the woman, the man, the girl, the boy

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THE GIRL, THE BOY. ANDREA GÖTZ. KÁROLI GÁSPÁR UNIVERSITY. 24 MAY 2018. TRANSLATION RESEARCH – TRANSLATOR TRAINING. MAY 24-26 ...
TRANSLATION RESEARCH – TRANSLATOR TRAINING MAY 24-26, 2018 | PPCU

THE WOMAN, THE MAN, THE GIRL, THE BOY Linguistic contrast and explicitation in personal reference

ANDREA GÖTZ KÁROLI GÁSPÁR UNIVERSITY 24 MAY 2018

PRESENTATION OUTLINE 01

topic: cross-linguistic differences in gendered

02

previous research: patterns of personal

03

present study: treatment of gendered 3sg

personal reference (EN-HU)

reference in translated discourse

English pronouns in translated Hungarian fiction

04

results: frequency differences, translation

05

summary and outlook: issues, suggestion

solutions

for categorisation

HUNGARIAN ENGLISH

Ő  HUMAN 3SG PERSONAL PRONOUN GENDER NEUTRAL 03

S/HE  3SG GENDERED PERSONAL PRONOUN

S/HE

Ő

SHE

MONDTA

SHE SAID

MOND-TA SAY-PST.3SG

HE

Ő  MONDTA

HE SAID 04

PN MOND-TA 3SG SAY-PST.3SG

HUNGARIAN Null-subjects are common, unmarked

MONDTA

E MOND-TA SAY-PST.3SG G

05

SAID

INTERFERENCE SHE SAID

MONDTA ≠Ő MONDTA

Overuse of personal pronouns is discouraged 06

INTERFERENCE Translator training  calls attention to cross-linguistic differences (Hungarian vs. English) in personal reference

07

INTERFERENCE 3rd person pronouns can "accidentally stay there" in translations by trainees

SHE SAID=MONDTA ≠Ő MONDTA (Klaudy 2009) 08

INTERFERENCE SHE SAID SAID THE GIRL, THE WOMAN

=MONDTA MONDTA A LÁNY, A NŐ

Not using pronouns could lead to explicitation 09

RESEARCH ENGLISH TO HUNGARIAN English pronouns are not translated 70-80% of the time operations include: omission, inserting pronouns, explicitation by nominal solutions

(Heltai and Juhász 2002) 10

RESEARCH ENGLISH TO HUNGARIAN English personal reference is equated with Hungarian verbal suffixes 55% of the time, and is omitted in 22% of the cases 77% of English personal reference  has no explicit correspondence

(Jenei 2008) 11

RESEARCH ENGLISH, ITALIAN, SLOVENE pronominal subjects are more frequent in translations from English (non-null subject language) they are more frequent in translated texts than in non-translated texts

(Pisanski Peterlin and Mikolic Juznic 2017) 12

RESEARCH ENGLISH TO SPANISH personal pronouns are not obligatory in Spanish translated texts overuse certain pronouns compared to original Spanish

(Ramón and Gutiérrez-Lanza 2018) 13

TRANSLATION "UNIVERSALS" CROSSLINGUISTIC DIFFERENCES 14

TARGET LANGUAGE NORMS

RESEARCH DESIGN RESEARCH GOALS

if 3g personal pn (ő) is less frequent in translations if gendered references are more frequent in translations if verbal suffixes cover the same percentage as in previous studies 15

RESEARCH DESIGN HYPOTHESES

3sg personal pronoun (ő) less frequent in translated texts explicit gendered references are more frequent in translations verbal suffixes correspond to 7080% of English pronouns 16

RESEARCH DESIGN CORPORA

Translated Fiction Corpus (TFC)

8 translated Hungarian novels English source texts (EFC) popular and literary fiction 679,676 words

Non-translated Fiction Corpus (NFC)

8 original Hungarian novels popular and literary fiction 678,238 words 17

RESEARCH DESIGN METHODS

Frequency (corpora) personal pns: 3 sg ő, s/he the woman/a nő, the man/a férfi, the girl/a lány, the boy/a fiú Target solution for s/he (per text) translation solutions for first 100 s/he of each text, 800-800 in total 18

RESULTS

 FREQUENCY OF S/HE AND Ő he

13,500

she

1311

1835

19.29

27.06

10,125 11,167

150.56

T

N

E

E

F

F

F

F

C

C

C

C

6,750

13,052 175.97

3,375

ő 19

ő

RESULTS

FREQUENCY OF THE WOMAN/A NŐ 150

108

103

1.59 100

76

1.02 E 50

27.06

F

T

N

F

F

C

C

C

the woman 20

0

a nő

a nő

RESULTS

FREQUENCY OF THE MAN/A FÉRFI 350

280

322

76

4.74

1.12

167 210

2.25

140

T F

E

21

C

C

the man 0

F

C

F 70

N

a férfi

a férfi

RESULTS

FREQUENCY OF THE GIRL/A LÁNY 650

628 520

9.24

390

T

217

218

F

2602 . 9 3

3.21

C

E

N

130

F

F

22

0

C

the girl

a lány

C

a lány

RESULTS

FREQUENCY OF THE BOY/A FIÚ 600

566 8.33

450

96 1.29 300

150

23

0

249

T

E

F

F

C

3.67

N

C

F

the boy

a fiú

C

a fiú

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS ő

is less frequent in translated, than in

non-translated texts all explicit gendered references are more frequent in translations, however the difference is only statistically significant in the case of a férfi

24

RESULTS 550

TRANSLATION SOLUTIONS: SHE verbal  suffix

for 800

440

tokens of she

65% 330

220

520

name 9.1%

110

73

ő 3.6% 29

250

a nő (the woman)

0.8% 6

a lány (the girl)

4% 32

RESULTS 550

TRANSLATION SOLUTIONS: HE verbal  suffix

for 800

440

tokens of he

66.6% 330

533 a férfi

220

110

260

name

ő

4.4%

2.8%

35

22

(the man)

3.9% 31

a fiú (the boy)

2.6% 21

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS verbal suffixes correspond to 65-66% of English gendered personal pronouns character names take up a larger percentage of correspondences than gendered references, and substitute nominal subjects e.g. mother, father, teacher, stranger

27

HYPOTHESES The 3sg personal pronoun (

ő)

less frequent

in translated texts. confirmed but not significant, tr: 19.3 vs. ntr: 27.06

Explicit gendered references are more frequent in translations. confirmed but only significant for a férfi/the man, tr: 4.74 vs. ntr: 1.12

Verbal suffixes do not correspond to 70-80% of English pronouns. not confirmed, but similar, she: 65%, he: 66.6%

28 28

I METHODOLOGICAL S S U E S different

texts

(register,

etc.)

have

different

e.g.

will

fiction

reference the

use

of

a

even

comparable

hard

to

compare

narrative

patterns

personal

strategically

identity

story,

29

can

genre,

to

conceal

character, texts

could

(depending

style)

etc. be

on

I METHODOLOGICAL S S U E S hard

to

studies

compare

(beyond

categories and

of

personal

results

between

frequency)

translation

reference

solutions

can

be

unclear e.g.

"deletion"

"shift

in

change

30

vs

subject"

in

the

"ellipsis"

can

subject

all

of

vs

refer a

to

clause

a

SHE SOLUTIONS 66% 9.1% 5.0% 4.8% 4.0% 3.6% 3.0% 3.0% 1.5%

31

1 P R E D I C A T E (VERBAL, NOMINAL) 2 PROPER NAME 3 DELETION 4 GENDERED REFERENCE 5 SHIFTING THE SUBJECT 6 3SG PRONOUN Ő 7 SUBSTITUTE NOUN 8 POSSESSIVE SUFFIX 9 MISC. PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE, DEMONSTRATIVE, RELATIVE, ETC.

HE SOLUTIONS

69.1% 6.5% 6.4% 4.4% 3.6% 3.5% 2.8% 2.6% 1.1% 32

1 P R E D I C A T E (VERBAL, NOMINAL) 2 GENDERED REFERENCE 3 DELETION 4 PROPER NAME 5 POSSESSIVE SUFFIX 6 SUBSTITUTE NOUN 7 3 SG PRONOUN Ő 8 SHIFTING THE SUBJECT 9 MISC. PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE, DEMONSTRATIVE, RELATIVE, ETC.

THANK YOU

REFERENCES Heltai, P., Juhász, G., 2002. A névmások fordításának kérdései angol–magyar és magyar–angol fordításokban. Fordítástudomány 2, 46–62. Jenei, G., 2010. The Contribution of Reference and Co-reference to Cohesion in English-Spanish and English-Hungarian translations. VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken. Klaudy, K., 2009. The Asymmetry Hypothesis in Translation Research, in: Dimitriu, R., Shlesinger, M. (Eds.), Translators and Their Readers. In Homage to Eugene A. Nida. Lés Éditions du Hazard, Brussels, pp. 283–303. Pisanski Peterlin, A., Mikolic Juznic, T., 2017. Contrasting pronominal subjects: A crosslinguistic corpus study of English, Italian and Slovene. Languages in Contrast. https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.16007.pis Ramón, N., Gutiérrez-Lanza, C., 2018. Translation description for assessment and postediting: The case of personal pronouns in translated Spanish. Target 30, 112–136. https://doi.org/10.1075/target.15098.ram