Tunable Q-factor Wavelet Transform for Extraction of ... - Science Direct

4 downloads 0 Views 704KB Size Report
Anil Kumar, Anand PraNash, Rajesh Kumark. Precision Metrology Laboratory ... Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia .... [3] M Singh, R Yadav, R Kumar. Discrete Wavelet ...
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845

*OREDO&ROORTXLXPLQ5HFHQW$GYDQFHPHQWDQG(IIHFWXDO5HVHDUFKHVLQ(QJLQHHULQJ6FLHQFHDQG 7HFKQRORJ\ 5$(5(67 

7XQDEOH4IDFWRUZDYHOHWWUDQVIRUPIRUH[WUDFWLRQRIZHDNEXUVWVLQ WKHYLEUDWLRQVLJQDORIDQDQJXODUFRQWDFWEHDULQJ $QLO.XPDU$QDQG3UDNDVK5DMHVK.XPDU  Precision Metrology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148 106, India

$EVWUDFW ,Q WKLV ZRUN IHDWXUH H[WUDFWLRQ PHWKRG PDNLQJ XVH RI WXQDEOH 4IDFWRU ZDYHOHW WUDQVIRUP 74:7  LV DSSOLHG IRU WKH HDVH RI GHWHFWLRQ RI EHDULQJ GHIHFW $FTXLUHG YLEUDWLRQ VLJQDO LV GHFRPSRVHG LQWR YDULRXV VXEEDQGV XVLQJ 74:7 7KHQ WKH VLJQDO LV UHFRQVWUXFWHG IURP WKH EDQG FRPSULVLQJ KLJKHVW HQHUJ\ )LQDOO\ HQYHORSH GHPRGXODWLRQ RI UHFRQVWUXFWHG VLJQDO LV FDUULHG RXW 'HIHFWIUHTXHQF\LVVSRWWHGIURPWKHHQYHORSHVSHFWUXPIRULGHQWLILFDWLRQRIGHIHFWLYHFRPSRQHQWLQWKHEHDULQJ ©‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI5$(5(67 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016 Keywords:7XQDEOH4IDFWRUZDYHOHWWUDQVIRUP 74:7 :DYHOHW7UDQVIRUP$QJXODUFRQWDFWEHDULQJ4IDFWRU

,QWURGXFWLRQ 5RWDWLQJ PDFKLQHV DUH ZLGHO\ XVHG LQ WKH LQGXVWULHV DQG DOZD\V SURQH WR IDLOXUH 7KHUH DUH PDQ\ UHDVRQV RI PDFKLQH IDLOXUH RXW RI ZKLFK EHDULQJ IDLOXUH LV RQH RI WKH PRVW FRPPRQ VRXUFH RI EUHDNGRZQ 9LEUDWLRQ EDVHG FRQGLWLRQPRQLWRULQJDUHXVHGWKHVHGD\VIRUGHWHFWLRQRIGHIHFWLQWKHPDFKLQHFRPSRQHQWVDQGUHGXFHWKHGDPDJH >@ :DYHOHWWUDQVIRUPVGXHWRLWVH[FHOOHQWEDQGSDVVILOWHULQJFKDUDFWHULVWLFVDUHXVHGIRUWKHGLDJQRVLVRIGHIHFWLQ WKHEHDULQJ>@+RZHYHUWKHSUREOHPZLWKFRQYHQWLRQDOZDYHOHWWUDQVIRUPLVWKDWWKH\KDYHFRQVWDQW4IDFWRU LH WKH\ KDYH D FRQVWDQW FHQWUDO IUHTXHQF\ WR WKH EDQGZLGWK  2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG 7XQDEOH 4IDFWRU ZDYHOHW WUDQVIRUP 74:7 LVDIRUPRIZDYHOHWWUDQVIRUPWHFKQLTXHZKRVHZDYHOHWVDUHHVVHQWLDOO\WXQDEOH,QWKHSUHVHQW 



&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ E-mail address:UDMHVKBNUV#UHGLIIPDLOFRPUDMHVKBNUV#VOLHWDFLQ

2212-0173 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of RAEREST 2016 doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.08.188

839

Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845

ZRUN74:7LVDSSOLHGWRLGHQWLI\GHIHFWVLQWKHDQJXODUFRQWDFWEHDULQJ74:7GHFRPSRVHVDVLJQDOLQWRVHYHUDO VXEEDQGV6LJQDOUHFRQVWUXFWLRQLVGRQHIURPWKHVXEEDQGFRPSULVLQJKLJKHVWHQHUJ\E\DSSO\LQJLQYHUVH74:7 )LQDOO\GHIHFWIUHTXHQF\LVLGHQWLILHGE\DSSO\LQJHQYHORSHGHPRGXODWLRQWRWKHUHFRQVWUXFWHGVLJQDO  1RPHQFODWXUH 4 U - Į ȕ [ Q  G Q  D Q  )V )G ' G 1 ߮

4IDFWRU 5HGXQGDQF\ 'HFRPSRVLWLRQOHYHO /RZSDVVVFDOLQJSDUDPHWHU +LJKSDVVVFDOLQJSDUDPHWHU 5DZVLJQDO 'HWDLOVXEEDQG $SSUR[LPDWHVXEEDQG 6KDIWVSHHG 'HIHFWIUHTXHQF\ 3LWFKFLUFOHGLDPHWHU %DOOGLDPHWHU 1XPEHURIEDOO &RQWDFWDQJOH

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

E

 DQG D Q 





E r



























 



$WZRVWDJH74:7SURFHVVLVVKRZQLQ)LJ7KHRULJLQDOVLJQDO x n LVSDVVHGWKURXJKORZDQGKLJKSDVVILOWHU EDQNWRSURGXFHWKUHHVXEEDQGV2XWRIZKLFK d n DQG d  n GHWDLOVXEEDQGDUHIRUPHGE\KLJKSDVVILOWHULQJDW VW DQG QG VWDJH RI GHFRPSRVLWLRQ  7KH VXEEDQG a  n LV DSSUR[LPDWH VXEEDQG DW WKH VHFRQG VWDJH RI GHFRPSRVLWLRQUHVXOWLQJIURPORZSDVVILOWHULQJRIDSSUR[LPDWHVLJQDOJHQHUDWHGDWWKHILUVWVWDJHRIGHFRPSRVLWLRQ

840

Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845



 )LJ7ZRVWDJHGHFRPSRVLWLRQSURFHVV

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

(QYHORSHGHPRGXODWLRQ IRUHYDOXDWLRQRIGHIHFW IUHTXHQF\

,QYHUVH74:7WR UHFRQVWUXFWWKHVLJQDO IURPVXEEDQGFRPSULVLQJ PD[LPXPHQHUJ\

)LJ)ORZGLDJUDPRIVLJQDOSURFHVVLQJSURFHVV

6LPXODWLRQVWXG\DQGSHUIRUPDQFHDQDO\VLV 7R GHPRQVWUDWH WKH FRPSHWHQFH RI WKH SURFHVV VWXG\ KDV EHHQ FDUULHG RXW RQ WKH VLPXODWHG VLJQDO ILUVW  $Q LPSXOVLYHVLPXODWHGVLJQDOLVVKRZQLQ)LJ D 7KHLPSXOVLYHVLJQDOKDVGHIHFWIUHTXHQF\ Fd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r  DQG J  7KHDSSOLFDWLRQRI74:7JHQHUDWHV VXEEDQGV2XWRIHOHYHQVXEEDQGVWHQVXEEDQGVDUHGHWDLOVXEEDQG d  d  DQGRQHVXEEDQGLVDSSUR[LPDWH VLJQDO a  DW WKH WK OHYHO RI GHFRPSRVLWLRQ 7KHQ HQHUJ\ RI HDFK VXEEDQG LV FRPSXWHG 7KH SHUFHQWDJH

841

Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845

FRQWULEXWLRQRIHQHUJ\E\HDFKVXEEDQGLVVKRZQLQ)LJ$VVKRZQLQ)LJWKHHQHUJ\RI a EDQGLVKLJKHVW 7KHUHDIWHU VLJQDO LV UHFRQVWUXFWHG IURP WKLV VXEEDQG E\ DSSO\LQJ LQYHUVH 74:7 (QYHORSH VSHFWUXP RI VLJQDO UHFRQVWUXFWHGIURP a EDQGLVVKRZQLQ)LJ D 3HDNDWVKDIWVSHHG Fs FKDUDFWHULVWLFIUHTXHQF\VKDIWVSHHG Fd  Fs DQGLWVVHFRQGKDUPRQLFVDSSHDUVLQWKLVILJXUH7KHSHDNDW Fd  Fs JLYHVLQGLFDWLRQRISUHVHQFHRID GHIHFWDQGLVDOVRLQGLFDWLQJWKHLQWHUDFWLRQRIVKDIWVSHHGZLWKGHIHFWIUHTXHQF\ 1RZ WKH VXEEDQG KDYLQJ VHFRQG KLJKHVW HQHUJ\ d   LV H[DPLQHG DQG LQYHUVH 74:7 LV DSSOLHG WR WKLV VXE EDQG7KHHQYHORSHVSHFWUXPRIUHFRQVWUXFWHGVLJQDOLVVKRZQLQ)LJ E 7KHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVGHIHFWIUHTXHQF\FDQ EHHDVLO\REWDLQHGZLWKRXWDQ\GLVWLQFWLRQIURPWKLVHQYHORSHVSHFWUXP 

  D 

 E 

 F 

842

Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845

 G  )LJ D ,PSXOVHVLJQDO E 6LQHZDYHVLPXODWLQJWKHVKDIWVSHHG F &RPELQHGVLJQDO DE DQG G 6SHFWUXPRIVLJQDOLQ)LJ F 

 )LJ(QHUJ\FRQWULEXWLRQRIVXEEDQGJHQHUDWHGE\74:7RIVLJQDOSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJ F 



 D 

843

Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845

 E  )LJ(QYHORSHVSHFWUXPRIVLJQDOUHFRQVWUXFWHGIURPHQHUJ\EDQG D $SSUR[LPDWHVXEEDQG a DQG E 'HWDLOVXEEDQG d  

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r  DQG J   7KH HQHUJ\ FRQWULEXWLRQ RI HDFK VXEEDQG LV SORWWHG LQ )LJ  7KH HQHUJ\ RI d  EDQG LV KLJKHVW 7KHQ VLJQDO LV UHFRQVWUXFWHG IURPWKLVVXEEDQG d  E\DSSO\LQJLQYHUVH74:7(QYHORSHVSHFWUXPRIVLJQDOUHFRQVWUXFWHGIURP d  EDQGLV VKRZQ LQ )LJ   $ KLJKHVW SHDN DW  +] LV FORVH WR WKH RXWHU UDFH GHIHFW IUHTXHQF\  +] RI WKH % EHDULQJ 7KH HQYHORSH VSHFWUXP KDV RQO\ SHDN DW GHIHFW IUHTXHQF\ DQG LW¶V PXOWLSOH 7KXV E\ XVH RI WKH PHWKRG DGRSWHGLQWKLVZRUNGHIHFWIHDWXUHVFDQEHH[WUDFWHGE\WULPPLQJGRZQWKHQRLVHLQWKHYLEUDWLRQVLJQDO 7DEOH6SHFLILFDWLRQRIWHVWEHDULQJXVLQJLQWKHH[SHULPHQW 0DNH$5%EHDULQJQXPEHU% 

3LWFKFLUFOHGLDPHWHU ' LQPP

%DOOGLDPHWHU G LQPP

1XPEHURIEDOO 1 

&RQWDFWDQJOH ߮ LQGHJUHH











 )LJ7HVWULJIRUEHDULQJGHIHFWLGHQWLILFDWLRQ

844

Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845

 D 

 E 

)LJ$W\SLFDOYLEUDWLRQVLJQDOIRUEHDULQJZLWKRXWHUUDFHGHIHFW D 5DZYLEUDWLRQVLJQDODQG E 6SHFWUXPRIYLEUDWLRQVLJQDO

 )LJ(QHUJ\FRQWULEXWLRQRIVXEEDQGJHQHUDWHGE\74:7RIVLJQDOSUHVHQWHGLQ)LJ D 



 )LJ(QYHORSHVSHFWUXPRIVLJQDOUHFRQVWUXFWHGIURPHQHUJ\EDQG d  

Anil Kumar et al. / Procedia Technology 25 (2016) 838 – 845

845

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±DWXWRULDO0HFK6\VW6LJQDO3URFHVV±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± >@:+H @+:DQJ-&KHQ*'RQJ)HDWXUHH[WUDFWLRQRIUROOLQJEHDULQJ¶VHDUO\ZHDNIDXOWEDVHGRQ((0'DQGWXQDEOH4IDFWRUZDYHOHWWUDQVIRUP 0HFK6\VW6LJQDO3URFHVV >@*&DL;&KHQ=+H6SDUVLW\HQDEOHGVLJQDOGHFRPSRVLWLRQXVLQJWXQDEOH4IDFWRUZDYHOHWWUDQVIRUPIRUIDXOWIHDWXUHH[WUDFWLRQRIJHDUER[ 0HFK6\VW6LJQDO3URFHVV