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Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) for Disaster Management: A Case Study for Floods in Jakarta Emir Hartato | Department of Geography, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Background
Main Findings
Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), a subset of crowdsourcing where public are able to contribute geographic data
Feature mapping tools, specifically OpenStreetMap (OSM) 1, are valuable in providing a detailed local
using internet-based tools, has the potential to improve geographic data acquisition in each disaster management stage.
base map during mitigation stage. In preparedness stage, the base map is combined with authoritative
VGI can potentially fill an information gap during a disaster event, providing near real-time information related to the disaster
data sources (e.g., flood models, population data) to produce a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-
for decision makers and the public. However, researchers have called for the development of a framework to account for
based risk assessment using InaSAFE 2 software for developing a contingency plan. Public geo-located
VGI related issues, such as legal, credibility, public participation, stakeholder engagement, and interoperability standard.
reporting tools, such as Twitter3 , provide information related to flooding in near real-time. The flood
This research presented a framework to improve VGI use in disaster management by using a qualitative case study of VGI
information is aggregated and visualised through Peta Bencana4. In the recovery stage, the JakSAFE 5
for flood management in Jakarta. This framework is important as a foundation to enable VGI proliferation in disaster
tool is used to aggregate damage and loss reports related to the flooding (Figure 3).
management. This research found that VGI use for disaster management is not only to fill an
Case Study
information gap, but also has other advantages. Additionally, all interviewed
Floods occur regularly in Jakarta (Indonesia), especially during the monsoon season, and have a major impact on the city, threatening a population of 15 million (Figure 1). Floods have displaced thousands of people, paralysed the transportation
system, affected social and economic activities and resulted in billion dollar losses in 2002, 2007, 2013, and 2014. Available evidence on application of VGI within a disaster management cycle exists in Jakarta. VGI use for disaster management in Jakarta is not only focused in a specific disaster management stage, but for all stages (mitigation,
preparedness, response, and recovery). These factors make Jakarta an appropriate case study to identify a framework of
respondents agreed that minimising VGI issues is important to achieving VGI advantages (Figure 4).
Figure 3. VGI use according to each disaster management stage for floods in Jakarta
A key contribution of this research is a VGI-disaster management framework
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which comprises non-technical and technical components. This framework builds a strong foundation to enable VGI proliferation in disaster management for government and non-
government organisations (Figure 5).
Figure 1. Flood maps showing flood extent in sub-village units. Flood data is based on the annual flood reports from Jakarta Province Disaster Management Agency
Research Question What is an appropriate framework to improve VGI use for disaster management using Jakarta flood risk
Figure 4. Advantages and issues of VGI for disaster management
Figure 5. A framework of VGI-disaster management
1
openstreetmap.org inasafe.org twitter.com 4 petabencana.id 5 jaksafe.bpbd.jakarta.go.id
mapping as a case study?
2