WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK APPLICATIONS

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Karpagam college of Engineering, Coimbatore, India. 3Department of Computer Science and Engineering, VFSTR,. Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India. Abstract: ...
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 118 No. 11 2018, 385-389 ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.ijpam.eu doi: 10.12732/ijpam.v118i11.47 Special Issue

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WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK APPLICATIONS: A STUDY 1

B.P.Sreeja , 2L.Jayakumar, 3G.Saratha Devi Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Karpagam college of Engineering, Coimbatore, India 3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, VFSTR, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Abstract: A wireless sensor network is a wi-fi community consisting of spatially circulated self sufficient devices the usage of sensors to reveal physically or environmental conditions. There are extensive wireless sensor networks applications. They are used for growth, storing and sharing sensed statistics. A sensor community consists of multiple detection stations referred to as sensor nodes, each of which is small, lightweight and portable. This paper affords an outline of the assorted wireless sensor networks based applications. Keywords: Wireless Applications.

sensor

network,

dimensions have yet to be created. The price of sensor nodes is in addition variable, starting from some to loads of bucks, relying on the complexity of the person sensor nodes [4]. 2. WSN System Architecture

Sensors,

1. Introduction Wireless sensor networks (WSN), occasionally referred to as wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSAN), are spatially dispensed self sufficient sensors to reveal bodily or environmental conditions, together with temperature, sound, stress, and many others and to cooperatively by pass their statistics through the network to a primary vicinity. The cutting-edge networks are bi-directional, additionally allowing control of sensor activity. The development of wireless sensor networks turned into prompted via military programs including battlefield surveillance; today such networks are used in lots of business and consumer programs, inclusive of business manner monitoring and control, gadget health tracking, and so on [1]. The WSN is built of "nodes" – from a few to several hundred or maybe thousands, wherein every node is hooked up to at least one or every so often numerous sensors. Each such sensor community node has usually several elements: a radio transceiver with an inner antenna or connection to an outside antenna, a microcontroller, an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors and an electricity supply, generally a battery or an embedded form of power harvesting. A sensor node might vary in length from that of a shoebox down to the size of a grain of dust, even though functioning "motes" of genuine microscopic

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Figure 1. WSN Architecture Wireless generation gives numerous benefits for folks who can construct wired and wireless structures and take advantage of the high-quality era for the utility. To do that we need a bendy software program structure like the NI LabVIEW graphical machine layout platform. LabVIEW gives the flexibility had to join a huge range of wired and wi-fi gadgets. 3. Wireless Sensor Network Applications Wireless Sensor Networks are closely software-based and depend on the applications. Recent WSN research has targeted an increasing number of on the solutions that could maintain the range of diverse sensor programs through integrating the software information with management architectures in WSNs. Here are a few examples:

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A. Area monitoring Area tracking is a commonplace utility of WSNs. In region monitoring, the WSN is deployed over a location where in a few phenomenon is to be monitored. A military instance is the usage of sensors detects enemy intrusion; a civilian example is the geofencing of fuel or oil pipelines. B. Military programs Wireless sensor networks may be an critical part of military command, control, communications, computing, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and targeting structures. The specific operation, selfenterprise and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a totally promising sensing approach for military C4ISRT. Since sensor networks are primarily based at the dense deployment of disposable and low-cost sensor nodes, destruction of some nodes by hostile actions does now but will not affect a navy operation as tons as the destruction of a conventional sensor, which makes sensor networks idea a higher approach for battlefields [5]. C. Environmental programs Some ecological applications of sensor networks consist of monitoring the movements of birds, small animals and insects monitoring environmental conditions that affects the vegetation and livestock; irrigation macro gadgets for huge-scale earth tracking and planetary exploration chemical biological detection precision agriculture organic, earth and environmental monitoring in marine, soil, and atmospheric contexts wooded area fire detection meteorological or geophysical studies flood detection bio-complexity mapping of the environment; and pollutants observe.

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A bio-complexity mapping of the surroundings requires urbane approaches to integrate information throughout temporal and spatial scales. The advances of generation within the faraway sensing and automated statistics collection have enabled better spatial, spectral and temporal resolution at a geometrically declining fee consistent with unit surrounding area. Along with these advances the sensor nodes also have the capability to hook up with the Internet which permits far off users to direct, monitor and look at the bio complexity of the environs. F. Health applications Some of the health programs for sensor internetworks are offering interfaces for the disabled and included patient monitoring, diagnostics, drug management in hospitals , tracking the movements and inner tactics of insects or other small animals tele monitoring of human physiological facts; and monitoring and tracking data and wounded inner a health center. Tele monitoring of human physiological records The physiological statistics accrued by way of the sensor networks may be saved for an extended time period and may be used for clinical exploration.The established sensor networks also can monitor and detect aged people’s behaviors for example a fall. These small sensor nodes allow the subject a more freedom of motion and allow medical doctors to pick out pre-described symptoms in advance. Also they facilitate a higher first-rate of existence for the subjects in comparison to the remedy facilities. Tracking and monitoring doctors and patients inner a hospital, Each patient has small and light weight sensor nodes connected to them. Each sensor node has its particular assignment. For instance, one sensor node may be detecting the coronary heart price even as another is detecting the blood strain. Doctors may deliver a sensor node, which lets in different medical doctors to locate them inside the health facility.

D. Forest fireplace detection G. Home programs Since sensor nodes may be strategically, randomly and densely deployed in a wood land, sensor nodes can relay the precise beginning of the hearth to the stop users earlier than the fire is unfold uncontrollable. Millions of sensor nodes may be deployed and incorporated the usage of radio frequencies/ optical structures. Also, they may be geared up with effective electricity scavenging methods which includes solar cells due to the fact the sensors can be left unattended for months or even years. The sensor nodes will collaborate with each different to carry out allotted sensing and overcome limitations such as trees and rocks, that block will not affect the wired sensor’s line of sight. E. Bio-complexity mapping of the surroundings

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Home automation as generation advances, clever sensor nodes and actuators may be buried in home equipment, including vacuum cleaners, micro-wave ovens, fridges, and VCRs [10]. These sensor nodes in the home devices can interact with every other and with the outside community thru the Internet or Satellite. They permit the users to control home devices locally and remotely extra easily. 4. Issues in Commercial Applications Some of the economic applications of WSNs include vehicular tracking, cultural property safety, event detection and structural fitness monitoring. These packages have a profound impact on regular daily affairs [3].

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A. Smart Parking

C. Security of Intra-Car

WSNs are broadly used in the packages like smart parking for the functions including powerful usage of existing parking masses as opposed to making costly investments in new installations and to make provisions for coupling with low-priced sensor nodes which can noise the automobiles efficiently. Existing respond for parking utility uses magnetometers and video cameras. The detections of magnetometers are not very correct as they are inspired by environmental factors. Video digital camera that is the exchange is expensive and it isn't viable to transmit big amount of statistics in a wi-fi surroundings through more than one hops. Another element which impacts the utility of magnetometers and video cameras is that in a car parking zone, aside from entry and go out of cars there may be other shifting objects that are a notable mission. Detection of motors in a car parking zone using magnetic sensors in conjunction with ultrasonic sensors together has been supplied [6]. It became proved that correct vehicular detection become feasible with the combined use of ultrasonic sensors and magnetometers however it did now not provide any solution for higher parking control [3]. A wireless sensor networks based totally Smart Parking (SPARK) management machine has been provided in [7].Monitoring of far away parking, mechanism for parking reservation and automatic guidance are a number of the cutting-edge features furnished through the gadget. However, the gadget need to be made fault tolerant, through incorporating mechanisms for figuring out defaulters.

Fuel performance and discount inside the weight of automotives may be executed via changing stressed out sensors and their cables with wireless sensors. However, the inherent vulnerability of the wireless platform makes the security problems of this kind of substitute, tremendously questionable. Security issues for intra-automobile wi-fi sensor networks had been addressed in [9]. In this work, choice of appropriate security algorithms for WSNs the use of a scientific technique and determination of the first-rate combination with regard to execution time and security has been supplied.

B. Vehicular Telematics A special assessment of vehicular tele matics over heterogeneous wireless sensor networks has been presented in [8]. In this paper, a sophisticated architecture that collaboratively makes use of a couple of radios and access technology, called Advance Heterogeneous Vehicular Network (AHVN) structure has been mentioned. Sufficient mild has been thrown on the numerous demanding situations and elements involved inside the improvement of the purposeful additives of AHVN and its associated protocols. These covered radio hyperlink control and congestion manage, routing, protection and different utility improvement. In order to realize AHVN structure for vehicular telematics over heterogeneous wireless networks the studies troubles to be explored encompass better multi-channel MAC protocols for Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), dynamic spectrum sharing among DSRC and wi-max, Heterogeneous wireless get entry to for vehicular telematics, multimedia transmission and Qos guide and information congestion in vehicular telematics.

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D. Event Detection Tracking is a typical feature of wi-fi sensor networks, specifically for fast monitoring of occasions. Much work has been performed in WSN, with sensor nodes having equal sensing devices. However, the usage of different varieties of sensor nodes is a place but to be explored. A completely dispensed protocol Collaborative Event Detection and Tracking (CollECT), for occasion detection and monitoring in wireless heterogeneous sensor networks has been available. However, responds to sensor node deployment, records dissemination and routing in Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (WHSNs) are the troubles but to be addressed. E. Structural Health Monitoring The technique of detection of harm for civil, aerospace and different engineering structures is called Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Any alternate inside the fabric or geometric houses of these systems due to inner factors or outside elements is termed as damage. The normal operation of an SHM machine consists of low energy, lengthy-term monitoring of a shape to offer periodic updation of its fitness condition. However, in the course of critical activities along with earthquakes and other natural failures, real-time rapid structural conditional screening may be accomplished the use of SHM gadget. 5. Conclusion An evaluation of WSN programs of has been experienced in this paper. The utility of WSN within the Area monitoring, military applications, Environmental packages, forest hearth detection Home packages had been briefed. These exciting packages are viable because of the elasticity, fault tolerance, low value and brief deployment characteristics of sensor networks. Though wireless sensor networks are pressured by scalability, price, topology exchange and manipulate usage, new technology are being devised to

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overcome these and to make sensor networks an necessary a part of our lives. References [1] Nikila, E. Edwin Lawrence, S.Meenakshi “A Study on Wireless Sensor Network’s Applications, Architecture and Protocols” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 4,Issue 4, April 2016. [2] D. J. Cook and S. K. Das, “Smart environments technologies, protocols and applications “New York : John Wiley, pp. 13-15, 2004. [3] Edwin Prem Kumar Gilbert, Baskaran, Kaliaperumal and Elijah Blessing Rajsingh” Research Issues in Wireless Sensor Network Applications: A Survey” International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 5, September 2012. [4] K.Sohraby, D.Minoli, and T. Znati, “Wireless sensor networks: technology, protocols and applications,” New Jersey: John Wiley, pp.38-71,2007. [5] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su*, Y. Sankara Subr subramaniam, E. Cayirci “Wireless sensor networks: a survey” Computer Networks Elsevier (2002) [6] Hussain, G. Chow, V. C. M. Leung, R. D. McLeod, J. Misic, V. W. S. Wong, and O.Yang,” Vehicular telematics over heterogeneous wireless networks: A survey,” Computer Communications, vol. 33, pp. 775-793,May 2010. [7] Lee, H. M. Tsai, and O. K. Tonguz, “On the security of intra-car wireless sensor networks,”IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conf, pp.1-5, 2009. [8] Y. Wang and G. Shen, “Zigbee Wireless Sensor Network Technology and Application,” Ship Electronic Engineering, 10th ed, vol. 28, pp. 32- 34, 2008. [9] Benson, J.P., T. O’Donovan, P. O’Sullivan, U. Roedig, C. Sreenan, J. Barton, A. Murphy, B.O” Flynn,”Car-Park Management using Wireless Sensor Networks,” Proceedings of the 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks, Tampa, FL, Nov 2006, pp. 588– 595. [10] E.M. Petriu, N.D. Georganas, D.C. Petriu, D. Makrakis, V.Z. Groza, Sensor-based information appliances, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Measurement Magazine (December 2000) 31-35. [11] Xu, N,S. Rangwala, K.K. Chintalapudi, D. Ganesan, A. Broad, R. Govindan, and Deborah Estrin, “A wireless sensor network For structural monitoring,” Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, MD, Nov 2004,pp.13-24.

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[12] Knaian, A.N., “A Wireless Sensor Network for Smart Roadbeds and Intelligent Transportation Systems,” Master’s Thesis, MIT, Jun 2000. [13] S.V.Manikanthan and K.Baskaran “Low Cost VLSI Design Implementation of Sorting Network for ACSFD in Wireless Sensor Network”, CiiT International Journal of Programmable Device Circuits and Systems, Print: ISSN 0974 – 973X & Online: ISSN 0974 – 9624, Issue :November 2011, PDCS112011008. [14] Rajesh, M., and J. M. Gnanasekar. " GCCover Heterogeneous Wireless Ad hoc Networks.& quot; Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015): 195-200 [15] T. Padmapriya & V.Saminadan, “Improving Performance of Downlink LTE-Advanced Networks Using Advanced Networks Using Advanced feedback Mechanisms and SINR Model”, International Conference on Emerging Technology (ICET), vol.7, no.1, pp: 93, March 2014.

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