Air ies Water  Clean and Effic Waste  CO 2 Intensity  Clean Air Polic ies 2 Emissions Reduc tion S and trategy  CO  Consumption  Waste Rec yclingCO Waste tion and Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Consumption Standard 2 Emissions Energy CO 2 Emissions Intensity  Framework Quality Nitrogen 2 European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Themes  Resource Environmental Quality  Renewable Produc tionofReduc Dwellings with Basic Facilities 2 Green Land Use Polic ies Dioxide S ulfur Dioxide Residential Buildings Promotion Low Carbon Cities Natural Urban Greenery PM )Ambient S ulfur Dioxide Residential Promotion  2.5 CO Air Quality (PM , Consumption Energy Partic ulate Matter  Energy  Green Transport Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption  ofMaintaining  y Renewable Green Transport Intensity Network Urban Greenery and City Index Treatment Polic ies Energy S ize Non-car Transport Energy Performanc e of Green Inc orporating SGreen ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les  Water Effic ienc and Green City Index Treatment Polic iesTreatment  Waste Water Treatment Use of Non-c artion Transport  Green Urban Areas Impact and City Index Treatment ies  Use Non-c arient Transport Wastewater Energy Effic ient Infrastruc ture Table 2. Indicators sorte dConsumption into eenvironmental nvironme ntalAdaptation themes: ePolic nvironme ntal10Polic quality monitoring/natural Management Management Lowering Environmental Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient reAward source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Produc and Green Transport  Water Consumption Energy-effic  Ozone  Green Transport Energy Policies  Low Carbon Buildings Reduc tion S trategy  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings Sof tandards Ozone Low Carbon Buildings Reduc tion and Clean Air ies  Clean and Effic 222 Intensity  CO Polic ies 2 tionHealth S and trategy  CO and  Clean and Effic ient  Waste Consumption 2 Intensity  CO Capital Climate Change: Mitigation Ranking/ Monitoring Consumption Waste Rec ycling Emissions 2 Reduc Intensity  Renewable Energy Nitrogen Dioxide Framework Quality Self-reported European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Nitrogen Dioxide Rooms per Person  Green Land Use Polic ies Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery Partic ulate Matter Green Land Use Polic ies Residential Buildings Promotion Low Carbon Cities Consumption Urban Greenery and PM 2.5 ) Intensity  S ulfur Dioxide Residential Promotion  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption  Energy Intensity Network Use S ize of Non-car Transport Urban Greenery and City Index (level Treatment Polic ies Consumption  S ize ofTransport Non-car Transport Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SGreen ustainable Land Carrying Capacity Water ienc and Buildings Initiatives  Clean Vehic les  Index Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Impact and Maintaining Water Effic ienc y ies and Buildings Initiatives Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture Table 2. Indicators sorteSEffic dystem into ey nvironme ntalAdaptation themes: e nvironme ntal carrying quality monitoring/natural Management Management Lowering Environmental Water Leakages Buildings S tandards  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Air of reAward source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining capacity.  Waste Produc tion and  Green  Clean Air Polic Ozone Green Transport Energy Policies Polic Reduc tion ies S trategy Water Consumption Energy-effic Nature and Biodiversity Energy Policies  Low Carbon Buildings Clean Air Polic ies Better Life 2 Emissions Reduc tion S trategy  CO Waste Reduc tion and  Clean and Effic ient 22 Intensity  CO 2Quality Reduc tion S trategy  CO and Standard Clean and Effic ient Consumption Capital Climate Change: Mitigation Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring 2  CO  Renewable Energy Framework Environmental Quality 2 Emissions  CO  Renewable Energy Framework Quality Life Expectancy European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality S ulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Household Financial Wealth Green Land Polic ies Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Energy ofVehic Land Use Polic ies Buildings Promotion Low Carbon Cities Residential Urban Greenery and (PM PM 2.5 )City Intensity  Use Partic ulate Matter  Ambient Air Quality 10 , Intensity  Consumption ofMaintaining  Green Transport  Energy Intensity Network Environmental  Energy Consumption Consumption Energy Network Use Green City Index Treatment Polic iesTreatment  Use of Non-c artion Transport Urban Greenery and  Clean les  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Carrying Capacity Green Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Clean Vehic les Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Impact and Wastewater Energy Effic ient  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Infrastruc ture  Ozone Infrastruc ture  Water Consumption partic ulate matter) Energy-effic Management Management Lowering Environmental Air Quality (level of re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Produc and Clean Air Polic  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Ozone Munic ipal Waste Air Quality (level of Green Transport Energy Policies 2 Reduc tion ies S trategy  CO Clean Air Polic ies  Nature and Biodiversity Energy Policies Polic ies Clean Air Polic ies  Waste  Cleanofand Effic ient 2 Intensity CO Consumption and Adaptation Standard 2 Emissions Intensity Consumption Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Nitrogen Dioxide  Renewable Energy Framework Environmental Quality Residential Buildings 2  CO  Renewable Energy Framework Quality Partic ulate Matter European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Themes Resource Environmental Quality Household Net Adjusted Land Use Polic ies Energy Consumption S ulfur Dioxide Residential Buildings Promotion Low Carbon Cities Natural  Urban Greenery and PM 2.5 )  Intensity  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Consumption  of Green Transport S ize Non-car Transport Environmental Use Energy S izeof ofVehic Non-car Transport  Urban Greenery and Air Polic ies Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Urban Greenery and  Clean les Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Carrying Capacity Green City2Quality Index Treatment Polic ies Use Non-c ar Transport  Clean Vehic les Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Impact and Maintaining Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Ozone  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Infrastruc ture partic ulate matter) Management Management Lowering Environmental Ozone Produc tion particAdaptation ulate matter) Water Consumption Energy-effic Air Quality (level of Waste Produc tion and Clean  Ozone Munic ipal Waste Air (level of Low Carbon Buildings Energy Policies Reduc tion S trategy  CO Nature and Biodiversity 2 Reduc tion S trategy  Clean and Effic ient  Waste Clean and Effic ient Consumption and Standard 2 Emissions  CO 2 Intensity  CO Consumption  Water  Green Building Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Renewable ulfur Dioxide Residential Buildings Nitrogen Income Framework Quality European  2.5 S Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Green Land UseTransport Polic Residential Buildings Promotion Energy Partic ulateDioxide Matter  Energy Consumption of Residential Promotion  Energy Intensity Network PM )Disposable  Energy Intensity Network  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Effic Environmental Quality Environmental Use Green CityGreen Index Treatment iesTreatment  Use ofMaintaining Non-c ar Transport Consumption S izeS of Non-car Index Ec ological Footprint  Urban Greenery and ies Urban Greenery and Wastewater Energy Effic ient Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Carrying Capacity  Water ienc y Green and Buildings Initiatives  Clean Vehic les Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas Impact and Waste Rec ycling Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  Ozone  Water S ystem Buildings tandards partic ulate matter) WaterPolic Management Management Lowering Environmental Produc tion partic ulate matter)  Green Transport  Air (level of  Adaptation Clean Air Polic iesMitigation Energy Policies  Waste Produc tion and Munic ipal Waste Low Carbon Buildings Clean Air Polic ies Energy Policies Nature and Biodiversity Intensity CO 2Quality Reduc tion S trategy CO Clean and Effic ient  Leakages Waste Clean and Effic ient Consumption  Nitrogen Dioxide and Standard  Water  Green Building Capital Award Climate Change: Ranking/ Monitoring 2 Emissions  CO Renewable Energy  Water  Green Building Residential Job2 Security Land Use Polic ies S ulfur Dioxide European Green  Air Quality 2 ) , Intensity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Land Use Polic ies Low Carbon Cities Consumption Urban Greenery and (NO  Energy Consumption of Green Transport  Consumption of  Green Transport PM 2.5 Ambient ) Ambient Air Quality (PM 10Buildings ,  S ize Non-car Transport Energy Network  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Water Effic ienc y and  Biodiversity Buildings Initiatives Use Index Ec ological Footprint Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Waste Reduc tion and Index  Ec ological Footprint  Urban Greenery and Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Carrying Capacity  Treatment Energy Effic ient Sustainable Cities Climate Change  Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Impact and Maintaining Rec ycling Sustainable Cities Climate Change Infrastruc ture Ozone  Ozone partic ulate matter) Air 22Quality (level of Wastewater Water Management Management  Waste Produc tion and Produc tion Green Transport Reduc tion S trategy  CO Air (level Energy Policies Waste Produc tion and Munic ipal Waste  Low Carbon Buildings Clean Air Polic ies of Energy Policies Nature and Biodiversity  Clean and Effic ient Emissions  CO Waste 2Quality Intensity CO Consumption and Adaptation Standard Renewable Energy  Nitrogen Dioxide  Water  Green Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Ranking/ Monitoring Renewable Energy Water  Green Building Framework Environmental Quality Residential Buildings Promotion Earnings Residential Promotion European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 Low Cities Consumption Urban Greenery and  Energy Intensity Network PM 2.5Transport )Ambient  Energy Consumption ofVehic  Green Transport PM 2.5 Biodiversity )Personal Food Produc tion Air Quality (PM 10 , Ambient Air Quality (PM 10)Buildings ,Effic Green City Index Treatment Polic iesTreatment  Use of Non-c ar S izeInitiatives ofBuilding Non-car Transport Environmental  Biodiversity Use Polic   Water ienc y ies and Buildings Index Ec ological Footprint Reduc tion and IndexCarbon Ec ological Footprint  Clean les Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Carrying Capacity Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling Infrastruc ture particAdaptation ulate matter)  Water Management Management Clean Air Polic ies Ozone partic ulate matter) Air (level of Water Management Management Waste Produc tion and Produc tion  Green Transport Air (level of Energy Policies  Waste Produc tion and 2Quality Intensity  CO Munic ipal Waste Low Carbon Buildings 2Quality Reduc tion S trategy  CO Nature and Biodiversity  Clean and Effic ient Consumption  Waste Consumption 2 Emissions  CO and Standard and Water  Green Building  Land PolicProduc ies Air Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality Land Polic ies Long-term Unemployment Rate Green  Use Ambient (NO 2 )  EnergyConsumption Consumption of European Green Transport Residential Promotion European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery  S ize ofVehic Non-car PM 2.5 Food )Transport  Energy Intensity Network PM 2.5 Food )City  tion Water Energy-effic ient  Produc tion Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Management Green Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Urban Non-cUse ar Transport Biodiversity Use Polic ies Biodiversity  Urban Greenery and Index Ec ological Footprint Reduc tion and  Clean les Sustainable Cities Climate Change Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment  Green Areas Ozone Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling Infrastruc ture partic ulate matter) 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Water Management partic ulate matter) Air Quality (level of Water Management Management Produc tion  Green Transport  Clean Air Polic ies Energy Policies Partic ulate Matter Waste Produc tion and Munic ipal Waste Low Carbon Buildings  Clean and Effic ient 2 Intensity CO  Nature and Biodiversity  Clean and Effic ient Renewable Energy  Waste Renewable Energy Water  Green Building and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Residential Buildings Promotion  Water  Green Building Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality Land Use Polic ies  Energy Intensity Network Employment Rate European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) European Green Ambient Air Quality 2 ) Consumption Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and (NO  Green Transport SWater ystem Leakages Buildings Sof tandards Energy  orporating S ize ofUrban Non-car Transport PM )Clean Food Produc tion Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Food Produc tion Environmental  Biodiversity Index Ec ological Footprint Use Polic ies Urban Greenery and Index Ec ological Footprint  Waste Reduc tion and  Clean Vehic les  Performanc eture Inc S ustainable Land (level of Sustainable Cities  2.5ulate Climate Change Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Waste Water Treatment  Green  Areas Air Quality Sustainable Cities Climate Change  Waste Treatment Green Urban Areas Air Polic ies Energy Rec ycling Infrastruc Ozone partic matter) Air (level of Energy Policies  S ulfur Dioxide 2Quality Reduc tion S trategy  CO Water Management Management Produc tion Green Transport Energy Policies Partic ulate Matter Consumption  Munic ipal Waste  Low Carbon Buildings Consumption  Nature and Biodiversity and Adaptation Land Use Polic ies Renewable Energy Water  Green Building and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Water  Green Building Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Consumption of Transport Framework Environmental Quality Residential Buildings Promotion Homicide Rate Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Intensity Network European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and SWater ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 10 , Food Produc tion  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Environmental  Biodiversity Useorporating S ustainable  Biodiversity Index Ec ological Footprint Use Polic ies  Urban Greenery and Index Ec ological Footprint Ozone Reduc tion and  Clean Vehic les  of (PM Energy Performanc eture Inc Land partic ulate matter)(level of Sustainable Cities Climate Change Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land  Air Quality  Nitrogen Dioxide  WasteBuildings Treatment  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling Infrastruc partic ulate matter) Air Quality (level  Clean Air Polic ies of Air Quality (level S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion and Clean and Effic ient Produc tion  Green Transport Partic ulate Matter  Clean Effic Munic ipal Waste  Nature and Biodiversity  Renewable Energy Consumption  Nature and Biodiversity Residential Promotion and Adaptation  Water Consumption  Green Building and Adaptation Land Useient Polic ies Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality and Energy of  Greenand Transport Rate  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Low  Urban Greenery PM 2.5 )Assault Food Produc tion S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Consumption  Food Produc tion Water  Energy-effic ient Environmental Quality  Biodiversity Use Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Biodiversity IndexCarbon Cities  Ec ological Footprint Use Polic ies Urban Greenery and  Waste Reduc tion and  Clean Vehic les partic ulate Sustainable Cities Climate Change 2 Emissions  CO  Ozone  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Air Quality partic ulate matter) Nitrogen Dioxide Energy Policies Rec ycling Infrastruc ture partic ulate matter) Water Management Management Energy Policies  S ulfur Dioxide  Waste Produc tion and Consumption Produc tion Partic ulate Matter Municand ipal Waste  Clean Effic ient matter)(level of Munic ipal Waste  Nature and Biodiversity  Water  Nature and Biodiversity Green Land Use Polic ies Renewable Energy  Water  Green Building Green CityGreen Index Treatment Polic ies  Use oftandards Non-c ar Transport Residential Buildings Promotion and Adaptation  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Framework Environmental Quality European  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient PM 2.5 ) 22 Intensity Food Produc tion S ystem Leakages Ambient Air Quality (PM 10) , Buildings S Index Ec ological Footprint  Food Produc tion of  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Environmental Quality  Biodiversity Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Index Ec ological Footprint CO Use Polic ies  Urban Greenery and Sustainable Cities Climate Change Waste Reduc tion and  Clean Vehic les partic ulate matter) Sustainable Cities Climate Change Emissions  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Air Quality (level of Nitrogen Dioxide  Air 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S major global urban 5) and follow the specified theme Consumer Goods possibilities coverage in2016, Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Standard DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Consumption Monitoring ofODPM, indicators are sorted into for easyRanking/ and comprehensive reference. 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Low Carbon Buildings and work now and in the future inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. last Waste Consumer Goods and inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ewellbeing-oriented. inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Standard possibilities inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense ofthree Wellbeing and In the themes above, the three considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second of indicators sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc emethodology: An environment that is3both Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc ture PLC Cultural possibilities more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality more socio-economic, and last four more inhabitant With themes clearly Table 2.10 Indicators sorte d efirst nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Step ofnvironme the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 ODPM, UK Requirement #5 the DCLG, UK (same asinto title of theme)  Waste DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) Consumer Goods and andHealthcare Consumer Goods and major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Impact and Maintaining Quality of Private Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and work now and in the future Low Carbon Buildings and workCrime now and inlast theto future S ervices ODPM, UK Requirement #5 ODPM, UK Requirement (same #5 as title of theme) (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Waste Consumer Goods and inhabitants would want live Work-Life Balanc e inviting and enjoyable, where ense of Wellbeing and Standard  Clean Vehic les In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three An environment that is both Impact and Maintaining Prevalence of Petty Infrastruc ture more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and more socio-economic, and four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2.(Figure Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  indicators Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laidinto out, we continue Step 3indicators of the integrative collate all from the 10 Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Steplast 3all ofrankings/standards the integrative methodology: collate all from themethodology: 10 ODPM, UK Requirement #5 the S ervices S ervices DCLG, UK (same asshow title of theme)  Waste major global urban sustainability 5) with and follow the specified theme Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Impact and Maintaining Availability of Public Healthcare Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Lowering Environmental Green Transport re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and work now and in the future  Low Carbon Buildings ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and and work now and in the future S ervices inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Waste  Urban Greenery and inviting and enjoyable, where ense of Wellbeing and Standard  Clean Vehic les In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Quality Impact and Maintaining Prevalence of Violent Crime Infrastruc ture more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental  Green Transport (same as title of theme) re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we continue with Step 312 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Step 3all ofrankings/standards theeasy integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural ODPM, Diversity UK Requirements and 5) #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and UK (same asshow title of theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure and follow the specified theme  12 Waste major global urban (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Standard  Clean Vehic Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental Quality coverage in 10 Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Impact and Maintaining Quality of Public Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Quality Low Carbon Cities  les Urban Greenery andHealthcare Toleranc e Balanc ofDCLG, indicators are sorted into themes for and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental  Green Transport PLC Cultural possibilities (same as title ofUrban theme) (same as title of theme) and work now and in the future Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12to Cultural Diversity and inhabitants would want live Work-Life ethemes  Waste  Greenery and Standard In the themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three  Clean Vehic les In the 10 above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Quality Impact and Maintaining Threat of Terror Infrastruc ture more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Toleranc emethodology: Toleranc e 10 Lowering Environmental Green Transport (same asshow title of theme) PLC Cultural possibilities PLC Cultural possibilities re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. laid out, we continue with Step 3all of the integrative collate all indicators from the  Low Carbon Buildings laid out, we continue with Step 3all ofrankings/standards the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Waste  Urban Greenery and major global urban sustainability (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Standard  Clean Vehic les Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Framework Quality coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Impact and Maintaining Availability of Over-the-counter Drugs Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Toleranc e An environment that is both of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental  Green Transport  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , PLC Cultural possibilities and work now and inlast thefirst future Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality  Waste  Urban Greenery and Standard In the 10 themes above, the three are considered more environmental, the second three  Clean Vehic les In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental Quality Impact and Maintaining more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Threat of Military Conflict Infrastruc ture more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Themes Natural Resource Quality Low Carbon Citiesurban  Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and10 AnConsumption environment thatCarrying is3all both An environment that both Lowering Environmental is indicators Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step of the integrative collate all from the Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality major urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and the specified theme  Waste  Urban Greenery and major global rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Standard  Clean Vehic les Ranking/ Monitoring Capacity coverage in Table 1Tables to re-arrange indicators into 10methodology: themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Framework Quality inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofglobal Wellbeing and coverage in Table 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds Impact and Maintaining Healthcare Indicators Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and PM 2.5 )General An environment that is all both ofDCLG, indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Green Transport  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , follow  Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality Table 2.10 Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Waste  Urban Greenery and Standard Insocio-economic, the themes above, the three are considered more environmental, the second  Clean Vehic les UK (same as all title of theme) Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental inviting and enjoyable, where S ense ofthree Wellbeing inviting and 5)and enjoyable, where S ense ofand Wellbeing and Impact and Maintaining more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Threat ofAir Civil Infrastruc ture Unrest/Conflict Water Management more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery andsustainability  Waste Produc tion Lowering Environmental  Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3all ofnvironme the integrative methodology: collate indicators from the 10  Ambient Quality (PM 10 ,Management laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality Liveability Ranking major global urban rankings/standards (Figure and follow the specified theme  Waste  Urban Greenery and Standard  Clean Vehic les inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Framework Environmental Quality European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Quality of Road Network Infrastruc ture Themes Natural Resource Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion andBalanc PM 2.5 ) three ofDCLG, indicators are sortedabove, intothe for easy and comprehensive reference. Treatment Green Transport  Ambient Air 10 , Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality Table 2.10Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste  Urban Greenery and Standard In the themes the three are considered more environmental, the second  Clean Vehic les Private Waste Water Urban Areas UK (same aswant title of theme) inhabitants would to live Work-Life inhabitants eQuality (PM would want to Green live Work-Life Balanc e Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental Impact and Maintaining more and last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Availability of Education Infrastruc ture Water Management Management Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme andsorted workWater now and in thetofuture major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Waste  Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Standard  Clean Vehic les inhabitants would want live Work-Life Balanc e Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Quality of Public Transport Infrastruc ture  Management Management of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) of indicators are into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Green Transport Ambient Air Quality 10quality ,and in Low Buildings Table Greenery 2.Air Indicators sorte dPerformanc into eWith nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Environmental Table 2. Indicators sortethe d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal2.5 themes: eof nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and now and inthe future and work(PM now the future Waste Urban Greenery and Energy e Carbon Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les work Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Carrying Capacity Framework Environmental Quality European Green  Ambient Quality (NO 2 more and four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. themes clearly Private Education Infrastruc ture Water Management Low Carbon Cities Urban and  Waste Produc tion and PM )Quality  Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3all of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10) ,Management Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)sustainability and follow the specified theme and Adaptation andwork now and inlast the future major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and the specified theme  Waste  Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Standard  Clean Vehic les coverage in 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas coverage in Table 1Tables to re-arrange all indicators into 1010 themes. Tables show how these hundreds Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 22–4 )quality International Links Infrastruc ture Water Management of are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Quality Green Transport  Ambient Air Quality (PM , follow  Low Carbon Buildings Table 2. Indicators sorte dthemes into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: eof nvironme ntal10 monitoring/natural Environmental Quality Use Table 2.Table Indicators sorteManagement d into eenvironmental nvironme ntalindicators themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Framework Environmental European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Public Education Indicators Infrastruc ture Water Management Management Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )  Green Transport laid out, we continue with Step 3all ofrankings/standards the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , follow  Nature and Biodiversity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Buildings Environmental Quality major global urban (Figure 5) and the specified theme and Adaptation  WasteCarbon Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e three Inc orporating Ssecond ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les coverage in2.10 Table re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds 1 tosustainability Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas coverage in Table 1Tables to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 how these hundreds Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )quality In the themes above, the are considered more environmental, the three Energy Provision Infrastruc of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Water Management Management of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Quality Impact and Maintaining  Green Transport  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , show Table 2.Change: Indicators sorte dthemes into efirst nvironme ntal themes: eof nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Environmental Quality Use Table Indicators sorte dthemes into nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and Adaptation reAward source consumption/lowe ring efirst environmental impact and maintaining capacity.  Urban Greenery and Capital  Climate Mitigation  Energy Performanc eture Inc orporating Ssecond ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Framework Environmental European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2carrying ) In the 10 themes above, the three are In considered the 10 themes more environmental, above, the first the three are considered three more environmental, the second three Availability of Good Quality Housing Infrastruc ture  Water Management Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Munic ipal Waste Green Transport  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Nature and Biodiversity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings Environmental Quality Use major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme and Adaptation Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e three Inc orporating Ssecond ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les coverage in 10 Table re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds 1 tosustainability Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )quality In the themes above, the first are considered more environmental, the three Quality of Water Provision Infrastruc ture of indicators are sorted intoManagement themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Water Management of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 )Ambient more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Impact and Maintaining Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Nature and Biodiversity Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Use Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and Adaptation re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly  Clean Vehic les  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Standard Themes Natural Infrastruc turethemes Water Management Produc tion Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 Ambient ) Munic ipal Waste more socio-economic, and the last four more more inhabitant socio-economic, wellbeing-oriented. and the last With four more inhabitant clearly  Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Air Quality (PM 10 ,Management  Nature and Biodiversity Resource Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Use and Adaptation  Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  monitoring/natural Clean Vehic les coverage in2.Table re-arrange indicators 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality 2 ), Telecommunications of indicators are sorted intoManagement for andinto comprehensive reference. 1 toWaste Water Management Carrying Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and (NO Impact and Maintaining  Waste Produc tion and10 PM 2.5 )Quality Munic ipal Waste more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Impact and Maintaining  Ambient Air Quality (PM Table Indicators sorte dthemes into eof nvironme ntal themes: e Indicators nvironme ntal quality  Nature and Biodiversity Table 2.Change: sorte dPerformanc into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: eof nvironme ntal10 quality monitoring/natural Environmental Lowering Environmental Use laid out, we continue with Step 3all theeasy integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and Adaptation Urban Greenery Capital Award  Climate Energy eCapacity Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les  Mitigation Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling  Waste European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 Standard Infrastruc ture Consumption Monitoring Water Management Produc tion Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Waste Produc tionand and PM 2.5out, )Ambient Munic ipal Waste Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Air Quality (PM 10) ,Management  Nature and Biodiversity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Environmental Use laid we continue with Step 3orporating ofGreen the integrative laid out, methodology: we continue with collate Step all 3indicators ofGreen the integrative from the methodology: 10 collate all indicators from the 10 and Adaptation Urban Greenery and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e easyRanking/ Inc SQuality ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment Urban Areas Framework Environmental Quality European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )quality of indicators are sorted into themes for and comprehensive reference. Carrying Capacity Water Management Management Produc tion Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Munic ipal Waste Impact and Maintaining  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Nature and Biodiversity Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural Environmental Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Use laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and Adaptation Waste Reduc tion and  Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and Capital  Climate Change: Energy Performanc e specified Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land majorAward global sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5)(NO and follow the theme  Clean Vehic les  Mitigation Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Rec ycling Waste Standard European Green Air Quality 2 ) ,Management Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Water Management Produc tion Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 Ambient ) Munic ipal Waste Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10  Nature and Biodiversity Themesurban Natural Resource Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Use and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land major global urban sustainability rankings/standards major global (Figure urban 5) sustainability and follow the rankings/standards specified theme (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Carrying Capacity Water Management Management Produc tion Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining  Waste Produc tion and and PM 2.5 )theme Munic ipal Waste Impact and Maintaining  Ambient Airmaintaining Quality (PM 10carrying , Table 2.Table Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntalinto themes: e consumption/lowe nvironme ntal monitoring/natural  Nature and Biodiversity Environmental Lowering Environmental reAward source consumption/lowe ringall impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Use Polic ies source ring environmental impact capacity. Treatment Green Transport and Adaptation Reduc tion and Low Carbon Buildings Urban Greenery Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e specified Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)(NO and follow the  Tables Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling  Waste Standard European Green Ambient Air Quality 22–4 )quality coverage in 1 tosustainability re-arrange indicators 10 themes. show how these hundreds Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Water Management Produc tion Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Waste Produc tionand and PM 2.5 )re Munic ipal Waste Political Stability Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Management  Nature and Biodiversity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Use and Adaptation  Waste Reduc tion and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Rec ycling European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 22–4 ) coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators coverage into 10 in themes. Table 1 Tables to re-arrange show all how indicators these hundreds into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Carrying Capacity Water Management Management Produc tion Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Munic ipal Waste  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Infrastruc ture  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Nature and Biodiversity Lowering Environmental Environmental Lowering Environmental reAward source consumption/lowe ringall environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Use Polic ies Treatment Green Transport Low Carbon Buildings and Adaptation Reduc tion Low Buildings Capital  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Carbon Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land  Tables Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling  Waste Standard European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 22–4 ) Management coverage in Table 1 toEnergy re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. show how these Standard Consumption Monitoring Water Management Produc tion  hundreds Partic ulate Matter Framework Quality  Waste Produc tionand and PM )Crime, Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Munic ipal Waste of indicators are sorted into themes for and2.5 comprehensive reference. Law Enforcement Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Nature and Biodiversity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Use Polic ies and Adaptation Reduc tion andLand Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Performanc e easyRanking/ Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) , themes  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity Water Management Management Impact and Maintaining Produc tion S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Impact and Maintaining PM 2.5comprehensive )  Munic ipal Waste  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Infrastruc ture of indicators are sorted into themes for easy of and indicators are sorted reference. into for easy and comprehensive reference.  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10  Nature and Biodiversity Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Green Transport Use Polic ies  Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings and Adaptation  Waste Reduc tion and Low Buildings Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Carbon Inc orporating S ustainable Land and Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas Rec ycling  Waste Standard European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Management Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  S ulfur Dioxide Consumption Monitoring Water Produc tion Produc Partic ulate Matter Framework Quality  Waste tion and Medical Supplies and ServicesManagement Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Munic ipal Waste  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient of indicators are sorted into themes fore easyRanking/ andCarbon comprehensive Currency Exchange Regulations Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Low Cities Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery Use Polic ies and Adaptation Reduc tion andLand Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Waste Rec ycling  reference. Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Urban Greenery European Green Air Quality (NO 2 ) Carrying Capacity  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Produc tion Partic ulate Matter SWater ystem Leakages Buildings SCarbon tandards Impact and Maintaining PM 2.5 Ambient ) and Infrastruc ture  Munic ipal Waste  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Infrastruc  Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity Lowering Environmental  Green Transport Use Polic ies Green Transport Low Buildings and Reduc tion andLand  Low Carbon Buildings Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc eture Inc orporating S ustainable  Nitrogen Dioxide  and Waste Treatment  Green Urban Areas Standard Waste Rec ycling Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring S ulfur Dioxide Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Water Management Management Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Framework Quality Infectious Diseases Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Munic ipal Waste  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Banking Services Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery Use Polic ies Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural and Adaptation  Reduc tion andLand Water Effic ienc y Urban and Buildings Initiatives Environmental Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Waste Rec ycling  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Greenery and European Green Ambient Quality (NO 2)  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity  S ulfur Dioxide  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Produc tion Partic ulate Matter S Leakages Buildings S tandards Infrastruc ture  Munic ipal Waste  Water  Energy-effic ient Infrastruc  Nature and Biodiversity Lowering Environmental  Green Transport Use Polic ies Green Transport Table 2. Quality Indicators sorteConsumption dystem into e nvironme ntal themes: Table 2.Air eQuality Indicators nvironme ntal sorte quality d into monitoring/natural e nvironme ntal themes: Low Carbon Buildings and Adaptation Reduc tion andLande nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural 2 Emissions  CO Energy Performanc eture Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Nitrogen Dioxide  Availability Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Standard Waste Rec ycling  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  S ulfur Dioxide Environmental Produc tion Partic Matter Sdystem Buildings S tandards Framework Electricity (public services) Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Munic ipal Waste  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Standards and of Low Cities Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and (PM Use Polic Green City Index Treatment ies  Use oftandards Non-c ar Transport Table 2. Indicators sorte into eenvironmental nvironmeFramework ntalCarbon themes: eDioxide nvironme ntal10Polic quality monitoring/natural Ambient Air Quality ,Consumption and Adaptation  Waste Reduc tion and ulate  Water Effic ienc y ies and Buildings Initiatives re source consumption/lowe ringLeakages impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Environmental Quality Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Nitrogen  Urban Greenery and Rec ycling Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity S ulfur Dioxide  Clean Vehic les Impact and Maintaining Produc tion Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S Infrastruc ture Munic ipal Waste  Water  Energy-effic ient Infrastruc ture  Nature and Biodiversity 2 Intensity  CO  Waste Produc tion and Green Transport Use  Low Carbon Buildings Polic ies  Low Carbon Buildings Reduc tion andLand Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact re source and consumption/lowe maintaining carrying ring capacity. environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Quality-of-Living Report Waste Nitrogen Dioxide Standard  Waste Rec ycling  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  S ulfur Dioxide Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion International Schools Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Framework Environmental Quality Water (public services)  Munic ipal Waste  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity PM 2.5 )Partic Polic Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use oftandards Non-c ar Transport Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Consumption and Adaptation Environmental Quality  Reduc tion and Water Effic ienc y ies and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Environmental Quality Nitrogen Dioxide  Urban Greenery and Waste Rec ycling  Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les Carrying Capacity  S ulfur Dioxide  Clean Vehic les Produc tion ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy  CO Infrastruc ture Munic ipal Waste  Water  Energy-effic ient  WaterPolic Management Management  Green Transport 2  Waste Produc and Green Transport Use Low Carbon Buildings Polic ies Green CityGreen Index Treatment ies Use of Non-c artion Transport  Low Carbon Buildings  Waste Reduc tion and  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO  Waste Nitrogen Dioxide Standard Rec ycling Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Rental Housing Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Public Transportation European Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Munic ipal Waste Water Consumption Low Carbon Cities   Energy-effic ient Urban Greenery and  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Nature and Biodiversity 2 Intensity  CO PM 2.5 ) Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Polic ies Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Lowering Environmental Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Effic ienc Environmental Quality  Reduc tion and Water y Green and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions Environmental Quality Nitrogen Dioxide  Urban Greenery Waste Rec ycling  Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les  S ulfur Dioxide Clean Air Polic  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas Produc tion Infrastruc ture Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 tion ies S trategy  CO Infrastruc ture  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Water Management Management Waste Produc tionand and  Green Transport 2 Reduc Intensity Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Waste Produc and  Green Transport Low Carbon Buildings Polic ies Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c artion Transport Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental Reduc tion and Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO  Waste Nitrogen Dioxide  Waste Rec ycling  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Consumption of Green Transport Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality  ulfur Dioxide Energy Intensity Network Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Household Appliances ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2Themes Reduc tion S and trategy CO Traffic Congestion European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2Polic ) ,Effic  Munic ipal Waste Water Consumption Low Carbon Cities   Energy-effic ient  2.5 Urban Greenery  Consumption S ize ofVehic Non-car Transport Impact and Maintaining Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and (PM PM 2.5 S )Partic 2 Intensity PM )Partic Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Ambient Air Quality 10 , Polic Green City Index Treatment ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Lowering Environmental Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Environmental Quality  Waste Reduc tion and  Water ienc y ies and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Environmental Quality Nitrogen Dioxide  Ozone  Urban Greenery Rec ycling  Clean Vehic les Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Clean les Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Infrastruc ture ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Infrastruc ture  Water Consumption Management Management Energy-effic ient Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Water Management Management Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining  Waste Produc tionand and Green Transport 2 Intensity  CO Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Waste Produc tion and  Low Carbon Buildings Polic ies Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport Reduc tion and Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions Residential Buildings Promotion Nitrogen Dioxide and Adaptation  Waste Rec ycling  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Consumption of Green Transport Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality  S ulfur Dioxide Energy Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies Framework Environmental Quality Produc tion Furniture European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Carrying Capacity European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring Water Consumption Low Carbon Cities   Energy-effic ient Urban Greenery and  Consumption S izeInitiatives ofVehic Non-car Transport Impact and Maintaining PM 2.5 Ozone )Clean 2 Emissions Intensity PM 2.5 CO )Partic  Ambient Quality (PM 10 , Polic City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Consumption Environmental Quality  Waste Reduc tion and  Water Effic ienc y ies and Buildings 2  Use Urban Greenery and Nitrogen Dioxide  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic les Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Energy Consumption  Green Transport  Clean les Performanc e of Green Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network AirAir Polic ies Standard Waste Water Treatment Urban Areas Infrastruc ture ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  CO Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Water Management Management Energy-effic ient  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport Water Management Management  Waste Produc tion and  Green Transport 2 Intensity  Waste Produc tion and Polic ies Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Nature and Biodiversity Reduc tion and  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Residential Buildings Promotion Nitrogen Dioxide Ozone and Adaptation  Waste ycling Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Consumption Green Transport Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Framework Environmental Quality  ulfurulate Dioxide Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies Standard Maintenance Services European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ), Matter S ystem Leakages Standard Buildings Sof tandards 2 Intensity Reduc tion S and trategy Carrying Capacity European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2Polic ) Effic Water Consumption Low Carbon Cities   Energy-effic ient Urban Greenery  Energy Consumption  S izeInitiatives ofRec Non-car Transport PM 2.5 S )Partic 2  CO PM 2.5 Nitrogen )Partic  Ambient Quality (PM 10 Polic Environmental City Index Treatment ies Use Non-c ar Transport Environmental  Water ienc y ies and Buildings 2 Emissions Residential Buildings Promotion Use  Urban Greenery and Dioxide  Ozone Urban Greenery and Clean les Energy Performanc eture Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Energy Effic ient  Energy Consumption Transport  Waste Performanc e of Green Inc orporating SQuality ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network Clean AirAir Polic ies Standard Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Infrastruc ulate Matter Water S ystem Leakages Buildings Softandards 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Consumption Management Management Energy-effic ient  Energy Consumption S ize ofVehic Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy Water Management Management Waste Produc tion and 2 Land Intensity Munic ipal Waste Polic ies Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Green Land Use Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity  Reduc tion and Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Residential Buildings Promotion and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide  Ozone and Adaptation Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Waste  Waste Framework Environmental Quality  ulfurulate Dioxide Intensity Network Clean AirAir Polic ies Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ), Matter S ystem Leakages European Buildings SCarbon tandards 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy  CO European Green Ambient Quality (NO 2Polic ) ,Effic  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Energy Consumption S izeInitiatives ofNon-c Non-car Transport PM 2.5 S )Partic 2 (PM 10  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 Environmental City Index Treatment ies  Use ar Transport  Green Land Use Polic ies Environmental  Water ienc y Green and Use Buildings 2 Emissions  CO Residential Buildings Promotion  Low Buildings Use Urban Greenery and Nitrogen Dioxide  Ozone Clean les Energy Performanc e of Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land Energy Effic ient  Energy Consumption Transport Waste Performanc e of Green Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies Consumption WastePolic Water Treatment  Urban Areas Partic ulate Matter S ystem Leakages Buildings Sof tandards 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  Water Consumption Management Management Energy-effic ient  Energy Consumption Waste Produc and S ize ofVehic Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy Waste Produc tion and Produc tion 2  CO Munic ipal Waste Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity Green City Index Treatment ies  Use Non-c artion Transport Green Land Use Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Intensity Emissions Residential Buildings Promotion  Low Carbon Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide  Ozone and Adaptation Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Consumption of  Green Transport Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  S ulfur Dioxide Energy Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Partic ulate Matter  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO  Consumption S izeInitiatives ofand Non-car Transport PM 2.5 CO )City22 Emissions  Energy PM 2.5 Ozone )Clean Intensity Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Effic  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Index Treatment Polic ies  Use Non-c arient Transport Green Land Use Polic ies Transport Water ienc y Renewable and Use Buildings  Residential Buildings Promotion  Low Carbon Buildings Use  Urban Greenery and Nitrogen Dioxide   Energy Performanc e of Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating S ustainable Land Energy Effic ient Energy Consumption Green Transport  Clean Effic Performanc e of Green Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network Air Polic ies Consumption Rec ycling S ystem Leakages Buildings Softandards 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  CO WaterPolic Management Management  Water Consumption Management Management Energy-effic ient  Energy Consumption  Waste Produc and S ize of Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy Crime Waste Produc tion and Produc tion Munic ipal Waste 2 Intensity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Munic ipal Waste Nature and Biodiversity Green CityGreen Index Treatment ies Use Non-c artion Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Nature and Biodiversity  Transport  Green Transport  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Residential Promotion and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide Ozone and Adaptation Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network European  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Clean Air Polic ies Consumption European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Partic ulate Matter 2 Reduc tion S trategy  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport PM 2.5 )  Renewable Energy Infrastruc ture PM 2.5 ) International Flights Upcoming Developments 2 Intensity Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  CO Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery  Urban Greenery and Environmental Quality Green City2 Emissions Index Treatment Polic ies Use oftandards Non-c arient Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Transport  Water Effic ienc y Green and Use Buildings Initiatives Residential Buildings Promotion Energy Policies Use  Nitrogen Dioxide  Ozone Reduc tion and Quality Survey Energy Performanc e of Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating S ustainable Land Energy Effic ient Waste Water Treatment Energy Consumption of Low  Urban Areas Transport Clean and Effic  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Intensity Network Clean Air Polic ies Consumption Waste Rec ycling Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S 2 tion S and trategy  CO Water Management Management Framework Environmental Quality Management Management of Life Energy Consumption  Produc and Produc tion S ize ofand Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy Unemployment Rate Produc tion Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture Munic ipal Waste 2 Reduc Intensity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery Munic ipal Waste Nature and Biodiversity Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use Non-c artion Transport Green Land Use Polic ies Nature and Biodiversity  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  CO Residential Promotion and Adaptation Nitrogen Dioxide Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Ozone Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport  Clean Effic ient  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Air Polic ies Consumption  Vehic les European Green Ambient Air Quality 2 Intensity Reduc tion S and trategy  CO Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption S ize ofand Non-car Transport PM 2.5 CO )Clean  Renewable Energy Infrastruc ture 2 Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,Effic Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c arient Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Air Quality (level of (NO 2 )  Water ienc y ies and Use Buildings Initiatives 2 Emissions  Residential Buildings Promotion Energy Policies Polic Ozone Performanc e of Framework Inc orporating S ustainable Land Waste Reduc tion and Energy Performanc e Wastewater Treatment Inc orporating S ustainable Land Energy Effic ient Waste Water Treatment  Energy Consumption  Green Urban Areas Transport Clean Effic  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Intensity Waste Rec ycling Network  Clean Air Polic ies Consumption Rec ycling  Vehic les  Clean Vehic les 2 Reduc tion S trategy Water Management Management Framework Environmental Quality  Energy Consumption  Waste Produc tion and Produc tion S ize of Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy Produc tion Munic ipal Waste 2 Intensity  CO Munic ipal Waste Nature and Biodiversity Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c arAdaptation Transport Green Land Use Polic ies 2 Emissions Residential Buildings Promotion and Adaptation Energy Policies and  Nitrogen Dioxide Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Ozone Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Consumption of  Green Transport  Clean and Effic ient Urban Greenery and Energy Intensity Network European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Clean Air Polic ies Consumption  Vehic les 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO  Consumption  orporating S ize ofand Non-car Transport PM 2.5 )City2 Intensity  Renewable Energy partic ulate matter)  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Index Treatment ies Use of Non-c arient Transport Use Green Land Use Polic ies Air Quality (level of WaterPolic Effic ienc y ies and Use Buildings Initiatives Residential Buildings Promotion Energy Policies Polic  Waste Reduc tion andLand  Ozone  Energy Performanc e of Green Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste tion and  Energy Performanc e ofReduc Inc S ustainable Waste Water Treatment Consumption Green Urban Areas Transport Clean Effic Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and Intensity Rec ycling Network Clean Air Polic ies Consumption Rec ycling 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  CO Water Management Management  Energy Consumption Produc tion  S ize Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy Produc tion Partic ulate Matter Munic ipal Waste 2 Intensity  Nature and Biodiversity Nature and Biodiversity Green Land Use Polic ies Air Quality (level of 2 Emissions  CO Residential Promotion and Adaptation Energy Policies Environmental Quality and Adaptation Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation  Ozone  Energy Consumption  Green Transport  Clean and Effic ient Urban Greenery andQuality Intensity Network European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Buildings Clean Air Polic ies Consumption tion S trategy  CO Cities  Climate Change  Energy Consumption  S ize ofand Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy SWater ystem Leakages Buildings Sof tandards partic ulate matter)  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Green City2 Reduc Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c arient Transport Use Green Land Use Polic ies Air (level of Use Residential Polic ies Promotion Energy Policies Polic ies Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Reduc tion and  Ozone Performanc e of Sustainable Inc orporating S ustainable Reduc tion and WasteBuildings Treatment  Energy Consumption  Green Urban Areas Transport Clean Effic Intensity Waste Rec ycling Network Clean Air Polic ies Consumption  Mitigation Water  Green Building Waste Rec ycling 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion  Munic ipal Waste Renewable Energy Partic ulate Matter  Munic ipal Waste 2 Intensity  CO Nature and Biodiversity partic ulate matter) Nature and Biodiversity Green Land Use Polic ies Air Quality (level of Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Residential Buildings Promotion and Adaptation Energy Policies Environmental Quality Capital Award Climate Change:  Ozone  EnergyConsumption Consumption  Green Transport  Clean and Effic ient Index CleanCities Ec ological Footprint Intensity Network Air Polic  ies Water Consumption  Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Climate Change Energy Consumption S ize ofand Non-car Transport  Renewable Energy S ystem Leakages Buildings Sof tandards  Energy-effic ient partic ulate matter) Waste Produc tion and  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Use Green Land Use Polic ies  Air Quality (level of (PM 10 , Ambient Quality  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Residential Buildings Polic ies Promotion Energy Policies Polic ies  Reduc tion and Ozone Performanc e of Sustainable Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Reduc tion and  Energy Consumption Green Transport Clean Effic ient Nitrogen Dioxide Waste Rec ycling Clean AirAir Polic ies Consumption  of (PM Water  Green Building 2 Land Reduc tion S trategy  CO Produc tion Sustainable Cities Climate Change  S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Partic ulate Matter  Munic ipal Waste Renewable Energy ulate Matter Munic ipal Waste Nature and Biodiversity partic ulate matter) PM 2.5 )Partic  Waste Produc tion andies  Waste Produc tion and Green Land Use Polic Air Quality (level Ambient Air Quality 10Buildings ,S ystem Residential Promotion and Adaptation Energy Policies  Ozone  Biodiversity  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Consumption of  Green Transport Clean and Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint Energy Intensity Network Consumption  Green Building Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Leakages Buildings S tandards Renewable Energy Management Management S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient partic ulate matter)  Waste Produc tion and  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient PM 2.5 ) PM 2.5 ) Use Green Land Use Polic ies Air Quality (level of Residential Buildings Polic ies Promotion Energy Policies Polic ies  Waste Reduc tion and  Ozone 2 Emissions  CO  Waste Rec ycling Clean and Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint Nitrogen Dioxide Rec ycling Clean Air Polic ies Consumption  Water  Green Building  S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Sustainable Cities Climate Change European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Partic ulate Matter  Munic ipal Waste Renewable Energy Partic ulate Matter  Water Management  Water Management Management Management Nature and Biodiversity partic ulate matter) PM 2.5 )  Green Land Use Polic ies  Air Quality (level of Food Produc tion Residential Buildings Promotion Energy Policies Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport  Biodiversity Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Energy Consumption of Green Transport Clean and Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Consumption Building  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Sustainable Cities Climate Change European Green European  Ambient Green Air Quality (NO 2 )  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Renewable Energy Management Management S ystem Leakages  Buildings S tandards Consumption  Energy-effic ient partic ulate matter)  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient Green Land Use Polic ies  Air Quality (level 2 Emissions Intensity Polic ies Reduc tion and Energy Policies Reduc tion and Ozone Biodiversity 2 CO  Nitrogen Dioxide  Waste Rec ycling  Clean and Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Nitrogen Dioxide Waste Rec ycling Consumption Water Building  Waste Water Treatment  of Waste Water Treatment Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Sustainable Cities Change European Ambient Air Quality 2 )Buildings  S ulfur Dioxide  Partic ulate Matter  Munic ipal Waste  Renewable Energy Partic ulate Matter partic ulate matter)  Energy Consumption S ize ofand Non-car Transport Green Land Polic iesChange: Mitigation  Air Quality (level of (NO  Food Produc tion Residential Promotion Energy Policies Green CityGreen Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c arient Transport  Water Effic ienc y Green and Buildings Initiatives Biodiversity Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Clean Effic Index Ec ological Footprint  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating SCapital ustainable Land Capital Award  Climate Award Change: Mitigation  Use Climate Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Consumption Building Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Sustainable Cities Change S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Renewable Energy  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 tion S trategy  CO  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient partic ulate matter) Air (level of Energy Performanc Polic ies Food Produc tion 2 Reduc Intensity Polic ies Reduc tion and Energy Policies  Waste Reduc tion andLand 2Quality Emissions  CO Biodiversity and Adaptation 2 Emissions  CO Nitrogen Dioxide  Waste Rec ycling Clean and Effic ient Index Award Ec ological Footprint Capital Climate Change: Mitigation Nitrogen Dioxide  Energy Performanc e  e Inc orporating S ustainable Inc orporating S ustainable Land Consumption Water  Green Building  S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Sustainable Cities Change  S ulfur Dioxide  Energy Intensity Network Partic ulate Matter Renewable Energy partic ulate matter) Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport Green Land Use Polic ies  Air Quality (level of Food Produc tion Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Energy Policies Use Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Biodiversity Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives and Adaptation and Adaptation  Clean and Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Wastewater  Energy Effic ient Consumption Green Building Wastewater Treatment EnergyReduc Effic Sustainable Cities  ient Climate Change  Clean Air Polic ies S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption Treatment Energy-effic 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient partic ulate matter) 2 Intensity  CO Air (level of Polic  Food Produc tion Nature and Biodiversity 2 CO Polic ies  Waste tion and Energy Policies Use Use 2Quality Emissions Biodiversity and 2 Emissions  Nitrogen Dioxide Rec ycling Clean Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint Nitrogen Dioxide Consumption  WaterPolic  Green Building  Energy Consumption of Green  y ies Green Transport  S ulfur Dioxide Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Partic ulate Matter Intensity Network Partic ulate Matter Renewable  Consumption  S izeInitiatives ofand Non-car Transport partic ulate matter)  Energy Consumption Sand ize of Non-car Transport  Adaptation Air (level of Energy Food Produc tion Nature and Biodiversity Energy Nature and Biodiversity CityQuality Index Treatment ies Use Non-c ar Transport Energy Policies Use Green City Index Treatment ies  Use of Non-c arient Transport Water Effic ienc Buildings  Biodiversity  Water Effic iencLeakages y and Buildings Initiatives Clean and Effic Index Ec ological Footprint  Ozone  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Green Building Sustainable Cities  Climate Change  WaterPolic S ystem Buildings S tandards Clean Air Polic ies S ystem Leakages Buildings Softandards 2Quality Reduc tion S trategy CO Consumption Energy-effic ient 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy CO  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient partic ulate matter)  Munic ipal Waste 2 Intensity Air (level of Polic ies  Food Produc tion Nature and Biodiversity 2 Waste Reduc tion and Energy Policies 2 Emissions  CO Biodiversity 2 Emissions  CO Residential Buildings Promotion Nitrogen Dioxide  Clean and Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint Consumption  Water Green Building S ulfur Dioxide  Energy Consumption of  Green Transport  S ulfur Dioxide Intensity Network Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Partic ulate Matter Intensity Network Partic ulate Matter  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport partic ulate matter)  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport  Munic ipal Waste  Munic ipal Waste  Air Quality (level of  Food Produc tion Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport Energy Policies Green City Index Treatment Polic iesTreatment Use Non-c ar Transport  Water Effic ienc y Green and Buildings Initiatives Biodiversity Index  Ec ological Footprint  Wastewater Energy Effic ient  Ozone Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Building Clean Air Polic ies Cities Climate Change S ystem Leakages Sustainable Buildings Softandards Clean Air Dioxide Polic ies  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Produc tion 2 tion S trategy  CO partic ulate matter)  Munic ipal Waste 2Quality Intensity Air (level of Polic ies Food Produc tion 2 Reduc Intensity Energy Policies 2 Emissions  Green Land Use Polic ies  CO  Biodiversity Nitrogen Residential Buildings Promotion Nitrogen Dioxide Clean and Effic ient Index Ec ological Footprint WaterPolic  Green Building  Consumption of Transport S ulfur Dioxide  Energy Consumption of Green  Green Transport  S ulfur Dioxide Energy Intensity Network Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Partic ulate Matter Intensity Network Produc tion Produc tion  Consumption S ize of Non-car Transport partic ulate matter)  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport  Air Quality (level of Food Produc tion City Index Treatment ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Biodiversity Ozone Index Ec ological Footprint  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Ozone Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Green Building Waste Rec ycling Clean Air Polic ies Cities  Climate Change S ystem Leakages Sustainable Buildings S tandards Clean Air Dioxide Polic ies 2Quality Reduc tion S trategy  WaterBuildings Consumption Energy-effic ientulate Produc tion 2 Emissions Reduc tion S trategy  CO partic matter) 2  CO Air (level of Renewable Energy Food Produc tion Energy Policies 2  CO 2 Intensity Emissions Green Use Polic ies Residential Buildings Promotion Biodiversity Nitrogen Residential Promotion  Nitrogen Dioxide Index Ec ological Footprint WaterPolic  Green Building  Energy Consumption ofLand Transport  S ulfur Dioxide  Energy Consumption  Green Transport Waste ycling  Waste Rec ycling Intensity Network Sustainable Cities Climate Change Partic ulate Matter Intensity 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Footprint Water  Green Building  Energy Consumption of Transport  Energy Intensity Network Intensity Network Consumption S ize ofNon-c Non-car Transport  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport  WaterPolic Consumption Energy-effic ient Food Produc tion Green City Index Treatment ies  Use of arient Transport Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Polic ies  Biodiversity Ozone Index Ec ological Footprint Energy Policies Clean Air Polic ies Clean Air Polic ies Sustainable Cities Climate Change  Clean and Effic 2 Intensity Reduc tion S trategy  Consumption 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO Consumption Partic ulate Matter 2 CO  Renewable Energy  Renewable Energy  Water Consumption Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Polic ies  Energy-effic ient Food Produc tion 2 Emissions Green Building Land Use Land Polic ies Residential Promotion Biodiversity  Energy Consumption of   Green Transport WaterBuildings  Green  Consumption of Transport Intensity Network Energy Intensity 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(same as title of theme) and work now and in the future Consumer Goods and possibilities Toleranc e Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) S ervices Consumer Entertainment and rec reation Rec reationGoods and An environment that is both ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) PLC ODPM, UK 10 possibilities Requirements #10, 11, Diversity and ervices inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and In the themes above, the12first three SCultural are considered more environmental, the second th (same as title of theme) DCLG, UK (same as8,title of theme) Susta ina bility 2016, 492 15 of 25 Toleranc e PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Consumer Goods and inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes cle ODPM, UK Requirement #515 bility 2016, 8, 492 Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 of 25 15 of 25 (same as title of theme) Toleranc An environment that is both PLC Cultural possibilities and work nowSusta and ina in the future S ervices e laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from th Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 UKRec reation inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing15 and Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 Susta ina bility 2016,Entertainment 8, 492 15that of 25 of 25 and rec reation An environment is12 both ODPM, Requirements #10, 11, Cultural and DCLG, UK (same as theme) PLC Sustainability 2016, 8, 492 21 28 of (same asoftitle title ofthe theme) major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow specified the possibilities inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Entertainment and rec reation RecEntertainment reation and rec reation Toleranc e Cultural possibilities In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered PLC more environmental, the second PLC three UKRec reation DCLG, (same as title of theme) PLC and work now and in the future Consumer Goods and possibilities possibilities ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundr inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e Entertainment and rec reation Entertainment Rec reation and recSusta reation Rec Entertainment reation and rec reation Rec reation An environment that is (same both as title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 PLC socio-economic, and the PLC last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. PLC more With clearly Consumer S ervices andsorted work now and in the future Consumer Goods themes and Goods and possibilities possibilities possibilities inviting and enjoyable, where S ensecomprehensive of Wellbeing and reference. of(same indicators are into themes foraseasy and ODPM, UK Requirement #5 ODPM, UK Requirement #5 as title of theme) (same of theme) DCLG, UK (same 4. Indicators into inhabitant wellbeing-oriented themes: sports, leisure recreation/consumer goods andtitle services/cultural and as title of theme) laid out, weTable continue with Stepsorted 3 of the integrative collate all indicators from 10the ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 theand Cultural Diversity and want S ervices S ervices Consumermethodology: Goods and Consumer Goods andrec Consumer Goods and inhabitants would to live Work-Life Balanc ediversity Entertainment and reation Rec reation In 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second th ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) PLC Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 ofin25 Susta ina5) bility 2016, 8, 492Diversity of 25 Toleranc ework nowand tolerance/sense ofODPM, wellbeing and work-life balance. PLC Cultural possibilities UK Requirements 11, 12ODPM, UK Cultural Requirements #10, and11, 12 15 Cultural Diversity S ervices #10, and and thefirst futurethree are considered15more major global rankings/standards (Figure and follow the specified theme S ervices S ervices possibilities Susta ina bility 2016,urban 8, 492 sustainability ofIn 25 themes above, the environmental, thethemes secondcle th more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With (same asthe title2.10 ofIndicators theme) (same as title of theme) Table sorte15 d of into Susta ina bility 2016,Requirements 8, 492 25 e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Toleranc e how TolerancDiversity e Goods and An environment that is both PLC Cultural possibilities PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK #10, 11, 12 ODPM, UK Cultural Requirements Diversity #10, and 11, 12 Cultural and Consumer coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show these hundreds Susta ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 (same as title of theme) more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes cle (same as title of theme) ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) re source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. from th laid out, we continue withand Step 3 environmental of the integrative methodology: all indicators inviting enjoyable, where S of Wellbeing ina bility 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 collate Entertainment recisSusta reation RecEntertainment reation Toleranc eand e and Toleranc e and recisreation Rec reation An environment that both An environment that both PLC Cultural possibilities PLC Cultural possibilities PLC Cultural possibilities S ense ervices DCLG, UK Toleranc as title Sense of theme) 10continue themes above, the3(same firstthe three are considered more environmental, the second th PLC Susta ina bility 2016, 8,sorted 492 15 ofIn 25 the Entertainment recThemes reation Rec reation of indicators are intoand themes for easy and comprehensive PLC reference. Sports, Leisure and of Wellbeing laid we with Step integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the th major global urban sustainability (Figureand 5) and follow the specified inhabitants would want to liveout, Work-Life Balanc e and possibilities Cultural Diversity and PLC Susta inaisbility 2016,Entertainment 8, 492 15 of Tolerance 25 ofrankings/standards possibilities inviting and enjoyable, where S ense inviting of Wellbeing and enjoyable, and where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and Consumer Goods and Services and recisreation Rec reation An environment that both An environment that both An environment that is both ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural possibilities and Ranking/Standard DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) PLC Recreation Work-Life Balance Entertainment rec reation Rec reation more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes cle (same as title of theme) Lowering and work now in the Consumer Goods major urban (Figure 5) and follow the specified the Consumer Goods inhabitants would want where to live Work-Life inhabitants Balanc would eand want tofuture live global eand inviting and enjoyable, where possibilities S ense Wellbeing and PLC inviting andof enjoyable, S ense inviting of Wellbeing and enjoyable, and where S ense ofNatural Wellbeing and Toleranc e1 Balanc Entertainment Rec reation coverage inWork-Life Table tosustainability re-arrange allrankings/standards indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show howEnvironmental these hundr PLC Cultural Resource Environmental QualityTables ODPM, UK Requirement #5 Goods and Consumer ODPM, UK Requirement #5and rec reation DCLG, UK2. Indicators (same as title monitoring/natural ofpossibilities theme) possibilities DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same asThemes title ofcontinue theme) (same as title of theme) methodology: PLC Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Impact and Maintaining Table sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality laid out, we with Step 3 of the integrative collate all indicators from th Low Carbon Cities Framework ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) and work now and in the future and work now and in the future S ervices S ervices Consumer Goods inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e possibilities inhabitants would want to live Work-Life inhabitants Balanc would e want to live Work-Life Balanc e PLC Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation An environment that is both Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundr of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. S ervices ODPM, UK Requirement #5 GoodsSusta (same as title of theme) Consumer and ina bility 2016, 8, 492 possibilities PLC Carrying Capacity Susta ina 2016, 8, 492 15 of 25 15 of 25 rebility source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirement #5 (same as title of theme) and work now and in the future and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and S ervices major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified the Consumer Goods and possibilities inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Standard In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Green Capital Award Susta ina bility of 25(same of(same indicators sorted into15themes foraseasy and comprehensive reference. as title ofare theme) ODPM, European UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 2016, 8, 492 Cultural and ODPM, UK2016,Requirement #5 S ervices Diversity DCLG, UK title of theme) Consumer GoodsSusta and Susta ina bility 8, 492 ina bility 8,title 492Diversity 15live of 25 15 of 25 Toleranc eofGoods (same as theme) Toleranc e1 Balanc Cultural possibilities Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12PLC Cultural and ODPM, UK2016,Requirement #5 PLC Sare ervices Consumer and inhabitants would want to ewellbeing-oriented.  Wastethese hundr coverage inWork-Life Table to re-arrange all indicators into 10second themes. Tables show how In 12 the themes above, themore first Insocio-economic, three the 10 are themes considered above, more the first environmental, three considered the second more three environmental, thethemes three Toleranc e and the last four inhabitant With clearly PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK 10 Requirement #5 (same asmore title of theme) S ervices Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal2–4 quality monitoring/natural Green City Index Entertainment and rec reation Cultural Recpossibilities reation that is both Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation Toleranc e An environment (same as title of theme) Lowering Environmental An environment that is both PLC and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and S ervices  Low Carbon Buildin In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three In the 10 themes above, the first In three the 10 are themes considered above, more the first environmental, three are considered the second more three environmental, the second three PLC PLC of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc e Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation An environment that is both Natural Resource Environmental more and the Quality last more socio-economic, more inhabitant andwellbeing-oriented. the last more With inhabitant themes wellbeing-oriented. clearly With themes clearly (same as all titleindicators of theme) Cultural possibilities ODPM,Themes UK Requirements #10, 11,socio-economic, 12 Cultural Diversity andfour laid out, weScontinue with Step 3where offour the integrative from the 10 ntal carrying Table Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme quality monitoring/natural re source consumption/lowe ringcollate impact and maintaining capacity. possibilities possibilities inviting enjoyable, where ense of Diversity Wellbeing and PLC Impact and Maintaining inviting enjoyable, S2.ense of Wellbeing and Toleranc emethodology: Entertainment and rec reation Recand reation Entertainment and rec reation Rec reation An environment that both (same as title ofand theme) PLC Cultural possibilities ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11,is12 Cultural and  Green Transport DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) possibilities inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) PLC more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Toleranc e An environment that is both (same as title of theme) Subjective Wellbeing more socio-economic, and the last more four socio-economic, more inhabitant and wellbeing-oriented. the last four more With inhabitant themes wellbeing-oriented. clearly With themes clearly PLC Cultural possibilities Carbon theimpact Urban Greenery laid out, we continue with Step laid 3and oflive out, theglobal integrative weWork-Life continue methodology: with 3Low of collate the integrative allCities indicators methodology: from the5) 10and collate all indicators from theand 10 re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining carrying capacity. Sustainable Cities Index major urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure follow specified theme DCLG, UK (same as title theme) Consumer Goods Consumer Goods inhabitants would want to Balanc e Step possibilities possibilities Carrying Capacity inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc eand inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and Toleranc eof An environment that is both Cultural possibilities Infrastruc ture ODPM, UK Requirement #5 PLC ODPM, UK (same as Requirement title ofGoods theme) #5and (same as title Environmental of theme) In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more the second three Consumer inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc Standard DCLG, UK (same asintegrative title2. ofIndicators theme) inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing andout, An environment that is3global both laid out,UK we continue with Step of the integrative collate all indicators from the 10 Table sorte dTables into e nvironme ntal themes: eQuality nvironme monitoring/natural laid out, we continue with Step laid 3eand of the integrative we continue methodology: with Step 3Framework of collate the methodology: from the 10environmental, collate all indicators from the 10 ntal quality Lowering Environmental and work now and inisthe future ODPM, UK Requirement #5methodology: (same as all titleConsumer ofthe theme) S ervices Sindicators ervices and work now in5) the future major urban sustainability major rankings/standards global urban sustainability (Figure and rankings/standards follow specified (Figure theme 5) and follow the specified theme DCLG, (same as title of theme) Consumer Goods Goods and inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc eand inviting and enjoyable, where ense of Wellbeing and  Clean Vehic les coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. 2–4 show how these hundreds An environment that both Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality and work now and in the future ODPM, UK Requirement #5 ODPM, UK (same as Requirement title of theme) #5 S ervices  Waste DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Diversity Wellbeing and socio-economic, more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Impact and Maintaining re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and Lowering Environmental and work now and (Figure in the future major urban rankings/standards 5) and follow the specified theme Indicators for sustainability Sustainability S ervices S ervices major global urban sustainability major rankings/standards global urban sustainability (Figure 5) and rankings/standards follow the specified (Figure theme 5) and follow the specified theme DCLG,global UK (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and  Urban Greenery and coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange coverage all indicators in Table into 1 10 to themes. re-arrange Tables all indicators 2–4 show into how 10 these themes. hundreds Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. (same as title ofLow theme) (same as title Environmental of theme) Themes Natural Resource Quality  Diversity Carbon Buildings and work now and in theUK future ODPM, UK #10, 11,of Cultural and DCLG, (same asintegrative title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Requirements Work-Life e12PLC Carrying Capacity laid out, we continue with Step 312 of the methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Toleranc e Balanc Toleranc ethese Impact and Maintaining (same asshow titleCultural ofinto theme) PLC Cultural possibilities Cultural possibilities and work now and inhundreds the future ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, 12 Cultural Diversity and ODPM, UK Requirements #10, 11, Diversity and Environmental Quality inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange coverage all indicators in Table into 1 10 to themes. re-arrange Tables all indicators 2–4 how 10 themes. hundreds Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Standard In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring of indicators are sorted into themes of indicators for easy and are comprehensive sorted into themes reference. for easy and comprehensive reference. Toleranc e  ofGreen (same as title theme) (same as title of theme) PLC Cultural work now and in thefirst futurethree In the 10 and themes above, the arepossibilities considered more environmental, theTransport second three Toleranc e (Figure 5) and Sport and Leisure Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery andglobal Toleranc e An environment that is both An environment that is both Lowering Environmental PLC Cultural possibilities PLC Cultural possibilities and work now and in the future  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , major urban sustainability rankings/standards follow the specified theme Healthy Cities Indicators  Waste Produc tion a Insocio-economic, thefor10are themes above, the first three are considered more the second three Standard Infrastruc ture of indicators sortedabove, into easy and comprehensive reference. of themes indicators sorted intothe themes ofboth indicators for easy are comprehensive sorted into reference. for easy and comprehensive reference. more and last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality An environment that ismore  Waste socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2.and Indicators sorte dthemes into eenvironmental, nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme Insocio-economic, the 10are themes the first three considered more environmental, the second three Framework Environmental Quality inviting and enjoyable, where Sare ense of Wellbeing and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and ntal quality monitoring/natural Impact and Maintaining more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly An environment that is both An that is all both PM 2.5 )  Low coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds environment Clean Vehic les In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) WasteCarbon Buildin Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing and  Water Management Management more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme Table 2. ntal Indicators themes: sorte e nvironme d into ntal e nvironme quality ntal monitoring/natural themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 out, we continue with Step 3European of theasintegrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10(NO2 ) re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Insocio-economic, the themesand above, the first three considered more environmental, the second three DCLG, UK (same titleWork-Life of theme) inhabitants would want to Work-Life Balanclaid ewellbeing-oriented. inhabitants would want to live Balanc e and Carrying Capacity inviting enjoyable, where Sare ense of Wellbeing and inviting and enjoyable, where S ense of Wellbeing Green  Ambient Air Quality more and the last four more inhabitant With themes clearly laid out, we10continue with Step 3the oflive the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildin  Urban Greenery and In 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three Standard DCLG, UK DCLG, UK (same as title of theme) (same as title of theme) inhabitants would want to live Work-Life Balanc e  and Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas of indicators are sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. more and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Life Satisfaction Table 2. Indicators sorte d want into ewe nvironme ntal themes: ering nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Low Carbon Table 2. continue Indicators sorteBalanc d into eenvironmental nvironme Table 2.ntal Indicators themes: sorte ewould nvironme dthemes into ntal eenvironmental nvironme quality ntal monitoring/natural themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Urban Greenery and laid out, with Step 3ewellbeing-oriented. of the integrative methodology: collate allCities indicators from the5) 10 relast source consumption/lowe resocio-economic, source consumption/lowe impact and maintaining ring carrying capacity. impact maintaining carrying capacity. and work now and in the future and work now and in the future major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure and follow the specified theme inhabitants would to live Work-Life inhabitants want to live Work-Life Balanc e more socio-economic, and the four more inhabitant With themes clearly Infrastruc tureTransport laid out, we continue withmore Stepsocio-economic, 3 ofrankings/standards the and integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Environmental Quality Green work now and in the future major global urban sustainability (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable and the last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Framework Environmental Quality Time Devoted to Leisure and laid out, we continue with Step 3 of the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10 Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. re source consumption/lowe ring environmental re source consumption/lowe impact and maintaining ring environmental carrying capacity. impact and maintaining carrying capacity. and work nowmajor and in the future and work now and in the future and Adaptation global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme coverage Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into themes. Tables 2–4 how 10 these hundreds  Clean Vehic les in10Table 110 tothe re-arrange alltheme indicators into themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Infrastruc ture  Ambient Aircoverage Quality , follow Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality laid out, we continue with Step 3all ofin the integrative collate all indicators from the 10show  Low Carbon Buildin Use major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5)(PM and specified coverage in Table 1Index tosustainability re-arrange indicators into 10methodology: themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Personal Care Framework Environmental Quality  methodology: Waste Produc tion and all Impact and Maintaining Table 2. Indicators sorte d into ecollate nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal monitoring/natural laid out,first we continue with Step 3all of the integrative indicators from the5)10  Nature and Biodiversity Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure andquality follow the specified theme Better Life  Urban Greenery coverage in Table 1 to indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds In the 10 themes above, the three are considered more In the environmental, 10 themes above, the second the first three three are considered more environmental, the second three  Clean Vehic les and Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring PM 2.5re-arrange ) of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Themes Natural Resource Environmental Natural Resource Quality Environmental Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference.  Green Transport major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme coverage in Table re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds In the 10 themes above, the first three are considered more environmental, the second three 1 tosustainability Water Management Management Carrying Capacity Employees Working Very of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Low Carbon Cities  Greenery and  Munic ipal Waste and Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Environmental Quality coverage in2Environmental 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show howUrban these hundreds  Urban European Green are Ambient Air Quality (NO )Table Standard Insocio-economic, the 10 themes above, the first three considered more In the environmental, 10 themes above, the second the first three three are considered more environmental, the second three Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring Infrastruc tureGreenery ofWater indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality more and the last four more inhabitant more wellbeing-oriented. socio-economic, With and themes the last clearly four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly Themes Themes Natural Resource Natural Resource Quality Environmental Quality 1 toWaste Treatment  Green Urban Areas coverage in Table re-arrange all indicators into 10the themes. Tables 2–4 show how hundreds Long Hours Framework Impact Environmental Quality Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Impact andthese Maintaining of indicators are sorted into themes for easy  and comprehensive reference. Produc tion and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining more socio-economic, and last four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes clearly  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Quality Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds  Waste  Clean Vehic lestion a Standard Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Consumption Monitoring of arethemes: sorted into for easy and comprehensive reference. more socio-economic, and the last four more inhabitant more wellbeing-oriented. socio-economic, With and themes the last clearly four more inhabitant wellbeing-oriented. With themes  Waste Table 2. sortemethodology: d into eindicators nvironme ntal eCapacity nvironme quality monitoring/natural laid out, we continue with Step 3 offor the integrative laid out, collate we continue all indicators with Step from 3ntal the the 10integrative methodology: collate all indicators from clearly the 10 Table 2.Monitoring Indicators sorte dthemes into eof nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural  Energy Performanc e Indicators Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Produc Rec ycling Carrying Carrying Capacity Carrying of indicators are sorted into easy andAdaptation comprehensive reference. Lowering Environmental Table 2. Indicators sorte dthemes into nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural PM 2.5 Ambient )Capacity laid out,ewe continue with Step 3 offor the integrative methodology: collate all indicators from the 10  Air Quality (PM 10 , and Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery  Waste  Waste Standard Standard Standard of indicators are sorted into themes easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Natural Environmental Quality  methodology: Water Management Management  Waste Produc tionand a Use Table 2. Indicators sortemethodology: d into eenvironmental nvironme themes: eResource nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural laid out, we continue with Step ofrankings/standards the integrative laid out, collate wental continue all indicators with Step from 3European of the the 10integrative collate all indicators from the 10(NO2 ) re 3 source consumption/lowe ring impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Reduc tion an re5)source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability (Figure major global and follow urban the sustainability specified theme rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the theme Impact and Maintaining Green  Ambient Air Quality  Nature and and Biodiversity Table 2. Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntalsustainability themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural PM 2.5 ) specified  Green Transport Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring impact maintaining carrying capacity. Low Carbon Buildings Low Carbon Buildings  Waste major global urban rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme  Waste  Waste Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Cultural Availability Water Management Management Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Polic ies re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. major global urban sustainability rankings/standards (Figure major 5) global and follow urban the sustainability specified theme rankings/standards (Figure 5) and follow the specified theme Carrying Capacity Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation coverage in2.Table 1 to re-arrange indicators into 10 themes. coverage Tables in2–4 Table show to how re-arrange these hundreds all indicators into 10Transport themes. Tables 2–4 show these hundreds European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ), 1 monitoring/natural Munic ipal Waste Infrastruc ture how (PM 10 Table Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme themes: e nvironme ntal quality Green Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings re source consumption/lowe ringall and maintaining carrying capacity. Environmental Low Buildings  Low Carbon Buildings Standard Carbon Energy Performanc e Lowering Inc orporating S ustainable coverage in 1ntal to impact re-arrange all indicators into 10 themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Framework Quality Food and Drink Level of Corruption Waste Produc tion a Table 2.Table Indicators sorte into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Low Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and monitoring/natural Urban Greenery and Treatment Lowering Environmental re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Environmental and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change:  Clean Vehic les coverage in Table 1 to re-arrange all indicators into 10dthemes. coverage Tables in 2–4 Table show 1 to how re-arrange these hundreds all indicators into 10Transport themes. Tables 2–4 show how these hundreds Produc tion Partic ulate MatterMitigation Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture PM 2.5 ) of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive of indicators reference. are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Green Transport Lowering Environmental  Green Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste Use  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Sporting Availability Management Management Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Consumer Goods Social or Impact and Maintaining Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality of indicators are sorted into themes for easy and comprehensive reference. Low Carbon Cities Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and Impact and Maintaining re source consumption/lowe ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity. Lowering Environmental  Urban Nature and Biodiversity Liveability Ranking and Adaptation  Waste Rec ycling  Greenery and  Vehic les  Clean Vehic les European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  S ulfur Dioxide Ranking/ Monitoring Infrastruc ture Impact and Maintaining Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring of indicators are sorted into themes for easyConsumption and comprehensive of indicators reference. are and sorted into themes for easy andClean comprehensive reference. Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Low Carbon Buildings Lowering Environmental Use Maintaining Waste Water Treatment Lowering  Green Urban Areas Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient FrameworkThemes Natural Environmental Quality Religious Restrictions Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Impact and Resource Environmental Quality Environmental  Munic ipal Waste Nature and Biodiversity  Services Waste Reducles tion and Award Environmental Quality Capital Climate Change: Mitigation  Nitrogen Dioxide  Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and  Clean Vehic  Clean Vehic les  Clean Vehic les Standard Carrying Capacity Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Impact and Maintaining  monitoring/natural Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Table 2. Indicators sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme Table ntal 2. quality Indicators monitoring/natural sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Standard Level of Censorship Ranking/ Themes Natural Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Impact and Maintaining ResourceTable 2. Indicators Environmental Quality Lowering Environmental Produc tion  Munic ipal Waste Polic ies  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , sorte d into e nvironme ntal themes: e nvironme ntal quality monitoring/natural Environmental Quality Environmental Quality and Adaptation 2 Emissions  Waste COProduc  Urban Greenery and Monitoring Greenery and  Urban Greenery  Waste  Waste Standard Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Consumption Carrying Capacity Impact and Maintaining Resource Quality  tionand and Use Table 2. Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironmeNatural ntal impact themes: e nvironme Table ntal2.Environmental quality Indicators sorte d into eenvironmental nvironme ntalUrban themes: eQuality nvironme quality monitoring/natural Green City Index Treatment Polic iesntal carrying  Use of Non-c ar Tran re source consumption/lowe ringThemes and maintaining re source carrying consumption/lowe capacity. ring impact and maintaining capacity.  Waste Framework Environmental Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity Impact Maintaining  Waste  Water Consumption  monitoring/natural Energy-effic ient Produc tion Rec ycling PM 2.5 )andCarbon Nature and Biodiversity 2 Intensity  Low CO  impact Ambient Air Quality (PM 10carrying ,  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Low Buildings re source consumption/lowe ring environmental and maintaining capacity.  Carbon Buildings Clean Vehic les Waste Standard Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Carrying Capacity  Partic ulate Matter  Water Management Management  Energy Consumption  S ize ofReduc Non-car  Waste Produc tion and  Waste Produc tion and Low Carbon Buildings re source consumption/lowe ringLeakages environmental impact and maintaining re source carrying consumption/lowe capacity. ring environmental impact and maintaining carrying capacity.  Waste tionTran an Standard Carrying Capacity  Waste  Water S ystem Buildings S tandards European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) 2 Reduc tion S trategy COGreenery Munic Rec ipal ycling Waste PM ) PM 2.5 ) Carbon  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , 2.5 Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Ambient AirBuildings Quality (PM 10 , Green Transport Green Transport  Low   Green Urban and  Waste Standard  S ulfurManagement Dioxide Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas  Produc Energy Intensity Network  Water Water Management Management Management Restaurants  Waste Produc tion and  Waste tion and  Waste Produc tion and Media Availability Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Green Transport Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery  Low Carbon Buildings Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental Polic ies Waste  Waste Reduc tion an  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Clean Air Polic ies European Green European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Produc tion Theatres Infrastruc ture PM 2.5 ) Low Carbon Cities Natural Resource  Waste UrbanWater Greenery and Themes PM 2.5 ) Natural PM 2.5 ) Environmental Infrastruc ture Environmental Themes Quality Resource Quality Green Transport  Low Carbon Buildings Lowering Environmental Waste  Nitrogen Dioxide Energy e Inc orporating SQuality ustainable  Censorship Energy Consumption of  Green Transport Environmental Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Green Urban Areas Land Framework Environmental Quality  Water Management Management and Infrastruc ture Water Management Water Management Management Management Framework Environmental Quality Availability ofPerformanc Food/Daily Impact and Maintaining Impact and Maintaining Low Carbon  Urban Greenery and Green Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Low Carbon Buildings Lowering Environmental Lowering Environmental  Water Effic ienc y Cities and Buildings Initiatives Polic ies and Adaptation  Ozone Capital Award Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Climate Change: Mitigation  Waste Rec ycling  Clean Vehic les European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Framework Environmental Quality European Green European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Clean Vehic les Cinemas Ranking/ Ranking/ Consumption Monitoring Consumption Monitoring Infrastruc ture  (PM 10 , Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and Impact and Maintaining  Partic ulate Matter  orporating Green Urban Transport Themes Natural Resource Environmental Quality Natural Resource Quality Environmental LowResidential Carbon Buildings CO 2 Emissions Use Quality-of-Living Report Buildings Promotion Energy Performanc e Themes Energy Performanc e Inc orporating Sand ustainable LandLeakages Inc S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment Consumption  Green Urban Areas  Clean Vehic les  Waste Water Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Green Areas Consumption Items Framework Environmental Quality Waste Produc tion and Limitations on Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Monitoring Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and Impact and Impact and Maintaining Sand ystem Buildings S tandards  Green Transport Vehic Water Consumption Energy-effic Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use ofMaintaining Non-c ar Transport  Nature Biodiversity  Waste Reducient tion an and and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Capital Award Capital Award  Adaptation Climate Change: Mitigation  Climate Change: Mitigation Monitoring Urban Greenery  Greenery and  Clean les Framework Environmental Quality Standard Standard PM 2.5 ) Capacity Sports and Leisure Infrastruc ture Ranking/ Ranking/ Monitoring Consumption Carrying  Urban S ulfur Dioxide Low Carbon Cities Consumption Urban Greenery and  Green Transport Partic ulate Matter 2 Intensity  CO  Green Land Use Use  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Urban Greenery and  Energy Performanc e  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Clean Vehic les Personal Freedom Water Management Management Framework Environmental Quality Cars Standard  Wastewater Treatment  Energy EfficUse ient Po Infrastruc ture Carrying Capacity Carrying Capacity Low Carbon Cities  Urban Greenery and  Energy Consumption  Sand ize of Non-car Transport  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards  Munic ipal Waste  Nature Biodiversity  Nature and Biodiversity Polic ies Environmental Quality and Adaptation and Adaptation and Adaptation Environmental Quality Urban Greenery and European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Vehic les  Waste   Clean Waste Nitrogen Dioxide Framework Environmental Quality Standard Standard Infrastruc ture tion S trategy  CO 2 Reduc S ulfur Dioxide  Renewable Energy Use Environmental Quality Use  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas  Urban Greenery and  ipal Water Effic ienc y and Use Buildings Initiatives  Clean Vehic les  Waste Framework Environmental Quality  Energy Intensity Network Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient Produc tion  Water Consumption  Energy-effic  Clean Munic Waste   Green Munic ipal Waste  Nature and Biodiversity  Nature and Biodiversity Nature and Biodiversity Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Environmental Quality Capital Climate Change: Mitigation Low Carbon Buildings Low Carbon Buildings  Urban Greenery and  Vehic les 2 Emissions CO  Waste  Waste Nitrogen Dioxide  Clean Air Polic ies Award Consumption  Partic ulate Matter  Waste Produc tion and  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 ,  Waste Produc tion and Environmental Quality  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Low Carbon Buildings Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c  Urban Greenery and  ipal Water Effic iencLeakages y and  Buildings S Initiatives  Energy Consumption of Green Transport  Waste Rec ycling  Water ystem Buildings tandardsar Tran Produc Produc tion Munic ipal Waste  Waste Produc tion  Munic WasteS Munic ipal Waste PM PM 2.5 )tion  2.5 )Ambient AirCarbon Quality (PMand 10 , Adaptation Environmental Quality Green Transport Green Transport Intensity  Low Buildings  Carbon Buildings and Urban Greenery and Ozone 22 Emissions  Low CO  Clean and Effic ient S ulfur Dioxide  Management Management PM 2.5Water )Street Life Tolerance  Water Management Management  Waste Produc tion and Use  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Low Carbon Cities Residential Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery  Energy Consumption S ize of Non-car Tran Environmental Quality  Green Transport Buildings Promotion Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of ar Tran  Waste Reduc tion and  Rec Wastewater Treatment EnergyNon-c Effic ient  Waste ycling ycling European Green  Air (NOand 2) Produc tion LifeWater Management Management Produc tion Produc tion European Green Ambient AirBiodiversity Quality (NO 2 ), Nature and  Waste Produc tion on aQuality Sunday Infrastruc ture Infrastruc ture 22 Reduc tion S trategy  Green CORec PM 2.5 Ambient )Dinner (PM 10 Low Carbon Cities  Waste  Urban Greenery andTreatment Environmental Quality  Green Transport  Transport Intensity Energy Policies  Nitrogen Dioxide Quality of Survey Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Waste Water  Green Urban Areas Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality  Energy Intensity Network Management Management Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5Water )Bookshops Culture Infrastruc ture  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Low Carbon Cities  Low Carbon Cities Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and Consumption  S ize of Non-car Tran  Green Land Use Polic ies Polic ies  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives  Waste Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion and Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation Waste Rec ycling Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas RecChange: ycling Mitigation Rec ycling Capital Award    Clean lestion  Vehic les European Green Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ),  Munic ipal Waste Water Management Management Framework Environmental Quality Clean Air Polic ies  Waste Produc PM 2.5 Climate ) Infrastruc tureVehic Infrastruc ture (PMand 10 22Quality Reduc tion SLand trategy  Clean CO Air (level of Emissions  CO Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e (NO 2 ) Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Energy Performanc eCity Index Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas European Green Ambient Air Quality  Clean Vehic les  Energy Consumption ofManagement  Green Transport Water Reduc Management Framework Framework Environmental Quality Environmental Quality Waste Produc tion and Intensity Network  Renewable Energy PM 2.5 )  Consumption  Energy-effic ient Green Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Tran Polic ies Polic ies  Waste tion and  Waste Reduc tion and Waste Reduc tion and and Adaptation Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land and Adaptation Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and  Ozone Produc tion European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )  Clean Vehic les   Clean Vehic Water Management PM 2.5 )Management Clean Airles Polic ies Partic ulate Matter 2 Intensity CO partic ulate matter) Use Capital Award  Adaptation Climate Change: Mitigation Residential Buildings Promotion and Energy Performanc e (NO 2 Inc S ustainable Land  ies Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Urban Greenery and Consumption European Green Ambient Air Quality ) Water Management Management  Energy ofUse Green SUrban ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Consumption  S ize ofTransport Non-car Tran  Water Consumption  Water Consumption orporating Energy-effic ient  Energy-effic ient Nature and Biodiversity Polic Use Polic Nature and Biodiversity Environmental Environmental Quality Waste Rec ycling Capital Award and Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc Inc orporating SQuality ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Areas Urban Greenery and  Urban Greenery and European Greene  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 )Land Polic ies Ozone  iesS ulfurulate Dioxide 2 Reduc tion SLand trategy CO Sustainable Cities Climate Change  Adaptation Partic ulate Matter Partic Matter  Adaptation Nature and Biodiversity Use and Environmental Quality  Green Building Land Use Po Capital Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas Residential Buildings Promotion  Clean and Effic ient Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Intensity Network Water  Green S ystem Leakages S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards Buildings S tandards  Water Consumption  Energy-effic ient  Water Consumption  Water Consumption Energy-effic ient Energy-effic ient  Munic ipal Waste  Munic ipal Waste  Nature and Biodiversity Waste Reduc tion and Use  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10,  Adaptation Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , and Environmental Environmental Quality Capital Award e Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc Inc orporating SQuality ustainable Land  Nitrogen Dioxide Index  Waste Ec ological Footprint Clean Air Polic ies S ulfur Dioxide S ulfurulate Dioxide  Adaptation Partic ulate Partic ulate Matter Partic Matter Munic ipal Waste  Nature andMatter Biodiversity  Waste Produc tion and  Produc tion and  Renewable Energy Use  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Energy Policies Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Use Po  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Energy Consumption  Green Land Transport Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Effic ient  Water S ystem Leakages  Buildings S tandards and ystem Leakages  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings S tandards S tandards Produc Produc tion Munic ipal Waste Polic ies  Nature and Biodiversity  Waste Produc tion and (PM 10 , ofBuildings PM 2.5Water ) ulfurS Dioxide PM 2.5 )tion Use  Ambient Air Quality (PM 10 , Adaptation Ambient Air Quality and 2 Emissions  CO Ozone  Biodiversity Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide  S S ulfur Dioxide  S ulfur Dioxide Produc tion Consumption  Munic ipal Waste  Water Management  Water Management Management Management  Water Nature and Biodiversity Waste Produc tion and  Waste Produc tion and PM 2.5 ) Use Air Quality (level of Index  Renewable Energy Green City Treatment Polic ies Use of Non-c ar Transport Residential Buildings Promotion Effic ienc y and Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Buildings Initiatives  Wastewater Treatment Energy Effic ient  Wastewater Treatment  Wastewater Treatment  Energy Effic ient  Energy Effic ient Waste Rec ycling Waste Rec ycling Water Consumption European Green  2.5Water Ambient Air European Quality Green (NO 2 )  2.5 CO Ambient Air Quality (NO 2 ) Produc tion22 Emissions   Energy-effic Munic ipalProduc Waste tion  Management Management  Nature and Biodiversity PM ) PM )Partic Intensity Food 2 Emissions CO  Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Dioxide Nitrogen Waste Rec ycling  Use ulateDioxide Matter  Waste Water Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas  Clean Effic Produc tion European Green  Ambient Air Quality (NO 2) Consumption Munic ipal Waste Water Management Water Management Management Management particWater ulate matter)  Energy Consumption  S izeS of Non-car Transport  Greenand Land Useient Po Green City Green City Index Treatment Polic ies Treatment Polic ies  of Non-c arQuality Transport Use of Non-c ar Transport  Water Effic ienc yIndex and Buildings Initiatives  Effic ienc y and  Water Effic ienc y and Buildings Initiatives Buildings Initiatives Reduc tion and  Waste Reduc tion and Capital Award  Climate Change: Capital Mitigation Award  Green Climate Change: Mitigation Waste Rec ycling  Water S ystem Leakages Buildings tandards  Waste Water Treatment  Urban Areas Produc tion European Green Ambient Air European Quality Green (NO 2) Ambient Air (NO 2 ) Munic ipal Waste Reduc tion S trategy CO 2 Emissions Intensity 22 Emissions Intensity 2 Emissions  CO  Waste Reduc tion and 2 2  CO  CO Energy Policies S ulfur Dioxide Rec ycling Capital Award Climate Change: Mitigation Energy Performanc e Energy Performanc e Inc orporating S ustainable Land Inc orporating S ustainable Land  Waste Water Treatment  Waste Water Treatment  Green Urban Areas  Green Urban Areas Sustainable Cities  Climate Change Clean and Effic ient Intensity Network Produc tion  Renewable Energy  Energy Consumption  Energy Consumption  S ize of Non-car Transport  S ize of Non-car Transport Green City Index Treatment Polic ies  Use of Non-c ar Transport Green City Index GreenMitigation City Index Treatment Polic iesCapital Treatment Polic iesTreatment Inc Use of Non-c ar Transport Use of Rec Non-c ar Transport Polic ies Polic ies  Waste Reduc tion and  Wastewater  Energy Effic ient and Adaptation and Adaptation Waste ycling Capital Award  Climate Change: Award  Climate Change: Mitigation  Energy Performanc e orporating S ustainable Land  Water  Green Building Produc tion Clean Air Polic ies 2 Reduc tion S trategy 2 Reduc tion S trategy  CO  CO 2 Intensity  CO Intensity 2 Intensity Polic ies  S ize Nitrogen Dioxide Reduc tion andeLand Use Use S Quality (levelLand of and Adaptation Index Ec ological Footprint Energy Policies  Waste ycling  Energy Performanc e  2orporating Energy Performanc Inc S ustainable Inc S ustainable Consumption  orporating Green Consumption Intensity Intensity Network Network  Energy Consumption  SWater ize ofRec Non-car Energy Consumption Energy Consumption of Non-car  izeAir ofTransport Non-car  Water Consumption Energy-effic ientTransport  Consumption Energy-effic ientTransport Effic ienc yTransport and of  Buildings Initiatives PLC


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4.4. Global Rankings/Standards of Urban Sustainability: A Synthesis Framework Steps 1–3 of the integrative methodology have been completed in Subsection 4.1, Subsection 4.2 and Subsection 4.3: ‚ ‚ ‚

Step 1: Define sustainable urban development through literature review. Step 2: In line with the definition developed in this study, select 10 global rankings/standards of urban sustainability. Step 3: Collate all indicators from the 10 rankings/standards and sort them into 10 themes according to the specified theme coverage established in this study: (1) Natural Resource Consumption; (2) Environmental Quality Monitoring; (3) Lowering Environmental Impact and Maintaining Carrying Capacity; (4) A Sound Socio-economic Environment; (5) Adequate Infrastructure; (6) Development Strategy Considering Both Human and Natural Environment; (7) Sports, Leisure and Recreation; (8) Consumer Goods and Services; (9) Cultural Diversity and Tolerance; and (10) Sense of Wellbeing and Work-Life Balance. Now, this subsection further proposes the following as the final two steps:

‚

‚

Step 4: Integrate the 10 themes into three dimensions: (1) Environmental Quality and Carrying Capacity (Themes 1–3); (2) Environmental Management and Development Strategy (Themes 4–6); and (3) Lifestyles of Sustainability (Themes 7–10). The three dimensions correspond directly to the definition of sustainable urban development proposed in this study: to maintain environmental quality and carrying capacity, to support socio-economic development and management, and to provide sufficient services and livelihoods to all current and future residents. Step 5: Produce a synthesis framework of sustainable urban development (Figure 6).

Sustainable development has often been identified as composed of economic, social, and environmental goals [112]. However, “a paradigm that does not have a central focus on human health and wellbeing may fail to recognize the critical systemic relationships involved and thus the opportunities for identification of strategies that generate cobenefits” [113]. In other words, a focus primarily on environment or economy may risk excluding inhabitants’ comfort or wellbeing from the benefits of sustainable development of cities. To ensure successful and sustainable urban environmental planning, an interwoven approach that addresses concerns in natural environment and resources, infrastructure and socio-economic development, and inhabitants’ wellbeing should be adopted. The three aspects must receive equal attention and importance. The framework proposed in this study addresses exactly the three aspects. It is a synthesis of existing approaches, incorporating the 10 rankings/standards advocated by international and regional organizations. It overcomes the heterogeneity of a myriad of indicators currently offered and addresses a certain confusion surrounding the topic of sustainable urban development. Careful reference to all the three dimensions and the 10 themes of the framework will enable environmental planning that exemplifies a balanced intersection among various sustainability goals. Indicators from multiple urban sustainability approaches are collated and sorted into specific themes for ease of quick reference and possible selection. More indicators can be added or removed in accordance with emerging needs or gained experience and that allows policy and decision makers to customize their best practices in individual cases. For any existing environmental planning policies or programs, the synthesis framework with all its components can also serve as a checklist to assess the policy strengths and weaknesses.

4–6); and (3) Lifestyles of Sustainability (Themes 7–10). The three dimensions correspond directly to the definition of sustainable urban development proposed in this study: to maintain environmental quality and carrying capacity, to support socio‐economic development and management, and to provide sufficient services and livelihoods to all current and future residents. Sustainability 2016, 8, 492 23 of 28  Step 5: Produce a synthesis framework of sustainable urban development (Figure 6).

Figure 6. Sustainable urban development—a synthesis framework with three dimensions and ten

Figure 6. Sustainable urban development—a synthesis framework with three dimensions and themes. ten themes.

Sustainable development has often been identified as composed of economic, social, and

5. Conclusions environmental goals [112]. However, “a paradigm that does not have a central focus on human health and wellbeing may fail to recognize the critical systemic relationships involved and thus the Since many countries are moving into a fast-growing and transforming stage, there is global opportunities for identification of strategies that generate cobenefits” [113]. In other words, a focus dialogue and consensus that urbanization will continue to bring about compelling global and primarily on environment or economy may risk excluding inhabitants’ comfort or wellbeing from localthe changes. To adapt and respond to changes, the study has hence collected major global urban benefits of sustainable development of cities. To ensure successful and sustainable urban sustainability rankings/standards and provided a newly devised synthesis framework of sustainable environmental planning, an interwoven approach that addresses concerns in natural environment urban development with 10 themes and three dimensions. In summary, it has: and resources, infrastructure and socio‐economic development, and inhabitants’ wellbeing should be adopted. The three aspects must receive equal attention and importance. ‚ enabled the idea of sustainability in various urban settlement theories to be explored through a The framework proposed in this study addresses exactly the three aspects. It is a synthesis of review of current notions in literature; existing approaches, incorporating the 10 rankings/standards advocated by international and ‚ regional approached the multifaceted concept sustainable urban development fromcurrently offered the perspectives of organizations. It overcomes the ofheterogeneity of a myriad of indicators policy-making, decision-making, and problem-solving processes to establish the essentiality of and addresses a certain confusion surrounding the topic of sustainable urban development. Careful reference to all the three dimensions and the 10 themes of the framework will enable environmental developing a synthesis framework; planning that exemplifies a balanced intersection various sustainability goals. Indicators ‚ re-organized and integrated major global urbanamong sustainability rankings/standards into newly from multiple urban sustainability approaches are collated and sorted into specific themes for ease and clearly defined dimensions and themes under a concise framework to help identify a more

‚

holistic approach to realizing the goal of livable, ecological, and sustainable cities; and devised a synthesis framework that is globally encompassing and adaptive for any cities to use in their policy-and-decision-making processes towards a sustainable future.

This project contributes to the ongoing discussion of urban sustainability. To facilitate truly sustainable urban development, we first inspected the evolution of views on human–environment relations in urban settlements theories to examine the interconnectedness between human societies and ecosystems. An original definition of sustainable urban development is offered, bringing a


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clearer understanding of this multidimensional phenomenon. We then examined the high degree of similarities between environmental planning and a decision process (including policy-making, decision-making, and problem-solving) to confirm the need to build a synthesis framework. Through the procedures explained earlier, we have established a synthesis framework based on integration of current approaches and concepts. The framework has managed to put some order in a broad and partly inconsistent literature. As underlying guidance, it will provide the conceptual and practical scaffolding for creating new policies and encourage more strategically organized efforts in sustainable environmental planning. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the reviewers for their thoughtful review and valuable comments. This research is financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, under the Grant number of MOST104-2621-M-305-001. Author Contributions: Both authors have made substantial contributions in conceptualizing the research design, reviewing and analyzing extensive literature, and developing and delivering the final research results. The final version has been approved by all authors. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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