Using M-Learning as a Tool in Improving the Teaching Learning Process under Outcome Based Education System Akhil A. Deshpande KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka India
[email protected] Swati P. Joshi KLS Shri Vasantrao Potdar Polytechnic Belagavi, Karnataka India
[email protected] Anuj A. Deshpande State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA
[email protected] Abstract— The phones that we use in our routine have become smarter than before. With the advent of smartphones in the mobile industry having versatility of Android and IOS platforms the phones are not just constrained for communication. These platforms provide the user the opportunity to access variety of e-learning resources online. The novel curriculum prescribed by the universities across the globe are application oriented that facilitate industrial requirements by the graduates. In India the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) focus mainly on Outcome Based Education (OBE) where the students are required to gain additional knowledge relevant to the curriculum prescribed by the university. E-learning has redefined some strategies and concepts of teaching learning that have enabled the teaching fraternity and the students to perform better. Every student is constantly connected with his personal smartphone which will enable him/her to access the m-learning content. The efforts put by the teacher and students with the aid of modern smartphones can enhance the quality of teaching learning process. This paper
deals with the methodology of implementation of M-Learning module as a tool for improvement of teaching learning process. Technical education is considered as the basis for implementing the m-learning tool, as acceptance of elearning in technical education is still in budding stage and always provides an opportunity of improvement. Keywords— E- Learning, M- Learning, Outcome Based Education, Smart phones I. INTRODUCTION The term education was coined by the ancient civilizations older than 3500 BC. During the archeological survey in Egypt the fully developed hieroglyphs were in use at Abydos dating back to 3400 BC [1]. Here the oldest know alphabet was developed in central Egypt around 2000 BC. Education is defined as a process of facilitating the development of learning skills by acquiring the knowledge. A child’s education begins way before he is born. In the fetal stage itself the art of survival is mastered in line with the development of all the body organs. Once the child is born he is exposed to the outside world where the very first thing he learns is
The Fourteenth International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, 17-18 December 2017, Thailand
Akhil A. Deshpande, Swati P. Joshi, Anuj A. Deshpande
how to respire to survive. He later learns the significance of feelings, affection, taste etc. as he grows. Once the brain is sufficiently developed he enters into the first stage of formal education. Formal education is broadly classified into preschool or kindergarten, primary school, secondary school and then college, university, or apprenticeship. Education in India has been witnessing drastic changes from past a decade. Pre independence education system in India was totally a different scenario. Dinesh Chand [2] in his paper has elaborated the state of education system during pre-independence period of India. It elaborates education system as mentioned in different period like Upnishadic, Bhudhist, and Medieval, modern as well as the system being followed at ancient University like Taxila and Nalanda.
Statements of the institute is the base for defining the programme outcomes. Considering Mechanical Engineering as one of the programme, the following are the Programme Outcomes for Mechanical Engineering [3].
At those times a teacher had a special status and respect as he was the main source of vision and mission for the empowerment of society. At those times the students were facilitated with development of skills that were necessary for them to survive in the less competitive world. But in past a decade the world is undergoing drastic development creating ample opportunities and challenges. This has lead in modification of the education system where the students are aided with the skills that they intend to survive. This has lead in a new education system known as Outcome Based Education (OBE) system. The paper illustrates the impact of mobile phones in achieving OBE at mass scale.
PO 4. An ability to multidisciplinary teams,
II. ABOUT OUTCOME BASED EDUCATION SYSTEM The OBE is a systematic education system that is designed on the outcomes of any particular course or programme. The course outcomes and the programme outcomes are defined after multiple meetings with the stake holders who are generally the parents, alumni, industrialists, academicians and the students. The Vision and Mission
PO 1. An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering PO 2. An ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data PO 3. An ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within realistic constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, and sustainability, function
on
PO 5. An ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems, PO 6. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibility, PO 7. An effectively,
ability to
communicate
PO 8. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global, economic, environmental, and societal context, PO 9. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning, PO 10. A knowledge of contemporary issues. PO 11. An ability to use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice. PO 12. Competence to adopt technical knowledge and managerial skill in
Special Issue of the International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management, Vol.25 No. SP2, December, 2017
Using M-Learning as a Tool in Improving the Teaching Learning Process under Outcome Based Education System
planning projects and deployment of resources
outcomes that are specifically for the curriculum.
To achieve the expected outcomes the OBE is categorized into Teaching Learning, Continuous Internal Evaluation (CIE) and Semester End Examination (SEE). Figure 2.1 illustrates a typical OBE process.
In India the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi accredits the technical programs all over India through a committee called National Board of Accreditation (NBA). This accreditation has various benefits to the staff and students of an accredited institute. The prerequisite for any institute to go for NBA is they have been implemented with OBE. Thus OBE is a very significant parameter. III. CONCEPT
Fig. 1. A typical OBE process [4].
The teaching learning helps in achieving the outcomes which are relevant to fundamentals, theory, numerical etc. in any course. The outcomes achieved by the student at the end of the course through teaching learning will be only subjected to lectures based on the specified curriculum. The Continuous Internal Evaluation is a process to assess what skills the student has learnt to achieve the course outcomes. The CIE is further sub classified into Internal Assessment Tests, Assignments, Course project, Course seminars etc. In the internal assessment tests the student is directly assessed with what is specified in the curriculum unit wise. Assignments, course project, course seminars etc. are known as indirect assessment techniques wherein a student learns the significance of the course in practical approach outside the scope of his curriculum thereby achieving the programme outcomes that do not reflect in the curriculum. The Semester End Examination is a method of assessment of the skills the student has learnt in the entire course. The SEE also meet only those programme
Mobile phone technology has been developing and improving exponentially. A decade ago owning a simple mobile phone having mechanical keypad was a matter of pride. Mobiles phones have brought the people around the globe together [5]. The modern mobile phones also called as smart phones can do much more than communication. It is like the concept of palmtop in late 80s have become reality. With constant connectivity to the internet one can do anything on a smart phone. Thus with this feature mobile learning can be implemented in achieving Outcome Based Education. The indirect CIE assessment can be managed with the help of smartphones. Akhil Deshpande et al [6] has discussed about the various methods of web based learning. These methods can be implemented with the modern smartphones as they can be constantly connected to the Internet. M-learning is one of the best and efficient method of E- Learning. A teacher can create a social media group in which a student is always logged in, to post an open discussion of a topic on his /her subject which is out of scope of the prescribed curriculum. The students in the group will have healthy discussions and based on the quality of the answers or
The Fourteenth International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, 17-18 December 2017, Thailand
Akhil A. Deshpande, Swati P. Joshi, Anuj A. Deshpande
discussion the assessment can be made. This will also help the students in quantitative and qualitative achievement of the above mentioned programme outcomes. The teacher can also document this conversation for further accreditation process. E-learning has eased and stipulated the students to study their curriculum [7]. Students can enjoy the learning as well achieve the programme outcomes. IV. HOW M-LEARNING IMPROVES THE TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS M-Learning has proved to be an amazing educational tool for teaching and learning as it offers modern ways to support teaching learning process [8]. As modern smartphones can support various file extensions, the course content can be delivered to students in very interactive modes. Figure 2 represents a schematic comparison with traditional blackboard teaching and M-Learning.
Fig. 2. Comparison of M-Learning with traditional blackboard teaching.
Traditional blackboard teaching is generally a monotonic way of delivering lecture which leads to inefficient learning among the students. With M-Learning as a tool one can facilitate the students to make use of mobile phones in a very fun way which they will enjoy. Today’s generation is very much obsessed with mobile phones. Hence this obsession can be put into the right channel.
The faculty can prepare the animations or videos on the topics to be covered. These animations can be played in the class which will help in developing the interest among the tech savvy generation. The students will then try to interact in the class helping them to grasp the content more efficiently. Once the interactive session is over the teacher can pose few questions diversified into various Bloom’s Levels in a social media group or forum. The students will then have a very health discussion on their mobile phones. This way of teaching learning process is a key ingredient to achieve Outcome Based Education. With a very strong OBE system the institution can very easily be eligible for accreditation process. V. ADVANTAGES OF M-LEARNING The following are the few advantages of M- learning [6]. M-learning is beneficial to education, corporations and to all types of learners. It is affordable, saves time, and produces measurable results. M-learning has the advantage of taking class anytime anywhere. Students like M-learning because it accommodates different types of learning styles. M-learning encourages students to peruse through information by using hyperlinks and sites on the worldwide Web. M-learning helps students develop knowledge of the Internet. M-learning is flexible and can be customized to meet the individual needs of the learners. VI. LIMITATIONS OF M-LEARNING The following are the few limitations of M-learning [6]. Cultural acceptance is an issue in organizations where student demographics and psychographics may predispose them against using computers at all, let alone for m- learning.
Special Issue of the International Journal of the Computer, the Internet and Management, Vol.25 No. SP2, December, 2017
Using M-Learning as a Tool in Improving the Teaching Learning Process under Outcome Based Education System
Inappropriate content for m-learning may exist according to some experts, though are limited in number. Technology issues that play a factor include whether the existing technology infrastructure can accomplish the training goals, whether additional tech expenditures can be justified, and whether compatibility of all software and hardware can be achieved.
VII. CONCLUSIONS Mobile phones have revolutionized the modern world. They play a very key role in competing with the challenges. Mobile phone industry will achieve further developmental milestones in future. With internet in the palms exploiting it for improving the education system is necessary. M-Learning is a very significant tool that can be implemented in the teaching learning process that will give access to variety of digital content over the internet. The students and faculty will be benefited with this novel tool to revolutionize the teaching learning process and achieve a quality Outcome Based Education System.
26–33. Doi:10.1109/MC.2008.192 [6] Akhil Deshpande, Deepak Kulkarni, “Collaborating E-Learning in Demonstration of Mechanical Practical for Engineering Students”, The Tenth International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, 12-13 December 2013, Thailand [7] Akhil A. Deshpande, “Collaborative learning technique using internet sharing for demonstration of CAED” International Journal of Computer Internet and Management (IJCIM), Vol 22, No: SP2, Dec 2014, pp 37. [8] Walaa Abdel Wahab Mekki, Yousif Elshafie Hashim, “Survey Paper: M-Learning A new form for Distance Learning”, International Research Journal of Computer Science, Issue 2, Vol 3, Feb 2016.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT Akhil A. Deshpande wishes to acknowledge Department of Mechanical Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi and other contributors for developing and maintaining the Programme Outcomes and Outcome Based Education System Flow charts which have been used in the preparation of this paper. REFERENCES [1] Fischer, Steven Roger, "A History of Writing", 2004, Reaktion Books, ISBN 1-86189-167-9, ISBN 978-1-86189-167-9, at page 36 [2] Dinesh Chand, “Education system in preindependence India”, International Journal of Applied Research, Vol 1, Issue 2, pp 110-113, 2015 [3] http://www.git.edu/mechanical-engineering/ (Last Accessed on 04 November 2017) [4] https://www.slideshare.net/anis152003/obe-slide (Last Accessed on 04 November 2017) [5] Heeks, Richard (2008). "Meet Marty Cooper – the inventor of the mobile phone". BBC. 41 (6):
The Fourteenth International Conference on eLearning for Knowledge-Based Society, 17-18 December 2017, Thailand
