Voice fundamental frequency training of hearing ...

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E. Carney and J. T. Gandour (Department of Audiology and Speech. Sciences, Purdue ... by the National Institute of Handicapped Research and the Gallaudet.
andamplitudespectra.A significant correlationwasfoundbetweenthe amplitudespectraand the rank orderandbetweenformanttwo and the rank order. Visual inspectionof the spectrarevealedspecificpatterns associated with thethreepitchcategories. The resultsof thesetwostudies arecompared, andtheusefulness of a pitchcriterionin evaluatingspeech

perception ofhearing-impaired persons isdiscussed.

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hasbeen developed dsing thef0 extraction/display system andfocuses on both nonlinguisticand linguistictasks.Thesetasksinclude:increasing and shiftingthe rangeoff0; developmentof appropriatetone groups; development of variouspitch contoursusedin English;and instruction concerning Englishintonationrules.The rate andextentoff0 modification by subjectsin the presentprogramwill be discussed, alongwith indicationsof thevalueandlimitationof a singleparametersystemfor modificationof hearing-impaired speakers vocalbehavior.[Work is supported by the National Instituteof HandicappedResearchand the Gallaudet ResearchInstitute].

G8. Tonal confusionsin Thai listenerswith sensorineuralhearingloss.A.

E. CarneyandJ. T. Gandour(Department of Audiology andSpeech Sciences, PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN 49707)

In thisexperiment, nativeThaispeakers withsensorineural hearing losses identified bothnaturalandsynthetic tokensof fivecontrasrive lexicalThaitones,traditionally labeled: mid,low,falling,high,andrising.All hearing-impaired subjects hadessentially flatlosses, andweregrouped by

degree ofhearing loss intomild-,moderate-, andsevere-hearing loss categofies. Identification datafromthesesubjects werecompared to those ,obtained fromnormal-hearing Thailisteners. Results indicated thatthe accuracy of identification decreased withseverity of hearinglossin an o•rderly mannerfor bothnaturalandsynthetic tokens.However,error ratesweremuchhigherforsynthetic stimuliacross allsubject groups. For naturaltokens,tonal confusions from subjects with mild and moderate losseswere similar to thosefrom normal listeners;listenerswith severe

losses hada qualitatively different pattern oferrors.In contrast, forsyn-

•thetic tokens, tonal confusions from allhearing-impaired subjects differed fromthosemadeby normallisteners bothqualitatively andquantitatively.Results willbediscussed withrespect tothenatureoftheacoustic cues

needed byhearing-impaired listeners forintonation perception.

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GII. Effects of training on vowel production by deaf speakers. M. J. Osberger(BoysTown National Institute,Omaha,NE 68131)and R. D. Kent (Department of CommunicativeDisorders, University of Wisconsin,Madison,WI 53706)

Five profoundlyhearing-impaired childrenreceivedtrainingfor approximatelysix monthsto improveproductionof vowelsin monosyllabic words.Spectrographicanalyseswere usedto measurethe duration and formantfrequencies of vowelnucleiin a corpusof CV (C)wordsproduced before,during,and after training.Preliminaryresultsrevealedthat vowel durationwasabnormallylongin all samples,but the durationof the vowelsproducedin thetrainingsessions wereexcessively prolongedrelativeto the durationof the samesamplesproducedin either the pre- or posttrainingsessions. There tendedto be a decreasein durationas training

progressed, althoughthereweresomeindividualvariations. The pattern of changeassociated with the frequencylocationsoff 1 andF 2 wascomplex and varieddependingon the speakerand targetvowel.The largest changesmostofteninvolvedthe frequencylocationoff 1.Thesefindings suggest that themostcommonmaneuverusedby thechildrento achievea targetvowelinvolvedjaw ratherthantonguemovement,accompanied by excessive prolongationof the vowel.The dataalsoindicatethat the processes involvedin the developmentof speechskiUscanbe highly individualizedin deafchildren.[Work supportedby NIH/NINCDS-NS 16247.]

G9. The search for invariant Visible cues in lipreading. Allen

A. Montgomery (ArmyAudiology andSpeech Center,WalterReed Army MedicalCenter,Washington,DC 20012) In the acousticspeechsignalit is well known that at the segmental levelconstantpe.rception may resultfrom widelydifferingacousticsig-

nals.Theexistence of analogous phenomena in lipreading, however,has

not,been demonstrated. In principle, thatdemonstration wouldtakethe formof determiningwhetherconstantvisualperceptionof a viseme(such asthe/i,]/high front vowel)isassociated with significantlyvaryingphys, icalproperties of thelipshapes in differentphoneticcontexts.In thisstudy

wepresent ananalysis ofphysical andperceptual dataderivedfromvowel

lip.reading stimu•li aimedat defining appropriate physicalmeasures of vowellip•hapes,examininga databaseof vowellipshapesand associated lipreadingconfusions, andderivingcriteriafor perceptualinvarianceand physicalcuevariancein visiblestimuli. Preliminaryresultsbasedon five vowelsin 11CVC contextsindicatethat perceptualconstancyanalogous

tothatin auditory perception mayexistinlipreading, although further refinementof the physicalcuesand the definitionof visemeare clearly needed.[Work supportedby Department of Clinical Investigation, WRAMC.]

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GI0. Voice fundamentalfrequencytrainingof hearing-impairedspeakers by visual feedback. JamesMahshie, Akira Hasegawa, Marguerite Mars, EugeneHerbert, and Fred Brandt (Sensory CommunicationResearchLaboratoryand Department of Audiology, OallaudetCollege,Washington,DC 20002)

The real-timefundamentalfrequency(f0) extraction/displaysystem describedby Hasegawaet al. at this meeting(PaperNN8) is currently beingusedto providevisualfeedbackin anf0 training programwith

heating-impaired adolescents/adults. An assessment protocol, utilizing displays of:f0 distribution,f0contours, andf0 levels,determines theappropriateentrypointfor eachsubjectintotraining.Systematic instruction

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J. Acoust.Soc.Am.Suppl.1, Vol.73, Spring1983

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Gl2. Formant frequenciesof vowelsproducedunder aided and unaided conditionsby personswith residual high-frequencyhearing. Emily A. TobeyandReginoldG. Ross(KresgeHearingResearchLaboratory, Departmentof Otorhinolaryngology, LouisianaStateUniversityMedical Center,New Orleans,LA ?0119)

Remarkably intelligibl•e speech has been reported forindividuals with severe sensorineural hearing losses intherange125to8000Hzbutnot'real hearingin the frequencyregionabove8000 Hz. In order to determine what factorsmay underliethe intelligiblespeechof six of thesepatients, we measuredformant valuesof/i, a:, u/in CVCs producedduring an unaidedspeakingconditionand when patientswore an aid designedto transposelow-frequency. informationupward to the regionabove8000 Hz. The initial consonantin the stimuli varied between/t, d, r, s, sh, tr,

str/and thefinalconsonant was/p/. First-by-second formantfrequency plotsrevealedthe vowelswerenear-normallydistributedduringunaided speaki.ng conditions; however,valuesmorecloselyapproximated thoseof normal-hearingspeakerswhen the aid was worn. Data were similar to thosereportedfor a singlesubject[M. J. Collins, J. Acoust.Soc. Am. Suppl.1 65, S69(1979)]and suggested speakers may useresidualhighfrequency hearingto monitorvowelformantfrequencies. [Worksupported by NIH and LouisianaLions Eye Foundation.]

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G13. Causal intonationin right-hemisphere brain damagedspeakers. William E. Cooper, Carlos Soares, Elanah Kutik (Department of. Psychology and SocialRelations,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA 021.38'•, Diane Michelow, and Janet Nicol (AphasiaResearchCenter, BostonV. A. Hospital,Boston,MA 02130) Four right-handedadultpatientswith unilateralright-hemisphere lesionsandfour non-neurological patientsreadaloudsentences designedto testinfluences of clauseand utterancelengthon fundamentalfrequency

105thMeeting:AcousticalSocietyof America

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