of all infectious intestinal diseases in England and the Nether- lands ... ease caused by NV: a large human reservoir of infection (2,8), a very low ..... other health conditions of patients who were hospitalized or ..... Essentials of medical statistics.
RESEARCH
Two Epidemiologic Patterns of Norovirus Outbreaks: Surveillance in England and Wales, 1992–2000 Benjamin A. Lopman,* Goutam K. Adak,* Mark H. Reacher,* and David W.G. Brown*
In the period 1992–2000, the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre collected standardized epidemiologic data on 1,877 general outbreaks of Norovirus (formerly “Norwalk-like virus”) infection in England and Wales. Seventy-nine percent of general outbreaks occurred in health-care institutions, i.e., hospitals (40%) and residential-care facilities (39%). When compared with outbreaks in other settings, those in health-care institutions were unique in exhibiting a winter peak (p
