LARGE SCALE PATTERNS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND CONNECTIVITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA Alicia Dalongeville1,2, Marco Andrello1, Camille Albouy3, David Mouillot2, Stéphanie Manel1 1
CEFE UMR 5175, laboratoire Biogéographie et Écologie des Vertébrés, Montpellier. 2
MARBEC UMR 9190, Montpellier, France.
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Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada.
ICCB - ECCB August 4th 2015, Montpellier, France.
INTRODUCTION Threats on marine ecosystems Global map of cumulative human impact on marine ecosystems
• Growth of human activities • Overfishing
→ Conservation of marine biodiversity
Halpern et al. (2008)
→ Sustainable stock management
Where and how to protect ? 2
INTRODUCTION The Mediterranean Sea • Reservoir of biodiversity • Important socio-economic issues • Increasing conservation challenges
Map of Mediterranean MPAs
Guilhaumon et al. (2015) 3
INTRODUCTION Conservation strategies
Map of fish species richness
• Species richness
Map of fish phylogenetic diversity
Map of Mediterranean MPAs, Guilhaumon et al. (2015)
Map of fish functional diversity
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INTRODUCTION Conservation strategies
Map of fish species richness
• Species richness • Functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity • Genetic diversity and gene flow?
Map of Mediterranean MPAs, Guilhaumon et al. (2015)
Map of fish phylogenetic diversity
Map of fish functional diversity
Mouillot et al. (2011)
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INTRODUCTION Conservation strategies
Map of fish species richness
• Species richness • Functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity • Genetic diversity and gene flow?
Map of fish phylogenetic diversity
Conserve genetic diversity to conserve adaptive potential Map of Mediterranean MPAs, Guilhaumon et al. (2015)
Map of fish functional diversity
Mouillot et al. (2011)
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PATTERN OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Quantitative review of fish genetic diversity and its drivers in the Mediterranean Sea • • • •
Data from 39 published papers 31 fish species Microsatellite markers: expected heterozygosity (He) Mitochondrial markers: haplotype diversity (h)
Dalongeville et al. (in revision) 7
PATTERN OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA Multiple linear regression between He and 11 ecological traits (mobility, reproduction, habitat, morphology)
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PATTERN OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA Multiple linear regression between He and 11 ecological traits (mobility, reproduction, habitat, morphology)
Dalongeville et al. (in revision)
→ He increases with species mobility → Gene flow increases local diversity
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PATTERN OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA Multiple linear regression between He and 11 ecological traits (mobility, reproduction, habitat, morphology)
Dalongeville et al. (in revision)
→ He increases with species mobility → Gene flow increases local diversity
→ He decreases with body size → Diversity higher in large populations 10
PATTERN OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA
Regression of the residuals of the previous regression as a function of longitude
→ No spatial Pattern detected in the genetic diversity
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PATTERN OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA • Vertical distribution, migration and body size influence He • No multi-species spatial pattern
• Very few data for the Eastern basin
Dalongeville et al. (in revision) 12
GENETIC CONNECTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM EMPIRICAL DATA PhD project (2014-2017, SEACONNECT): Estimating genetic diversity, gene flow and genetic connectivity in the Mediterranean Sea 2 coastal fish species:
Red mullet (Mullus surmuletus)
White Seabream (Diplodus sargus)
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Demersal species Habitat: rocky and sand Reproduction: dioecious Pelagic Larval Duration: 28 – 35 days
Demersal species Habitat: rocky and sea grass Reproduction: protandrous Pelagic Larval Duration : about 30 days
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GENETIC CONNECTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM EMPIRICAL DATA PhD project: Estimating genetic diversity, gene flow and genetic connectivity in the Mediterranean Sea • 100 sampling sites • 10 individuals / site / species • SNPs for individuals
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GENETIC CONNECTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM EMPIRICAL DATA PhD project: Estimating genetic diversity, gene flow and genetic connectivity in the Mediterranean Sea • 100 sampling sites • 10 individuals / site / species • SNPs for individuals
Sampling team: Raquel Torres, Laure Velez, Jennifer Tournois, Eva Maire, Sebastien Villeger, Johanna Brun-Vitelli, Delphine Rocklin, Manuel Muntoni, Claire Seceh & Louis Nerriere. 15
GENETIC CONNECTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM EMPIRICAL DATA
PhD objectives
• Describe patterns of genetic diversity and structure.
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GENETIC CONNECTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM EMPIRICAL DATA
PhD objectives
• Describe patterns of genetic diversity and structure. • Compare gene flow to connectivity estimated from larval dispersal modeling (FISHCONNECT).
Probability of connection between MPAs
Andrello et al. (2013) PLoS ONE
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GENETIC CONNECTIVITY ESTIMATED FROM EMPIRICAL DATA
PhD objectives
• Describe patterns of genetic diversity and structure. • Compare gene flow to connectivity estimated from larval dispersal modeling. • Integrate these data in a multi-criteria approach of reserve design.
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REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Andrello M., Mouillot D., Beuvier J., Albouy C., Thuiller W., & Manel S. (2013) Low Connectivity between Mediterranean Marine Protected Areas: A Biophysical Modeling Approach for the Dusky Grouper Epinephelus marginatus. PLoS ONE, 8, e68564.
Supervisors: Stéphanie Manel, David Mouillot & Marco Andrello.
Dalongeville A., Andrello M., Mouillot D., Albouy C., Manel S. (in revision) Ecological traits shape genetic diversity patterns across the Mediterranean Sea: a quantitative review on fishes. Journal of Biogeography. Mouillot D., Albouy C., Guilhaumon F., Ben Rais Lasram F., Coll M., Devictor V., Meynard C.N., Pauly D., Tomasini J.A., Troussellier M., Velez L., Watson R., Douzery E.J.P., & Mouquet N. (2011) Protected and Threatened Components of Fish Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea. Current Biology, 21, 1044–1050.
Sampling team: Raquel Torres, Laure Velez, Jennifer Tournois, Eva Maire, Sebastien Villeger, Johanna Brun-Vitelli, Delphine Rocklin, Manuel Muntoni, Claire Seceh & Louis Nerriere. Lab team and collaborators: Véronique Arnal, Marie-Pierre Dubois, Camille Albouy, Amanda Xuereb, Stéphane Lobreaux, Christelle Melo de Lima & all of my CEFE’s co-workers. Funding: the Total foundation.
CONTACT Alicia Dalongeville:
[email protected] FISHCONNECT & SEACONNECT projects website: https://sites.google.com/site/projetfishconnect/
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