zootaxa

Zootaxa 262: 1-10 (2003) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

Copyright © 2003 Magnolia Press

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

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A new phytotelmatic species of Monopelopia Fittkau, 1962 (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) from South Brazil HUMBERTO FONSECA MENDES1, CARLOS BRISOLA MARCONDES2 & LUIZ CARLOS DE PINHO2 1

Depto Biologia FFCLRP-USP, Av. Bandeirantes n. 3900, CEP-14040-901 Ribeirão Preto - SP, Brazil. Email: [email protected] 2. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia da UFSC campus Trindade, 88049 Florianópolis – SC, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract The new species Monopelopia caraguata sp. n. is figured and described. The material was collected in a bromeliad study in South Brazil – (Unidade de Conservação Ambiental Desterro – UCAD, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State). A key to the Neotropical-Nearctic species is also provided. Key words: Tanypodinae, Monopelopia, Neotropical, Taxonomy, Phytotelmata

Introduction The genus Monopelopia was erected by Fittkau (1962) for Tanypus tenuicalcar Kieffer, 1918 from the Holarctic region. Subsequently Beck & Beck (1966) described two new species from the Nearctic, M. boliekae Beck and Beck and M. tillandsia Beck and Beck. In the Neotropical region three species were assigned: M. boliekae from Colombia (Spies & Reiss, 1996), M. mikeschwartzi Epler, 1998 from Jamaica, and M. minuta Serpa-Filho & Oliveira (1997) from Brazil. Roback (1986) provided the most recent revision of the genus. The immatures of M. boliekae, M. mikeschwartzi, M. tillandsia, and M. tenuicalcar are known and show many differences which enable identification at the species level based on the immature stages. According to Murray & Fittkau (1989), the larvae live in small pools of boggy acid water but M. tillandsia and M. mikeschwartzi are found in bromeliads. The genus may have also been confused with other genera in older literature due to taxonomic changes, as previously discussed by Epler & Janetzky (1998) and Cranston & Judd (1987). Accepted: 30 July 2003; published: 11 August 2003

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The genus was cited for Brazil by Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino (1995) based on larval specimens although no specific habitat information was given. Stur (2000) found the genus in one stream in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Winder (1977) referred to the genus in bromeliads in Bahia, Brazil.The only species formally described for Brazil, Monopelopia minuta, was based on adults and no information on immature stages or females was given. Monopelopia includes, until now, two species known to live in bromeliads, M. tillandsia and M. mikeschwartzi. The present study adds one new phytotelmatic species from southern Brazil.

Methods and terminology The material examined was mounted on slides following the procedures outlined by Sæther (1969). The general terminology follows Sæther (1980). Unless otherwise indicated, measurements are in µm and are given as ranges followed by the mean when more than three specimens have been measured. The holotype of the new species is housed in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP), paratypes are deposited in MZUSP and Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC).

Key to the Neotropical and Nearctic larvae of Monopelopia 1. Dark claw on the posterior parapod present.................................................................. 2 –. Dark claw on the posterior parapod absent ................................................................... 3 2. Teeth of ligula in relatively straight line; procercus length/width 3.0 or less; USA, Colombia............................................................................................................boliekae –. Teeth of ligula in concave arc: procercus length/width more than 4.0; USA, Europe.... ...................................................................................................................... tenuicalcar 3. AR 2.22-2.53; Jamaica ............................................................................ mikeschwartzi –. AR above 3.0................................................................................................................. 4 4. AR 3.8; USA .................................................................................................... tillandsia –. AR 3.08-3.18: Brazil ........................... ................................................ caraguata sp. n.

Key to the Neotropical and Nearctic pupae of Monopelopia 1. Plastron plate elongated and reaching at least one third of the total length of the thoracic horn...................................................................................................................... 2 –. Plastron plate small, rounded and reaching at most one fourth of the total length 2

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2. –. 3. –. 4 –.

of the thoracic horn ...................................................................................................... 4 Genital sac equal to longer than the anal lobe............................................................... 3 Genital sac smaller than the anal lobe; USA, Colombia .................................. boliekae Genital sac equal size to the anal lobe; thoracic horn apex smooth; USA, Europe ........ ....................................................................................................................... tenuicalcar Genital sac longer than the anal lobe; thoracic horn apex with a spine like projection; Brazil caraguata sp. n. T IV uniformly colored; USA .............................................. ......................... tillandsia T IV with a central darker colour; Jamaica .................... ........................ mikeschwartzi

Key to the Neotropical and Nearctic male imagines of Monopelopia 1. Wing length about 1.0 mm; Brazil ............................................... ....................... minuta –. Wing length > 1.0 mm................................................................................ .................. 2 2. Second palpal segment with one or two preapical dark spines; USA, Colombia ........ ... ............................................................................................................................boliekae –. Second palpal segment without dark preapical spines .......................... ....................... 3 3. Second palpal segment with pale subapical setae about 1.5 X its length; vertex bristles single, all inhabitants of bromeliads.............................................................................. 4 –. Second palpal segment with pale subapical setae subequal its length; vertex bristles single to multiseriate; USA, Europe............................................................. tenuicalcar 4. T VIII brown; T IX with 3-5 setae on each side ............................. ............................. 5 –. T VIII pale; T IX with one seta on each side; Jamaica ............. ............. mikeschwartzi 5. Wing length about 1.75 mm, HR about 1.31, T IX with 3 setae on each side; USA ...... ........................................................................................................................ tillandsia –. Wing length about 1.39mm, HR about 1.58, T IX with 4-5 setae on each side; Brazil.. ............................................................................................................. caraguata sp. n.

Descriptions Monopelopia caraguata sp. n. Type material: Holotype: male with pupal exuviae (MZUSP) Brazil, Santa Catarina State, Florianópolis (UCAD), in Vriesea vagans (Smith), 6.iv.2002, C.B. Marcondes & L.C. Pinho leg.. Paratypes: 1 male with larval and pupal exuviae, same data as holotype except for Nidularium innocentii Lemaire, 8.xi.2002; 1 male with pupal exuviae, same data as holotype except for Vriesea philippocoburgii Wawra, 11.iv.2002; 1 male with pupal exuviae, same data as holotype except for Hohenbergia augusta (Velloso), 15.iv.2002; 1 male with pupal exuviae, same data as holotype except for Nidularium innocentii, 09.v.2002;1

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female; with larval and pupal exuviae: same data as holotype except for Aechmea nudicaulis (Linne), 27.viii.2002. 1 female; with larval and pupal exuviae: same data as holotype except for Nidularium innocentii, 15.iv.2002.

FIGURES 1-4: Monopelopia caraguata sp. n. imagines: 1-3 male adult. 1 thorax; 2 wing; and 3 hypopygium, right dorsal and left ventral (microtrichia omitted); 4 female genitalia.

Additional material ascribed to this species: 2 female with pupal exuviae (Nidularium innocentii, Vriesea gigantea); 2 pupal exuviae associated with larval exuviae (Nidularium innocentii, Vriesea gigantea). 4


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Diagnostic characters: Male adult. The combination of T I-V with a broad oral brown band; T VI brown, T VII and VIII brown with an anal pale band; genitalia brown; 3 strong pale bristles on the second palpomere; TIX with 4-5 setae on each side. Pupa. The combination of genital sac longer than anal lobe; plastron plate elongated and reaching at least one third of the total length of the thoracic horn; pupal exuviae uniformly dark brownish, 4 lateral setae on segment VIII. Larva. The combination of AR 3.08, no dark claws on the posterior parapod and 5 teeth on the inner margin of the smallest claw of the posterior parapod, will distinguish this species among all other Monopelopia species. Etymology: From Tupy, a native Brazilian language, caraguatá = bromeliad, referring to where the species was collected. Noun in apposition. Male imago (n=4 otherwise when stated). Total length 2.08-2.15, 2.11 mm. Wing length 1.22-1.39, 1.31 mm. Total length/wing length 1.54-1.70, 1.61. Wing length/ length of profemur 2.04 (1). Coloration. Head, eyes and pedicel brown, antenna pale. Thorax with dark brown dorsum and postnotum, dark brown spots on anterior anepisternum and median anepisternum, scutellum pale. Wings with pale brown macrotrichia. Legs light brown. Abdomen, T I-V with a broad oral brown band; T VI brown, T VII and VIII brown with an anal pale band; genitalia brown. Head. AR 1.03-1.05, 1.04 (3), ultimate flagellomere 348-424, 386, apical flagellomere totally off-set. Temporal setae 12-16, 14, Clypeus with 16-21, 18 setae. Tentorium 139144, 141 long, 38-40, 39 wide at largest part; stipes not measurable. Palpomere lengths 15: 30, 51, 129/141 (2), 144/157 (2) and 202 (1). Palpomere 2 with 3 long pale preapical setae, longest 81. Thorax (Fig 1). Antepronotum with 2-3, 2 setae. Dorsocentrals 21-25, 23, acrostichals 25-32, 28, biserial, all starting close to the anterior end; prealars 7-10, 9. Scutellum with 10 setae.

Wing (Fig 2). VR 0.87-1.00, 0.95. Brachiolum with 3 setae, one long and two others smaller (about 109 long.). Squama with 12-13, 13 setae. Legs (1). Spur of front tibia 45 long, spur of middle tibia 33, of hind tibia 56. Width at apex of front tibia 45, middle tibia 43, of hind tibia 38. Hind tibial comb with 5 setae, shortest seta 30 long, longest seta 43. Lengths and proportions of legs:

p1 p2 p3

fe 663 536 507

ti 585 605 683

ta1 556 458 527

ta2 302 302 292

ta3 185 273 224

ta4 117 175 175

ta5 68 68 68

LR 0.95 0.76 0.77

BV 2.68 1.95 2.26

SV 2.25 2.49 2.26

BR 2.92 -4.17

Hypopygium (Fig 3) (1). Anal point 45 long; tergite IX with 4-5, 4 setae on each side. Gonocoxite 164 long. Gonostylus 104 long, megaseta 10 long. HR 1.58, HV 2.00.

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Female imago (n=1). Total length 1.37 mm. Wing length 1.12 mm. Total length/wing length 1.23. Wing length/ length of profemur 2.44. Coloration. Head, eyes and pedicel brown, antenna pale. Thorax with dark brown dorsum and postnotum, dark brown spots on anterior anepisternum and median anepisternum, scutellum pale. Wings with pale brown macrotrichia. Legs light brown. Abdomen pale without any distinct darker bands. Head. AR 0.19, ultimate flagellomere 80. Temporal setae 12, Clypeus with 18 setae. Cibarium 182 long. Palpomere lengths 1-5: 30, 51, 124, 159 and 245. Palpomere 2 with 2/ 3 long, pale, preapical setae. Thorax. Antepronotum with 3 setae. Dorsocentrals 30, acrostichals 32, triserial anteriorly and biserial posteriorly, starting close to the anterior end; prealars 3. Scutellum with 10 setae. Wing. VR 0.86. Brachiolum with 3 setae, one long and two others smaller. Squama with 10 setae. Legs. Spur of front tibia 38, spur of middle tibia 45, of hind tibia 58. Width at apex of front tibia 38, middle tibia 38, of hind tibia 43. Hind tibial comb with 4 setae, shortest seta 30, longest seta 41. Lengths and proportions of legs:

p1 p2 p3

fe 458 604 585

ti 497 526 614

ta1 351 507 497

ta2 205 224 204

ta3 146 185 185

ta4 97 165 97

ta5 49 58 49

LR 0.71 0.96 0.81

BV 2.63 2.58 3.16

SV 2.72 2.23 2.41

BR 4.53 2.51 3.18

Genitalia (Fig 4) Notum length (from bifurcation forward) 207; seminal capsules spherical, 46 in diameter; cerci small, 51 long, width at tip, 13; with 4 setae. Gonocoxite IX with 16 setae, 53 long. Tergite IX with 205 long, maximum width, 28, width at middle, 13. Coxosternapodeme maximum width 10. Pupa (1) 1.82 mm long. Color brownish. Cephalothorax. Supralar seta 38 µm long. Dc1 33, Dc2 51, distance Dc1-Dc2 207. Thorax and wing sheath smooth, wing sheath 800 long. Thoracic horn 300 long (Fig. 6), maximum width 25, apex with a spine-like projection. Abdomen. Tergite I (Fig. 5) and sternite I without shagreen, tergites and sternites II-IX with shagreen. Setation of tergites as in diagnosis in Fittkau & Murray (1986) (Fig. 8). T VII with 4 lateral setae, T VIII with 5 lateral setae. Anal lobe as in fig. 7, 257 µm long. Genital sac overreaching anal lobe in 38 µm. Anal macrosetae not measurable.

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FIGURES 5-7: Monopelopia caraguata sp. n. pupa: 5 thoracic horn; 6 Tergite I; 7 anal lobe and genital sacs; and 8 abdominal tergites.

Larva (n = 1) – fourth instar exuviae- Head pale yellow and body transparent, posterior parapod claws all pale yellow. Head: Head length 546; width 451. Antenna. Segment I 217 long, ring organ 116 from the base; segment II 71 µm long, blade length 73; AR 3.08-3.18. Maxillary palp 56 long, 11 wide (Fig. 10); length of antennal segment II/ length of the maxillary palp 1.27. Mandible length 131. Pseudoradula approximately 66 long. Ligula 63 long and maximum width 38; paraligula 30 long (Fig. 9). Pecten hypopharyngis with 5-7 teeth. Dorsal head capsule setae as M. mikeschwartzi. Body: Procerci 81 long, 20 wide. Anal tubules not measurable. Posterior parapod with large claws with fine inner and outer teeth; two smaller claws with 5 inner teeth (Fig. 11).

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FIGURE 8: Monopelopia caraguata sp. n. pupa: abdominal tergites.

FIGURES 9-11: Monopelopia caraguata sp. n. larva: 9 ligula and paraligula; 10 maxilla and 11 posterior parapod claw. 8


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Notes on biology and ecology

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262 This species was collected in many different bromeliad species (Nidularium innocentii Lemaire, Vriesea vagans (Smith), V. philippocoburgii Wawra, V. gigantea Gaudichaud, Aechmea nudicaulis (Linne), Hohenbergia augusta (Velloso), all in the Unit for Environmental Conservation (UCAD – Unidade de Conservação Ambiental Desterro) at Florianópolis, Brazil. Only some larvae were successfully reared to adult stage. The larvae live in the water held in the leaf axils of the bromeliads. Rearing procedures followed Mendes (2002).

Acknowledgments We are very indebted to professor Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich, Universidade de São Paulo, for valuable advice and discussions. Mônica de Andrade Morraye provided us important material. Vera L. O. Andrade made some of the slide preparations. Thanks are also due to Professor Dr. Sebastião J. de Oliveira and Dr. Eliana M. Cancello, curators of Chironomidae in the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and MZUSP respectively. Fábio de Oliveira Roque kindly provided us with important references. The first author received grants from FAPESP (00/05903-9 and 98/05073-4) within the BIOTA/FAPESP – The Biodiversity Virtual Institute Program (www.biotasp.org.br). Junior authors were granted by CNPq (Proc. 690143/01-0). Thanks are also due to the Programa de Pós Graduação em Entomologia da FFCLRP-USP (CAPES-PROAP).

References Beck, W. M. & Beck, E.C. (1966) Chironomidae (Diptera) of Florida: 1. Pentaneurini (Tanypodinae). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum Biological Sciences, 10(8), 305-379.

Cranston, P. S. & Judd, D.D. (1987) Metriocnemus (Diptera: Chironomidae) – an ecological survey and description of a new species. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 95, 534546. Epler, J.H. & Janetzky, W.J. (1998) A new species of Monopelopia (Diptera: Chironomidae) from phytotelmata in Jamaica, with preliminary ecological notes. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 71, 216-225. Fittkau, E.J. (1962) Die Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Abhandlungen zur Larvalsystematik der Insekten, 6, 1-453. Mendes, H.F. (2002) Rearing Tanypodinae, Telmatogetoninae and Orthocladiinae in Brazil – an empirical approach. Chironomus Newsletter, 15, 29-32. Murray, D.A. & Fittkau, E.J. (1989) The adult males of Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region – Keys and Diagnoses In Wiederholm, T. (ed). Chironomidae of the Holarctic Region. Keys and diagnoses. Part 3. Adult males. Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 34, 129-154. Roback, S.S. (1986) The immature Chironomids of the Eastern United States VII. Pentaneurini –

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genus Monopelopia, with redescription of the male adults and description of some Neotropical material. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science Philadelphia, 138(2), 350-365. Sæther, O. A. (1969) Some Nearctic Podonominae, Diamesinae and Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Bulletin of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 107, 1-154. Sæther, O. A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement, 16, 1-51. Serpa-Filho, A. & Oliveira, S. J. (1997) Sobre uma nova espécies neotrópica do gênero Monopelopia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera, Chironomidae, Tanypodinae). Entomología y Vectores, 4(2), 47-49. Spies, M. & Reiss, F. (1996) Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chironomidae. Spixiana Supplement, 22, 61-119. Stur, E. (2000) Chironomidengemeinschaften (Diptera, Nematocera) des Rio Bento Gomes, eines intermittierenden neotropischen Tieflandflusses, Doctor thesis, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 177 pp. Trivinho-Strixino, S. & Strixino, G. (1995) Larvas de Chironomidae (Diptera) do Estado de São Paulo: Guia de identificação e diagnose dos gêneros. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, 227 pp. Winder, J. A. (1977) Some organic substrates which serve as insect breeding sites in Bahian cocoa plantations. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 37, 351-356.

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