Bazar nalla of district Purulia. Mishr,a et ,ai., (2009) .... Haldepera. Titputi. Puti. Bara Puti. Techokha. Pera. Puti. Darke. Chira. Chua. Simsuti. Bacha. Bata. Rui.
ISS 0375- 5 Rec. zool. Sura. India: 113(Part-4): 167-179, 2013
F S ' DIV -RSITY IN TWO SOU -HWES E ' N D S RIC S OF WEST BENGAL ,...BANKURA AND PURULIA 1
,CHAYAN ROyl, K.K. V ASSl, B.C. PATRA AND A. K. SANYAL'
lCentral Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata-120 lAquaculture Research Unit, Department ofZool~gy, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-l02 3Zool~gical survey oflndi~, New Alipore, Kolkata-53
INTRODUC - ON The area lies in between the latitudes of 22°44'4"-23°44 14 11 North and longitudes of 850 44114'11-85°44"4" East, ,c ov,e ring an area of 13232 kn{ It is situated in the lower parts of upper ridges ,a t right flank of Damodar Riv'er in West Bengal. Once known as #Jangale mahal'l cover with thick mixed dense forest mainly sal (Sfw~ea robusta), palas (Butia monosperma), and ber (Ziziphus zuzubt) in unev,e n terrain land.
'The Drainage system is mainly controlled by Damodar, Dwarakeswar and the Kangsabati river along with their network of tributaries and its feeder channels, sloping in south 'east direction. The ,c ourses of the principal rivers are appvoximately parallel to each other,. Silabati (56 km.), popularly known as Silai is the largest tributary of Dwarakeswar, Joypanda (44 km) is ~he
principal tributa.ry of the Silabati. Kangsabati
which rises in the hjlly t-errain ,o f Jhalda block in ~he district of uruJia enters B~nkura district in Khatra block. It has flows south ,e asterly for a distance of about 56 kID. across the southern part of the district and enters Midnapore district at ~he south east co ner. Some other ri v,e rs and tributaIies, like Gandheswa.ri, Sali (74 km.), Arkasha.l Birai (30 km.), Bodai ( 6 km.), Dan,g ra etc. plays an important role in the district's irrigation ,a nd drainage systems. All the rivers are seasonal hence the region is drou,g ht prone.
ENVIS (2007) has reported that state possesses 1'71 fresh wate fishes. This region consists of more than 100 smal and medium reservo' /tank (> Oha) ainly util'zed for irrigation and to generate hydroelectric power, ,- ese are serv~ng as home-gt,o und o · v,a r'etles of indigenous fishes. Many of them a.re not r,e corded befo 'e and are going to ded'lle from the~ stock As parts of W,e st Bengal wher,e peop e are general depend upon fish.l pressure to water regime increasing day after day. I'
Very tiew literatures have been made on fish diversity from this region. According to Bhatt et. al., (2001) '9 species w'e re identified from Kest-oBazar nalla of district Purulia. Mishr,a et ,ai., (2009) reported that 25 species of fishes belonging to 18 genera, 7 families under the order Siluriformes have been recorded from different freshwater and br,a ckish water wetlands of South West Bengal.
Mukherjee and Praharaj (2009) l'eported that 47 species have been recorded from Kan,gsaboti reservoir which is situated in between Bankura and Purulia dtstrict, MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field survey w'e re conducted duritll;g the period from 2005-2008 through sample s~ey from randomly selected locations based on the thematic map and database of the study area. Total 625 numbers of closed w,a ter bodies and 37 sites in 2 main river systems w ,e re investigated.
Keyword: Fish diversity, Thr-eatened species~ Fish distribution.
168
Rec. zool. Surv. India
Especially large closed water bodies ,a nd deep pool in river system had been surveyed which shows maximum diversity of fishes.
Collected fish samples were preserved in 4 % formalin for d,e tailed ,e xamination and identification w,a s done by following the
The specimens were collected using different types of fishing methods such as ,cast nets, gill nets, drag nets, scoop nets and other tools like use of Changi" (living murr,e1 fish used at the end of fishing line with hook ,a nd hang just on the surface of deep running water by strong bamboo whip to
methodologies after Talwar and Jhingran, 1991 and Jayaram, 1'999. Oassification has been done on the basis of FishBase (2009). As colour loss is rapid, accurate descriptions of ,colour patterns were recorded by photography. Fishes were identified to species level except for juveniles.
trap Chital, Boal) especially for carnivorous fishes and techniques like use of USand build trap'" (small parts of running stretch bounded by small wall sand bundh so that fish can jump to fall on sand bun dh, o penIng by small m o uth downw,ar-ds and after certain time mouth dosed and fish are trap) making in the river system. Generally multistage sampl..iQgs were adopted for fish collection at different stage and place, along with 87 numbers of markets were also surveyed.
RESULTS
U
(a) FishspeciesriclUless From the study are·a 100 species of fish were reco ded (Table-l). Study shows that high species richness blocks w,ere found at Banl5ha was showed high richness of fish species and an area
- , 20(9) Table-I: Roooroed - - - - --- -- fish --- fauna --- - from - - the -- - study ,a rea (After Fishbase
F,a mily
Species
Ambassidae
Chanda nama (Hamilt-on, 1822) Parambassis ran~a (Hamilton, 1822) Parambassis Lala (Hamilto~ 1822)
Anabantidae
Anabas test-udineus Bloch, 1792)
Anguillidae
A~guilla
Badidae
Badls badis (Hamilton, 1822) Dane Dario (Hamilton, 1822)
Kaloputi LaJputi
Bagridae
Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) Hemibagrus menoda (Hamilton, 1822) Sperata aor (Hamilton, 1822) Sperat4 seenghala (Sykes, 1839) Mystus c-avasius (Hamilton" 1822) Mystus bleekeri (Day, 1,877) Gagata ,cenia (Hamilton, 1822)
Ritha
I
I
I I
bengalensis bengalensis (Gray, 1831)
Local Name
Chandkor,a Chandkor,a Lal chandkora ~oi
Moula
Ao!" Aor
Pat Tallgra Tangra
Belonidae
Xenentodon candia (Hamilton, 1822)
Gangdar-a
Chamlidae
C1uznn4 punctata (Bloch" 1793) Channa orientalis (Bloch ,a nd Schneider, 1801) Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) Chann4 gachua (Hamilton, i822) Channa marulius (Hamilton, 1822)
Letha Chang Sol I
SisirCheng Sal
Cichlidae
Oreochromis mossambica (peters, 1852) Oreochromis niloticus nilo,ticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tilapia Nilontega
Qariidae
,Qarias batrachus (Linnaeus" 1758) Clarias g,ariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Magu Hybrid magur
Clupeidae
Gudusia cJurpra (Hamilton, 1822) Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilto~ 1822)
llish
Khoira I
169
ROY et. ai. : Fish Diversity in Two South-western Districts of West Bengal
Family
Species
Local Name
Cobitidae
Somileptus gongota (Hamilton, 1822) AcanthoctJUitis botia (Hamilton-T 1822) Botia whachata (ChaudhuIi, 1912) Lepidocephalichthys guntea (Hamilton, 1822)
fossils geto Geto
Schistura beavani (GUnther, 1868)
Chalkura Salg-eta
Balitoridae
Schistura carica (Hamilton, 1822) Cyprinidae
BagayaGeto Geto
Labeo pangusia (Hamilton, 1822)
Kalbasu
Osreobrama c>otio C,otio (Hamilton, 1822)
Dhela/ adna
Piaractus brachypomus CCuvier(1818) Danio ?:ario (Hamilton, 1822) Puntius sarana (Hamilton, 1822) . abeo g~nius (Hamilton, 822) Rilsbora rashoTa (Hamilton, 1822) Megarasbora elanga (Hamilton-T 1822) Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch, 1795) Labeo dyocheilus (McQeIland.. 1839)
Piranha Uli
Laceo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton, 1822) Securicula gora (Hamilton, 1822) Barilius baNul (Day, 1865) Barilius banla (Hamilton, 1822) Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) Puntius t-icto (Hamilton, 1822) Barbus teno (Hamilton, 1822) Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) Aplocheilus panchax (Hamilton, 1822) Barilus vagrn (Hamilton, 1822) Puntiu$ conchonius (HamiltoD-I 822) es011lus danricus (Hamilton, 1822)
Aspidoparia morar (Hamilton, 1822) Aspidoparia jay,a (Hamilton 1822) Crossocheilus lanus latius (Hamllton, 1822) l
Eutropiichthys murius (Hamilton, 1822) Labeo boga (Hamilton, 1822)
Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Catla catla '( Hamilton, 1822) Cirrmn.us cirrhosus (Blo~ 1795) Ctenopharyngodon idella (ValencielUles, 1844) Cyprinus carpio carp,io (Linnaeus, 1758) Hypophtfuzlmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes, 1844) Aristichthys nobilis (Richardson, 1845) Amblyopharyngodcln mala (Hamilton, 1822) ~gunius chagunio (Hamilton, 1807) Garra ,lamta (Hamilton, 1822) Labeo dero (Hamilton, 1822) Osteochilus nashii (Day, 1869) Puntius amphibious l( Valendennes, 1842)
Sarputi Bata Darke Darka Rui Kalbos Chua Chua Pera
Pera Haldepera Titputi Puti Bara Puti Techokha Pera
Puti Darke Chira Chua Simsuti Bacha Bata
Rui Katla Mirik
Grasscap Sypon Silv'e rcap Bricate Mour,a la Dekar Pathar ,c hata
Nadinrui Bara Puti
Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822)
Phasa
GlossogobiU$ giuris ~ ,amilton" 1822) Brachygobius nunus (Hamilton, 1822)
Bele, Bhelso Bhelso
Heteropneustidae
Hete.ropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794)
Singi
Mastacembelidae
Mast4cembelus armat-us (Laoepede, 1800)
Ban
Macrognathus pancalus ( amilton" 1822)
Penkal Penkal
En,graulidae
Macmgnathus ,guentheri (Day" 1865)
Rec. zoot Sura. India
170 Family
Species
Local Name
Macrognathus ,a~al (Bloch" 1786)
Penkal
Amblycipitidae
Aml1lyceps mangois l(ffiLmilton-l 1822)
Jia
Mugllidae
Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton, 1822)
KeklaJi mach
andidae
Nandus nflndu$ (Hamilton, 1,822)
Nados
otopteridae
Chitaifl chitala (Hamilton, 1822) Notopterus rwtcpterus (pallas, 1769)
Chitol
Colisa fasciala (Bloch and Schneider, 80 ) CoUsa lalia (Hamilton, 1822)
Kholse
Pangasiidae
Pangasius pangasius (Hamilton, 1822)
Pan,g us
Schilbeidae
Silonia silondia (Hamilton, 1822) Eutrapiichthys vachn (Hamilton, 1822) Ailia coila (Hamilton, 1.822) Clupiosoma garua (Hamilton, 1822)
Vacha Bacha
Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1'794) Ompok paba (Ham.-Buch.) Ompok pabda (Ham. -Buch. 1822) Wallago attu (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Pabda Pabda Boal
Sisoridae
Ba:~arius bagarius Hamilton, 1822) Glyptothorax dorsalis (Vinciguerra, 1890)
Ritha Te suti
Synbr,a nchidae
Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822)
Cuche
Osphronemidae
Siluridae
Folw Kholse
I
Banspata Bacha Pabd~
I
of O.40-5.0ha ,otably showed low richness of fish species and were usually used for ,c ulture based fisheries in this region. Since river and rivulets of this region are seasonal in natuJ1e fish species richness were maximum shown in patches of 'daha' area (deep pool in river path). Near about 48 species were recorded from different stretch survey during survey period (Table~2). Fishes w,e re distributed under 9 orders and 26 families (Table-3) in this region of which Cyprinidae family was the most common «42) of all and single species belong,e d to family Anabantidae, Anguillidae, Belonidae, Oupeidae, Mugilidae, Heteropneustidae, N andidae, Pangasiidae, Synbranchidae and Engraulidae. As per IUCN categories in species level, out of 26 families 21 families welle under threat (in Indian context) of which Cyprinidae was the most leading family followed by Siluridae and Bagaridae. Block wise family distribution of fish show'e d maximum div,e rsity in the blocks Onda (25), Hirbundh (24)1 Raipur «24), Ranibundh (26)1 Bar,a ba2at (24) ,a nd Manhazar-II (24) (Table-4), Qualitativ@ study of fin fish showed that categorically out of 100 species, 47 species
were identified ,a s commercially important, 21 cat fish, 10 ornam,e ntal fish, 41 exclusively riverine and 69 threatened fishes (Table~5). From this region 69 species (Table~6) had been identified as thr,e atened on IUeN ,c riteria of which 51 were iden tifi,ed as locally threat,e ned species. Study reveals that fis h richness in Purulia was lower in comparison to Bankura. (Table4). Study showed that in Bankura district Onda, Raipur, Bishnupur, Kotolpur, Barjora and Bankura~I were the most cultural Block whelle as Purulia~I, Purulia~n, Kashipllr, Raghunathpur~I and II .of Purulia district was the most cultural block in this region. From this I1e,gion 3 Indian major carp alo~g with 3 exotic carps (H. malitm, C. carpio and C. idella) were scientifically cultured. Among riverine fishes Barilius barna, WaIlago attu, Sp,er,ata aor, Labe,o bog,a, B,arilius b,ende lisis, Brachyg,obius nunuS Amblyceps mangois ,a nd f
Acanthocobitis bona w'ere found in maximum sites W ere,a s Chitala chi tala, Pan,gasius pangasius, I
Nandus nandus, Ailia oaila
f
Silonia silondia,
Osteobr.ama cotio cotio were found in least sited areas (Table-2).
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+
+
Labeo fimbriatus
'.
•
+
+
+
•
+
+
Glyptotiwmx ,dorsalis
•
... ...
...
+
+
+
•
'" '"
+
....
+
•
...
'*'
+
... ...
+
•
+
Bagarius bagarius
+
• •
+
+
... ... ... ... ...
•
+ +
... ...
...
... ...
++ +
+
•
+
+
...
...
.
16
26 39
23
...
...
+
...
I
...
28
+
23
... 12
17
20
22 17
36
ROY et. ai. : Fish Div,ersity in Two South-western Districts of West Bengal
173
. th , e"'l: I, , lyarea T,abi 3 Famil . fish sp€lCliesm ; estud lywlse Family
I
Amhassidae
I
Amblycipitidae
I
Anabantidae
I
Anguillidae
I
Family
Nos.
Nos.
3
Cyprinidae
42
1
Gobiidae
2
1
Heteropneustidae
1
1
Mastacembelidae
4
Bagridae
'7
'andidae
1
B_ :to 'dae
2
otopter,' dae
2
Belonidae
1
Ospbronemjdae
2
Chanmdae
5
Pangasiidae
1
Cichlidae
2
Schilbeidae
4
Clarlidae
2
Siluridae
4
2
Sisoridae
2
4
Synbranchidae
1
1
Engraulidae
1
Clupeidae
I
Cobitidae Mugilidae
I
Badidae
I
2
TabIe-4: Family wise fish distribution at block levels (Bankura and Purulia) Distribution of fish species
BaDkura
Block
Purulia I
Bankura-I
Family nos.
1
Famllynos
Block
22
Arsha
21
18
Bagmundi
Brujor,a
19
Balarampur
15 16
Bishnupur
22
Barabazar
24
Chattna
20
Bundwan
16
21
Hu ra
15
24
Jaypur
16
Inddus
16
Jhalda-I
18
Indpur J ,o ypur
22
Jhalda-II
20
20
Kashipur
22
Khatra
23
Manbazar-I
20
&otalpur
20
Manbazar-I1
24
Bankura-ll
OaIlgajal Gb ati Hirbundh
I
I
Mejia
20
Neturia
20
Onda
25
Para
Patrasayer
18
Puncha
16 18
Raipur
24
Purulia-I
22
Ranibundh
26
Purulia~II
Saltora
22
Raghunath
Sarenga
22
Simlapal
20
Sonamukhi
18
Taldangra
20
I
I
22 Pur~I
15
Raghunath Pur-II
23
Santuri
18
I
I I I
I
I
I
Rec. zoot Surv. Indw
174 Table-5 : Different categories of fish in the study area Sl,No l
Species
1
Xenen,todon candIa (Ham.~Buch.) Wallago attu (Schneider) Silonia silcmdia (Ram.-Buch.) Semiplotu8 ,semipZQtus (McClelland) Salm
