Identifying and Addressing Economic and Non-Economic Loss and Damages Associated with Climate Events in Thailand Manish Shrestha, Sangam Shrestha Water Engineering and Management (WEM) Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) email:
[email protected]
Objectives
Introduction
The number of people affected by disasters has increased significantly over the last 30 years. Disaster risk management requires to take into account not only the expected physical damages, victims and economic equivalent loss but also social, cultural, biodiversity as well as local governance. These non-economic loss and damages (NELD) consists of a significant proportion of total losses and damages incurrent by climate events and hence needs to integrate into risk reduction decision being made.
Identify and prioritize thematic areas, criteria and indicators associated with NELD Identify and prioritize practices to reduce NELD associated with floods in Thailand
Results Based on the consultation meeting Human life and health and water and sanitation were found the most important areas where NELD plays an important role. Similarly, significant impact on the larger wellbeing of family, relevance to DRR-CCA policy and value given by society were selected as the three main criteria for NELD assessment. Practices that can reduce NELD associate with floods were also discussed during the workshop.
Methodology Sorting relevant indicators Prioritizing practices Initial consultation with 10 experts via email and interviews Defining general thematic area, criteria and indicators associated with each thematic area for NELD
SuperDecision software was used to analysis the AHP questionnaire. Two models were constructed for each of the two selected thematic area comprising of fourtier hierarchy as shown in figure below. Goal
AHP questionnaire Criteria
Workshop with 18 experts for final selection of Thematic area, criteria, indicators and practices
SuperDecision software
Indicators
Impact on larger wellbeing of family
No of people dead
Goal
Best Practices
Relevance to DRRCRR policy
No of people who became disable
Criteria
Societal value
No of people suffered infectious diseases
Alternatives Alternatives
Overall Methodology The work initiated with literature review and consultation meeting with 10 experts in order to identify the main thematic areas, criteria and indicators associated with each thematic area. The thematic areas and criteria that were identified by literature review and consultation for NELD assessment are shown in Table below. Table: List of thematic area and criteria for assessment of NELD No.
Thematic area 1 Human life and health 2 Water and Sanitation 3 Education 4 Displacement and migration 5 Cultural heritages and indigenous knowledge 6 Biodiversity 7 Social capital 8 Local governance 9 Aesthetics
No. 1 2 3 4 5
Early warning
Evacuation plan and center
Flood plain management
Health care and rescue team
Hierarchy for Human life and health
Impact on larger wellbeing of family
Indicators
No of people injured
Best Practices
Awareness
Relevance to DRRCRR policy
Societal value
Access to adequate drinking water
Access to sanitation
Emergency water source
Evacuation plan and center
Mobile unit
Hierarchy for Water and sanitation
The final score of every paired comparison of criteria, indicators or practices were computed based on a geometric mean of all score given by all the participants for each paired comparison. Once the consensus was reached, summary of final scores for each paired comparison was entered into the Superdecision software.
Criteria Value given by the society Significant impact on the larger wellbeing of family Relevance to DRR-CCA policy Measurability and verifiability Availability of data
6 Expertise to interpret data meaningfully 7 Appropriateness to the problem
Workshop was organized on 7th October, 2015 where eighteen experts from various field of expertise attended the workshop for further screening out the important thematic area, criteria, indicators and practices associated with NELD. The participants for the workshop comprise from both government and nongovernment organization working in the field of water resources management, public health, sociology, disaster prevention and mitigation, hydrologist, and academia. Two thematic area and three criteria were selected based on the overall view of the participants.
Weight and rank of practices to address NELD for Human life and health and Water and sanitation The final weight and rank of the practices that can address the non-economic loss and damages associated with each of the thematic area is shown in figure above. Analysis shows, health care and rescue and evacuation plan and center were ranked higher for human life and health whereas, for water and sanitation sector, emergency water source and awareness were very much important in reducing the losses.
Conclusions
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Finally, an AHP questionnaire survey was prepared and circulated to the experts via email. The questionnaire comprises of pairwise comparison of each of the criteria, indicators and practices for each thematic area. The pairwise comparison of indicators was done by keeping the single criteria in view each time. Similarly, comparison of practices was done by keeping the single indicator in view each time. Saty’s scale of fundamental judgment scaled from 1-9 were used for each option of a paired comparison.
Consultation meeting with experts provided a strong approach on selecting the important thematic area, criteria, indicators of NELD and the practices. Based on the result of consultation meeting, human life and health and water and sanitation were considered the most important sector. This study uses Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which involved pairwise comparison of various alternatives to find out the potential measures that can address NELD. Improving health care and rescue team during the disaster and evacuation plan and center for each of the vulnerable areas are the best measures that can help reduce NELD in the sector of human life and health. Similarly, emergency water source and awareness are the best practices that can aid in providing access to adequate drinking water and sanitation system during the disaster. www.postersession.com
